Ray Diagram Involving

Mirrors &
MAGNIFICATION
Performance Task in Science 10
 Contents
1 WHAT IS A RAY DIAGRAM?
4 MAGNIFICATION

2 RAY DIAGRAM INVOLVING

SPHERICAL MIRRORS
5 MIRROR EQUATION

PROPERTIES OF
3 SPHERICAL MIRRORS
 m Session
Brainstor
S A RA Y
WHA T I
G RA M ?
DIA
 Ray Diagram
is a type of diagram that traces the path that light takes in order
for an individual to view a point on the image of an object.

Parts of a Ray Diagram

Ray

Focal Point
Object Center of Curvature (C) (F) Vertex (V)
Mirror
Focal Length (f)

Radius of Curvature (R)

 Ray Diagram
is a type of diagram that traces the path that light takes in order
for an individual to view a point on the image of an object.

When drawing ray diagrams,

C F
 Ray Diagram
is a type of diagram that traces the path that light takes in order
for an individual to view a point on the image of an object.

When drawing ray diagrams,

objects are represented by arrows whose length represents the
height of the object.

C F
 Ray Diagram
is a type of diagram that traces the path that light takes in order
for an individual to view a point on the image of an object.

When drawing ray diagrams,

if the arrow points upward, then the object is described as upright
or erect and if downward, the object is described as inverted.

C F
 Ray Diagram
is a type of diagram that traces the path that light takes in order
for an individual to view a point on the image of an object.

When drawing ray diagrams,

if the object is real, then the arrow is drawn with a solid line.

C F
 Ray Diagram
is a type of diagram that traces the path that light takes in order
for an individual to view a point on the image of an object.

When drawing ray diagrams,

if the object is virtual, then the arrow is drawn with a dashed line.

C F
To be able to describe the location, size, orientation, and type of image
formed by concave of a concave mirror, the technique known as ray
diagramming is used. Three rules are followed to locate where the image of
the object will appear.

C F
To be able to describe the location, size, orientation, and type of image
formed by concave of a concave mirror, the technique known as ray
diagramming is used. Three rules are followed to locate where the image of
the object will appear.

Rule 1: Any ray through the focal point will reflect parallel to the principle
axis.

C F F C

Concave Mirrors Convex Mirrors

To be able to describe the location, size, orientation, and type of image
formed by concave of a concave mirror, the technique known as ray
diagramming is used. Three rules are followed to locate where the image of
the object will appear.

Rule 2: Any ray parallel to the principle axis will reflect so that it passes
through the focal point.

C F F C

Concave Mirrors Convex Mirrors

To be able to describe the location, size, orientation, and type of image
formed by concave of a concave mirror, the technique known as ray
diagramming is used. Three rules are followed to locate where the image of
the object will appear.

Rule 3: Any ray that passes through the center will reflect back through the
center.

C F F C

Concave Mirrors Convex Mirrors

Principal Ray - ray that leaves a point on an object facing
the mirror parallel to the principal axis.

C F F C

Concave Mirrors Convex Mirrors

Focal ray - is the ray that leaves the same point on the
object and immediately passes through the focal point.

C F F C

Concave Mirrors Convex Mirrors

Chief ray - ray that leaves a point on the object and
passes through the center of curvature.

C F F C

Concave Mirrors Convex Mirrors

 m Session
Brainstor
OF AL
RE
E RT IES
PRO P A GES
T U AL IM
ND VI R
A
 REAL IMAGES VIRTUAL IMAGES

IS ALWAYS INVERTED IS ALWAYS ERECT

FORMED WHEN THE RAYS OF LIGHT AFTER

FORMED WHEN LIGHT RAYS INTERSECT AFTER
REFLECTION OR REFRACTION APPEAR TO
REFLECTION AT SOME POINT
MEET AT A POINT

FORMED BY AN ACTUAL INTERSECTION OF LIGHT FORMED BY AN IMAGINARY INTERSECTION OF

RAYS LIGHT RAYS

APPEAR ON THE SAME SIDE WHERE THE OBJECT IS APPEAR ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF WHERE THE
REFLECTED OBJECT IS

FORMED BY BOTH CONCAVE AND CONVEX

ONLY FORMED BY A CONCAVE MIRROR
MIRRORS
 nventions
Co
u a tio n and
Mirro r Eq
g nific a tion
Ma
The +/- Sign Conventions
The sign conventions for the given quantities in the mirror equation
and magnification equations are as follows:
f is + if the mirror is a concave mirror
f is - if the mirror is a convex mirror
di is + if the image is a real image and located on the object's
side of the mirror.
di is - if the image is a virtual image and located behind the
mirror.
hi is + if the image is an upright image (and therefore, also
virtual)
hi is - if the image an inverted image (and therefore, also real)
 m Session
Brainstor

gnification
Ma
 Magnification
is the process of making something look bigger than it
is.
 m Session
Brainstor
u a tio n and
Mirro r Eq
g nific a tion
Ma
 Mirror Equation
an equation that is used to calculate the distance of an
image that is produced when light reflects an object into a
mirror.

1 1 1
= +
f do di
1 1 1
= +
f do di
1 1 1
= -
di f do

1 1 1
= +
do f di
 Magnification Equation
the magnification equation relates to the ratio of the
image distance and object distance to the ratio of the
image height (h i ) and object height (ho). The magnification
equation is stated as follows:

hi di
M = =-
ho do
 hi di
=-
ho do
hi (d i ) (h o )
=-
do

ho = - (h i ) (-d o )
-d i
A 4.00-cm tall light bulb is placed a distance of 45.7 cm
from a concave mirror having a focal length of 15.2 -cm.
Determine the image distance and the image size.
Given: Formulas:
h = 4.0 cm
o
d = 45.7 cm
1 1 1
o = -
f = 15.2 cm di f do
Find:
di
hi (d i ) (h o )
hi =-
do
A 4.00-cm tall light bulb is placed a distance of 45.7 cm
from a concave mirror having a focal length of 15.2 cm.
Determine the image distance and the image size.
1 1 1 1
= - = 0.0439cm
di f do di

1 1 1 1
= - = 0.0439 cm
di 15.2cm 45.7cm di

1 1 -1
= 0.0658cm - 0.0219cm = (0.0439) cm
di di

d i = 22.78 cm
A 4.00-cm tall light bulb is placed a distance of 45.7 cm
from a concave mirror having a focal length of 15.2 cm.
Determine the image distance and the image size.

hi (d i ) (h o ) hi = -1.99 cm
=-
do
hi =- (22.78 cm ) (4.0 cm)
45.7cm
hi (91.12 cm )
=-
45.7cm
A 4.0 cm tall light bulb is placed a distance of 35.5 cm
from a convex mirror having a focal length of 12.2 cm.
Determine the image distance and the image size.
Given: Formulas:
h = 4.0 cm 1
o 1 1
d = 35.3 cm = -
o di f do
f = -12.2 cm
Find: hi (d i ) (h o )
di =-
do
hi
A 4.00-cm tall light bulb is placed a distance of 35.2 cm
from a concave mirror having a focal length of 12.2 cm.
Determine the image distance and the image size.
1 1 1 1
= - = -0.1106 cm
di f do di

1 1 1 1
= - = -0.1106 cm
di -12.2cm 35.3cm di

1 1 -1
= -0.082 cm - 0.0286 cm = (-0.1106) cm
di di

d i = -9.04 cm
A 4.0-cm tall light bulb is placed a distance of 45.7 cm
from a concave mirror having a focal length of 15.2 cm.
Determine the image distance and the image size.

hi (d i ) (ho ) h i = -(-1.02 cm)

=-
do h i = 1.02 cm
hi =- (-9.04cm) (4.0 cm)
35.3cm
hi (-36.16 cm )
=-
35.3cm