Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education

Mumbai. (M.S.)

MICRO PROJECT
On
“ UNIVERSAL GATES”
Submitted by
TANMAY NARWADE

G.S. Mandal’s

Department of Computer Engineering

Marathwada Institute of Technology,
Polytechnic, Aurangabad.

Academic Year: - 2022-2023

 MAHARASHTRA STATE
BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that: -
Roll Enrollment Exam
No. Name of Student No. Seat No.
27 TANMAY NARWADE 2100660078

have successfully completed Universal Gates Micro-project for the subject

Digital Technique as in the enclosed ‘Portfolio’ during his / her tenure of
Completing the Diploma in Computer Engineering (CO3I) in Academic Year
2022-2023 from M.I.T. Polytechnic, Aurangabad with Institute Code 0066.

Date:

Guide: -K.M.Mantri H.O.D.: - Prof. A. S. Nagrik

Principal
Marathwada Institute of Technology,
Polytechnic, Aurangabad
 INDEX
Annexure-IV Micro Project Teacher Evaluation Sheet Annexure-I
A “Format for Micro-Project Proposal”

1.0 Aim/Benefits of Micro Project (minimum 30-50 words)

2.0 Course Outcomes Addressed

3.0 Proposed Methodology (procedure in brief that will be followed to do the microproject
in about 100-200 words.)

4.0 Action Plan (Sequence and time required for major activity.)

5.0 Resources required (major resources such as row material, some machining facility,
software etc.)

Annexure-II A “Format for Micro-Project Report”

1.1 Rationale (Importance of the project, in about 30 to 50 words. This is a modified version of the
earlier one written after the work)

2.0 Aim/Benefits of Micro Project:

3.0 Course Outcomes Achieved (Add to the earlier list is more Cos are addressed)

4.0 Literature Review

5.0 Actual Methodology Followed (Write step wise work done, data collected and its analysis
(if any). The contribution of individual member may also be noted.)

6.0 Actual Resources Used (mention the actual resources used).

7.0 Outputs of the micro projects (Drawings of the prototype, drawing of survey,
presentation of collected data, findings etc.)

8.0 Skill Developed/Learning outcome of this micro project

9.0 Applications of this micro project

 Annexure-IV
Micro Project
(Teacher Evaluation Sheet)
Name of Branch: Computer Engineering Semester: 3

Course Title: - Digital Technique Code: - 22320

Title of Micro Project: - ‘UNIVERSAL GATES’

Course Outcomes Achieved:

Course outcomes achieved during this Micro-Project are as follows: -

a) Build simple combinational circuit or chart

b) Build simple sequential circuits or chart

Process and Individual Total
Roll Enrollment Exam Product Presentation Marks
Name of Student
No. No. Seat No. Assessment / Viva (10)
(06) (04)
71 TANMAY NARWADE 2100660078

Comments / Suggestions about work:

Signature of Teacher : __________________________

Name and Designation : __________________________

of the Teacher
 Annexure-I Micro-Project Proposal
(Format for Micro-Project Proposal About 1-2 pages)

Title of Micro-Project logical gates

1.0 Aim/Benefits of Micro Project (minimum 30-50 words)

This Micro-Project is based on the diagram of logical gates

Benefits of this Micro-Project are given below: -

• Long Lifespan.
• Energy Efficiency
• Improved Environmental Performance
• The Ability to Operate in Cold Conditions
• No Heat or UV Emissions

2.0 Course Outcomes Addressed

Course outcomes achieved during this Micro-Project are as follows: -

c) Build simple combinational circuits or chart

d) Build simple sequential circuits or chart

3.0 Proposed Methodology

This Micro-Project is based on the circuit diagram of Logical gates

Methodology followed by students is as follows: -

2. Rough sketch of the circuit diagram was made.

3. Changes (if any) were done in the sketch.
4. Components which were required for making the circuit diagram were
purchased. And chart
5. These components were then combined to form a circuit diagram
(hardware).
6. This chart hardware was then submitted.
 4.0 Action Plan (Sequence and time required for major activity.)
Sr. Details of Activity Planned Planned Name of Responsible Team
No Start Date Finish Date Members
1 Topic Selection 12-10-2022 13-10-2022 TANMAY

2 Gathering of information related to the 14-10-2022 16-10-202 -

topic

3 Rough sketch of a circuit diagram 17-10-2022 19-10-2022 -

4 Purchasing the components 19-10-2022 21-10-2022 -

5 Making a circuit diagram (chart ) 22-10-2022 25-10-2022 -

6 Modifications (if any) 26-10-2022 27-10-2022 -

7 Editing of report 28-10-2022 30-10-2022 -

8 Taking printouts 31-10-2022 1-11-2022 -

9 Attaching printouts into a file 2-11-2022 3-11-2022 -

Resources required
Sr. Name of Resource/Material Specification Qty. Remarks
No
1 chart white 1

2 wires, Good quality 1

3 Dc source Ever ready 2

4 A laptop Windows 11 1

5 A file Transparent 1

Names of Team Members with Roll No.: -

Roll No. Name of Student

27 TANMAY NARWADE
 Annexure-II
Micro-Project Report
(Format for Micro-Project Report minimum four pages)

Title of Micro-Project: - UNIVERSAL GATES

6.0 Rationale (Importance of the project, in about 30 to 50 words. This is

a modified version of the earlier one written after the work)

In the present scenario most of the electronic equipment link to prepare

Chart

2.0 Aim/Benefits of Micro Project:

This Micro-Project is based on the circuit chart diagram of logical gates

Benefits of this Micro-Project are given below: -

• Long Lifespan.
• Energy Efficiency
• Improved Environmental Performance
• The Ability to Operate in Cold Conditions
• No Heat or UV Emissions

3.0 Course Outcomes Achieved (Add to the earlier list is more Cos are
addressed)

Course outcomes achieved during this Micro-Project are as follows: -

a) Build simple combinational circuits or gates

b) Build simple sequential circuits or gates

4.0 Literature Review: -

Logic gates are the basic building blocks of any digital system. It is an electronic circuit
having one or more than one input and only one output. The relationship between the
input and the output is based on a certain logic. Based on this, logic gates are named as
AND gate, OR gate,
YouTube videos were recommended for creating the circuit diagram.
• The overall idea of this project was taken in consideration of the teacher’s
remarks and was well implemented.
• Different websites were also required for gathering of information, some
of them are as follows: -

1. www.globalspec.com
2. www.circuits-diy.com
3. www.learningaboutelectronics.com 4.
www.instructables.com 5. www.linkedin.com 6.
www.youtube.com 7. www.cisuvc.com 8. www.circuits-
diy.com 9. www.elonics.org
10.www.instructables.com

Given below is a piece of information which was referred to make a word document
from one of the above listed websites i.e., www.globalspec.com

Logic gates are the basic building blocks of any digital system. It is an electronic circuit
having one or more than one input and only one output. The relationship between the
input and the output is based on a certain logic. Based on this, logic gates are named as
AND gate, OR gate, NOT gate etc.

Ideas on how to make a circuit diagram (rough sketch), components required,

etc.

Different YouTube channels (YouTube videos that were helpful) for the
procedure of building a chart of logical gates

6.1 Actual Methodology Followed (Write step wise work done, data
collected and its analysis (if any). The contribution of individual
member may also be noted.)

This micro-project is based on the circuit diagram of an Logical gates

The methodology followed by students is as follows:

 • Firstly, the topic for the micro-project was decided.

• Information was gathered from the different websites mentioned above in

the literature review.
• The different main components (required to make a model of the logical
gates ) are given below:

1. Diode: A diode is a semiconductor device that acts as a one-way switch

for current. It allows current to flow easily in one direction but severely
restricts current from flowing in the opposite direction.

2. Transistor: Using a transistor to boost the weak current solves the

problem. By placing a transistor between the resistor-capacitor
combination and the LED-resistor combination, we can jack up the
current so that the lights glow brightly.

3. Resistor: The resistors increase the current draw of the turn signals when
using LEDs, and the stock flasher can function as intended. The
installation is easy, and the resistors come with crimp taps, so in theory
you should not have to cut any wires

Modifications, (if any), were done and submitted.

AND Gate
A circuit which performs an AND operation is shown in figure. It has n input (n >= 2) and one
output.

Logic diagram

Truth Table
OR Gate
A circuit which performs an OR operation is shown in figure. It has n input (n >= 2) and one
output.

Logic diagram

Truth Table

NOT Gate
NOT gate is also known as Inverter. It has one input A and one output Y.

Logic diagram

Truth Table

NAND Gate
A NOT-AND operation is known as NAND operation. It has n input (n >= 2) and one output.

Logic diagram
Truth Table

NOR Gate
A NOT-OR operation is known as NOR operation. It has n input (n >= 2) and one output.

Logic diagram

Truth Table

XOR Gate
XOR or Ex-OR gate is a special type of gate. It can be used in the half adder, full adder and
subtractor. The exclusive-OR gate is abbreviated as EX-OR gate or sometime as X-OR gate. It
has n input (n >= 2) and one output.

Logic diagram
Truth Table

XNOR Gate
XNOR gate is a special type of gate. It can be used in the half adder, full adder and subtractor.
The exclusive-NOR gate is abbreviated as EX-NOR gate or sometime as X-NOR gate. It has n
input (n >= 2) and one output.

Logic diagram

Truth Table

6.0 Actual Resources Used (mention the actual resources used).

Sr. Name of Resource/Material Specification Qty. Remarks

No
1 chart white 1
 2 gun, wires, Good quality 1

3 Dc source Everyday cell 2

4 A file Transparent 1

7.0 Outputs of the micro projects

Circuit diagram of the logical gates (chart ) was submitted to the teacher .

8.0 Skill Developed/Learning outcome of this micro project

Skills developed:
1. Time Management
2. Working as a group
3. Creating the model (practical skills)
4. Communication
5. Leadership

9.0 Applications of this micro project: -

A logic gate is a simple switching circuit that determines whether an input pulse
can pass through to the output in digital circuits.

• They are found in circuits used as indicators and controllers, as well as in

home-built projects.
• It is useful for warming devices or as a source for square wave generation.
microcontroller, microprocessor, electrical project circuits