6. A. gone B. taken C. signed D.

registered
7. A. taken B. brought C. held D. put
8. A. Increasingly B. Deliberately C. Intentionally D. Naturally
9. A. fast B. more C. many D. harder
10. A. Regarding B. Concerning C. According D. Believing
11. A. enthusiastic B. concerned C. keen D. interested
12. A. result B. cause C. lead D. provide
13. A. until B. while C. meanwhile D. during
14. A. requires B. requests C. asks for D. wants
15. A. bring B. place C. put D. get

1S3 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

GPS, or Global Positioning System, is a remarkable (1) . Using a simple
receiver, it is now possible to know your exact (2) on Earth at the press of a
button, possibly making the simple map and compass (3)
The (4) of GPS was developed by the US military and the system was set
(5) by them. It is (6) on a network of 24 satellites in orbit around the
Earth. Using radio signals, the hand-held receiver calculates the (7) to the
satellites and is then able to figure (8) where the user is to (9) a few
metres.
There are (10) practical applications of this system. For example, it was used
during (11) of the Channel Tunnel, connecting England to France, to (12)
sure that the two ends of the tunnel met in the middle. Car companies are
currently (13) ways of including GPS (14) in every ear, so (16)
whether to turn right or left at the next junction could soon be a thing of the past.
1. A. appliance B. discovery C. invention D. solution
2. A. point B. location C. region D. destination
3. A. obsolete B. classic C. traditional D. old
4. A. thought B. ideal C. image D. concept
5. A. off B. up C. in D. over
6. A. held B. fixed C. taken D. based
7. A. length B. line C. distance D. size
8. A. off B. up C. on D. out
9. A. among B. within C. between D. around
10. A. uncountable B. grand C. massive D. numerous
11. A. construction B. installation C. shaping D. manufacture
12. A. do B. have C. make D. take
13. A. predicting B. researching C. estimating D. experimenting
14. A. equipment B. appliances C. tools D. gadgets
15. A. declaring B. doubting C. wondering D. knowing

102
134 MONEY IN GPORT
Today, the distinction between the professional and the (l) is purely a
matter of sporting success. Most (2) start their careers by winning competitions
for nonprofessionals before deciding to (3) themselves to their chosen sport.
However, for a long time it used to be believed that getting paid for a sporting (4)
destroyed the ancient Olympic (5) of people simply trying to do their
best for the love of the sport.
In fact, even (6) in ancient Olympic (7) were able to make large
amounts of money from winning. At the games themselves, only a laurel wreath was
(8) to the winner, but back in his (9) town he could become very rich.
During most of the 20th century, professionals were (10) from entering the
Olympics. This gave the wealthy an advantage (11) they could afford to train
and compete without needing to earn money. In 1988, the IOC (which (12) for
International Olympic Committee) decided to allow professionals to take (13) in
the Olympics. Only boxing and football still restrict the (14) of professionals
allowed to compete. Boxing does not allow professionals at all, while Olympic football
teams are allowed up fio three professionals (15) the side.
1. A. champion B. umpire C. amateur D. volunteer
2. A. athletes B. rivals C. runners-up D. opponents
3. A. concentrate B. focus C. devote D. aim
4. A. action B. performance C. activity D. recreation
5. A. suggestion B. thought C. belief D. ideal
6. A. players B. participants G. members D. attendants
7. A. sessions B. acts G. plays D. events
8. A. awarded B. earned C. gained D. rewarded
9. A. birth B. native C. original D. home
10. A. prevented B. disallowed C. refused D. denied
11. A. but B. despite C. since D. although
12. A.,stands B. takes C. means D. goes
13. A. place B. account C. part D. sides
14. A. amount B. number C. degree D. quantity
15. A. into B. at C. to D. on

135 INTERNET BUSINESS

In the mid to late 1990s, thousands of new companies were (1) up with one
purpose: to (2) from the explosion of interest in the Internet. Large
corporations were happy to (3) millions in the weirdest website ideas, confident
that they would make a (4) overtime. Most of them didn’t. Indeed, the vast
t5) of them have gone (6) , leaving their investors severely out of pocket.
So what went wrong?

1
 The main mistake that companies (7) was to forget to ask how their dot com
company (as Internet based companies are sometimes called) would actually make a (8)
. It sounds fmrly obvious now, but in the rush to “get on the Net”, the whole
concept was (9) . There was also a second problem which dot corns did not
(10) . Yes, Internet traffic was (11) enormously, but people still felt
uncomfortable many still do, in fact about buying products and services online. Even if
the dot coms had (12) sensible business ideas, it’s unlikely they would have
brought in enough to cover their (l3J investment.
There were some (14) , of course. Some companies have been hugely
successful on the Internet. Most, however, found it wasn’t as easy to (15) an
Internet business as they’d thought.
1. A. held B. set G. got D. let
2. A. achieve B. acquire O. benefit D. obtain
3. A. invest B. add C. pay D. throw
4. A prosperity B. wealth C. treasure D. fortune
5. A. amount B. majority C. load D. lot
6. A. ruined B. smashed C. broken D. bust
7. A. did B. made C. had D. took
8. A. profit B. salary C. commission D. royalty
9. A. overseen B. unobserved C. reviewed D. overlooked
10. A. hesitate B. regard C. anticipate D. maintain
11. A. raising B. increasing C. improving D. extending
12. A. worked out B. brought out C. come into D. made up
13. A. novel B. authentic C. initial D. innovative
14. A. endings B. differences G. exclusions D. exceptions
15. A. run B. rule G. govern D. supervise

136 GUILTY OR NOT GUILTY?

In many legal (1) around the world, the defendant is (2) to be innocent
until proven guilty. This means in (3) that it is not (4) to the defendant’s
lawyers to prove that the defendant did not commit the crime he or she is t5) of. Rather,
it is the responsibility of the (6) to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the
defendant did (7) the law.
But what does the phrase “beyond a reasonable doubt” mean in t8) ? lt
means that, although there may not be absolute (9) such as a video, that the
defendant committed the crime, the judge or (10) after having examined all the
(11) , are certain that the person is guilty. If they are not certain, or, in (12)
words, if they believe there is a reasonable doubt, they must find the defendant
“not guilty”. In British (13) , defendants are never 114) innocent. The
only possible (15) are “guilty” or “not guilty”.

10
1. A. structures B. arrangements C. constructions D. systems
2. A. asked B. considered C. known D. hoped
3. A. effect B. agreement C. relation D. terms
4. A. about B. over C. up D. round
5. A. blamed B. accused C. charged D. arrested
6. A. persecution B. prescription C. persuasion D. prosecution
7. A. break B. abandon C. commit D. cheat
8. A. favour B. front C. prison D. practice
9. A. observation B. proof C. sign D. demonstration
10. A. audience B. team C. jury D. collective
11. A. evidence B. hints C. confirmation D. warnings
12. A. differing B. more C. other D. these
13. A. exhibitions B. institutions C. councils D. courts
14. A. declared B. mentioned C. spoken D. stated
15. A. conclusions B. verdicts C. decisions D. effects

137 AN UNDERWATER SWIM

I have always wanted to swim the English Channel underwater and as a former
Olympic gold medallist I tl) that I have the training to attempt (2) a
swim. The Channel is, I suppose, the Mount Everest of the swimming world (3)
to do it underwater will be an even greater (4) for me. Although many
swimmers have (5) the Channel, it will be the first time that a former Olympic
gold medallist has ever done it. 1 am (6) to do it in six to eight hours. I want to
(7) money for a number of new charities and I am especially (8) on the
charities that protect the world’s seas. I will be swimming (9) the Channel in
the summer. In (10) to (11) this out I have to follow a strict exercise
programme. A usual training session for me would (12) of thirty minutes in the
weight room, thirty minutes doing different exercises and then three hours’ straight
swimming. I have to be (13) of my diet so that it is a healthy and balanced one. I
will (14) ready to set a record in something that has never been (15)
before and which someone will have difficulty in breaking.
1. A. feel B. regard C. sense D. propose
2. A. quite B. such C. rather D. so
3. A. and B. but C. as well as D. because
4. A. prize B. work C. duty D. achievement
5. A. moved B. paased C. crossed D. run
6. A. forming B. willing C. agreeing D. hoping
7. A. give B. raise C. save D. contribute
8. A. in favour B. interested C. thinking D. keen
9. A. across B. through C. over D. along

0
10. A. time B. respect C. order D. regard
11. A. cut B. carry C. clear D. check
12. A. consist B. spend G. amount D. have
13. A. capable B. accustomed C. enthusiastic D. conscious
14. A. have B. be C. do D. try
15. A. given B. made C. done D. kept

138 A GREAT SUPPORTER

Jim Stopford is a man who can hardly read or write, but talks with a great deal (1)
feeling for something that he has (2) his life to. He gives talks to a (3)
number of children every year on lizards, snakes, tortoises, turtles and (4)
crocodiles so that they can u nderstand what a(n) t5) part of the animal
world this species is. He has set (6) a free rescue service where trained people
are ready to (7) anyone who has been bitten by a snake. a good number of people
have also been trained to catch poisonous snakes. Jim, who (8) in Sydney, goes to
many schools giving talks and showing the children his snakes. He (9)
the snakes' habitat, what they eat and how they move. He is now preparing a
book (10) this subject. He believes that snakes should be (11) because
they are dying out. He (12) believes that if snakes are (13) alone they
will not harm anyone. (14) Australia has the greatest nu mber of poisonous
snakes on the planet, he has always (15) people to be careful when they see one.
1. A. about B. off C. with D. of
2. A. taken B. given C. seen D. spent
3. A. many B. lot C. much D. large
4. A. surely B. even C. undoubtedly D. probably
5. A. usual B. proper C. important D. specific
6. A. up B. about C. out D. off
7. A. provide B. give C. organise D. help
8. A. lives B. stays C. settles D. remains
9. A. draws B. shows C. describes D. tells
10. A. on B. of C. by D. for
11. A. cared B. protected C. guaranteed D. favoured
12. A. apart from B. besides C. too D. also
13. A. left B. undisturbed C. departed D. moved
14. A. While B. Since C. Although D. Despite
15. A. claimed B. suggested C. advised D. eiplained

When David Livingstone arrived in this part of Africa in the l850s he asked the
name of the great stretch of (1) water. He was told it was called “nyasa”, which

10
means “lake”. So the lake became (2) as Lake Nyasa (Lake Lake) and the
country as Nyasaiand. When the country became independent in 1964 the new
Republic chose the name of Malawi.
Lake Malawi (3) nearly 24,000 square kilometres , about one-fifth of the total
(4) of the Republic of Maiawi. The lake (5) 473 metres above sea (6)
in the deep valley which stretches the length of the country. Wide grassy plains
(7) the valley on both sides and the (8) round the lake is spectacular.
The water is fresh and there are no tides or currents. The lake contains over 220
varieties of fish, the (9) of which are not found anywhere else in the world.
There are also crocodiles, but these generally keep away from (10) areas.
Lake Malawi has a constantly changing character t11) on the time of the
day, the weather and the tl2) . One moment the water may be as (l3) as
silk and then suddenly waves seven metres high can beat against the (14) . It is
generally calmest from March to May, and the temperature never (15) below
21°C.. The area has a partieularly low annual rainfall.
1. A. inner B. inland C. interior D. internal
2. A. known B. considered C. called D. named
3. A. contains B. crosses C. covers D. includes
4. A. district B. territory C. region D. state
5. A. exists B. lays C. rests D. lies
6. A. height B. position C. level D. surface
7. A. overlook B. overflow C. overcome D. oveétake
8. A. environment B. vision C. sight D. scenery
9. A. chief B. rest C. majority D. whole
10. A. inhabited B. lived C. lodged D. occupied
11. A. based B. depending C. counting D. determined
12. A. occasion B. period C. term D. seaRon
13. A. even B. flat C. smooth D. steady
14. A. banks B. borders C. coasts D. shores
l5. A. drops B. depresses C. decreases D. lowers

140 AN ACTING CAREER

My younger sister is a potential star of stage and screen, or at least that’s what she
tells me. Last week she had an II) . It was for the (2) of Juliet in
Shakespeare's Romeo and ‹rafter. It sent well and she starts (3) next week. This
is the first (4) that she has been in, but she’s done quite a lot of TV (5)
work and she’s also been in a couple of films. The last film she was in was called The
Mogiciort. It was set in ancient Egypt and she was in a crowd (6) with
thousands of other people. When I went to see it I sat in the front (7) so that I
could see the (8) really clearly, but I still couldn’t pick out my sister in the

1
crowd. She says the (9) was one of the best professionals she has worked with
but I must say the (10) seemed a bit stupid to me. It was all (11) a very
clever magician who had managed to travel back through time to the court of
Tutankhamen. The t12) were magnificent and so were some of the sets but
having an actor saying (13) in present day American English just didn’t work.
The (14) was really ridiculous. The magician got accidentally buried with
Tutankhamen. funnily enough, the rest of the (15) seemed to have rather
enjoyed the film.
1. A. audition B. interview C. trial D. test
2. A. job B. position C. part D. post
3. A. rehearsals B. practices C. exercises D. training sessions
4. A. game B. activity C. theatre D. play
5. A. publicity B. advertising C. propaganda D. display
6. A. scenery B. view C. scene D. spot
7. A. row B. queue C. file D. line
8. A. board B. curtain C. blind D. screen
9. A. conductor B. director C. chief D. master
10. A. plot B. argument C. dialogue D. letters
11. A. on B. over C. about D. concerning
12. A. dressings B. cloths C. customs D. costumes
13. A. scripts B. lines C. plays D. readings
14. A. final B. culmination C. ending D. end
15. A. public B. audience C. spectators D. viewers

141 A YOUNG BUSINESSMAN

Although he is only 12, James Harries has his own antiques business and a flower
shop. “James has a good eye for a (1) ,” says his mother. “He was only 8 when
he bought that for 5p.” She points to a china statuette (2) £4,000. “James gets
most of his (3) of antiques from ju mble sales. Last year he bought a necklace for
l0p which turned (4) to be (5) . He sold it for £8,000.”
James didn't (6) on at school so his parents (7) a private tutor.
“Other children think I am strange because I (8) my own living and I don’t
want to (9) in their games.”
James explains the success of his flower shop: “My prices have (10) less than
those of my competitors this year. Also I’ve got a special offer for wedding parties. I
give them a Rolls-Royce for the day if they spend more than £100 on flowers. My
employees don’t particularly ]ike working for a 12-year-old, but I pay their 111)
so they can’t complain!” With his high (12) , James could (13) many
luxuries, but he prefers to save his money. “I (14) as much as I can. I have a lot
of plans for the future and I will need to be rich to (15) them out.”

1
1. A. reduction B. bonus C. discount D. bargain
2. A. worth B. on behalf of C. over D. on account of
3. A. property B. variety C. store D. stock
4. A. down B. out C. up D. irito
5. A. expensive B. rich C. worthwhile D. valuable
6. A. catch B. get C. hang D. hold
7. A. adopted B. bought C. hired D. rented
8. A. earn B. gain C. have D. win
9. A. break B. bring C. join D. call
10. A. risen B. lifted C. raised D. grown
11. A. fees B. wages C. tips D. rewards
12. A. income B. capital C. credit D. benefit
13. A. pay B. invest C. afford D. spend
14. A. count up B. put aside C. keep back D sort out
15. A. make B. draw C. carry D. pick

142 THE LIFE OF A COUNTRY VET

Don Strange, who works as a vet in northern England leads a busy life. As well as
having to (1) pets which are unwell, he often visits farms where problems of
various kinds (21 him. He has lost 13) of the number or times he has
been called out at midnight to give (4) to a farmer with sick sheep or cows.
Recently a television company chose Don as the (5) of a documentary
programme it was t6) about the life of a country vet. The programme showed
the difficult situations Don (7) every day, such as helping a cow to give birth, or
winning the trust of an aggressive dog which needs an injection. Not all of Don’s
patents are domestic animals, (8) , and in the programme people saw him
helping an owl which had a damaged wing. lt also showed Don (9) a meeting
with villagers concerned about the damage a new road might do to their (10)
environment.
(11) loved the documentary and, overnight, Don became a household 112)
, known to millions of people. He continues to receive t13) numbers of
letters which made a real (14) _ on him, especially those from teenagers who have
made the important decision to become vets themselves as a 115) of seeing the
programme.
1. A. deal B. fix C. treat D. solve
2. A. appeal B. expect C. demand D. await
3. A. count B. memory C. score D. patience
4. A. suggestion B. warning G. advice D. recommendation
5. A. feature B. subject C. case D. character
6. A. doing- B. getting C. giving D. making

1
7. A. greets B. faces C. copes D. stands
8. A. although B. therefore C. yet D. however
9. A. holding B. keeping C. carrying D. taking
10. A. nearby B. local C. area D. close
11. A. Onlookers B. Watchers C. Spectators D. Viewers
12. A. name B. word C. fame D. star
13. A. great B. wide C. large D. long
14. A. effect B. impression C. emotion D. in fluenee
15. A. response B. product C. result D. profit

143
My wife Penny and I are recovering from weekend visitors. Don’t misunderstand
me — we enjoy company and love to Hi our friends and relatives. But not this
time. Fred and Kate were old friends from our college t2) . So you would think
we would have a fairly (3) idea what sort of people they were, even though we
hadn’t seen them for (4) years.
We soon discovered, unfortunately that our lives had (5) vety different
directions. Penny and I have two small children. Delightful but (6) , they dictate
the style of our life. t7) many other young couples, we find weekends are a
matter of trying to snatch a few moments of relaxation in between catching up with all
the t8J
Kate and Fred (9) more money than us, they work longer hours, and they
110) their leisure time to be just that, leisure. The (11) tiring thing Fred
does on a Sunday is to walk up the road to the (121 newsagent. To be ( 13)
, Kate wasn’t as bad as Fred. But she wasn’t much better.
By the time they left, Penny and I were exhausted. We’d cooked, served and cleared
up six meals without 'a (14) offer of help. We didn’t know whether to laugh or
cry. Luckily we (15) to laugh.
1. A. receive B. visit C. entertain D. host
2. A. terms B. ages C. times D. days
3. A. fine B. good C. strong D. right
4. A. numerous B. plenty C. passing D. several
5. A. chosen B. left C. taken D. had
6. A. tiring B. tired C. amused D. amusing
7. A. As B. Like C. Similar D. Same
8. A. housework B. housekeeping C. household D. homework
9. A. gain B. earn C. fetch D. bring
10. A. intend B. insist C. expect D. rely
11. A. more B. very C. almost D. most
12. A. local B. ncighboui-ing C. near D. district

1
13. 'A. true B. fair C. real D. straight
14. A. lonely B. unique C. alone D. single
15. A. managed B. succeeded C. reached D. achieved

144 BALLOON ADVENTURE

Brian Jones is the British half of the first team to go round the world in a balloon. He
and his Swir s co-pilot have written an account of the 19-day expedition they (1)
in March 1999. It was an astonishing triumph. Nobody (2) them to
finish the voyage. They (3) with poisonous fumes, temperatures of minus 50
degrees Celsius and an Atlantic crossing with (4) any fuel.
Fourteen years t5) , Brian was a reasonably successful businessman, (6)
he tired of his furniture business and (7) to buy a balloon. Before long
he was one of the country’s (8) balloon instructors and pilots. Why did he risk
everything for one trip? He says he was not a very confident child: “At seven a friend
(9) me to go down a water slide. I still (10) being absolutely terrified.
I couldn’t swim and I have never learnt to swim properly.” He thinks everyone
should face their greatest Ill) and that is one reason why he went up in
the balloon. Six of the 19 days they were (12) the air were spent (13)
at the Pacific Ocean — 8,000 miles of water. Brian says he won’t (14)
to do it again because there are so many other things he ll5J
to do.
1. A. completed B. succeeded C. performed D. followed
2. A. admitted B. hoped C. intended D. expected
3. A. put up B. got along C. kept up D. did away
4. A. almost B. hardly C. quite D. rather
5. A. after B. since C. ago D. past
6. A. so B. although C. since D. but
7. A. thought B. derided C. afforded D. considered
8. A. unique B. preferable C. suitable D. leading
9. A. demanded B. threatened C. dared D. wished
10. A. forget B. remember C. remind D. regret
11. A. fears B. suspicions C. disturbances D. frights
12. A. on B. to C. by D. in
13. A. watching B. observing C. staring D. seeing
14. A. attempt B. imagine C. delay D. suggest
l5. A. fancies B. wants C. enjoys D. appreciates

145 THE EARLY RAILWAY IN BnITAIN

In 1830, there were under 100 miles of public railway in Britain. Yet within 20
years, this figure had grown to more than 5,000 miles. By the end of the century,

11
almost enough rail track to (1) the world covered this small island, 12)

1
the nature of travel for ever and contributing to the industrial revolution that changed
the (3) of history in many parts of the world.
Wherever railways were introduced, economic and social progress quickly (4)
. In a single day, rail passengers could travel hundreds of miles, (5) previous
journey times by huge margins and bringing rapid travel within the (6) of
ordinary people. Previously, many people had never ventured l7) the outskirts
of their towns and villages. The railway brought them (8) freedom and
enlightenment.
In the 19th century, the railway in Brittain (9) something more than just the
business of carrying goods and passengers. Trains were associated with romance,
adventure and, frequently, (10) luxury. The great steam locomotives that
thundered across the land were the jet airliners of their (11) , carrying
passengers in comfort over vast distances in unimaginably short times. But the
railways (12) more than revolutionise travel; they also (13) a distinctive
and permanent mark on the British landscape. Whole towns and industrial centres
t14) up around major rail junctions, monumental bridges and viaducts crossed
rivers and valleys and the railway stations themselves became (15) places to
spend time between journeys.
1. A. revolve B. enclose G. orbit D. encircle
2. A. adapting B. amending C. altering D. adjusting
3. A. course B. way C. line D. route
4. A. pursued B. followed C. succeeded D. chased
5. A. cutting B. subtracting C. cancelling D. abolishing
6. A. capacity B. reach C. facility D. hold
7. A. further B. over C. above D. beyond
8. A. larger B. higher C. greater D. bigger
9. A. represented B. functioned C. served D. performed
10. A. generous B. considerable. C. plentiful D. sizeable
11. A. date B. stage C. day D. phase
12. A. caused B. turned C. produced D. did
13. A. laid B. set C. left D. settled
14, A. jumped B. stood C. burst D. sprang
15. A. preferable B. desirable C. liked D. wanted

146 WE REALLY CAN TELL IF WE ARE BEING WATCHED

Stories about how people somehow know when they arc being watched have been
going around for years. However, few attempts have been made to investigate the
phenomenon scientifically. Now, with the completion of the largest ever study of the so-
called staring effect, there is impressive evidence that this is a recognisable and
(1) sixth sense. The study (2) hundreds of children. For the experiments,

11
they sat with their eyes (3) so they could not see, and with their backs to other
children, who were told to either stare at them or look away. Time and time again the
results showed that the children who could not see were able to (4) when they
were being stared at. In a (5) of more than 18,000 trials (6) worldwide,
the children (7) sensed when they were being watched almost 70‘7o of the time.
The experiment was repeated with the (8) precaution of putting the children
who were being watched outside the room, (9) from the starers by the windows.
This was done just in case there was some (10) going on with the children
telling each other whether they were looking or not. This (11) the possibility of
sounds being (12) between the children. The results, though less impressive,
were more or less the same. Dr Sheldrake, the biologist who designed the study,
believes that the results are (13) enough to find out through further
experiments (14) how the staring effect might actually (15)
1. A. genuine B. accepted C. received D. sure
2. A. comprised B. contained C. involved D. enclosed
3. A. shaded B. covered C. masked D. wrapped
4. A. find B. notice C. reveal D. tell
5. A. sum B. collection C. total D. mass
6. A. worked over B. carried out C. carried on D. worked through
7. A. thoroughly B. exactly C. correctly D. perfectly
8. A. added B. attached C. connected D. increased
9. A. parted B. separated C. split D. divided
10. A. pretending B. lying C. deceiving D. cheating
11. A. prevented B. omitted C. evaded D. ended
12. A. delivered B. transmitted C. transported D. distributed
13. A. satisfying B, persuading C. concluding D. convincing
14. A. precisely B. carefully C. definitely D. really
15. A. set out B. be looked at C. come about D. be held up

147 MARRAKECH
Where can you go in January for almost guaranteed sunshine — without travelling
for most of the day to get there? The answer is Marrakech in Morocco, a four-hour (1)
from Britain, where the (2) temperature is a pleasant 66°F.
Marrakech is a city of (3) beauty, with its pink buildings and green palm
trees contrasting with the snow-covered (4) of the Atlas Mountains in the
distance. For tourists, there’s the added attraction of excellent food at reasonable
prices and high quality accommodation, such as Hotel La Momounia, (5) as one
of the top hotels in the world.
(6) Marrakech is one of Morocco’s busiest and most modern cities, the influence
of the Middle Ages is still very evident. (7) can admire the battlements, towers and

1
mosques, which were i›uilt (8) centuries ago. And forget abou t shopping malls —
for perfumes, fabrics, antiques, spices and crafts, (9) the “souks”, open-air market-
places where you’ll almost (10) find something to take back home.
For those who want to (11) sport Marrakech has plenty to offer. (12)
golf and ten nis, there is also skiing on the slopes of the High Atlas Moun tains, where
the (13) of the surrounding area are quite spectacular. Altern atively, you could
just relax 114) a heated swimming pool and dream (15) your n’ext visit.
1. A. flight B. trip C. travel D. voyage
2. A. middle B. average C. ordinary D. medium
3. A. big B. high C. extremely D. great
4. A. peaks B. hills C. heads D. surfaces
5. A. thought B. believed C. regarded D. judged
6. A. Although B. However C. Despite D. Because
7. A. Spectators B. Viewers C. Sightseers D. Onlookers
8. A. plenty B. several C. often D. all
9. A. work out B. put u p with C. make up for D. head for
10. A. likely B. probably C. certainly D. possibly
11. A. going B. practise C. practice D. do
12. A. As well B. More than C. In addition to D. Moreover
13. A. sights B. overlooks C. visions D. views
14. A. next B. by C. you rself D. yo u
15. A. of B. on C. with D. at

148 LONDON — THE STUDENT’S CAPITAL?

London is the city which seems to draw people like a magnet from across the
country every year, not to (1) from around the world. London is cool,
fashionable and multi-cultural. For the (2) student, it is the most
incredible arts, academic and entertainment Mecca.
London is one of the few real student capitals of the world. Despite the grime, the (3i
costs, the troublesome transport system and the t4) sensation of living
with eight million people, students (5) to the city’s universities.
However, rents are cheap, with students paying around £75 a week for a room in a (6)
house. Halls of (7) arc a little over this price — but of co urse inclu de
meals and (8)
Work is plentiful at the moment though, so a part-time job should be easy (9)
across, and there are all sorts of graduate (10) with the best (11) of pay
in the country. The London institutions try to play (12) the cost of (13)
so as not to (14) off future students, but there is no doubt about it, London
costs money and you will be looking at a sizable (15) on graduating.

1
1.
A.say B. mention C. utter D. include
2.
A. budding B. bidding C. blooming D. blithering
3.
A. peak B. money C. high D. extreme
4.
A. overestimated B. overawed C. overloaded D. overwhelming
5.
A.stem B. wave C. flock D. pounce
6 A. divided B. parted C. separated D. shared
7.
A. wards B. residence .C. dormitories D. accommodation
8.
A. invoices B. costs C. bills D. receipts
9.
A.come B.get C.do D. put
10.
A. chances B. possibilities C. occasions D. opportunities
11.
A. rates B. terms C. conditions D. means
12.
A. tip B. at C. down D. out
13.
A.life B.living C.live D. livelihood
14.
A. set B. run C. write D put
15.
A. debt B. increase C. balance gain
D

149 NEREA DE CLIFFono

Nerea de Clifford, who has died aged 82, was a doughty champion of British cats
and a pillar of The Cat Protection League which she (1) shortly after its
foundation in 1927 and served as president from the 1970s until the time of her death.
Among her many (2) to the welfare of cats — and to our knowledge of their
way — were the establishment of a sanctuary for them at New Malden, and the
publication of such report as What British Cats Think About Television, in which she
noted that “most vats (3) an interest of some kind, though it is often of
hostility”; “a significant reaction ... is the display of excitement when any picture,
especially of birds, moves quickly across the (4) ”
Nerea Elizabeth de Clifford was born West London in 1905, and as a young woman
was a distinguished (5) of cats. During the Second World War she devoted
herself to the rescue of cats, trapped in the rubble of the blitz, and 16) to
vigorous campaigns for free feline birth (7)
She (8) an adoption scheme for which her “Homes Wanted” list contained
some notably frank character (9) — a little fiend in feline form”; “willing to do
light mouse-work and very good at it, non-union”; “a rough old (10 i “, and so on
— and made a (11) of feeding London’s cats at Christmas, a favourite repast
apparently being fish and chips. She also plu mbed the mysteries of why cats (12)
— some because they have just murdered the Pekinese next door, others “for no
good (13) at all”.
De Clifford was also a much respected (14) at cat shows around the country,
and gave a series of lecture tours at schools on the (l5) and care of cats.

1
1. A. met B. enrolled C. entered D. joined
2. A. donations B. contributions C. gifts D. dedications
3. A. show B. give C. make D. have
4. A. box B. screen C. film D. view
5. A. breeder B. grower C. trainer D. farmer
6. A. therein B. thereafter C. thereby D. therefore
7. A. limitation B. check C. control D. restriction
8. A. ran B. made C. held D. gave
9. A. paintings B. drawings C. pictures D. sketches
10. A. drifter B. ranger C. stray D. rover
11. A. point B. rule C. round D. custom
12. A. snore B. hum C. rumble D. purr
13. A. purpose B. use C. reason D. point
14. A. referee B. judge C. arbitrator D. umpire
15. A. coaching B. guidance C. training D. preparation

150 A WEDDING CONSULTANT

The idea for the business came to me when I was (1) for my own wedding in
the (2) 1990s. At the time I was doing a (3) in business studies at
university and I had (4) di fficu Ity concentrating on both things at once.
Almost immediately after graduating I borrowed some money from the bank and (5)
up the wedding consultancy. My work (6) organizing everything from
pre-wedding stag and hen parties to the booking of venues, caterers, photographers
and cars. Some (7) have neither the time nor the inclination to make any of the
necessary arrangements for their wedding and they ask me to take (8) of
absolute]y everything. For many clients I (9) the role of big sister, guiding them
through the whole process, giving (10) on different aspects of the wedding and
reassuring them that everything is under control.
I can be working on as (11) as five weddings at the same time, and as each
big day approaches I need to work very long (12) to ensure things go sm oothly.
Naturally, everyone wants their wedding to be special and nearly all want something
(13) . I’ve organized weddings in monasteries, weddings in castles and (14)
weddings on boats or trains. Making people’s dreams come true is a wonderful
way to (15) a living.
1. A. preparing B. arranging C. organizing D. appointing
2. A. first B. beginning C. early D. soon
3. A. career B. degree C. title D. study
4. A. important B. large C. grand D. considerable
5. A. got B. made C. set D. formed
6. A. involves B. consists C. pretends D. contains

1
7. A. pairs B. couples C. doubles D. partnerships
8. A. care B. attention C. mind D. guard
9. A. do B. make C. play D. give
10. A. suggestion B. interest C. insight D. advice
11. A. several B. many C. various D. numerous
12. A. time B. day C. shifts D. hours
13. A. unlike B. single C. unique D. only
14. A. just B. until C. towards D. even
15. A. earn B. take C. do D. win

151 A CALL FOR I-fELP

When a group of church-goers turned up for their regular (1) evening church
service in the village of Ashurst last Tuesday, they had no idea what was (2)
to happen to
them.
(3) after the service had begun, a sudden (4) of wind ca ugh t the
heavy church door, (5) it to shut and lock.
(6) themselves trapped inside without a key, the imprisoned worshippers
used the church’s 200 year-old bells to sound an SOS signal, hoping to (7) the
attention of their fellow villagers. The bells had not been rung for quite a (8) of
years.
Kate Pickering, 75, said afterwards: “(9) we all thought it was quite
amusing, and we had a good laugh about it, but after a while we began to (10) it
was not so funny. lt was actually quite 111) .”
It was Angus Barclay, 39, who (12) the idea of using Morse Code. He said:
“The bulls are rather heavy so we (13) turns to pull on the ropes. We gave three
long rings, followed by three short ones and then three long ones again.”
Unfortunately, (14) of the village’s 255 inhabitants understood the signal.
The church-goers were eventually freed after Mr Barclay (15) to climb up to the
top of the bell tower and call for help. A passing cyclist heard his shouts and contacted
the police.

1. A. soon B. start C. first D. early

2 A.around B. ahead C. about D. away
3. A. Exactly B. Shortly C. Hardly D. Justly
4. A. gust B. current C. gale D. breeze
5. A. making B. causing C. provoking D. letting
6. A. Setting B. Being C. Having D. Finding
7. A. attract B. pay C. invite D. bring
8. A. few B. quantity C. number D. variety
9. A. Firstly B. At first C. First of all D. For a start
10. A. regard B. concern C. judge D. realize
11. A. frightening B. terrific C. scared D. afraid
12. A. got up to B. made up for C. came up with D. owned up to
13. A. took B. gave C. made D. did
14. A. anybody B. any C. nobody D. none
15. A. succeeded B. managed C. arrived D. achieved

152 LOCAL HERO

Seven year old Samantha Green is a local hero after rescuing an eleven year old boy
from an icy death. Local schoolchildren always look II) to the harsh months of
January and February when they can go “chugging” — children’s t2) for skating
on the frozen lake at a nearby disused quarry. (3) the warnings of teachers,
parents arid the police, it seems no one can (4) them n ot to skate on its surface.
Children seem drawn to this (5) pastime precisely because of its dangers. Even
though they are (6) of the dangers there have been a great (7) of
accidents involving youngsters. Last Sunday afternoon was sunny b ut Martin Green
(8) no notice of the change in the weather. 19) had he taken six or seven
steps in his new skates, when be fell through the ice. Samantha and her friends wore
(10) their way home when she heard his cries. Knowing it was ( 11) for
the ice to crack further, she crawled towards him on her hands and knees. “I was
feeling cold and very (12) by this time” Malcolm told us, “and I knew that if I
passed 113) that was it. Fortunately, Samantha got to me just in time.”
Samantha and her friends dragged him to safety by (14) of a rope made from
their scarves. Many locals believe jt is time the council (15) in the quarry.
1. A. up B. In C. through D. forwm d
2. A. jargon B. s!ang C. dialect D. language
3. A. However B. Even C. Although D. Despite
4. A. make B. prevent C. persuade D. discourage
5. A. deathly B. deadly C. fatally D. hardly
6. A. aware B. familiar C. willing D. acceptable
7. A. quantity B. deal C. amount D. number
8. A. took B. made C. did D. had
9. A. Just B. Almost C. Hardly D. Seldom
10. A. taking B. making C. walking D. having
11. A. likelihood B. likely C. possible D. risky
12. A. sleepy B. sleeping C. sleepless D. asleep
13. A. off B. out C. away D. over
14. A. method B. use C. way D. means
15. A. filled B. complete C. prohibited D. dumped

1
 REUNITED TWINS
The relative importance of upbringin g and genes is often discussed. The study of
twins provides us with (1) fascinating results. Darlene and Doris Hewitt’s
parents were f2) when they were tiny. For (3) reason they were adopted
by separate families. Darlene was (4) on one of the most (5) sheep farms
you could imagine, while Doris was brought up in Sydney. Strangely enough, Darlene's
(6) seems to have been happier, as Doris’s in a smart (7) wan strict. (8)
by chance, the twins bumped into each other in a department store. 'It was just
(9) looking into a mirror,’ Darlene said. When it was (10) that they had
exactly the same birthday they realised the truth. They both have the same (11)
character and are rather (12) from a love of good food. Both trained as nurses
and married husbands called Bob. They (13) many of the same gestures. ror
instance they both rub their noses when they are thinking 114) . They believe
that they must (15) the parents they never knew.

I. A. very B. extremely C. much D. obviously

2. A. vanished B. died C. killed D. disappeared
3. A. one B. some C. a D. any
4. A. lifted B. risen C. elevated D. raised
5. A. remote B. alone C. sole D. solitary
6. A. childlike B. childhood C. childish D. children
7. A. suburb B. outskirts C. outside D. edge
8. A. Almost B. Nearly C. Quite D. Rather
9. A. likeness B. alike C. as D. like
10. A. came across B. located C. discovered D. looked for
II. A. live B. lively C. alive D. living
12. A. frail B. slim C. weight D. plump
13. A. divide B. split C. share D. lend
14. A. hard B. lot C. hardly D. a lot of
15. A. take off B. look after C. look into D. take after

A LUCKY DISCOVERY
European rulers were passionate collectors of porcelain. It was so sough t after and
commanded (1) high prices it was known as white gold. Frederick the Great of
Germany (2) himsett" be t3) into partin g with three Oriental vases in
exchange for a regiment of Augus bus the Strong of Poland’s soldiers. Although
porcelain was produced in both France and Germany, at the (4) factories at
Dresden and Vincennes, it used to be made from soft l5) than hard paste. In
1710, quite by (61 , a German alchemist called Bottger who had been (7)
a way of producing gold (8 the right combination of (9) — including
kaolin, a fine white clay — to produce a hard paste porcelain which could not be told

1
(101 from the Oriental version. After this discovery the Meissen factory produced
absolutely (11) porcelain although its workers were kept (12) prisoners, not
being considered sufficiently (l3J to live freely. The French (14) years to
come up with a similar process and it wasn’t (15) the necessary kaolin deposits were
found that the Sevres factory could start hard paste production in 1768.
1. A. very B. such C. really D. so
2. A. made B. allowed C. let D. permitted
3. A. convinced B. persuaded C. suggested D. advised
4. A. competition B. enemy C. rival D. competitive
5. A. rather B. substitute C. instead D. prefer
6. A. fate B. destiny C. lucky D. chance
7. A. looking B. seeking C. finding D. searching
8. A. came across B. came to C. came into D. came
9. A. recipes B. receipts C. ingredients D. methods
10. A. different B. aside C. away D. apart
11. A. delightful B. fine C. pretty D. normal
12. A. almost B. nearly C. quite D virtual
13. A. trustworthy B. trusting C. trusty D trusted
14. A. wasted B. took C. lost D. spent
15. A. during B. before C. until D. once

155 TIPS FOR THE BROKEN-HEARTED

Almost everyone 11) a break-up of some sort when t hey are a yo ung adult
and it can take some time to (2) it. It is perfectly normal to feel 13)
and exen completely (4) . In fact, it can often (5J like
the feeling will never go away. But the truth is that broken hearts do mend! Experts in the
field offer some tips that can realIy make life more (6) . You can’t (7)
from a break-up if you don’t even try. To begin with, keep a
positive attitude. If you are 18) to feel so sorry for yourself, don’t. Look on the
bright side: you are free again to meet someon c new. Second, get come exercise. A
broken heart can (9) your body and your mind. Make sure you (10)
yourself You need to (11) and take it easy!
Third, find a new (12) , like a sport or a hobby. Finally, ( 131 friends and
family for support. They will almost certain ly have gone ( 14) similar
experiences and will try to help and undcrstand you. If you fo How this (15 ) ,
you’ll start feeling better very soon!
1. A. experiences B. entertains C. experiments D. exercises
2. A. get into B. overtake C. get over D. overdo
3. A. traumatic B. modest C. embarrassing D. humiliated
4. A. impolite B. miserab Ie C. horrifying D. scary
5. A. act B. seem C. sec D. sound
12
6. A. impulsive B. sympathetic C. bearable D. believable
7. A. recover B. relate C. suffer D. cause
8. A. caused B. tempted C. made D. depressed
9. A. fight B. tease C. upset D. got over
10. A. look up to B. look after C. take after D. put up with
11. A. annoy B. let down C. tolerate D. relax
12. A. interest B. argument C. concept D. issue
13. A. bring up B. turn to C. sort out D. look into
14. A. through B. into C. over D. to
15. A. reason B. relationship C. chance D. advice

156 DRITISH HOLIDAYMAKERS

The traditional British holiday at home is not dead. In fact, it could be making a
comeback. Because of worries abo ut (1) abroad, many British people have
decided to investigate (2) a lot closer to home. Popular t31 such as
Brighton in the south and Scarborough or Blackpool in the north h‹ive never really lost
their (4) . However, some seaside towns, which until recently have struggled,
are attracting more holidaymakers.
Once they get there, holidaymakers need to be able to get aro und. Whi Ie the car is
still preferred, the majority of tourists will try at least ono oth cr (5) of transport
during their (6) . Trains, for instan cc. Although few people wou Id choose to start
their two week break by taking the (7) train, a large nu mber of them will enjoy
the luxury of a restored wooden 18) on one of the many historical (9i in
operation around the country. And for those who do make it to the sea, many are
tempted by a (10) ride to nearby islands or a short 111) on a pleasure
boat. We may not be tempted by the prospect of a three-week (12) to exotic and
( 13) countries but our love of the sea is clearly not lost.
However, a quick look inside the (14) lounges of our major airports will
confirm that we arc stil1 queuing up in our thousands to (15) in for a l"1igh I in
search of the one thing the British Islcs cannot guarantee — sunshine.
1. A. travelling B. living C. leaving D. sailing
2. A. reports B. arrivals C. resorts D. cultures
3. A. ven u cs B. destinations C. directions D. excursions
4. A. growth B. fame C. popularity D. in habi
tants
5. A. means B. method C. way D. sort
6. A. day B. tourism C. journey D. holiday
7. A. direct B. express C. rapid D. delayed
8. A. carriage B. cabin C. car D. wagon
9. A. platforms B. runways C. rails D. railways
10. A. transport B. sail C. ferry D. ship

1
12
11. A. run B. cruise C. package D. ticket
12. A. flight B. sail C. voyage D. travel
13. A. long B. away C. further D. distant
14. A. going B. departure C. exit D. holiday
15. A. check B. register C. book D. go

157 ALFRED NOBEL

When we hear the name Nobel, we immediately think of the Nobel Prizes. But
Alfred Nobel, the (1) of the awards, was also a great (4) and (3)
Born in 1933 in Sweden, Nobel studied first in Russia and then (4) to the US
where he studied mechanical (5) . Afterwards, he rctu rned to Sweden to work
with his father. Gradually, they made (6) in
explosives. Nobel (7) out how to work safely with
nitroglycorin e, a very dangerous and explosive (8) . His
invention later became known (9 dynamite. Nobel continued th rough out his
life to (10) improvements in the field of explosives. He eventu ally own cd ( 11)
explosives factories around the world and became very wealthy.
Alfred Nobel was a man of groat ( 12) . When he died he left a wonderful gift
to the world: the Nobel Prizes. Each year those prizes are ( 13) to scientists,
inventors and other ( 14) people for their gycat ( 15 to the world.
1. A. creator B. holder C. discoverer D. receiver
2. A. philosophy B. engine C. scien t ist D. productio n
3. A. direction B. inventor C. maker D. invention
4. A. transm« d B. visited C. j‹iincd D. emigrated
5. A. engineering B. producing C. dovcl‹ipin g D. creatin g
6. A. directions B. movements C. motions D. advances
7. A. solved B. figu red C. granted D. introduced
8. A. shape B. form C. substance D. body
9. A. by B. as C. with D. for
10. A. do B. have C. take D. make
11. A. n u m crical B. n umerate C. n u moro us D. n u mbcred
12. A. ach ievement B. advantage C. situation D. incident
13. A suggested B. designed C. awarded D. implanted
14. A dcvcloped B. creative C. interested D. manageable
15. A involvtment h. dcvclopmen t C. man u factu ring D. contrib u tion

158 DECORATING A TEENAGER’S BEDnooM

In the past, the children of the household had very (l) choice in the way their
bedrooms were decorated. The fact that families had many 12) children than they
do now was an important consideration. This meant that there was ntit (3) money

1
available to pay for more than the basics — paint or wallpaper. Add to this the fact that
children of differing ages — and tastes — had to share a room and it is easy to see why,
when it (4) to decorating, not much though t was put into the job.
Times change, however, and now the amount spent on home decoratir+g and DIY is
15) at over £8 billion a year. Families have (6) greater spending power
and children have more of a voice; in other words, parents have to take notice (7i
what they want. What has become very clear is that most teenagers are aware
of the latest (8) and they' really do have a very good idea of the way they wan t
their personal space dec.orated. It is then up to their parents to help them achieve the
(9) they want.
Money is still going to be a consideration — 110) of course, you have recently
Ill) into a fortune. But there is a wide range of materials to choose from and it
really does pay to (12) arou nd. There are (13) available through on t the
year, so it can be done qui to (I 4) . Parents may argue thai. their child 's ch oices
are not appropriate, but it is the teenager who has to live with it, not them. A ftor all, if
the teenager I ls› ror a colour ter a material that th c parent eta nsiders
impractical, this can alw ays be discu seed !
1. A. few R. li ttlc C. poor D. bad
2. A. more B. extra C. lots D. ref
3. A. any B. ‹mmc C. mo re D. in uch
4. A. went B. said C. canto D. liccamc
5. A. claimed B. consi dcrod C. guessed D. estimated
6. A. created B. given C. acquired D. made
7. A. to B. of C. about D. front
8. A. models B. news C. trends D. sales
9. A. look B. view C. aspect D. sigh t
10. A. and B. but C. if D. unless
11. A. come B. gon c C, spent D. inherited
12. A. buy B. shop C. sell D. study
13. A. purchases B. incomes C. bargains D. markets
14. A. financially B. economically C. commercially D. profi tab ly
15. A. goes B. chooses C. thinks D. dccides

159 THE cIncus

Everybody loves the circus. For alm ost 300 years, across Europe, Russia and America,
children of all ages have been ( I) by the animals and acrobats tif the circus.
Th c fi rst circus was t2) in England in 1769 by Philip Astley, who performed
horse-riding stun ts for a s mall t31 . He then travelled th rr ughou I En rope and
established circuses in many other countries. The circu see usually took place in
outdoor areas in a circle or a ring 14) by (5) . The perform crs (6)
their audiences with exciting aerobatic acts und horse-rid in g (7)

12
 Circuses as we know them today are (8) displays— sometimes with several
tents — of wild animals and (9) acrobatics. The facilities consist of tents with
shows taking place at the same time, the 110) both amusing and (11)
their audiences. Some of the most t12) circuses in history which contin ue to be
extremely (13) today incl ude the American Barnum & Bailey Ringling Brothers
Circus, which (14) itself “The Greatest Show on Earth,” the Canadian Cirque
du Soleil, the Moscow Circus and Billy Smart’s Circus of London. Millions of people
(15) them around the world each year.
1. A. appealed B. enjoyed U. entertained D. laughed
2. A. set B. founded C. constructed D. manufactured
3. A. audience B. guest C. cast D. viewer
4. A. taken B. surrounded C. organised D. restricted
5. A. crowds B. hosts C. spectators D. characters
6. A. thrilled B. informed D. concerned D. kicked
7. A. theatres B. plays C. stages D. performances
8. A. infinite B. massive C'. eternal D. aivfu l
9. A. infuriated B. surprised C. incapable D. remarkable
10. A. guests B. athletes C. performers D. producers
11. A. frightening B. talking C. acting D. showing
12. A. known B. infamous C. n‹›torious D. fam‹ius
13. A. popular B. accepted C. common D. regular
14. A. says B. calls C. names D. tells
15. A. go B. stay C. take D. attend

160 HOLIDAYS IN SOUTH CAROLINA

Roaring across the bay in a motorisod rub ber boat, we were told by tho captain to
keep our eyes open. With the engine ( 1) , it wasn’t long before half a dozen
dolphins came swimming arou nd us. Eventu ally, two came up (2) beside the
boat and popped their heads on t of the water to give us a wide grin.
Dolphin watching is just one of the many unexpected attractions of a holiday in South
Carolina, in the USA. The state has long been popular with golfers and, with dozens of (3)
in the area, it is (4) a golfer's paradise. But oven the keenest golfer needs
other diversions and we soon found the resorts had plenty ter (5 i
In fact, Charleston, which is midway along the 161 , is one of the most
interesting cities in America and is wh crc the fi rst shots in -the Civil War were (7)
. Taking ñ guided horse and carriage £c›u r through the qu iot back streets you
get a real (8) of the cit '’s past. Strict regulations t9) to bu il dings so that
original (10) are preserved.
South of Charleston lies Hilton Head, an island resort about 18 km long and (11)
like a foot. It has a fantastic sandy beach ( 12) the length of the island

124
and this is perfect for all manner of water sports. (13) , if you feel like doing
nothing, (14) a chair and umbrella, head for an open l5) and just sit
back and watch the pelicans diving for fish.
1. A. turned out B. turned away C. turned off D. turned over
2. A. right B. direct C. precise D. exact
3. A. courts B. pitches C. grounds D. courses
4. A. fully B. truly C. honestly D. purely
5. A. show B. provide C. supply D. offer
6. A. beach B. sea C. coast D. shore
7. A. fired B. aimed C. pulled D. thrown
8. A. significance B. meaning C. comprehension D. sense
9. A. happen B. apply C. agree D. occur
10. A. points B. characters C. features D. aspects
11. A. shaped B. formed C. made D. moulded
12. A. lying B. following C. going D. running
13. A. Alternately B. Alternatively C. Contrastingly D. Conversely
14. A. hire B. lend C. charge D. loan
15. A. gap B. room C. space D. place

161 wzEnNA+IVE HOLIDAYS

The tl) of exotic holidays is not new. (2) and other travel packages to
tropical locations have long been popular and are more (3) now than ever. (4)
are increasingly (5) in doing something different and want more exciting
(6) so tour companies have responded with a new (7) of options,
including African safaris.
Going on safari is a totally (8) form of holiday. (9) by a safari guide,
groups travel into the African wilderness to tl0) close up the (11) of the
wild. t12) species, which are (13) seen outside the zoo, provide a great
(14) . Safaris aren’t for everyone, however — especially those who are easily 1151

1. A. concept B. context C. brainchild D. perfection

2 A. Decks B. Cabins C. Cruises D. Traffic
3 A. affordable B. sensitive fi. logical D. effective
4 A. Guides B. Spectators C. Guests D. Holidaymakers
S A. devoted B. interested C. keen D. capable
6 A. journey B. trip C. travel D. movement
7 A. collection B. mixture C. combination D. range
8 A. singular B. sole G. unique D. lone
9 A. Accompanied B. Delayed C. Accepted D. Developed
10 A. experiment B. experience C. attempt D. allow

12
11. A. scare B. fright C. trauma D. thrill
12 A. Environmental B. Endangered C. Extinct D. Obsolete
l3 A. gradually B. frequently C. only D. rarely
14 A. attraction B. event C. show D. invitation
l5 A. tempted B. frightened C. disgusted D. horrified

162 THE RADIO

While the television (1) is increasingly becoming the focal point of our living
rooms, it would be easy to (2) that its older relative, the radio is still there. But
in the rush to turn (3) the TV and feast our eyes on all those fantastic visual (4)
, we are missing out on a valu able (5) of comm unicatiori.
The radio has all the talk (6) , comedies, dramas and news (7) that
the television has, and more besides. Late night shows have 18i presenters to
keep you awake or send you to sleep, depending on you r needs. Hard -hitting reporters
(9) the hot items of the day with politicians and 1101 in specialised areas.
And behind the t11) th ei’e are researchers and editors making sure you get the
t12i up-to-date information.
With the new generation of digital radio about to enter our homes (13)
satellite, radio is sure to (14) to our lives well into the futu re. The radio of
tomorrow will guarantee perfect (15) and more choice of programme.
1. A. studio B. box C. channel D. set
2. A. insist B. notice C. forget D. suggest
3. A. up B. on C. off D. down
4. A. images B. pictures C. appearances D. looks
5. A. way B. direction C. approach D. means
6. A. events B. discussions C. shows D. performances
7. A. episodes B. bulletins C. documentaries D. breaks
8. A. likeable B. personal C. likely D. presentable
9. A. converse B. discuss C. correspond D. enth use
10. A. directors B. operators C. geniuses D. experts
11. A. scenes B. shots C. films D. camera
12. A. soonest B. greatest C. latest D. biggest
13. A. under B. via C. from D. in
14. A. give B. donate C. contribute D. lend
15. A. recital B. receipt C. recipe D. reception

163 SPORT - A WAY OF LIFE

Many people follow their interest in sport well beyond the occasional game in the
park. Some remain (1) forever while others become professionals. In both cases,

126
 athletes dedicated to the sporting life make a lot of t2) in their personal lives
and they (3) enormous challenges. Many start out alone, but end up joining a
14) and hiring a (5) . With a little luck, their hard work will (6) off!
Every serious athlete must establish a (7) of regular workouts and practice.
This (8) will help the athlete improve his or her abilities and (9) for the
future. Af hletes must take care to ( 10) themselves in their workou fi in order to
steer clear of injury and fatigue. This also helps them to avoid (11) in a real
game or competition.
' A lucky few will be awarded a professional (12) one day. Although the
professional life may (13) glamorous, it is also very (14) and is really
only for those who are (15) to a life of sports!
1. A. volunteers B. champions C. amateurs D. athletes
2. A. sacrifices B. practices C. suggestions D. rosen t.men
t
3. A. devote B. earn C. focus D. take on
4. A. performance B. club C. activ ity D. session
5. A. rival B. referee C. leader D. coach
6. A. pay B. run C. give D. take
7. A. design B. custom C. routine D. tradition
8. A. learning D. teaching C. testing D. training
9. A. events B. prospects C. actions D. beliefs
10. A. compete B. speed C. race D. pace
11. A. loss B. defeat C. beating D. debt
12. A. contract B. context C. contest D. contact
13. A. view B. appear C. watch D. see
14. A. begging B. requesting C. demanding D. asking
15. A. devoted B. focused C. keen D. determined

164 CIVIL SERVANTS

In countries around the world, there are literally millions of people who work for
the national and (1) government. From the post office to the office of the
President, civil servants keep the government's (2) running.
Many people would like to go for a civil service f3i and for good reason.
Government (4) usually enjoy a variety of (5) including health (6)
, paid holiday leave and (7) funds. They have good annual (8) , are
always paid extra for doing (9) and are sometimes even rewarded with bonuses
for making useful (10) !
Civil service jobs are usually (11) ; rarely are workers (12) redundant.
(13) who apply for a (l4) in the civil service must (15) in an application
form and pass an examination before they can be selected and appointed to a job.

12
1. A. topical B. nearby C. close D. local
2. A. officers B. services G. franchises D. research
3. A. career B. occupation C. accommodation D. commission
4. A. assistants B. bosses C. applicants D. employees
5. A. investments B. debts C. benefits D. experiences
6. A. wages B. service C. royalties D. insurance
7. A. rjchness B. pension C. wealth D. fortune
8. A. salaries B. takings C. winnings D. gifts
9. A. gigs B. functions C. overtime D. work
10. A. profits B. suggestions C. performances D. ideas
l1. A. permanent B. straightforward C. temporary D. freelance
12. A. taken B. done C. made D. forced
13. A. Applicants B. Strikers C. Trainees D. Managers
14. A. movement B. location C. motion D. position
15. A. write B. complete C. fill D. sign

165 CHILD PRODIGIES

Occasionally a young child with very advanced 11) abilities is admitted to
university. These children are of course (2) , or child prodigies. Typically, they
begin their l3) studies at university before they are fifteen years old. After
finishing their first (4) — they usually (5) it in a year or two — they
continue to do (6) studies in a specialised field of medicine or science. Many of
these talented youngsters receive t7) from very prestigious (8)
institutions to help pay for their studies.
Some of the older students dislike being (9) in seminars with a child prodigy.
They (10) it rather annoying when someone so young (11) at the subject
so easily while they (12) over their courses. Others, however, benefit from the
experience of (13) their subject with a child prodigy. The (14) who run
the seminars, however, generally enjoy having such gifted (15) !
1. A. co-educational B. illiterate C. academic D. theoretical
2 A. geniuses B. instructors C. coaches D. lecturers
3. A. comprehensive B. public C. prep D. undergraduate
4. A. skill B. degree C. certificate D. qualification
5. A. get down B. work out C. sail through D. set out
6. A. apprentice B. postgraduate C. technical D. practical
7. A. licences B. schedules C. services D. scholarships
8. A. educational B. learning C. instructive D. training
9. A. reviewed B. assessed C. taught D. reported
10. A. find B. search C. seek D. seem
11. A. achieves B. experiences C. enjoys D. excels

128
12. A. hesitate B. agonise C. reflect D. study
13. A. discussing B. chatting C. talking D. arguing
14. A. markers B. trainers C. tutors D. examiners
15. A. trainees B. employees C. apprentices D. students

166 SPORT IN PRISON

For all the arguments about prison, there is no getting (1) from the fact that
it exists. Once the judge and (2) have done their job, we have to (3)
thousands of men and women occupied until they are (4)
Sport is ideal (5) prisoners for many reasons. Being (6) punishes
people by taking away their freedom; just because Someone gets in (7) with the
law, we have no (8) to take away their health as well. Secondly, the 19)
that you feel when you are (10) up for a long prison (11) can make you
very anti-social and aggressive. The t12) thing we want is for people to come out
(13) ten years, or even ten months, and (14) up the first person they see.
Sport provides a way of controlling that (15d
1. A.away B.out C. back D. far
2. A.panel B.team C. jury D. board
3. A.hold B.store C. preserve D. keep
4. A. abandoned B. remanded C. released D. charged
5. A.to B.for C. in D. with
6. A. inwards B. indoors C. internal D. inside
7. A.mess B. trouble C. worry D. trial
8. A. right B. fairness C. justice D. demand
9. A. uniqueness B. remoteness C. isolation D. individuality
10. A. keyed B. broken C. closed D. locked
11. A. contract B. experience c. sentence D. course
12. A. best B. last C. final D. terminal
13. A. after B. before C. during D. over
14. A. hit B. beat C. mug D. fight
15. A. crime B. opportunity C. assault D. violence

167 GET AHEAD OF THAT HEADACHE!

Millions of people (1) from headaches. It’s a fact. What millions of people do not
know is what causes them. Headaches are t2) urith all kinds of health problems as
well as your being under a lot of (3) . Certain t4) like coffee can react badly
with the chemical balance in our bodies and give us (5) headache as well.
The best thing to do if your head hurts is to (6) an aspirin, right? Wrong!
You could be doing the worst thing possible because you are not t7) with the

1
problem — only (fi) the symptoms. And those people who think that painkillers
can't do you any (9) are also wrong. Medical science has proved that, if we keep
taking the tablets, they will soon (10) qs a "trigger" and, instead of curing your
headache, they will (11) you worse.
So what do you do (12) your head start to throb? Breathe deeply. It may be
that you are not (13) enough oxygen. Then, you (14) try massaging the
side of your head with your fingers. And close your eyes. Often your eyes are very
tired, and the best 115) for tiredness is sleep.
1. A. die B. suffer C. ache D. pain
2. A. associated B. caused C. produced D. based
3. A. fear B. worry C. stress D. anxiety
4. A. materials B. substances C. vitamins D. drugs
5. A. some B. one C. more D. a
6. A. take B. drink C. eat D. put
7. A. solving B. removing C. dealing D. treating
8. A. re-living B. relieving C. resolving D. reducing
9. A. badness B. negativity C. harm D. illness
10. A. act B. perform C. look D. treat
11. A. diagnose B. do C. create D. make
12. A. were B. ahould C. it D. whether
13. A. digesting B. nibbling C. getting D. plucking
14. A. must B. ought C. shail D. could
15. A. cure B. check-up C. prescription D. clinic

168 SPREADING TM WORD

When Hotmail was (1) up in 1996, it was not the huge success that it is
today. But on every e-mail sent (2) Hotmail, there was a line at the bottom
saying, “Get your private, free e-mail at hotmail.com," providing them (3) a free
advertisement. This simple idea soon paid (4) and Hotmail went from strength
to (5) . ICQ, which (6) for “I seek you” was an instant messaging service
that (7) off in a similar way and made a (8) . The popularity of ICQ
spread because users recommended it to their friends so that they could have people to
chat to online. The (9) majority of Internet users tried it and it was eventually
taken (10) by Netscape so (11) to control their competition.
These are examples of what is known as “viral” communication — so called because
the message spreads like a virus. It used to be (12) that Rolls Royce never needed to
advertise — despite (13) high cost of the luxury cars — because owners were more
than happy to teI1 their friends and neighbours how satisfied they were. Nowadays, if you
are (14) to the Internet, the word can be spread in a (15) second and, within
a day, you might have indirectly communicated with millions of people.

1
1. A. established B. laid C. begun D. set
2. A. into B. via C. inside D. along
3. A. with B. to C. for D. towards
4. A. up B. back C. off D. for
5. A. power B. energy C. force D. strength
6. A. sounds B. stands C. looks D. represents
7. A. took B. set C. let D. gave
8. A. wealth B. treasure C. fortune D. prosperity
9. A. vast B. huge C. immense D. big
10. A. round B. over C. under D. down
11. A. that B. because C. as D. much
12. A. said B. spoken C. explained D. repeated
13. A. very B. its C. a D. the
14. A. associated B. connected C. joined D. downloaded
15. A. divided B. half C. split D. fraction

169 HOW TO WRITE A BLOCKBUSTER

If you have ever finished reading the latest blockbuster and. thought that you could
have done better, consider (1) the following techniques.
Before you settle upon your subject (2) , be canny and examine the current
market. If period dramas are l3) a comeback, for example, consider that. genre
but with a unique (4) . Start by looking around you — in newspapers, on TV —
for stories and characters. Choose a genre and topic you feel comfortable with.
(5) research will add to the strength and depth of your writing and help you
(6) more confidence. Read 17) history books, biographies and travelogues
to immerse yourself in your chosen period and (8)
Once you have formulated your characters, possible storylines and locations, start
to sketch out (9) dialogues and (10) . Only then should you set (11)
writing the novel.
Once the novel is completed, you must find an agent. Many (12) publishers
will only consider submissions via an (13) agent and will largely ignore
unsolicited books. Again, research is the key. Look for an agent that (14) your
genre and style. Finally, do not forget that the book has to be marketed once it is
published, so you, the author, will become one of the novel's Unique Selling Points. It
helps if you and the book have a good story (15) you too.
1. A. accepting B. making C. adopting D. doing
2. A. theme B. issue C. topic D. matter
3. A. taking B. making C. having D. doing
4. A. turn B. spin C. twist D.spiral
5. A. Thorough B. Full C. Complete D. Entire
6. A. become B.win C. gain D. groW
1