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    Daniel Cañones
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    Leveling is a surveying technique used to determine relative or absolute elevations between points. It involves measuring vertical distances directly or indirectly using instruments like a leveling rod, tripod, tape measure, plumb bob, transit, theodolite, or total station. Key terms include elevation, bench mark (known elevation point), backsight (sight on level rod at known point), and foresight (sight to determine unknown point elevation). Example problems demonstrate how to calculate elevation differences between two points and how to perform leveling notes arithmetic checks.

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    Leveling is a surveying technique used to determine relative or absolute elevations between points. It involves measuring vertical distances directly or indirectly using instruments like a leveling rod, tripod, tape measure, plumb bob, transit, theodolite, or total station. Key terms include elevation, bench mark (known elevation point), backsight (sight on level rod at known point), and foresight (sight to determine unknown point elevation). Example problems demonstrate how to calculate elevation differences between two points and how to perform leveling notes arithmetic checks.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    15 views2 pages

    Handout 8

    Uploaded by

    Daniel Cañones
    Leveling is a surveying technique used to determine relative or absolute elevations between points. It involves measuring vertical distances directly or indirectly using instruments like a leveling rod, tripod, tape measure, plumb bob, transit, theodolite, or total station. Key terms include elevation, bench mark (known elevation point), backsight (sight on level rod at known point), and foresight (sight to determine unknown point elevation). Example problems demonstrate how to calculate elevation differences between two points and how to perform leveling notes arithmetic checks.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    LEVELING

    - is defined as “an art of determining the relative height of different points on, above or below the surface.”
    - it is the process of directly or indirectly measuring vertical distances to determine the elevation of points
    or their difference in elevation.
    Instruments:
    1. Stadia or Leveling Rod 2. Tripod 3. Tape Measure 4. Plumb Bob

    5. Transit 6. Theodolite 7. Total Station 8. Auto Level

    Definition of Terms:
    1. Elevation – for a particular point, its elevation is the vertical distance above or below mean sea level or any other
    selected datum.
    2. Bench Mark (BM) – relatively permanent point of known elevation.
    3. Backsight (BS) – a sight taken to the level rod held at a point of known elevation (either BM or TP)
    4. Foresight (FS) – a sight taken on any point to determine its elevation.
    ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEMS:
    1. Determine the difference in elevation between point A and point B.
    2. Complete the differential level notes shown below and perform then customary arithmetic check.
    Level Notes from BM1 to BM4:

    STA BS HI FS ELEV
    BM1 1.256 127.133
    TP1 1.116 1.886
    TP2 1.228 1.527
    BM2 1.189 2.246
    BM3 1.070 2.017
    TP3 1.831 2.656
    BM4 2.765

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