Overview of Telecommunication
Network
Outline
Components and Function of
Telecommunication Network
Overview of SPC Switch Technique
Concepts of Signaling
No.7 Signaling Network
No.7 Protocol Structure
Components and Function of Telecommunication Network
Components of Telecommunication Network: Terminals, Switch
System, Transmission and Access Network.
Satellite
TV TV
Telephone Telephone
User Line User Line
PC PV
Switch System Switch System
Transmission
Desktop System Desktop System
Terminals Terminals
Components and Function of Telecommunication Network
Transmission System Classification:
From Network ： relay transmission system and user
transmission system
From signal: Analog and digital transmission system
From media: cable and wireless transmission system
cable transmission system include twisted line, coaxial
cable and fiber
wireless transmission system include radio waves,
terrestrial wave, satellite wave
Components and Function of Telecommunication Network
Switching system includes various types of switching equipment.
Telecommunication network exchange with circuit switching, packet
switching, and fast packet switching and so on.
Terminal system is composed of various types of terminal equipment.
Terminal type and function are related with the service of
telecommunications network.
Components and Function of Telecommunication Network
Transmission Network
Transmission network provides supporting service for Data
communication network, mobile network and supporting
network.
Types of transmission network(classified by technology ）
Fiber backbone(PDH/SDH/DWDM)
Microwave backbone(PDH/SDH)
Satellite communication network
Service Network
Switching Network
• Toll
• Local
Intelligent Network
Data Network Packet switching network （ X.25 ）
• Basic Data Network DDN
FRN
• MAN
• LAN
• IP Backbone
Service Network
Mobile Network
• GSM
• CDMA
• 3G
NGN Network
Service Supporting System
Billing System
Customer care system （ 10086, 10000, 10011 ）
Service Supporting System （ IBSS 、 BOSS-OSS/BSS ）
Enterprise Resource Plan system ERP （ MSS ）
Business Program Reorganizing system (BPR)
Outline
Components and Function of Telecommunication
Network
Overview of SPC Switch Technique
Concepts of Signaling
No.7 Signaling Network
No.7 Protocol Structure
POTS Service
)))) PSTN
1 0 1 0 PSTN
Networks
Codec function Telco Central Office
or
Enterprise PBX
From Analog Voice to Digital Voice
Sampling Quantity
Analog voice Filter Fs = 8KHz A/ Law
Coding
Digital Voice
64kb/s
PCM30/32
PCM30/32 use multi-frame structure ；
Every frame uses 125s, 32 time slots in one
PCM （ TS0 - TS31 ）；
Every time slot is described by 8 bits.
Every frame uses 8x32=256 bits ；
Every 16 frames is one multi-frame(16x125s = 2ms) ；
Rate of one frame is 8000/s ， Line rate is 2048 Kbits/s
Introducing Switch
Users are connected to each other Introducing Switch Node
International Toll Network
International Toll （ CT1 ～ CT3 ）
DC0
Level 1 （ C1 ）
Level 2 （ C2 ）
DC1
Level 3 （ C3 ）
Level 4 （ C4 ）
LS （ C5 ）
LS Tandem （ Tm ）
ZXJ10 System Networking
Build Office by single PCM
2Mb/s
PSM To other office
No.7/R2
OMM
ZXJ10 System Networking
Build Office by more than one PCM
PSM Level 1
RLM
Level 2
PSM RSM
Level 3
RSM RSM
RLM
RLM RLM
Outline
Components and Function of Telecommunication
Network
Overview of SPC Switch Technique
Concepts of Signaling
No.7 Signaling Network
No.7 Protocol Structure
What is Signaling
The process of generating and exchanging information between
components of a telecommunications system .
[Link]
2. ACM
LS A LS B
CAS and CCS
Switch Switch
A Voice &Signaling B
CAS ： signaling and voice in same channel
Voice
Switch … Switch
A Voice B
Signaling
CCS ： signaling and voice separate from each other, the signaling
for voice channel connection is placed in a common channel .
Advantages of CCS
Advantages of CCS over CAS
With high channel efficiency
Information can be switched much faster
With a huge signal capacity
CCS is easy for maintenance or network management.
With a great flexibility, CCS can provide more new
services
CCS can provide powerful support for ISDN, IN, TMN
and cellular mobile communication systems
No.7 signaling system
Outline
Components and Function of Telecommunication
Network
Overview of SPC Switch Technique
Concepts of Signaling
No.7 Signaling Network
No.7 Protocol Structure
Signaling Network
Signaling Network is the network for signaling
transmission .
Three
Three Basic
Basic Elements
Elements
1 2 3
SEP STP Link
Three Elements
Signaling End Point (SEP) ：
The original and destination points of signaling. It refers to the node in the
signaling system that provides common channel signaling
Signaling Transfer Point (STP) ：
It refers to SEP that transfers signaling messages from one signaling link
to another.
Signaling Link （ Link ）：
It refers to the signaling message channel that connects an SP and
another SEP (or STP ).
Link Link
LS STP LS
(SEP) (SEP)
Signaling Point Code (SPC)
SPC is the identifier of SEP
SP can also be divided into OPC ( Originating Point Code ) and DPC
( Destination Point Code).
OPC or DPC is 14-bit address for CCITT ( 24-bit for China )
OPC=2-2-2
DPC=3-3-3
OPC=3-3-3
A DPC=2-2-2 B
SPC=2-2-2 SPC=3-3-3
Signaling Routing
Signaling Link Group
A group of links with same characters between two SPs
Signaling Route
A preset path from original SP to destination SP,
including primary route and alternative route.
Signaling Route Set
A set of signaling route to some destination SP.
Signaling Routing 1
Route Set
Links
Route1 LG 1
A B
Ro
ut
e2
LG
2
C
Signaling Routing 2
Route
Links
Link Group 1
A B
Li
nk
Gr
ou
p
2
C
Signaling Modes
1. Associated Mode ： messages related to the voice
channel connecting two switches are sent on the signaling
link that directly connects two switches
SEP Link SEP
A B
Signaling Modes
2. Quasi-Associated Mode : signaling messages between
switches A and B go through the several preset
concatenated signaling links, but voice signals go through
the direct channels between A and B.
STP
Link Link
SEP SEP
A B
Outline
Components and Function of Telecommunication
Network
Overview of SPC Switch Technique
Concepts of Signaling
No.7 Signaling Network
No.7 Protocol Structure
No. 7 Protocol Structure
Application MAP INAP BSSAP ISUP TUP
OSI- 7
TCAP
SCCP
Network
OSI- 3
MTP3
OSI- 2 Data Link MTP2
Physical MTP1
OSI- 1
MAP ： Mobile Application Part INAP ： IN Application Part
ISUP ： ISDN User Part TUP ： Telephone User Part
SCCP ： Signaling Connection Control Part MTP ： Message Transfer Part
MTP1
Defines the physical, electrical, and functional
features of the signaling data link, and is thus
similar to the OSI physical layer.
It determines the connection method with the data
link, and provides an information carrier for the
signaling link. In digital transmission, signaling
data links are usually digital channels at 64kbit/s.
MTP2
Define the signaling message transmission functions and procedures
related to its transfer on a signaling data link.
The second level and the first signaling data link used as a whole as
an information carrier, provide a signaling link between two signaling
points for the reliable transfer of messages.
Signal unit demarcation and localization
Error Check : 16 bit Check Code
Error Correction : FSN; BSN; FIB; BIB; Basic Error Correction ( BEC ) and
Preventive Cyclic Retransmission ( PCR )
Initial localization : used when recovering links after the first starting and
the link fails
Error Monitoring of Signaling Link : prevents the excessive retransmission
when error occurs
Flow Control : prevents the link congestion if the load on the link is too
heavy
MTP3
Message Routing : Selecting the signaling link that is used by each
signaling message to be transmitted
Message Distribution : Sends the message to a user part or level-3
function after receiving the message
Message Authentication : Determines whether a signaling point is the
destination point of a message after the signaling point receives the
message.
Signaling Service Management : Controls message routing etc.
Signaling Link Management : Controls the locally connected link group
Signaling Route Management
MTP3
MTP3
DPC=SPC
SCCP, TUP, ISUP
Message
Distribution Message
Authentication
DPC≠SPC
MTP2
Message Routing
DPC&SLS
