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ccs t{o.7
TELEPHONE USBR PART

Table of Contents
5.0 Outline of TUP.

5.1 Label and service information octet.

5.2 Call routing and signaling J

5.3 Message heading. 5

5 4 Call Control Procedure

5.4.1 Call origination

5.4.2 T erminating analysis. 10

5.4.3 Conversation and call release 12

5 5 Some typical messages I4

5.5.1 Initial address message (IAM) I4
5.5 2 Address complete message (ACM). 19
5 5 3 Call supervision message (CSM) 20
5.5.4 Circuit supervision message 21
5.6 Speech Circuit Management 22
5.6. I Circuit Identification 22
5.6.2Dual Seizure and preventive actions 24

PREPARED BY C. KARUMA (2003)

EDTTED BY M. ;MUZEZEWA (2004)
TRAINING CONSULANT (SWITCHING)
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5. Chapter Objectives
The participant should be able to:
i. explain level 4 functions
2. Distinguish between level 4 and level3 messages
3. Explain call connection set up and release procedure
4" Explain how dual seizure of speech channels is prevented/minimized.

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5.0 Outline of TUP

The telephone User Part (TUP) is one of Level 4 Users in Signalling System No. 7. It
comprises functional procedures for the exchange of signaling messages related to
telephone application. These messages are exchanged through a signaling link. The
mode of transmission or routing of messages is separately defined in the Message
Transfer Part.

As shown in Fig. 5.1, the TIIP uses message transler services offered by the MTP. When
an office attempts to a call connection, the TUP of this office exchanges
establish
signaling messages with that of the remote office. Signalling messages contain
information related to the call set up and the condition of speech path. The TUP sends
the message to the signaling network function (Level 3) of MTP The MTP then selects a
route to the remote ofiice in the CCS network. The remote office's TUP receives the
signaling message from its signaling network function and the two TUPs communicate

with each other with the message transfer part being transparent to them.

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Telephone User Telephone User

Part (TUP) Levetl4
Part (TUP)

gnallin g message Signalling message

Signalling
Network Function
Message Transfer P ar|
yr:l Signalling
Network Function
l3

Signalling Link Signalling Link

Function l2 Function

I-eve
Signalling Data fll_ Signalling Data
Link Link

Fig. 5.1 Telephone Application in Signalling Systems No. 7

5.1 Label and service information octet

The TUP message consists of a Signalling Information Field (SIF) and a Service
Information Octet (SIO) This signaling information is generated by the TLIP of the
originating office. The SIF contains the label, heading code and one or more signals.
The structure of the label for telephone application is shown in Fig 52

First bit
transmitted

Fig. 5.2 Telephone User part Label

The Label is 40 bits long and comprises the Destination point code (Dpc), Originating
Point code (oPC) and circuit Identification code (cIC). The Dpc is the No. 7
signalling network identification number of the office where the message terminates.

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The OPC represents the office where the message is generated. The CIC indicates one
speech circuit from those directly interconnecting the destination and originating points.

When an office receives a signaling message, its level 3 checks if the message is to be
terminated at this office. Message termination is deduced from the DPC contained in the
message routing label. When receiving a terminating message, Level 3 transfers the
message to its user. Level 3 identifies the user to which a message belongs by analyzing
the lService Information Octet (SIO). The SIO comprises a Service Indicator (SI) and
Subservice Field (SSF). The SI denotes the type of user and for TUP it is assigned a
value of 4. The SSF distinguishes between signaling messages for national and
international network. The format of the SIo for the TUp is shown in Fig 5 3

DCBA 0100 First bit

SSF SI transm itted

Fig. 5.3 TUP Service Information Octet

5.2 Call routing and signaling

When Office A detects a call origination from its subscriber, it prepares to receive dial
digits (see Fig 5.a) Whenever a digit is received, it is analyzed and stored. The call
destination is determined when suflicient digits are received

When the Signalling System No. 7 is being used as the first route shown in Fig. 5.4, the
TUP function is activated. Signalling messages between Office A and Office B, are
transferred through the signaling link of the CCS Network. Otherwise, as in the
alternative route shown in Fig. 5.4, another Signalling Systems processing is activated.

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First route (S57)

CIC CIC:i

Signalling Link Signalling Link

CCS Network

Fig. 5.4 Call Routing and Signalling

The TUP is optimized for application using digital speech circuits. The Signalling System

No. 7 uses the signaling channel separated from the speech path. Therefore other
arrangements must be made to ensure continuity of the speech path. For the digital
speech circuit, continuity of the circuit is ensured by transmission quality supervision and

failure detection inherent in the digital system. No continuity check procedure is

necessary. However, the continuity check function is provided in the TUP for analog
speech circuit.

In establishing a call connection, signal information related to the call is exchanged

between the control equipment (processor) of the two offices. The signaling information
can be categorrzed into a supervisory signal and address signal.

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The supervisory signals carry information on the condition of a speech

circuit, such as
seizure of circuit, answer and release. The address signals carry inlormation
on the
connection pattern. Both supervisory and address signals are transferred
as message
packets.

The address signal information is usually transmitted in an enbloc mode. That

is; all
information pertaining to the routing of call is contained in one message.
However,
overlap sending of address information is also possible. In either case, post-dialing
delay
is much shorter than in an analog signaling system.

Because supervisory and address signals are sent separately through

a signaling link, the
design of the speech circuit is simplified. The speech circuit only
functions as a through
connection channel. It is therefore more efficient to apply bothway
operation for these
circuits.

5.3 Message heading

All TIIP messages are identified by a message heading. The message heading, which
comprises H0 and Hl codes, is sent after the label code of a
message signal unit.
Heading codes H0 and Hl each occupies the 4-bit field shown in Fig 5 5

Message dependent Heading

First bit
Information H1 HO Label transmitted

Figure 5.5 Message heading

The H0 code identifies a group of TLrp messages. Table 5.1

shows the message groups
defined by H0 and the messages defined by Hl codes.

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Table 5.1 Heading code Allocation

FAM FORWARD ADDRESS MESSAGE

IAM Initial address message
IAI Initial address message with additional information
SAM Subsequent address message
SAO Subsequent address message with one signal

FSM FORWARD SET-UP INFORMATION MESSAGE

GSM General forward set-up message
COT Continuity signal
CCF Continuity-failure signal

BSM BACKWARD SET-UP MESSAGE

GRQ General request message

SBM SUCCESSFUL BACKWARD SET-UP INFORMATION MESSAGE

ACM Address complete message

UBM UNSUCCESSFUL BACKWARD SET-UP INFORMATION MBSSAGE

SEC Switching-equipment-congestion signal
CGC Circuit-group -congestion signal
NNC National-network-congestion signal
ADI Address incomplete signal
CFL Call failure signal
SSB Subscriber busy signal
I.INN Unallocated nurnber srgnal

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LOS Line-out-of-servi ce signal

SST Send-special -informat]on tone signal
ACB Access barred signal
DPN pjgi!{ path not provided signal
MPR Misdialed trunk prefix ( cFL) by different ESS value
in EeS analysis)
SLI Interception service information message
ELM Extended Unsuccessful backward set-up Message

CSM CALL SUPERVISION MESSAGE

ANU Answer signal unqualified.
ANC Answer signal, charge
ANN Answer signal, no charge
CBK Clear-back signal
CLF Clear-forward signal
RAN Reanswer signal
FRL Forced-Release message
FOT Forward transfer signal
CCL Calling party clear signal

CCM CIRCUIT SUPERVISION MESSAGE

RLG Release-guard signal
BLO Blocking signal
BLA Blocking-acknowledgement signal
UBL Unblocking signal
UBA Unblocking-acknowledgement signal
CCR Continuity-check-request signal
RSC Reset-circuit signal
GRM CIRCUIT GROUP SUPERVISION MESSAGES
MGB Maintenance oriented group-blocking
MBA -.srug.
Maintenance oriented gtoup blo"ktn!-act nowtedgement
MGU message
Maintenance oriented group-unblo"t"ing
MUA *.rrug"
Maintenance oriented grolp unblogkird_
u.Lol*f.agement message
HGB Hardware failure oriented group blockirrg
HBA Hardware failure oriented, grorp uto"t itti--rrrug.
acknowledgement message
FIGU Hardware failure oriented group _unblocf, irrg
HUA _"., ug,
Hardware farlure oriented gtooi, unbro.r.-ffi-u"r."owledgement
GRS message
C^ircuit group reset message
GRA Circuit group reset-acknowledgement message
SGB Software generated group-blociing message

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SBA Software generated group blocking-acknowledgement message

SGU Softrvare generated group-unblocking message
SUA Software generated group unblocking-acknowledgement message

NFM NATIONAL FORWARD MESSAGE GROUP

OPR Operator signal
OFR Offering signal
CAN Oflering cancellation signal
REC Recalling signal

SFM1 SUBSCRIBER FACILITY MESSAGES I

N.B. (National forward message H0=1 100)
HLD Hold rnessage
EHL End of holding message
EHA End of hold acknowledgement message
ICR Trunk offering reset signal
TOS Trunk offering start signal
SNC Subscriber number changed message

NBM NATIONAL BACKWARD MESSAGE GROUP

FAN False answer signal ( AI.IN + CBK
N.B. Fl50 has BOM Bach,vard National option messqge H0:l100 qnd HI is MCP Malicious
Call (tracing) Pre s entation

SFM2 SUBSCRIBER FACILITY MESSAGES 2

MPM Meter pulse message

H0 1 0 1 0 and 1 0 i 1 are spare and reserved for international use but can be used on the national
network.
H0 1 100 to 111 I are spare and reserved for national use

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5. 4 Call Control Procedure

The call control procedure of a typical successful local call is shown below. The detailed
call control procedure varies according to the type of call connection and interworking
arrangements in the telephone network.

Office A Ofiice B

All digits dialled

Ringing current
answers

Conversation

clears
Time supervision
_f-
or A clears -|_

Fig. 5.6 Control Sequence

5.4.1 Call origination

Upon receiving an oflhook signal from subscriber A, dial tone is sent from the
originating office to subscriber A. The originating office then waits for dialed digits from
subscriber A (fig 5.7)

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When the originating omce receives a digit, it analyses the digit to determine the routing
of the call' The digit is then stored. The originating office then continues
to receive
more digits until routing of the call is determined.

After deciding the route, the signaling scheme adopted for exchanging call / circuit
information with the succeeding office is checked. In the Signalling
System No. 7
scheme, an idle speech circuit is hunted and reserved. The originating
office then waits
for the remaining digits to arrive.

When all digits required for the call setup are received, the originating
office edits an
Initial Address Message (IAM) The IAM contains all the digits (address
signals) to be
sent to the succeeding office and the category of subscriber
A. For a simple call between
two local offices connected by PCM channels, message indicator bits in IAM
are
typically set to zeros (table 5.3).
The address signal field contains the subscriber
number, the no-satellite circuit in the connection, the continuity-check
on the speech
circuit not required, the echo-suppressor not required, the call
is not an international
incoming call or a redirected call, the all digital speech path
through various transit
offices is not applicable, and the signaling with various transit
need not be Signalling
Systems No. 7.

A label is attached to the IAM before it is sent. The TUp function instructs
the MTp
function to send an IAM. The originating ofiice awaits response
from the terminating
office.
5,4.2 Terminatinganalysis

When the MTP function of the terminating office receives

an IAM, it reports the
received AIM event to the TUP function (see Fig. 5.8)
The IAM indicates implicitly the
seizure $the speech circuit depicted by the cIC in the
message label. The TUp function
first checks the speech circuit's status. If the speech circuit is
idle, it then analyses the
digit information contained in the address signal field.

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ldle State

Digit receiving state

Dial dioit

Disif analvsis and store

Is route
defermincd

Get rorrte characferisfics

Signalling scheme

Hrrnf/reserve idle sneech cct

NO
Is circuit
xrqilqhle') Alternative
processing

Receive remaining digits state

Disit dial

Last digit?

Await Response state

Fig. 5.7 Call Origination (Originating Office)

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From the digit analysis, it is concluded that the call is a terminating call. The condition
of the terminating subscriber is then analyzed. If the terminating subscriber is idle, the
path connection through the terminating office's switching network is set up. The

terminating office then prepares an Address Complete Message (ACM) (see Section
5.5.2). The ACM indicates that the call setup is successful. It contains message
indicators, with the following settings as an example: address - complete - signal
charge, subscriber-free, echo suppressor at incoming half not included, call not

forwarded and any signaling path.

A message label is added to the ACM. The DPC field of the label contains the same code
as the OPC field of received IAM's message label. The CIC field in label of the ACM is

the same as that in the received IAM The TUP function instructs the MTP function to
send the ACM. After sending the ACM, the terminating oflice rings the terminating
subscriber and sends a ringing tone through the speech circuit to the originating

subscriber. It then waits for the terminating subscriber to answer by entering into a
ringing state.

5.4.3 Conversation and call release

When terminating subscriber answers, the terminating office sends Answer-Charge signal
(ANC) to originating office. The call then enters into conversation state. (See Fig 5.8)

Assuming the terminating subscriber initiates call release, a clear-back signal (CBK) is

sent from the terminating office to the originating office. On receiving a CBK, the
originating office starts a time supervision. Upon expiry of time supervision or
originating subscriber clears, a clear-forward signal (CLF) is sent and the speech path at
originating office is disconnected. The terminating office, on the receiving CFL signal,
disconnects the speech path, and sends a release-guard signal (RLG) before putting the

speech circuit into idle state. The recepti* qlnlg at the originaiing office makes the
speech circuit available for other call connection.

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Idle State

Dual seizure

Disit analvsis

Terminating
c.all')

Terminating subscriber
analysis

Subscriber
iAlc')
Other processings

Sef rrn sneech nafh

Ring terminating subscriber &

send ringing tone to
originating subscriber

R.inging State

Fig. 5.8 Terminating Analysis (Terminating Office)

13

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Rnging State

Cnnrrerqqfinn Sfqfe

Received CBK Originating

subscrber cleared

Timer start

Timer expired or
originating
srrhscriher cleared

Received RLG

Idle State

Fig. 5.9 conversation and cail Rerease (originating office)

5.5 Some typical messages

5.5.1 Initial address message (IAM)

The Initial Address Message (IAM) is the first TLrP

message sent during a normal call
setup' It includes information required by the succeeding exchange
to route the call.
IAM is denoted as 0001 (H0) 0001 (Hl) in the message heading.
The message format of
IAM is depicted in Fig 5.10.

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LKJTHGFEDCBA Spare FEDCBA 0001 000r

Address Number Message Calling Heading Heading LABEL
signals of indicators party code code
address category HI HO
signals
*
t2 4 40

Fig. 5.10 Initial Address Message

IAM also indicates the seizure of a speech circuit to the succeeding exchange. The
information included in IAM is. -

(1) Calling party category

The calling party category indicates the types of subscriber who originates the call.
This
field consists of 6 bits. CCITT 1984 recommendation defines the following types of
calling party category shown in Table 5.2

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BitsFEDCBA Calling party category

00 0 000 Unknown source
00 0 001 Operator, language French
00 0 010 Operator, language English
000 011 Operator, language German
00 0 100 Operator, language Russian
00 0 101 Operator, language Spanish
000 110 Available to administrations for selecting a
to particular language as agreed.
001000
001001 Reserved
001010 Ordinary calling subsriber
001011 Calling subscriber with priority
001100 Data call
001101 Test call

Table 5.2. Calling party category

(2) Message Indicators

The message indicator is a 12-bit field. It contains additional information required during
call setup. The bits in this field are defined in Table 5.3

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Indicator Bit Value Meaning

Nature of address BA 00 Subscriber number

01 Spare, reseverd for national use

10 National number
11 International number
Nature of circuit DC 00 No satellite circuit in the connection
01 One satellite circuit in the connection
10 Spare

11 Spare

Continuity cheek FE 00 Continuity cheek not required

01 Continuity check required on this circuit
10 Continuity check ol previous circuit
i1 Spare

Echo suppression G 0 Outgoing half echo suppressor not included

1 Outgoing half echo suppressor included
lncoming international call H 0 Not an incoming international call
1 Incoming international call
Redirected call I 0 Not a redirected call

1 Redirected call
All- digital-p ath-required J 0 Ordinary call
1 Digital path required
Signalling path K 0 Any path
1 All ss7 path

L Spare

Table 5.3 Message Indicators of IAM

l1
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(3) Address signals

The address signals contain the called party directory number. Each digital of the
directory number is set in a 4-bit field. The binary representation of address signals is
listed in table 5.4.

Address Signal Meaning

0000 Digit 0

0001 Digit I
0010 Digit2
0011 Digit 3

0100 Digit 4
0101 Digit 5

0110 Digit 6

0111 DtgrtT
1000 Digit 8

1001 Digit 9

1010 Spare

1011 Digit 11

1100 Digit t2
1101 Spare

1110 Spare

1111 ST (End of pulsing)

Table 5.4 Address Signals

The sending sequence of address information is a county followed by a national number.

For calls to operator positions, code 1 I or 12 is included as the most significant address
signal,

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The "Number of address signals" is a binary code representing the number of address
signals to be transmitted for the succeeding exchange. For odd number of address
signals, a filler code 0000 is inserted after the last address signal. This ensures that the
variable length field, which contains the address signals, consists of an integral number of
octets.

5.5.2 Address complete message (ACM)

The Address Complete Message (ACM) is one of the messages in the successful
backward setup information message (SBM). It is originated from the succeeding
exchange when a call is successfully established and the called subscriber's line is free.
However, if the called subscriber's line condition is not provided by the succeeding
network, the last Signalling Systems No. 7 exchange generates and sends an ACM upon
receiving the end-of-pulsing signal, the maximum number of digits used in national
numbering plan or other network characteristics specified by the telecommunications
administration. The message heading code of the ACM is 0100 (H0) 0001 (Hl). Figure
5.11 shows the message format of the ACM.

Fig. 5.11 Address Complete Message

The message indicator in the ACM occupies an 8-bit field It indicates the called
subscriber's line condition, the charging information and other information described in
Table 5.5

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Indicator Bit Value Meaning

Type of address-complete BA 00 Sub scriber-complete signal
signal 01 Subscriber-complete signal, charge
10 Subscriber-complete signal, no charge
11 Subscriber-complete signal, coin box
Subscriber-free C 0 No indication
1 Subscriber-free
lncoming half echo suppressor D 0 No incoming half echo suppressor
I included

Incoming half echo suppressor included

Call forwarding E 0 Call not forwarded
I Call forwarded
Signalling path F 0 Any path
I A11 signalling system no.7 palh

Table 5.5 Message Indicators of ACM

5.5.3 Call supervision message (CSM)

The Call Supervision Message (CSM) is a group of messages which include answer
supervision, charging information and call release supervision. These messages can be
sent after the call enters into the ringing state. Figure 5.72 shows the messages format of
the CSM.

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The CSM has a heading code H0 of 0110. Its heading code Hl contains the information
listed in Table 5.1

5.5.4 Circuit supervision message

The circuits of the switching network are being supervised and controlled at all times.
The supervision and control signals are grouped under Circuit Supervision Message
(CCM) The message format of the CCM is shown in Fig. 5.13.

The heading code H0 of CCM is 0111. Heading code Hl contains the information
defined in table 5.1.

21

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TELEPHONE USERPART (TUP)

5.6 Speech Circuit Management

5.6.1 Circuitldentification

Systems No' 7' the control information

For telephone call connection using the Signalling
through the common channel Signalling
(that is, signal) is sent in the form of messages
of signals is thus separated from the speech circuit
For the
network. The routing
to circuits or calls, a uniquely defined
messages
receiving office to relate the received
CircuitldentificationCode(CIC)isincludedinthelabelfieldofeveryTUPmessage.

point code (DPC) and

The clc is 12 bits long and is transmitted after the Destination
(see Fig' 5'14)' The allocation of the cIC
to a
originating Point code (oPc) of the label
rules or, in the case of international
telephone circuit is guided by predetermined
network, bY bilateral agreement'

implementation of the Signalling Systems

The rules of assigning the CIC vary with each
to the type of speech circuit'
No. 7. one typical implementation assigns a cIC according
primary order PCM systems (24 channels
There are three types of speech circuits, namely
secondary order PCM systems (128 channels
1.544 Mbit/s and 30 channels 2 Mbit/s),
8.448 Mbit/s) and analog circuits'

preset in the most significant bit The least

For primary order PCM systems, a "zefo" is
of each speech circuit' The remaining
significant 5 bits represent PCM time slot numbers
the gaximum number of primary order
six bits carry the PcM systems number H919-.,
is sixty-four'
pcM systems allowable for connecting two signaling points

most significant bit' The time

For second order PCM systems, a "one" is preset in the
7 bits. The remaining four
of the speech circuit occupies the least significant
slot number
bits is the PCM sYstem number'

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The Signalling Systems No. 7 is optimized for application using 64 kbit/s digital circuits.
Analog circuits are therefore not preferable. However, if analog circuits are unavoidable,
the seventh least significant bits of the CIC contain the circuit number. The remaining
five bits are preset to " 10000".................... ...........,

iti
F B
F CK SIF SIO LI I FSN I BSN F

B B
I6 8n(n>i) is261
iI

Heading Heading CIC Circuit OPC DPC

code code Identification Originating Destination
(H1) (H0) Code Point Code Point Code
t2 I4 T4

PRIMARY
0 SYSTEM NO CHANNEL NO
PC}i4 (24t30)

I 6 5

SECONDARY SYSTEM NO CHANNEL NO

PCM (i28) 1 4 7

ANALOG
CIRCUIT
I 7

Fig. 5.14 Format of Circuit Identification Code

23
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5"6.2 Dual Seizure and preventive actions

Signalling Systems No" 7 circuits have the capability of both way operation. These
circuits can be irsed to carry outgoing or incoming call traffic. Both way operation is
possible because circuit supervisory signals, that, line signals are sent separately through
the Common Channel Signalling network. These circuits thus do not possess line
supervision and control features.

When the originating office seizes a circuit on call origination, there is an unguarded
delay before the distant office recognizes the seizure of this circuit. During this delay,

the distant office may attempt to set up a call in the reverse direction using the same
circuit. If such situation happens, a dual seizure condition results.

In the Signalling Systems No. 7, the unguarded delay may be contributed by :-

Relatively long signaling data link propagation time,

Delay due to re-transmission, and

Message transfer time required by inter-mediate signaling transfer points

The frequency of dual seizure occurrence increases with the duration of unguarded delay.

The unguarded delay in Signalling System No. 7 may be relatively long in some
instances. Hence, mechanisms to detect and resolve dual seizure are necessary.

During setting up of a call connection, the IAM is sent as the first message from the
originating office. The seizure of a speech circuit, which is assigned with a CIC, is
implicitly contained in this IAM If another IAM having the same CIC is received, this
indicates that the distant office is also attempting to set up a call using the same circuit.

A dual seizure situation is then detected from the fact that un .ffi'-i, received for a
particular circuit where an IAM has been sent.

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To minirnize the occurrence of dual seizure, two circuit selection methods are provided.
The first method is to select a circuit from the both way circuit route in opposite order at
each office (see Fig. 5.15.(a)). The other method is to divide the circuit into two groups
as in Fig. 5 15 (b). Each office has priority access to one of the group for which it is
controlling.

In the method of priority grouping, the office first selects one circuit from its priority
group. The circuit, which has been released the longest, is selected, that is first-in-first-
out principle is adopted. When no circuit is available in the priority group, the circuit
from the non-priority group is selected and the last-in-first-out principle is adopted, that
is, the circuit which is the latest released, is selected.

In the FETEX-150 system, the method of priority grouping is adopted. The circuits are
grouped according to their time slot numbers. The odd-numbered time slots form a group

while the even numbered time slots form the other group.

On detection of dual seizure, the ofiice proceeds to establish call for those circuits which
it is controlling. Subsequent IAM received by the affected circuit is ignored. The other
office, which does not control the circuit, releases the call. However, a clear forward
signal is not sent. This office then makes an automatic repeat attempt on the same or an
alternative route.

Tel.One Centre for Learning - Belvedere Januarv 2003

 CCS NO.7 STUDENT NOTE: 2330-05
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Office A

Order of selection Order of selection

(a) Opposite Order selection

Office A
Oflice B

Priority rroup
(first-in-firs, *rrL
I Non Priority group
(last-in-first-out)

Priority group
Non Priority grou (first-in-first-out)
(last-in-first-out)

(b) priority Group

Fig. 5.15 Dual Seizure preventive Methods

Tel.One Centre for Learning - Belvedere Januarv 2003