Laboratory Exercise 2

Name: Naif M. Patadon Year/Course/Section: 2-BSCE-

B
Date: October 15, 2022
Determining the Elevation of Points through Differential Leveling
Materials/Equipment:
 Chalk
 Notebook and Pen
 2 Leveling Rod
 Optical Level
Procedures:
1. Firstly, gather all the equipment/ materials needed in the activity.
2. Secondly, place one leveling rod to the known or given elevation named as Bench Mark
1(BM1) , and then place the other leveling rod to any location such that it is far enough to sight
it with optical level(named it as Turning Point 1 or TP1) and as far as possible to the BM1.
3. Thirdly, place the optical level instrument in any location that would make it sight the two
leveling rods clearer.
4. Fourthly, for data recording, sight first the leveling rod at BM1 and this will be the Backsight
(BS) for that point. After that sight the other leveling rod at TP1 and that will be the Foresight
for that point.
5. Fifthly, get the leveling rod at BM1 and place it on a different location that approaches to the
direction of the point where you are ask to find and named it as TP2.
6. Sixthly, repeat the 3rd to 5th step until you are now sighting or specifically foresighting the BM2
(the point where you are ask to find).
7. Lastly, you are again to sight from BM2 to BM1 point and for the sake of standard recording
the last point for this is named as BM3 instead of BM1 although they are on same location.
Tabulation:
STA- Station BS- Backsight HI- Height of Instrument FS-Foresight ELEV-Elevation
HI= BS +Elev BMa Elev TP1= HI + FS

Weather Condition: Bright Sunny Day

(in meters) Date Performed: September 21, 2022

STA BS HI FS ELEV
BM1 131.5 231.5 100
TP1 163 256 138.5 93
TP2 132 249 139 117
TP3 162.2 283.2 128 121
BM2 88 303.2 68 215.2
TP4 72.5 224.2 146.5 156.7
TP5 138.3 225 142.5 86.7
BM3 887.5 119.3 105.7

∑ BS=887.5 ∑ FS
Arithmetic Check:

100.0m (Elevation of BM1)

+887.5m (ΣBS)
987.5m (SUM)
-881.8m (ΣFS)
105.7m (ELEVATION OF BM3)
Conclusion/Observation:
Differential leveling is the method of calculating the elevations of unknown points by measuring
vertical distances from a known elevation point. Differential leveling uses the difference in vertical
distance between two points to transfer elevation from one point to the other. The difference between
two or more places can be found via differential surveying. It is frequently employed to determine the
elevation of a benchmark in relation to an already-existing benchmark. It can be used to compare the
elevation of different points or objects. Because of this, this sort of surveying can also be used to
measure mountains, wood, elevated terrain, and finds some important facts regarding geological
investigations.
I conclude that to run differential leveling, we have to know first the benchmarks of the said
elevation and need to get backsight and foresight from the first benchmark down to the last and then
calculate the height of the instrument by adding the elevation of the station and the backsight. Then
finally, elevation is computed by subtracting the foresight from the height of the instrument.