THE MAGA ZINE OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOCIE T Y

Blue Skies Above

The Post-Pandemic Office
Coloring Outside The Box
LIGHTING DESIGN and APPLICATION

Spy Games Intrigue at the Museum

April 2021 | www.ies.org

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 April 2021 • Volume 51 • No. 4

First up
Editor’s Note 4

President’s Perspective 10

Insights 13

Events 15

Photo: Alan Blakely

Tools of the Trade 16
46
In This issue
Willard Warren 18 Features
36
Daylight Confronts Color Tuning

Alex Baker 20 MISSION ACCOMPLISHED

IES in Washington
State-of-the-art lighting is the International Spy Museum’s very own secret weapon
Tony Esposito & Jess Baker 24
Conquering TM-30
41
Jerry Plank 28 OFFICE DESIGN IN A POST-COVID WORLD
Horticulture Product Safety A roundtable discussion with members of the design and manufacturing communities
provides insight into how the pandemic may reshape the modern office
Kate Hickcox & Michael Myer 32
Next-Level Connected Lighting
46
Plus DOWN TO EARTH AND REACHING FOR THE SKY
The lighting plan at a Utah resort unites the great outdoors with tranquil interiors
IES Insider 63

Products 66 50
PROJECT IN PICTURES: MULBERRY COMMONS PARK
Ad Index/ Classifieds 71 Vertical luminaires help transform a nondescript public space into the centerpiece of
Newark’s downtown revival
Last Look 72

52
COLORING OUTSIDE THE LINES
“Inside-the-box” applications such as warm dimming and eye-catching façades are
well established, but the true power of dynamic lighting lies in more unconventional
uses. Here are five examples

58
RESEARCH
Seeking new weapons against microbial foes

On The Cover
At the International Spy Museum, lighting hardware is concealed within the display of an Aston Martin
DB5 first driven by James Bond in Goldfinger (p. 36). Photo: Courtesy of Available Light/International
Spy Museum

www.ies.org April 2021 LD+A 3


Editor’s Note
Season 2 of The Office
number of years ago, I worked
for a publishing/trade show
company that launched a new
conference called “alt.office.” The
content would be geared toward what
we believed would be a growing
movement away from the tradi-
tional office and toward strategies
such as “hoteling,” “hot desking,” The alt
videoconferencing and work from office has
home. We even had cartoonist arrived—
and satirist Scott Adams—he of not as an
“Dilbert” fame—skewer the old-
answer to
school office during the first key-
Dilbert’s
note address. The conference ran
exploits—
for two years, but in retrospect we
but out of
were probably a bit ahead of our
time. It was too early to sound the necessity
death knell for brick and mortar.
A couple of decades later, the times
have caught up. The alt office has
arrived—not as an answer to Dilbert’s
exploits—but out of necessity due to the
pandemic. The question, then, naturally
follows: what is the future of the office
post-pandemic? On the other side of
this, we will return to travel, restaurants,
ball games, concerts. Whether we return
to the office in great numbers, however,
is debatable. Two articles on cnn.com
capture the various viewpoints. The first
4 LD+A April 2021 www.ies.org
describes how Twitter and DropBox will
emphasize “virtual first,” and the likeli-
hood “that a lot of companies are going
to end up with too much office space,”
said Chester Spatt, a finance professor at
Carnegie Mellon’s Tepper School
of Business. “There’s going to be
a big reconfiguration.”
But there’s anecdotal evidence
that tells a different story. Another
cnn.com story profiled an office
worker who wants to limit video
interactions to the occasional
FaceTime call and misses the
whiteboarding sessions and the
“tap on the shoulder” that has
long been part of the on-site work
experience. I’m sure there are
many others like him.
This month’s roundtable discussion
(p. 41) assumes that there will be a
meaningful return to the office. We asked
representatives from the design and man-
ufacturing to envision what those spaces
might look like and how lighting will facili-
tate them. The consensus was there is no
consensus. Like Dilbert we will just have
to persevere.
Paul Tarricone
Editor and Publisher
ptarricone@ies.org
LIGHTING DESIGN and APPLICATION
Editor and Publisher
Paul Tarricone
Managing Editor
Samantha Schwirck
Associate Editor/
Digital Content Coordinator
Katie Nale
Senior Art Director
Samuel Fontanez
Art Director
Charyliz Rodriguez
Advertising Coordinator
Leslie Prestia
Published by IES
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Phone: 212-248-5000
Website: www.ies.org
Email: ies@ies.org
LD+A is a magazine for professionals involved in
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issue of LD+A includes feature articles on design
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Advertisements appearing in this publication are the
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LD+A (ISSN 0360-6325) is published monthly in
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Member subscriptions $32.00 (not deductible from
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Typology
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 LD+A • April 2021

Contributors 2020-2021
Board of Directors

PRESIDENT
Antonio Garza
Iluminacion Total, SA de CV
president@ies.org

Chip Israel, LC, Fellow IALD,
LEED AP, past-president IES,
is CEO of Lighting Design
Alliance, with offices in Los
Angeles, Dubai and Shanghai.
p.16
Willard L. Warren, PE,
LC, Fellow IES, DSA, is
principal of Willard L. Warren
Associates and a long-time
columnist for LD+A on energy
and lighting quality. p.18
VICE PRESIDENT
(President-Elect)
Susanne Seitinger, Ph.D.
Verizon
Alex Baker is manager of
TREASURER
government affairs and public
James Potts
policy for the IES. p.20 Cooper Lighting
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
Timothy Licitra, MBA

DIRECTORS
Frank Agraz, LC
Eco Engineering

Carl Bloomfield
Intertek Testing Services

Wilson Dau, LC
Dau Design and Consulting, Inc.

Tony Esposito, Ph.D., is the founder and head research Jerry Plank, LC, is the CEO/ Mindy Iannello
scientist at Lighting Research Solutions LLC and co-chair of the founder of Wilger Testing, an Performance Lighting Systems
IES Color Committee. accredited third-party
laboratory testing for product Jorge H. Lujan
CDm2 Lightworks
Jess Baker, Assoc. IALD, LC, is a senior lighting designer in safety and performance, and
the Schuler Shook Chicago office and a member of the IES a regular contributor to
Rick Paradis
Color Committee. p.24 the magazine. p.28 Synergy Investment

Michelle (Shelly) Prew

Cooper Lighting

Ira Rothman
Apex Lighting Solutions

Kelly Seeger
Signify

Billy Tubb
Kate Hickcox is a lighting Craig Casey is building Theatre Consultant
research scientist at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. She science leader at Lutron
is a creative thinker in the field of lighting, with over 15 years of Electronics. Casey has
experience in both lighting research and lighting design. presented multiple times at
IES Annual Conferences and
Michael Myer is a senior researcher at Pacific Northwest LightFair, and currently sits
National Laboratory, where he supports U.S. Department of on the IES Daylight Metrics
Energy programs including energy codes, appliance standards Committee. He received the
and field evaluations. p.32 IES Presidential Award for
chairing the 2015 Conference
Steering Committee. He is
currently pursuing his Ph.D.
p.52

6 LD+A April 2021 www.ies.org

 Jennifer Brons, formerly of the Lighting Research Center, is a research program
coordinator at the Light and Health Research Center at Mount Sinai.

Daniel Frering is director of educational programs at the Lighting Research

Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. p.58

August 5-7
Hilton New Orleans Riverside
new orleans, la

Brighter.Together.

www.ies.org April 2021 LD+A 7

REPORT ON LINEAR TECHNOLOGY

THE PROMISE OF LINEAR OPTICS

Contemporary architectural design often features linear light,
increasingly as the primary light source. Beam control and shaping
of light is important to allow for nuanced lighting design. As linear
LED technology advanced and adoption increased, expectations also
increased for the optical performance of linear light.

The discreet form factor of low-voltage linear light has always been
one of its major appeals. Next, with the advent of single-SDCM LED
binning, light quality became equally important.

Now, optical performance is the new focus.

INDUSTRY PROBLEMS WITH Ty p i c a l

IMPORTED LINEAR OPTICS Imported
Optic
High-performance linear optics are difficult to achieve and challenging
to manufacture cost effectively. First, the small size of low-voltage
linear light engines means there is little space available in a fixture Cut Off Angle
to house the materials that will shape the light. This is especially the
case for Total Internal Reflection (TIR) optics, which have the highest Beam Angle
efficiency and beam quality. TIR optics collect and collimate (shape) Field Angle
light from the source through a series of specially designed lenses,
as opposed to reflective optics which simply bounce it in a specific Spill Light
direction.

Typical component-based linear optic systems suffer from problems

related to imprecise beam angle, inefficiency, excessive glare,
and especially color over angle – whereby a light appears to have
uneven rainbow-like edges. The mid-power LEDs used in low-voltage
linear lighting exacerbate these problems. Similarly, scalloping and
shadowing results from manufacturing inconsistencies or uneven C E LT E C H ™
field assembly of finished fixtures. Finally, these component-based Optic
systems are typically fragile and require field assembly and tertiary
components, which is not practical. Overseas suppliers of such Beams are internally
collected & projected
systems are common, but they have consistently fallen short of true
architectural quality. The result is a hopeful mirage of inexpensive,
compact linear optics that require significant trade offs and ultimately Cut Off Angle
fail to deliver.
Beam Angle

A related industry problem, borne of imprecise manufacturing, is Field Angle

the tendency for manufacturers to provide inexact or misleading
Spill Light
specifications for beam angle, efficiency, and color shift with linear
optics. For instance, light output is sometimes measured from the light
engine as opposed to the actual luminous flux being delivered post-
optic. If it isn’t possible to design and manufacture to a consistent
standard, how would it be possible to publish a consistent, accurate
specification?
SPONSORED WHITE PAPER
COEXTRUDED LINEAR TIR
O P T I C S ( C E LT E C H ™ ) :
A M E R I C A N T E C H N O L O G Y, M A D E I N T H E U S A
Lucetta’s new patented CelTECH™ technology is the
first application of true extruded linear TIR optics in low
voltage lighting. This revolutionary design marries the most
compelling aspects of TIR and reflective optics. The result
is a high-performance, cost-effective linear optic that sets
completely new expectations for architectural-quality linear
optical systems.

The lens design creates a clean, precise beam by

collimating light immediately after it leaves the light engine,
which also increases overall efficiency of the fixture and
requires less materials. The proprietary double coextrusion
process shapes pure acrylic compound to allow for peak
optical clarity, while maintaining the appropriate amount of
ductility to create a resilient fixture.

The result is a beam with an exceptional aesthetic,

Actual photo of CelTECH™ Lighting System.
delivered from a physically compact, modular fixture that
Credit: Lucetta
can be manufactured domestically at a reasonable cost.
Lucetta builds fixtures with CelTECH technology in Reno,
Nevada with rapid lead times, so that installation is simple,
quick, and effective. Additionally, due to the size and nature
of the materials and the efficiency of the supply chain,
the environmental impact of the manufacturing process
is significantly reduced compared to traditional fixture
manufacturing in the U.S. or abroad.

SPONSORED WHITE PAPER

 in strengthening our systems
and infrastructure, as well as
reaching out to our volunteers
to find out how they are doing.
Here are a few other noteworthy
things we’ve accomplished and
continued during this time:
• In this era of misinformation,

President’s
we provided a clear path
to research-driven, expert-
reviewed, consensus-based

Perspective
information and have trans-
formed all of our Standards
and technical documents
into the new 100% digital IES
Antonio Garza, LC Lighting Library™.
• We have built a solid educa-
tional hub on our webpage
ike many of you, I try to exercise regularly to keep in shape. where members can fulfill
I always feel better when I am done with my training session, their needs for content and
even if it only consists of running a few miles on the treadmill, training (and CEUs!) through
although sometimes my body reminds me of my age with aches live or on-demand webi-
and pains afterwards. That’s why I have always admired those who Like a nars via our award-winning
go a step further and participate in competitive long-distance running well-trained eLearning portal.
(10K is my personal best), especially marathon runners. The training marathon • We realized the importance
they go through in preparation for the 26.2-mile race is designed to runner, of improving our communica-
not only get them ready physically, but also mentally. tion with students who in the
we must
It is well documented that many marathon runners face a phe- near-future will be a part our
nomenon known as “hitting the wall” filling them with a deep wave
rely on our lighting industry and the IES.
of fatigue, usually around the half-way mark. Research shows that resiliency, The University Membership
runners “hit the wall” because they run out of glycogen (a type of maintain an program offers a member-
carbohydrate) and as a result, have to burn mostly fat to keep them optimistic ship to the students and
going. This is extremely taxing, not only for the body, but also for mindset lead faculty in a four-year
the mind because glycogen depravation can cause the brain to want and push lighting program, while giv-
to shut down activity as a preservation method. This is fertile ground ing them 10 simultaneous
forward
for negative thinking and for the inner-self to signal it is time to quit. access points to the Lighting
Experienced runners prepare for “hitting the wall” and are ready to to the Library™.
face it, to dig deeper and finish the race. finish line • We have been sensitive to
The COVID-19 pandemic has many of us feeling like a marathon our responsibility to ensure
runner that has “hit the wall” or is about to do so. It has been more a diverse, respectful and fair
than a year now and we are still not sure how much longer we can environment for our members
go under the current conditions. We are tired physically and men- and allies. The creation of
tally, and the thought of giving up has crossed our minds. The IES the Diversity, Equity, Inclusion
is no different and these last months have been a huge test for our and Respect Committee with
Society, the lighting industry as a whole, as well as us as individuals. the task of supporting and
Like a well-trained marathon runner, we must rely on our resiliency, leading short- and long-term
maintain an optimistic mindset and push forward to the finish line. changes across all levels of
At the IES we have worked hard to keep the positive attitude that our Society is an important
is required to beat the feeling of “hitting the wall.” The IES has been first step in that direction.
preparing for this crucial moment in our race, both in “body” and Just as elite marathon runners
“mind.” We’ve had to look outward and analyze our interactions do, the IES leans on a great
with the lighting industry and its affiliates, while also looking inward team when preparing to reach
to improve the way we service our membership. This has resulted the finish line. I want to recog-

10 LD+A April 2021 www.ies.org

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President’s Perspective
nize the commitment of the IES
staff that has worked tirelessly
to get our Society in shape
for the long run. Our Board of
Directors has provided much
needed leadership to keep
pushing in the right direction
and leading the way in accor-
dance with our strategic plan.
However, none of this would be
possible without the dedication
and passion of our volunteer
members whose work at the
Section, District and Regional
levels provide the glycogen the
IES needs to reach the goal. If
you are still not participating,
now is the time to contribute—by
attending a Section meeting,
volunteering for committee work,
or registering for a conference
or tradeshow for the first time,
THE LIGHTING LIBRARY®
REPLACES AND UPDATES ALL PAST
IES STANDARDS AND HANDBOOK
Historical Standards
For more information visit www.ies.org/standards/ies-standards-cross-reference/
12 LD+A April 2021 www.ies.org
you can be a strong advocate
for our Society.
As an optimist, I truly believe
the IES is a well-trained entity
and even if we are still in the
middle of the race and even-
tually hit the wall, we will get
through it. We have a wealth of
resources and a solid support
system that provide strength
when we think we are running
enlighten
on empty. When all this is over,
I am convinced that we will feel
YOurself
the wonderful rush that a mara-
thon runner experiences at the
finish line, knowing they gave
Check out our
it their all. If there is anything
podcasts online
the IES can do to help you get www.ies.org/podcasts
there, please let us know. Let´s
keep pushing forward and cross
that finish line together.
Handbook – 10th edition The Lighting Library®
 SIGHTS
Exit Sign Era • Education Updates • LiFi Expands

Exit Signs Are Due for a Check-up

If we were to take a trip down the memory lane of LEDs, we’d be walking for
decades before reaching exit signs. But clearly seeing these critical safety indicators
might be difficult. Like many of the major early solid-state lighting applications, exit
signs are now well into adulthood—and due to lumen depreciation, their age is starting
to show. While life/safety codes require periodic inspection to confirm operation, they
do not require any checks on the signs’ luminance. The result: a number of older, yet
still operating exit signs may no longer be producing enough brightness for visibility
under critical conditions such as in a smoky room.
This problem is the basis of a research study being conducted by Dr. Mariana
ww
Figueiro’s team at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai in New York City, spon-

www.ies.org April 2021 LD+A 13

(continued from p. 13)
sored by Colorado Lighting, Inc., the interNational Association
of Lighting Management Companies (NALMCO) and the Jim H.
McClung Lighting Research Foundation.
According to Norma J. Frank, CEO of Colorado Lighting, the lumen
maintenance of direct-emission red LEDs is generally very good,
however, performance can vary across products and LED type, such
as if an exit sign is manufactured with low- or medium-powered
LEDs. Manufacturer-provided test results show that it’s possible to
CLTC Releases
have a projected lifetime—defined as 30% lumen depreciation—as Updated Title 24
Videos

10
short as 36,000 hours even for high-power red LEDs. For exit signs
operating 24/7 and 365 days a year, that’s less than five years.
Goals of the study include developing a field-based testing The California Lighting
method to measure the average luminance of exit signs with suf- Technology Center (CLTC) has
ficient accuracy and precision; validating the method through in situ released updated, introductory
measurements at a limited number of locations; determining if there videos focused on 2019 Title
is a relationship between the documented (or estimated) age and 24, Part 6 lighting requirements.
average luminance of the exit signs evaluated in the field; and gain- The videos are designed to
Years
ing insight regarding the frequency of exit signs that do not meet the increase knowledge and imple-
covered
minimum luminance requirements. mentation of code-compliant
by Xicato's
The team hopes an understanding of the problem and its scope lighting in California’s non-
extended
will lead to guidance for the maintenance and replacement of exit residential and residential build-
warranty
signs. “The study could result in a significant revision of lighting main- ings. Each video introduces a
on lumen
tenance practices and potentially influence future development of specific topic in the 2019 ener-
and color,
NFPA 101,” Frank says. “I hope to return to LD+A in approximately 12 gy code, including: lighting con-
received by
months to share the results.” trols technologies and require-
its line of
LEDs with ments; lighting alterations; light-
Corrected ing controls acceptance testing;
and high efficacy lighting.
MERGERS & MORE Cold
Phosphor Developed with funding from
• Amerlux has announced a partnership with Vyv, a health tech Technology Southern California Edison
company whose signature continuous-use, non-UV antimicrobial and in collaboration with RMS
light technology will be added into Amerlux’s lighting fixtures. Energy Consulting, LLC and the
• Kenall has partnered with BIOS to provide a new, biologic California Energy Commission,
circadian LED lighting option. the series of videos can be
• Panasonic Lighting Americas, Inc. has announced a strategic found at https://cltc.ucdavis.
partnership with Inter-Lite Sales (ILS). Based in Coquitlam, edu/project/2019-title-24-part-
British Columbia, the agency will support both Universal 6-lighting-education-videos.

28
Lighting Technologies (ULT) and Douglas Lighting Controls

%
(DLC) distributor networks across the British Columbia region.

They Said It…

“Multifunctional spaces pose new challenges: Will every Drop in the per-fixture
surface be considered a work surface and need to comply incremental cost of the
with local codes and regulations? Are hybrid spaces that most basic Luminaire Level
may or may not also function as an office subject to the Lighting Controls (LLLC)
between 2017 and 2020,
same stringent regulations?” according to the Northwest
Maria del Pilar Toro-Ortiz, “Office Design in a Post-COVID World,” p. 41 Energy Efficiency Alliance

14 LD+A April 2021 www.ies.org


The National Electrical
Manufacturers Association (NEMA)
has announced the creation of its
new Seismic Council. The Council
seeks to assist manufacturers with
their efforts to qualify their equipment,
help NEMA develop product-specific
standards, and monitor critical seismic
standards.
Photo: Courtesy of Signify/MediaCentrum Defensie
The Nuclear Summit at the
World Forum The Hague.
LiFi Heads to the
Convention Center
The World Forum, a conven-
tion/events venue in The Hague,
Netherlands hosts some of the most
high-profile conferences in the world,
including the Global Conference
on Cybersecurity, the World Press
Freedom Conference and the Climate
Adaptation Summit.
As such, the venue consistently
strives to be a front-runner in safety
and security—and its latest effort
comes in the form of lighting.
Following a recent installation of
Signify’s Trulifi LiFi system, guests in at
least one of the World Forum’s meet-
ing rooms can now connect to their
devices via light waves rather than
radio waves.
The system is expected to provide
secure, reliable and high-speed wire-
less connectivity, with the same stan-
dards for ease of use and comfort as
other wireless technologies. The tech-
nology also limits the network to inside
the room, and security can be further
controlled with additional custom
encryption and specific access keys.
www.ies.org April 2021 LD+A
Events
3
1. August 5-7:
The IES Annual Conference will take
place at the Hilton New Orleans
Riverside in New Orleans. The event
provides a range of educational pro-
gramming on the art, design, science
and research of lighting relevant to
lighting professionals, educators and
related design disciplines.
www.ies.org/ac
2. August 17-18:
LEDucation 2021 will take place at
the New York Hilton Midtown in New
York City. Organized by the Designers
Lighting Forum of New York (DLFNY),
LEDucation provides a marketplace for
solid-state lighting innovations, as well
as a range of accredited seminars.
www.leducation.org
3. September 21-22:
The first ArchLIGHT Summit will take
place in the Dallas Trade Mart. The
trade event and educational platform
for architectural, specification and
design communities will include ac-
credited seminars, hands-on lab learn-
ing and panel discussions.
www.archlightsummit.com
4. October 11-13:
The IES Street & Area Lighting Confer-
ence (SALC) will take place at the Mar-
riott Marquis in Atlanta. With a primary
focus of improving outdoor lighting, the
conference program provides outdoor
Insights
5
2
4
1
6
lighting training classes, seminars, net-
working sessions and an exhibit hall.
www.ies.org/salc
5. October 25-29:
LightFair 2021 will take place at the
Jacob K. Javits Convention Center.
The event is the world’s largest annual
architectural and commercial lighting
trade show and conference, with over
500 exhibitors, hundreds of industry-
related courses and networking oppor-
tunities with industry leaders.
www.lightfair.com
6. November 10-11:
Enlighten Asia 2021 will take place
in Tokyo. Organized by IALD Japan,
the conference offers a platform for
lighting professionals to exchange
knowledge about architectural lighting
and the built environment in Asia and
beyond. Online and in-person experi-
ences, and English translation and/or
captions, will be available.
www.iald.org
15

L
EDs have changed every-
thing, except the physics
of lighting. 
Historically, the biggest prob-
lem with cove lighting was see-
ing dark spots or socket shad-
ows where the linear fixtures
met, or gaps near the end of the
coves.  Now we have tiny LEDs
that are literally one quarter the
size so that we can reduce the
cove size and make them even
smaller, right? Wrong.
Fluorescents were omni-direc-
tional so they would emit light
in all directions, most of which
could be trapped in the cove.  their tools can fit to properly
Several manufacturers devel-
oped special optics to “throw”
the light farther across the ceil-
ing. This helped, but the more
that the light grazes the ceiling
at small angles, the more ineffi-
cient it is; remember that Cosine
correction issue.  This can be
exacerbated with a reflective
ceiling which will also allow you
to directly see the images of the
light sources.  So as a designer,
what is your vision?  If it is to
have a pinstripe hallow, a small
cove could work, but if you want
a soft even glow across the
entire ceiling, then a deeper and
wider cove is required.
T ake a look at this photo. 
The same cove and the
same LED lighting product. 
Which side do you prefer?  For
the best results, the design
team and the contractors should
work in unison to make sure that
what gets installed matches the
designer’s vision.
16 LD+A April 2021 www.ies.org
of the tr ade Cove Lighting
With that, remember these top
10 cove recommendations:
1. The upper ceiling surface
should be painted matte
and the interior should be
also painted matte white.
2. Align the top of the lip of the
cove with the top of the light
fixture, to avoid a visible
hotspot.
3. Make the cove big enough
so the light will wash the
surface that you intend.
4. Make the cove big enough
so that the contractor and
install it.
5. Use line voltage sources,
or otherwise properly coor-
dinate the position of the
drivers.
6. Select the proper beam
The same cove and LED spread and detail it properly
lighting product with different so the orientation and aim-
results on each side. ing is documented.
7. Use an aluminum channel
or heatsink, as it helps the
contractor to install long,
straight runs.
8. Remember coves require
structure to support their
cantilevered ends and even
a ladder for maintenance.
9. When in doubt, mock it up.
10. Proper details will help
ensure your desired effect is
installed.
Chip Israel, Fellow IALD, LC,
LEED AP, Fellow IES
Lighting Design Alliance
Bottom Line:
Just because you can now make
coves smaller, you probably
shouldn’t.
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An Eye on the Future Are the days of color tuning numbered?
ur Sun incandesces 93
million miles away, irra-
diating its planets with
an electromagnetic (EM)
spectrum of waves that include
gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet,
visible light and infrared rays
(Figure 1). Fortunately, the rays
that are harmful to humans are
absorbed by the oxygen in the
atmosphere in the path to Earth.
The visible light spectrum var-
ies by frequency, which corre-
sponds with colors that individu-
als discriminate differently in the
human visual system. “Beauty
lies in the eyes of the behold-
er”—and so does color.
For proof, in 2015, we had
“Dressgate,” where 37 million
people viewed a dress that 57%
said was blue and black, 30%
said was white and gold, and
11% said was blue and brown,
regardless of light source. So, if
a specific color of light is critical
to serving some visual effect,
only a mock-up can demon-
strate to a designer and client if
it “succeeds.”
Graphic: Courtesy of NASA, redrawn by IES
Figure 1. Comparison of wavelength, frequency and energy for the
electromagnetic spectrum.
18
EnergyWillard Warren
This concept isn’t new. One
half century ago, when the New
York Section of the IES created
the Lumen Award and photo-
graphs of installations were
submitted for consideration, we
required that one or more of our
committee members view each
site personally. Even in those
days you could touch up a pho-
tograph. Today, photoshopping
is an art form.
Color tuning is complicated
and tricky, especially with
LEDs, which vary so much in
color that they must be selec-
tively binned. This holds true
for office design, which has
changed significantly since
the arrival of COVID-19. In the
article “Office Space” in the
New Yorker magazine, author
John Seabrook claimed that the
pandemic “has transformed the
office forever.” Seabrook report-
ed that a global advertising firm
that transitioned to working from
home in March 2020 boasted
LD+A April 2021 www.ies.org
that “we have seen productivity
go through the roof.”
During the last 30 years, office
layouts have changed from hav-
ing private offices on the exterior
and cubicles on the interior, to
having team-oriented open-plan
designs to encourage collabora-
There will tion and save space. Instead of
accomplishing these goals, the
be less
shift increased worker distraction
need for
and provided fewer rooms for pri-
automatic vate consultations. Furthermore,
color tuning today, with digital tools and video
because it conferencing technology, office
can become work can be done from “some-
contentious where else.” When the pandemic
ends, it is predicted that at least
when
30% of the workforce will still be
people working remotely using virtual
share a meetings, and some employees
room may be hoteling to the office for
a day or two a week.
In the future, more daylight
will be introduced to promote
the connection to our circadian
rhythms, conserve energy and
eliminate the cost effectiveness
of daylight harvesting. Further,
there will probably be less
need for automatic color tun-
ing because it’s complex and
expensive and can become
contentious with people sharing
a room. However, there certainly
will be significant savings in
the rental cost for employers
with the continued adoption of
employees working from home.
Willard L. Warren, PE, LC,
Fellow IES, DSA, is principal of
Willard L. Warren Associates.
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The IES Goes to Washington All the ‘hallowed halls’ where we make our mark
here will the Society
have an impact in our
nation’s capital on a
given day? Here are
just a few places to look:
IES in the Oval Office.
Anyone with a keen interest
in the intersection of science
and policy may enjoy a surge
of endorphins released by
reviewing recent White House
Executive Orders, where sci-
ence is once again front and
center. On Day 1 of the Biden
Administration, after sign-
ing Executive Orders toward
advancing racial equity (E.O.
13985), ensuring an accurate
census (13986), organizing the
COVID-19 federal response
20 LD+A April 2021 www.ies.org
PolicyAlex Baker
(13987), preventing and com-
bating discrimination (13988),
and codifying Executive Branch
ethics commitments (13989),
the President’s attention was
focused on…the IES, of course!
Yes, that’s a gross exaggera-
tion, but day one E.O. 13990
Protecting Public Health and
the Environment and Restoring
Science to Tackle the Climate
Crisis directs federal agencies
“to immediately review and…
take action to address the
promulgation of Federal regula-
tions and other actions during
the last 4 years that conflict
with these important national
objectives,” which include
“reduc[ing] greenhouse gas
emissions” and “bolster[ing]
resilience to the impacts of cli-
mate change.”
Among other things, the
E.O. directs the Department of
Energy (DOE) to “consider pub-
lishing for notice and comment
a proposed rule suspending,
revising, or rescinding the…
‘Final Determination Regarding
A tour Energy Efficiency Improvements
through in ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard
the corridors 90.1-2016.’ ” This is curious; at
of D.C. a glance, the energy savings
of the Standard 90.1-2016 ver-
sion versus the 2013 version
appears to be in question, and
the E.O. directs the same steps
for the 2018 International Energy
Conservation Code (IECC).
Strange as this seems, it may
simply be a move to accelerate
the Department’s analyses and
Final Determinations for the next
versions of these energy codes.
DOE’s response is due by May.
IES at the IRS. ANSI/
ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1
plays a prominent role in another
matter I’m following closely along
with Mark Lien, IES industry
relations manager. Federal tax
deduction 179D, first codified in
2006, references Standard 90.1
to incentivize commercial build-
ing taxpayers to invest in more
energy efficient interior lighting,
building envelope, heating, cool-
ing, ventilation and hot water sys-
tems, for new construction and
renovation. Building owners—or
the people primarily responsible
for the systems’ design in case
of government-owned property—
have historically received up to
$1.80 per sq ft for exceeding
Standard 90.1 performance
requirements. Compliance is
informed by IRS Notices and
determined using DOE quali-
fied software. A fully qualifying
property is one which saves
50% “of the combined energy
for the interior lighting, HVAC
and hot water systems as com-
pared to a reference building
that meets the minimum require-
ments of…Standard 90.1-2007
for buildings placed in service
on or after 1/1/2016.” A second
pathway makes smaller deduc-
tions of $0.60 per sq ft avail-
able for those undertaking only
lighting, or envelope, or HVAC
and hot water improvements. A
third pathway to the deduction
is through the Interim Lighting
Rule, wherein “interim” appar-
ently denotes the period between
2006 and the end of time. This
rule provides a sliding scale
incentive up to $0.60 per sq ft
for reductions in LPDs of 25%
to 40%, or 50% for warehouses.
These are the three longstand-
ing pathways for tax deduction
179D, which was set to expire on
December 31, 2020.
Deep inside the mammoth
Consolidated Appropriations Act
of 2021 (H.R. 133) signed into
law the last week of the year,
Congress permanently extended
the deduction to the delight of
many in the energy efficiency
community. Not only was the
deduction made permanent, and
applicable to property placed
in service after December 31,
www.ies.org April 2021 LD+A
2020, Congress also included
an inflation adjustment above
the $1.80 per sq ft starting
point. Some regard this as an
insufficient incentive to move
the market, and Congress’ habit
in recent years of only funding
179D retroactively has never
helped, but at least the deduc-
tion will now keep pace with
inflation. Hey, it’s better than a
kick in the head.
Here’s the problem. Achieving
50% combined energy savings
was relatively easy back when
the bar was set at the 2007
version of Standard 90.1. But
in H.R. 133, Congress also
struck the tax code reference
to Standard 90.1-2007, and
replaced it with “Reference
Standard 90.1,” defined as the
most recent Standard 90.1 ver-
sion “which has been affirmed
by the [Treasury] Secretary, after
consultation with the Secretary
of Energy.” Today, Standard
90.1–2016 is the most recent
version for which DOE has
issued a positive Determination
stating that the new version
saves more energy compared to
the previous version. A positive
Determination for the 2019 ver-
sion is anticipated this year. As
you may recall from other LD+A
columns, the lighting require-
ments in the 2019 version of
Standard 90.1 vary significantly
from the 2016 version in two
important ways. First, 2019
lighting power densities (LPDs)
are, for the first time, aligned
with the illuminance recom-
mendations published in ANSI/
IES Recommended Practices.
Secondly, and quite importantly:
nearly all of the luminaire mod-
els studied to establish baseline
luminaire performance in the
2019 version incorporate LEDs
as the primary light sources.
Calculating from LPDs back
to luminaire efficacy, an initial
analysis shows that for some
luminaire types, besting 90.1-
2019 by just 30% puts the
required luminaire efficacy into
the bleeding edge performance
range. For others, DOE’s projec-
tions for SSL luminaire efficacy
in the year 2035 fall short of
the performance required to
meet today’s new 179D deduc-
tion requirements. Since the
tax code includes no lighting
quality requirements, attempts
to secure the required percent-
age savings over 90.1-2019 are
likely to be achieved through
compromises in proper lighting
design, namely by designing
below ANSI/IES Recommended
Practice levels. This would com-
promise the safety, security and
performance of building occu-
pants, while elevating liability
risks for building owners.
IES in Congress. The solu-
tion to this new 179D problem
unfortunately lies outside the
purview of the Executive Branch;
the solution must be legislated.
Mark and I are in touch with a
wide variety of stakeholders,
looking to build understanding
of the problem. One adjust-
ment seems obvious: requiring
project compliance with ANSI
recommended lighting levels—as
published by the IES—for build-
ing owners claiming the 179D
tax deduction. Meanwhile, other
21
Policy

stakeholders are considering jobs, promote fiscally and envi- ments by “amend[ing] the
H.R. 133 a mere down payment ronmentally responsible poli- Internal Revenue Code of 1986
toward a grander vision of the cies, address climate change, to allow 10-year straight line
179D tax deduction, angling for improve federal project approv- depreciation for energy efficient
an increase of the deduction to als, and address the digital qualified improvement property.”
$3 per sq ft (with inflation adjust- divide.” The Chamber rightly For lighting, “qualified” refers
ment), and fortunately, more notes that “each Congress to performance as captured
rational percentages over the and every new Administration in the latest version of the
2019 version of Standard 90.1. includes infrastructure as a top International Green Construction
IES also recently joined two priority.” Maybe this year ide- Code (IgCC). The IES is in good
coalitions pressing for other ation will give way to action. company with co-signers from
federal legislation. The first is Finally, revisiting the dozens of other organizations
the Build by the Fourth of July Qualifying Investment Property including the Alliance to Save
coalition, organized by the (QIP) problem (see September Energy, the American Institute
U.S. Chamber of Commerce. 2018 “Policy Points”), IES has of Architects, the International
This is not a literal request, but joined the E-QUIP Coalition Code Council, the International
rather an attempt by more than pushing for passage of the WELL Building Institute and the
300 signatories to push “for bipartisan Energy Efficient U.S. Green Building Council.
enactment of comprehensive Qualified Improvement Property
legislation before July 4, 2021 Act (the E-QUIP Act). For a
that will: repair and update period of five years, the Act
our crumbling infrastructure, would encourage investments Alex Baker is manager of govern-
stimulate our economy and in commercial and multifamily ment affairs and public policy for
create middle-class sustaining building performance improve- the IES.

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22 LD+A April 2021 www.ies.org

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Specify and Conquer A look at two barriers to TM-30 use and how to master them
efore the advent of LEDs,
light sources—such as
incandescent, linear
fluorescent, metal halide,
high-pressure sodium, etc.—had
limited spectral flexibility and
a lighting practitioner could
develop an internal sense of
the color appearance of objects
under the few sources that were
commercially available. CRI
may have been “good enough,”
since it was largely a supplement
to an experienced specifier’s
knowledge of existing sources.
To the lighting industry, LEDs
have brought increased spectral
diversity and with that a need for
performance measures to evalu-
ate and differentiate products. In
most cases, a single-measure
specification is insufficient. To
harness the full potential of
LEDs, an expanded specification
framework is needed.
That expanded framework is
ANSI/IES TM-30, IES Method for
Evaluating Light Source Color
Rendition. TM-30 has many
potential benefits—including
increasing the efficient pairing
of a light source spectrum with
the intended application—though
many specifiers in the industry
still lean heavily on CRI. In this
article we identify two barriers
of TM-30 use and offer sugges-
tions for how lighting practitio-
ners might overcome them.
Barrier 1 - Complexity
Obstacle: TM-30 feels compli-
cated.
24 LD+A April 2021 www.ies.org
color
Tony Esposito and Jess Baker
Remedy: To combat complexity,
we offer this important central
idea: all measures of color ren-
dition are relative. That is, they
tell us something about our light
source relative to a standard-
ized reference illuminant (the
reference illuminant is a smooth,
broadband light source at the
same CCT). Memorize this idea
and navigating the world of
color rendition is much simpler.
Through this lens, we offer sim-
plified descriptions of the four
main measures of TM-30 that
can serve as your North Star:
• Rf: Average Fidelity – the
average deviation from the
source’s reference illuminant.
It only indicates the magni-
tude of the difference, not the
direction (direction is impor-
tant because it tells us about
hue shift and saturation of
colors). Higher is closer to
the reference illuminant,
which may not necessarily be
better for the intended appli-
cation.
• Rg: Average Gamut Area
– the average increase or
decrease in chroma relative
to the source’s reference
illuminant. Contains no infor-
mation about specific hues
(colors).
• Rcs,h1: Local Chroma Shift
Hue Bin 1 (Red) – indicates
the specific increase or
decrease in chroma (higher
is more vivid), relative to the
source’s reference illuminant,
for red hues.
• Rf,h1: Local Color Fidelity
Hue Bin 1 (Red) – indicates
the specific magnitude (not
direction) of deviation, rela-
tive to the source’s reference
illuminant, for red hues. Does
not indicate direction (i.e.,
hue or saturation).
Armed with these four mea-
To harness sures, specifiers can use TM-30
the full Annex E “PVF” specification
categories to simplify and expe-
potential of
dite the specification process.
LEDs, an “P” is for “preference,” “V” is for
expanded “vividness” and “F” is for “fidel-
specification ity.” Here is a four-step process
framework for determining your PVF speci-
is needed fication. The design intents are
described in the Annex E table
reproduced here for quick refer-
ence. If reading in print, please
cut this out and hang it up!
Step 1: Determine the prima-
ry design intent(s). Is a single
design intent sufficient, or is
a combination desired?
Step 2: Determine the prior-
ity level for the design. How
important is achieving the
desired intent?
Step 3: Determine criteria
using Annex E Table. Where
multiple criteria occur, com-
pare criteria, and choose the
stricter.
Step 4: Find light sources.
Focus on the metric most
important to your goal to nar-
row your search.
Let’s look at an example:
The specifier for a cathedral
church feels that using luminaires
to boost reddish tones improves
the appearance of the prominent
warm wood architecture and
helps to create a welcoming
environment. Using Annex E

Photo: Courtesy of Schuler Shook

(Table 1), the specifier for this
project set a specification of “P1”
preference and a “V3” vividness
priority goal. This ensures that
this enhancement will be taste-
ful overall while also making the
Figure 1. An illustrative example of a project specified using CRI/R9 (left) vs. TM-30 (right).
existing wood look inviting.
Figure 1 shows an illustrative
example of this project specified
using CRI/R9 (left) vs. TM-30
(right). The “high CRI” approach,
at best, would only make the
space appear somewhat like it
would under a standard refer-
ence source. In contrast, the
TM-30 spec can accommodate
the original rendition goal of
the designer: a space that most
people will like more. While
the “high CRI” design may be
acceptable, many will find the
increased red saturation and
the enhanced wood tones to
be more pleasing, especially
in a side-by-side comparison.
Readers can find a more
detailed guide of the Annex
E table in the article “Using
TM-30 to Improve Your Lighting
Design” in the IES FIRES blog.
Table 1. TM-30 Annex E table with PVF specification categories.
Barrier 2 - Data Availability
Obstacle: TM-30 data is hard
to track down. Few manufactur-
ers publish the data while con- anywhere that CRI/R9 informa- the information required. Here is
versely, CRI and R9 are readily tion is available, TM-30 informa- what to request:
available—often indicated in the tion could also be available.
fixture’s catalog number. Also, If the four main measures are 1. First, request the TM-30 Full
change is hard. available, such as on a manu- Color Rendition Report. This
Remedy: TM-30 is computed facturer’s spec sheet, great. is a report generated by the
from the same data as CRI/ Problem solved. If not, lighting IES TM-30 calculator and
R9 —the SPD curve. Theoretically, specifiers will need to push for contains the four measures

www.ies.org April 2021 LD+A 25

Color

described above. An exam- tor (downloadable with the compute the measures using
ple report can be found on p. TM-30 document for free the TM-30 calculator (see
24-25 of TM-30 (free down- from the IES website). point 2).
load from the IES website). 3. If all else fails, request a
2. If a TM-30 report is not avail- sample and measure the Specifiers can use TM-30 to
able, request the SPD data. fixture’s SPD curve using a capture the full breadth of the
You can compute all TM-30 spectrometer. Many devices visual experience and replace
measures using this data that measure SPD also pro- insufficient and outdated met-
and create your own reports vide TM-30 measurements; if rics. We hope these remedies
using the IES TM-30 calcula- not, extract the SPD data and help make specifying LED color
rendition simpler and reveal
the need for readily available
information. We recognize that
color rendition can be chal-
lenging. People with ques-

Meet your
tions can reach out to our IES
Color Committee co-chairs:
Tony Esposito (tesposito@

assistant
LightingResearchSolutions.com)
or Jason Livingston (jason@stu-
dio-tl.com). We are here to help.

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and head research scientist at
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Lighting Research Solutions LLC
TCP offers designers a full range of lighting and services and co-chair of the IES Color
to give your design the impact you desire. Committee. His specialties include
color science, color discrimination,
We engineer and manufacture our own lighting. We even
IES TM-30, human factors, experi-
create prototypes. TCP understands the power of light to
mental design, spectral modeling
elevate design – including your next project.
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The future of lighting is LED by TCP.
Jess Baker, Assoc. IALD, LC,
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designer in the Schuler Shook
330-995-6111 | TCPi.com
Chicago office.  She is a member
of the IES Color Committee and
specializes in designing human-
centric lighting and optimized color
rendition applications.

Back Issues
are now online
www.ies.org

26 LD+A April 2021 www.ies.org

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Assessing Horticultural Lighting Optical radiation should be chief among concerns
hile the sheer men-
tion of horticulture
lights can bring out a
snicker in those of us
thinking about recreational mari-
juana and Cheech and Chong
in the 1978 cult classic Up in
Smoke, the use and design of
horticultural lighting systems is
an extremely important and seri-
ous topic. The use of artificial
light to grow crops will increase
exponentially over the next two
decades as populations explode
and environmental conditions
deteriorate. Read on and enter
into the amazing world using
artificial photons to safely grow
life sustaining crops.
It’s no secret that as planet
Earth becomes increasingly
more populated one of the
many challenges society will
face is how to grow enough
crops for the masses quickly,
and with better yields. For a
myriad of reasons such as
unpredictable weather patterns,
lack of irrigation water, insect
infestation or available land,
farming on acreage will be less
and less possible or even desir-
able. The need to increase prod-
uct yield of crops per acre of
land will become a paramount
goal for farmers now, and well
into the future.
To better understand all the
excitement surrounding horticul-
ture lighting, a brief explanation
of some of the principles is
necessary. First off, an impor-
28 LD+A April 2021 www.ies.org
Safety Jerry Plank
tant element in crop production
is the understanding of photo-
synthesis which is the process
plants use to convert sunlight
into chemical energy stored
in molecules synthesized from
carbon dioxide and water. A
useful by-product or waste of
the photosynthesis process is
the release of oxygen. As far
back as 1861 French scientists
experimented and documented
using artificial light in grow-
ing plants as artificial light
sources were being invented
and improved. An article writ-
ten by Raymond M. Wheeler
of the NASA Biological Office
in December 2008 titled “A
Historical Background of Plant
Lighting” documents much of
the early research of artificial
light being used in plant growth.
Early reports of incandescent
lamps being studied for plant
growth were followed by
carbon arc lamps; however,
short lamp life requiring
frequent replacement and the
inability to emit wavelengths
conducive to photosynthesis
A look limited commercial use. As
at using lamp development evolved, arc
discharge lamps were invented
electric light
and improved and showed
to safely
great promise in growing plants
grow crops indoors. While the design
of discharge lamp sources
was improved in both hours
of life and wavelength, many
horticultural applications still
struggled with energy usage and
heat generated by the lamps.
The big leap forward for hor-
ticultural lighting was the inven-
tion and subsequent improve-
ment of LED sources—especially
today where technology has
improved the ability to produce
wavelengths conducive to pho-
tosynthesis. The ability to tailor
the spectrum of the photons
emitted from LED sources and
the reduction of heat and energy
usage has created a new resur-
gence of interest in LED horticul-
ture lights commercially.
Safety standards used by
NRTLs (Nationally Recognized
Testing Laboratories) evaluat-
ing lighting products typically
address electrical shock and
fire hazards, however, optical
radiation poses a greater risk to
the user of sophisticated LED
sources used in horticulture break last to prevent electrical ment per IEC 62471 across the
lighting today as researchers shocks during installation and wavelength range from 280 nm
try to increase photosynthetic servicing. through 1,400 nm—encompass-
efficiency. Accordingly, safety As part of ANSI/CAN/UL 8800 ing the spectral bands of 280
standards used to evaluate a light source shall be subjected nm to 400 nm for ultraviolet
horticulture lighting products to a photobiological assess- hazard; 300 nm to 400 nm for
in Canada and the U.S. incor-
porate requirements from
ANSI/CAN/UL 8800:2019, the
safety Standard for Horticultural
Lighting Equipment And
Systems, for fire and electri-
cal shock hazards; IEC 62471
(International Electrotechnical
Commission), Photobiological
safety of lamps and lamp
systems, addressing optical
radiation hazards; and IEC/TR
62471-2, Photobiological safety
of lamps and lamp systems-Part
2: Guidance on manufacturing
requirements relating to non-
laser optical radiation.
ANSI CAN/UL 8800 is rela-
tively straightforward, as far as
safety standards go, addressing
components, wiring, UV pro-
tection of polymeric materials,
grounding of conductors, lamp-
holders, environmental concerns
based on usage for damp or wet
locations, and exposure to dust
and water such is the case for
IP (Ingress Protection Ratings). One Vendor, Many Solutions
The means for connecting the Enhance Your Next Project With Brandon Industries®
horticulture luminaire to a source
of supply are also detailed for
We strive to make your life easier by being your single source provider
flexible cords, remote power for all of your Streetscape needs. Your time is valuable, and our team
sources, attachment plugs, mat- of experts will help eliminate the need to deal with multiple vendors.
ing receptacles and connectors
LED Lighting
in ANSI CAN/UL 8800.
Signage Systems
Particular attention should be
CBUs & Curbside Mailboxes
given to the ground connection Site Furnishings
on attachment plugs and mating
receptacles such that the ground
connection shall make first and 1-800-247-1274 | BrandonIndustries.com

www.ies.org April 2021 LD+A 29

 Safety
IES MEMBERSHIP
retinal blue light hazard; 400 nm
to 780 nm for retinal blue light or
thermal hazard; 780 nm to 1,400
nm for cornea/lens infrared haz-
ard; and 780 nm to 1,400 nm
for retinal thermal, weak visual
stimulus hazard.
The photobiological assess-
ment required in UL 8800 is
used to determine the Risk
Group which further delin-
eates the cautionary markings
required on the product. The
risk groups outlined in IEC
62471 are 0, 1, 2 or 3. Risk
Group 0 is exempt from caution-
ary markings whereas Groups
1 and 2 require labeling and
instructions for use outlining
a warning that possible risk
of injury to eyes and skin may
occur during use. Risk Group 3
is not permitted to be eligible for
IMPROVING a product Listing per UL 8800.
LIFE THROUGH It should be noted that UL
QUALITY OF 8800 allows fluorescent or HID
LIGHT sources that are user-replace-
able to avoid photobiological
testing, however, the stringent
marking warning of possible risk
of injury to eyes and skin must
be provided on the product and
instructions of use.
VISIT THE IES
Safety standards walk a fine
WEBSITE
line between what is reason-
WWW.IES.ORG/ able and what is not reasonable.
MEMBERSHIP Safety standards should not in
FOR MORE any way appear to be commer-
cial and support one technology
INFORMATION,
over another nor should a safety
OR CONTACT US AT standard preclude any emerg-
MEMBERSHIP@IES.ORG ing or new use of a technology.
In the case of ANSI/CAN/UL
8800:2019, a horticultural light
that is categorized as emitting
Risk Group 3 is not eligible for a
product safety Listing.
It is the purview of the stan-
dards-making bodies to iden-
tify risks based on proposed
30 LD+A April 2021 www.ies.org
usage under a given set of user
guidelines and a distinction
should be made as to whether
the equipment is for monitored,
unmonitored, controlled access
or uncontrolled access. Based
on various factors a Risk Group
3 product in a controlled instal-
lation where the light is shielded
from the user may prove to
solve a unique problem with an
unknown virus yet to be created.
The topic of optical radiation
has been debated and studied
for years and IEC 62471 does an
excellent job at delineating values
known to be hazardous in Table
6.1 which is titled “Emission lim-
its for risk groups of continuous
wave lamps.” In a world where
everyone wants to know defini-
tively the risks associated with a
product the truth is that optical
radiation hazards are a func-
tion of energy level of spectrum,
duration of exposure, distance
of exposure and skin pigmenta-
tion. As bacterias and viruses
emerge that threaten mankind,
technology for horticulture lights
may prove pivotal in mitigating
unknown risks in the future.
Jerry Plank, LC, is the CEO/founder
of Wilger Testing, an accredited
third-party laboratory testing for
product safety and performance.
enlighten
YOurself
Check out our
podcasts online
www.ies.org/podcasts
 SOLUTIONS
FOR
LIGHTING
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in the design and manufacture of
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©2021 Musco Sports Lighting, LLC · ADLDA21-1


Future-ready Luminaires The need to standardize sensors
lthough many luminaires
in buildings are being
replaced or upgraded
with LED technology, few
of the LED luminaires and retro-
fit kits sold today are equipped
with connected lighting systems
or Internet of Things (IoT) capa-
bilities. To date, only approxi-
mately 1% of installed lighting
systems are equipped to lever-
age connectivity between light-
ing devices and with other build-
ing systems for the purpose of
realizing additional savings and
value.1 This technology lag rep-
resents a major lost opportunity
both today and in the future.
Connected or IoT-enabled
luminaires supply data from sen-
sors, which can increase energy
savings, support sustainability
goals, and improve building and
business systems or operations
via asset tracking, space utiliza-
tion, wayfinding, CO2 sensing,
contact tracing or many other
applications.
Why focus on luminaires as
the connection hub for these
advanced sensors or IoT appli-
cations? Lighting already serves
as an “eye in the sky” in many
spaces and offers a good line
of sight for sensor applications.
Luminaires have both power and
the physical space to hold a
sensor and control gear. Some
luminaires already use sensor
technology (e.g., occupancy sen-
sors for energy and space utili-
zation) like that required by IoT
32 LD+A April 2021 www.ies.org
SSL
Kate Hickcox and Michael Myer
applications. These factors make
luminaires excellent receptacles
for smart sensors and controls.
Given such capabilities, why
aren’t we seeing more wide-
spread use of advanced sen-
sors? One reason is the lack of
standardization of lighting sen-
sor ports and communication.
As a result, interoperability, inter-
changeability and upgradeability
become problematic.
For example, if building own-
ers or facilities managers install
IoT-enabled luminaires today,
they may be locked into single-
vendor proprietary solutions
should they want to upgrade or
expand the lighting system in
the future. Lack of standardiza-
tion can also affect engineers
and designers by limiting com-
petition and making construc-
tion administration more difficult
as it limits open specification.
Specifiers want future-ready
luminaires that support open
specifications and bidding. Such
capabilities provide multiple
options of controls and IoT ven-
dors separate from the luminaire
specification.
To allow for widespread adop-
tion and successful long-term
installations of connected or IoT
luminaire systems, the industry
needs standardization around
data exchange, and a standard
physical sensor interface to
allow for future-proof flexibility of
sensor selection.
Currently, there are many sen-
sor dimensions and connection
types on the market. These can
vary widely in both connection
aperture shape and keep-out
space. Keep-out space, the
volume inside and outside the
luminaire where the sensor and
Widespread its components will be mounted,
adoption of must be kept open and free from
connected other components or elements.
lighting Luminaire manufacturers may
will require need special tooling for each
better data lighting control manufacturer’s
sensor due to the wide variety of
exchange
existing dimensions. For a lumi-
and sensor naire manufacturer that wants to
interface be sensor agnostic, such tooling
can quickly become a logistical
issue. Figure 1 depicts a small
sample of dimensions for round
sensors currently available.
There are many other shapes of
sensors and the overall sensor
market currently has many differ-
ent form factors and dimensions.
For manufacturers of
luminaire- level lighting
controls (LLLC), the shape
and size of lighting controls,
the keep-out space and the
electrical/data connection
for the sensors all present
a concern. The current
lack of standardization in
the market limits the use
of LLLCs by limiting sensor
options or requiring extensive
coordination during construction
administration. During the
design phase, the sensor must
 Illustration: PNNL
IoT luminaire sensor system opportunities.

be paired with the luminaire.

However, if a different vendor is
required, the design team must
make sure that the luminaire can
accommodate the new sensor

Illustration: PNNL
connection aperture, mounting
type and dimensions (the sensor
must fit within the open keep-
Figure 1. Examples of sensor dimensions and mounting apertures.
out space in the luminaire).
A common set of connection
apertures and keep-out spaces
would reduce this risk and
burden on the design team.
In 2017, the IoT-Ready Alliance
(composed of leading lighting,
building, management and IoT
companies) was formed with the
Illustration: modified by PNNL with approval from Zhaga

goal of creating a common stan-

dard for IoT-enabled lighting fix-
tures. The Alliance included sen-
sor dimensions into their scope.
In 2019, the IoT-Ready Alliance
aligned their efforts and merged
with the Zhaga Consortium. In
March 2020, Zhaga released the
Zhaga Interface Specification
Book 20, which focuses on four
sensor dimension configurations Illustration of luminaire components that are critical for future-ready IoT luminaires.

www.ies.org April 2021 LD+A 33

SSL
and corresponding aperture
dimensions for indoor luminaires.
Two other efforts began in
2020. The National Electrical
Manufacturers Association
(NEMA) began a similar effort
related to sensor dimensions.
NEMA’s draft document (in early
stages as of this publication)
specifically includes the Zhaga
keep-out space configurations
and connection apertures as well
as other keep-out space options.
Illustration: PNNL
Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory (PNNL) has been
developing an IoT-Upgradeable
Lighting Challenge that would
take advantage of some of these
specifications to help promote
adoption of advanced sensors
and IoT applications. As part of
the development of this upcom-
ing challenge, PNNL conducted
an analysis of existing luminaire-
mounted (internal or external)
sensors from more than 20
North American sensor manu-
facturers. The analysis assessed
whether the existing sensors on
the U.S. market would work with
the new Zhaga Book 20 specifi-
cations and with the draft NEMA
document. The resulting survey
focused on sensors in the U.S.
market with an electrical or data
interface of either low voltage or
DALI; the survey excluded any
sensors that were line voltage.
PNNL compared the internal
keep-out spaces and mounting
apertures of the 61 sensors on
the survey list with the published
Zhaga Interface Book 20 speci-
fications and the NEMA draft
specifications. In this survey, it
was found that an additional sen-
sor type, an externally mounted
sensor often seen in low- or
high-bay installations, was also
very common in the U.S.
PNNL found that many of the
34 LD+A April 2021 www.ies.org
Figure 2. Sensor-review results.
existing sensors on the North
American market already meet
the sensor shapes defined
by this Zhaga standard, even
though the standard has a
limited number of sensor
shape options (2 rectangular,
1 cylindrical, 1 rectangular with
cylindrical sensor). Of the 61
sensors that PNNL reviewed,
62% would work with both the
Zhaga Interface Book 20 inter-
nal keep-out specification and
components of the NEMA draft
specification (Figure 2). Other
sensors were close and could
meet the defined specifications
with small modifications.
Standardizing mounting aper-
tures, keep-out spaces and the
electrical/data connection will
make it possible to upgrade
the luminaires of the future, and
could lead to simpler lighting
controls installations. Such stan-
dardization focused on the phys-
ical connection between the
sensor and driver, as well as the
shared data and protocol, would
make a variety of sensors “plug
and play” in many different lumi-
naires—in both initial installation
and retrofits. Luminaire manu-
facturers could then develop
future-ready luminaires that can
be installed or upgraded (before
or after installation) with a wide
variety of sensors across mul-
tiple manufacturers.
Kate Hickcox is a lighting
research scientist at Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory.
She is a creative thinker in the
field of lighting, with over 15 years
of experience in both lighting
research and lighting design.
Michael Myer is a senior research-
er at Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, where he supports U.S.
Department of Energy programs
including energy codes, appliance
standards and field evaluations.
Reference
1. Energy Savings Forecast of Solid-State
Lighting in General Illumination Applica-
tions. December 2019. https://www.energy.
gov/sites/prod/files/2019/12/f69/2019_ssl-
energy-savings-forecast.pdf
 scgrp.com

Key Integrators of Smart City technology

StressCrete Group’s versatile luminaires and poles are
the essential backbone for technology integration and
intelligent lighting.
Let’s determine your unique solution together!
 Mission
Accomplished
State-of-the-art lighting is the International Spy Museum’s very
own secret weapon

By Samantha Schwirck
Photo: Nic Lehoux

36 LD+A April 2021 www.ies.org


ith any spy story, there’s something
thrilling about people sneaking around
and getting away with it—but the best
spy stories are the ones that really
keep you on the edge of your seat. Fittingly,
that’s exactly what the design team for the new
International Spy Museum in Washington D.C. did,
as the architects (Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners
and Hickok Cole) and the exhibit designers
(Gallagher & Associates) began working on the
project separately, leaving each to wonder how
their work would ultimately come together.
www.ies.org April 2021 LD+A
International Spy Museum
So, like any good double agent, Available Light
got cozy with both. “Serving two masters—architect
and exhibit designer—demands its fair share of cre-
ative engagement,” says Steven Rosen, president
and creative director of Available Light. “In these
situations, we have learned that assigning discrete
lead designer/project managers to each client
is our best course of action.” In this case, Matt
Zelkowitz, managing principal of Available Light’s
Boston Studio, was charged with the architectural
lighting while Ted Mather, managing principal of
the firm’s New York Studio, ran the exhibit lighting
37
team. “Ted and Matt were in constant communi- Above: Studies
cation,” Rosen adds. “In fact, the team writ large of how the
would oftentimes check in with us on coordination façade lighting
would present at
details because we were ‘in bed’ with both teams.”
varying distances
Lighting design as unofficial liaison was crucial for informed the
a project of this size and complexity, which opened angle, density

Photo: Nic Lehoux

in 2019 after a three-year design and construction
timeline. Dedicated to the tradecraft, history and
contemporary role of espionage, the new 120,000-
sq ft museum houses the largest collection of
international espionage artifacts currently on public
display. While the building replaces and doubles
the footprint of the original spy museum, its core
themes of deception, immersion, isolation, mys-
tery and peril were carried over to inspire “visual
metaphors” within the new design. “During daylight
hours the museum is hidden in plain sight,” Rosen
explains. “After dark, light becomes a metaphor for
mystery and intrigue as the building—accentuated
by dramatic red lines of the exoskeletal skin—cannot
contain the thrilling stories revealed inside.”
and scale of the
louvers.
Right: Indirect
light from
RGBW fixtures oozing out of the louvers,” Rosen explains. “This
mounted to a effect visually supports the notion of intrigue, sus-
catwalk handrail pense and drama occurring within the walls.”
“oozes” out from To achieve the aesthetic, RGBW, DMX program-
between the
mable luminaires (Acclaim Lighting) indirectly illu-
metal blades.
minate a surface behind the louvers. “The fixtures
were mounted to a catwalk handrail and pointed at
the back of the [mostly hidden] vertical wall of the
building,” Rosen says. “The resultant indirect light
filled the negative space and exited between the
louver blades.”
Meanwhile, an exterior-rated red strip fixture

T he building’s louvered metal façade, rendered

in vivid red light, provides the first example.
“We filled the volume created by an angular
façade screen hung in front of a vertical building
face with light, and the subsequent effect is light
(also by Acclaim Lighting)—composed of LED tape
in an aluminum enclosure with a diffusion lens—il-
luminates the interior of each red sloping truss
beam of the façade. “These ‘slopers,’ as they were
nicknamed, have become a signature look for the

38 LD+A April 2021 www.ies.org


Photo: Nic Lehoux
museum—especially at night as the framework can
be seen from great distances away,” Rosen says.
A special control algorithm was developed to
meet strict façade energy codes. “We determined
that running a DMX-controlled RGBW luminaire to
100% of all four colors was going to blow past the
energy code,” Zelkowitz explains. “However, for
maximum impact, we wanted the ability to run one
or two colors up to full intensity, so simply using a
lower wattage fixture was not desirable. We worked
with Acclaim to develop an algorithm that dynami-
cally throttles overall energy consumption while
maximizing color output, so, for instance, the red
channel can be run at 100% intensity, but when mix-
ing color, the algorithm will sense if the system is
approaching LPD limits and automatically and pro-
portionately reduce output of each color channel.”
www.ies.org April 2021 LD+A
International Spy Museum
O nce inside, the lighting “walks a thin line
between entertainment/immersive experience
and scholarly museum,” Rosen says. “A balance
of delicate artifacts [lit to conservation guidelines],
graphic panels, video content and interactive
exhibits creates a compelling journey.”
Guiding the journey is a monumental hanging
staircase, outlined by continuous handrail light-
ing and visible upon entry. “Due to the difficulty
of accessing fixtures hanging high up inside the
curtain-wall circulation space, it became clear that
lighting positions were best suited to architectural
integration,” Rosen explains. “Consequently, the
handrail of the iconic and sinuous hanging stair
doubled as an asymmetric distribution lighting
fixture that was created with a design-assist with
the stair contractor.”
As guests ascend to the three floors of gallery
space, general lighting with a wide contrast ratio,
as well as an emphasis on shadows, underscores
a sense of elusiveness, while also enhancing
a color palette that varies from poetic realism
to pop-culture fantasy. Pipe-mounted spotlights
provide accent lighting, with hardware integrated
in architectural details, display cases and 3D
exhibits to ensure a sophisticated presentation.
“When working on the light fixture aiming near the
very end of the process, the exhibit lighting design
team decided that a traditional track lighting
system might not afford the flexibility required to
successfully light everything in the exhibit,” Mather
says. “Clamp-mounted fixtures, affixed to a system
of steel pipes and powered by a distributed electri-
cal outlet system, was the installed solution. In this
way, fixtures could be rotated 360 deg around the
Continuous host pipe, affording many more options for achiev-
handrail lighting ing the perfect geometry for each lighting shot.”
defines the
A
suspended
bove the galleries, a point-of-light LED chan-
staircase that
guides the visitor delier (Studio 1 Thousand) marks the entry to
experience. two set-back floors of cantilevered multipurpose
conference/event space as well as the rooftop
terrace. “ ‘You have arrived’ is the statement we
wanted to make as the elevator doors slid open,”
Rosen says. “With spectacular views of Washing-
ton D.C. in all directions, setting the tone of the
gathering was critical.”
While the fixture is static, “the very act of mov-
ing through the space creates a kinetic effect
that is remarkable, dynamic and exciting,” Rosen
says. “The chandelier is semi-custom designed in
that the proportion of the volume, the number of
39
Photo: Albert Vecerka/Esto
At A Glance
• The project won a 2020 IES Illumination Award of
Merit for interior lighting.
• All white architectural lighting was specified at 3000K.
• Architectural LPD beat IES/ASHRAE 90.1 (2010) al-
lowances by more than 20%.
shapes and the resolution of the dot pattern can
be modified to be embraced by the space.”
Step lights integrated into the perimeter railing
of the roof deck illuminate the walking surface.
“Our brief for the roof deck was to protect the view
at night while making guests feel comfortable,”
Rosen says. “We worked with the architect to
integrate a small low-voltage LED step light into the
handrailing’s vertical support posts. Small but pow-
erful, the lights provide enough warning to guests
when they have reached their travel limit.”
N etworked architectural and theatrical light-
ing control systems assure a dynamic and
exciting visitor experience without wasted energy,
with architectural LPD beating IES/ASHRAE 90.1
(2010) allowances by more than 20%, and exhibit
lighting clocking in at just 1.98 watts per sq ft. “An
ETC Paradigm control system [commissioned by
Barbizon] has been scheduled so that on ‘normal’
days, the building lighting takes care of itself with
40 LD+A April 2021 www.ies.org
Lighting no staff intervention,” Rosen says, “but on special
hardware is days, programming of general and accent light-
concealed
ing can be manually overridden using a handheld
within displays,
complemented
device with customized menu screens for ease of
by dynamic use.” An ETC Unison Mosaic system controls the
exhibit exhibit gallery experience and presentation theater.
illumination from Additional control is in the hands of the visitor,
pipe-mounted as each guest is given a radio-frequency identi-
spotlights.
fication (RFID) card that provides personalized
participation and learning opportunities throughout
the journey. “At a few key moments, the lighting
system is programmed to respond to the RFID
communication signal, adding to an already action-
packed day in a museum,” Rosen says.
A bit of espionage might just be lighting design’s
new secret weapon.
THE DESIGNERS | Steven Rosen is president and
creative director of Available Light.
Matt Zelkowitz is managing principal of Available Light
Boston.
Ted Mather is managing principal of Available Light
NYC.
Kubik Maltbie was responsible for exhibit fabrication
and Eos Lightmedia was responsible for exhibit lighting
integration.

Office Design
in a Post-
COVID World
A roundtable discussion with members of the
design and manufacturing communities provides
insight into how the pandemic may reshape the
modern office
T
he more things change, the more they stay
the same…and yet, most of us have yet to
see life return to the world we knew in 2019.
In a recent IES/LD+A survey, 46% of respon-
dents stated their belief that the lighting indus-
try would return to its pre-COVID status in the
second half of 2021, while 40% of respondents
www.ies.org April 2021 LD+A
Roundtable
said not until 2022. Regardless of when indus-
tries begin to bounce back, many jobs will be
forever altered, a fact perhaps most easily seen
in the uncertainty surrounding the future of the
office. While many workers crave the face-to-face
interaction 2020 deprived us of, others would be
happy to make their Zoom calls from a hotel in
Tulum for the rest of their days…and others fall
somewhere in between.
Unfortunately, the uncertainty of what a post-CO-
VID workplace looks like affects more than just the
workers who fill that space—amongst others, it also
affects those who create the space. For insight into
what office design and lighting in a post-pandemic
world might look like, we talked to six industry
leaders including Rachel Fitzgerald, senior associ-
ate and lighting discipline lead at Stantec; Matthew
Hartley, principal at Matt Hartley Lighting LLC; Ma-
ria del Pilar Toro-Ortiz, technical director at Ideas
en Luz; Alessa Aguayo, director of international and
national accounts at Coronet LED; Michael Thorn-
ton, chief marketing officer at Focal Point LLC; and
By Kraig Kasler, president of Cooper Lighting Solu-
Katie tions. Here’s what they had to say:
Nale
41
How will the explosion in remote work
impact the market for office lighting
projects?   emanating from home will be sought-after in office
Fitzgerald: Many of our client
organizations are anticipating
smaller overall footprints, more
seat sharing and a higher pro-
portion of space dedicated to
collaboration, supporting orga-
nizational culture and alterna-
tive spaces for individual work
beyond the desk. Office lighting will adapt, accom-
modating a more flexible workforce with spaces
focused on collaboration and requiring adjustable
layers of illumination with variable controls to suit a
variety of users and their collaborative needs.  advancement of energy codes, but also to address
Toro-Ortiz: There will be a
transition period where hybrid
models will be used, and
eventually, our new normal
will settle. We have two areas
of opportunity: multifunctional
spaces and vertical lighting
for videoconferencing. Multi-
functional spaces pose new challenges: Will every
surface be considered a work surface and need
to comply with local codes and regulations? Are
hybrid spaces that may or may not also function as
an office subject to the same stringent regulations?  need for controls will increase
We also need to consider that many of these
spaces are improvised, which leaves a huge
window of opportunity for vertical lighting for
videoconferencing. If in the traditional office the
lighting recommendations are mainly horizontal,
our current situation poses a new challenge—verti-
cal lighting to appropriately model people’s faces
for videoconferencing.  enhanced the user’s appropriation of space. Now,
Thornton: From what I have
been reading and hearing,
the trend for a more con-
densed office space is being
reconsidered. Common areas
and conference rooms are
being modified or redesigned
to allow more space per
individual. It is unclear as to exactly how this will
impact office lighting. Most probably, comfortable
ambient lighting will remain necessary for open
seating areas and more specialized lighting will
42 LD+A April 2021 www.ies.org
be required for areas such as videoconference
rooms or communal spaces. A sense of comfort
spaces, which may translate into more “hospitality-
inspired” luminaires being used in these areas.
This could include technologies such as warm
dimming, which are not as prevalent in commercial
offices as in other verticals.
How important will controls be in office
lighting design, as spaces become more
flexible due to remote work teams?  
Fitzgerald: Lighting controls are constantly evolv-
ing and becoming more important as part of a holis-
tic lighting design solution. This is in part due to the
the changes in our workplace. With the increased
focus on collaboration, spaces are becoming
adaptable with layers of lighting that can be easily
adjusted to meet varying user needs. Additionally,
with the increased reliance on video calls, work
spaces need to be provided with not only adequate
horizontal illumination for the work plane, but also
quality vertical illumination that is comfortable and
adjustable for users to be well illuminated for video. 
Hartley: Controls have been a
growing market in the lighting
industry for years now, but the
more and more moving
forward. They will be used for
videoconferencing, daylight-
ing, adaptive lighting and other
emerging concepts like biophillia. 
Toro-Ortiz: In the past, lighting controls have
lighting controls will have to enable quick adapt-
ability of these new spaces to enhance the flexible
and collaborative nature of the new post-COVID
workplace. 
Aguayo: With more offices
sitting empty and reductions
in maintenance staff, there is
a big possibility that lights are
left on unnecessarily. Lighting
controls are important now
more than ever. With so many
great wireless solutions on the

market, I believe they should be specified on all of-
fice lighting projects. In addition to occupancy and
vacancy sensors, remote monitoring and controlla-
bility will help reduce electrical consumption when
no one is in the office.
Kasler: Office spaces will
continue to become more flex-
ible, but controls and connect-
ed lighting solutions will still
be required to solve higher
complexity problems beyond
light and energy management
including deeper insights as
to the usage, the location of people and resources,
and the optimization of the design and layout.
Do you think open-office plans will
continue to trend in the coming years, or
will a new layout define the office of the
future?  What might this change mean for
lighting?  
Fitzgerald: The debate between open or private
offices will be unique to each organizational culture
with neither going away entirely. Moving forward,
work spaces will be designed for efficiency and ef-
fectiveness and not a one-size-fits-all approach. As
companies shift to looking at how space can sup-
port individual users, we are seeing hybrid models
of people working from home and in the office.
Lighting systems will be more flexible with easy-
to-use controls for a variety of user groups. What
was once a single layer of office ambient lighting,
now needs to be a layered solution incorporating
indirect, direct and vertical perimeter lighting that is
all separately controlled.
Hartley: Open offices are still a popular concept
in design, but employers may become more cau-
tious about open-office designs with low partitions
in case of a future outbreak. With private offices or
even higher partitions, this will change the over-
all lighting design and control system for these
spaces. The focus of lighting design will shift from
visible glare and spacing criteria to layers of light
and overhead glare, as well as a need for more
diverse light distributions.
Aguayo: While divided and private offices may be
prioritized for health, they would diminish the inter-
personal communication that we are all missing
www.ies.org April 2021 LD+A
Roundtable
while we work from home. I have faith in the de-
sign community that an open office layout can be
achieved without risking the health of the building
occupants. I believe one design strategy is Germi-
cidal Ultraviolet lighting, specifically the upper-air
disinfection method, which allows for occupants to
freely move about the space while the air near the
ceiling is being disinfected.
Kasler: We think the future is trending towards
more communal work spaces and fewer offices
and cubicles. Smaller offices will help companies
reduce their carbon footprint as well as help corpo-
rations meet their sustainability goals. With this said,
lighting design will also have to adjust to these new
office space trends and we could see a growth in
suspended lighting. Additionally, fewer commuters
mean less parking, which means there could there
be an impact on outdoor lighting needs.
‘A sense of comfort emanating
from home will be sought-after in
office spaces, which may translate
into more “hospitality-inspired”
luminaires being used’
-Thornton
With the proliferation of remote work, is
there potential for the home office lighting
market to expand?  
Fitzgerald: Most residential lighting is not ad-
equate for working from home—something I
learned firsthand during the pandemic! Person-
ally, I had to add some indirect light to my home
office, increasing levels of ambient illumination in
my work area. As people adapt their home office
creating more “permanent” spaces to work from
home, lighting upgrades will be a key element to
any renovation. 
Toro-Ortiz: In short? Yes. In a matter of weeks,
we went from crowded offices and diverse spaces
43

‘Open offices are still a popular
concept in design, but employers may
become more cautious about open-
office designs with low partitions in
case of a future outbreak’
-Hartley
to improvised home offices that brought challeng-
es in and of themselves. We need to rethink better
home office solutions that satisfy our current re-
mote/hybrid office and the in-between. The transi-
tion between both spaces should be softer—a mix
of both home and office lighting in both spaces.
Aguayo: While I would like to say yes, I am not
convinced there will be big growth in the home of-
fice lighting market. On one hand, people may be
looking to set up a great home office but, unfortu-
nately, I do not think light fixtures are high on the
priority list. On the other hand, home improvement
projects have been extremely popular so there
could be an opportunity.
Thornton: The home office is a very personalized
and varied application where everyone gets to act
as the designer for his or her preferences. I’m sure
new lighting products targeting the home will flood
the market from a diverse global supply chain,
but it’s unlikely that something will be created that
adds a new value beyond what exists today. For
example, my home office is almost 100% lit with
daylight during the day and I use very little ambi-
ent and task lighting at night as most of my work is
computer-based.
Outside of COVID, do you see other
opportunities for promoting the benefits
of light and health in office design?
Hartley: Over the past six or more years adaptive
lighting has been developed, and this technology
is ready to be implemented for dimming and visible
spectrum control. This can allow users to follow
daylighting patterns, or simply change the mood
44 LD+A April 2021 www.ies.org
of a space. Biophillia is also a growing field where
integrating natural elements and forms has been
shown to increase well-being in the workplace.
Toro-Ortiz: Lighting has been shown to impact
mental health, which has become one of the big-
gest challenges for employees and employers to
manage in this continuously evolving work dynamic.
We need the right light for wellness, for shifting
activities and to bring people together. We need to
recover contrast strategies in the face of excessive
uniformity, understand the use of space in a human-
ized and flexible way, and above all, reassess light-
ing standards—from quantitative to qualitative.
Aguayo: Absolutely, humans spend 90% of their
time indoors and a good portion of that is spent in
offices. Access to natural light, proper light levels
and the ability to control color temperature and
brightness can make us all healthier, happier and
more productive employees.
Thornton: The connection between health, well-
being and light is going to increase as science
and technology continue to evolve. It is interesting
to watch as the science of light is getting quanti-
fied into defined best practices or recommenda-
tions. Many influencers, with differing interests and
opinions, are making their voices heard and, as a
result, a broad spectrum of solutions and recom-
mendations are promoted with various levels of
scientific backing. Allowing the IES to lead these
best practices is the best way to ensure that light
is properly and practically administered for the
well-being of the occupants.  
Kasler: Absolutely. We are spending more time
indoors than ever before and bringing the outdoors
inside through lighting is a growth opportunity as
we enhance well-being with higher CRI, color that
matches the outside based on time of day and
reducing glare to eliminate eye strain.
For more on the industry’s
response to the pandemic,
see #LetsTalkLight on the
IES LinkedIn page.
INTRODUCTION TO LIGHTING
7 MODULES. QUICK PACE. ON-DEMAND.

WHAT IT IS:
Introduction to Lighting to provide a fast-paced and practical understanding of
lighting vocabulary, equipment, regulations, and practices. You don’t need prior
lighting experience to enjoy the seven modules of this course:

1: How We See 5: Controlling Light

2: Light Generation 6: Lighting Codes and Standards
3: Light Sources 7: Maintaining Lighting Systems
4: Directing Light

YOU WILL LEARN TO:

 Explore the physics and interaction
of light and human vision.
 Explain the key terminology and
attributes of light source families
and types.
 Describe the attributes and
applications of luminaires.
 Describe the attributes and
applications of lighting controls.
 Identify the codes, regulations, and
standards that govern and guide
lighting practice.
 Survey lighting economics and
maintenance strategies.

NO CEUs
MEMBERS: $150 NON-MEMBERS: $200
LEARN MORE AT: elearning.ies.org/p/introtolighting
 Down To Earth and
Reaching for The Sky
Photos: Alan Blakely

46 LD+A April 2021 www.ies.org

 Blue Sky Resort

The lighting plan at a Utah resort unites the great

outdoors with tranquil interiors

By Paul Tarricone

O
Left: Lighting utside, the sky is a crisp blue. Inside, warm
for the pool deck earth tones, wood and stone dominate. Put
and wood-slat those colors together, toss in a dose of
screens had award-winning architectural lighting and you
to minimize
have 80,000 sq ft of seclusion and indulgence,
footcandles and
ensconced in 4,500 acres in Wanship, UT. “The
provide tightly
focused lumen structure glows with warmth in the saddle of the
output. austere hillsides where it resides,” says firm prin-
cipal Mansour Aghdasi of Electrical Engineering &
Right: “Blue Lighting Design (EELD), West Salt Lake City.
sky” was a
Nestled high in the Wasatch Mountain Range, the
design mantra.
To prevent Blue Sky Resort is comprised of multiple structures,
light trespass, housing a lodge, suites and spa, where a whiskey,
luminaires salt and sage massage awaits. EELD developed
provide zero both the exterior and interior lighting concepts for
lumens above the five-star resort, in collaboration with ajc archi-
90 deg.
tects and interior designer D360. EELD’s compre-
hensive project scope included everything from
guest rooms, dining areas, meeting space, recep-
tion, fitness rooms, retail and lobby space, to the
outdoor pool and pathways connecting all buildings.
For the exterior, the resort owner took the “Blue
Sky” name to heart. “ ‘Blue Sky’ was coined to
describe city-mandated full-cutoff requirements
for the property,” says Aghdasi. “Luminaires were
chosen for the ability to provide zero lumens above
90 deg.”
Eliminating light trespass was especially chal-
lenging on the pool deck. “We wanted the pool
environment to have a darker and high-end feel

www.ies.org April 2021 LD+A 47

while still meeting the code requirement dictated
by the city. Because of the nature of the facility and
being in a darker environment, the code official
allowed us to reduce light level requirements in
the pool deck to 1 footcandle minimum. Multiple
lighting calculations and adjustments helped to
achieve this,” says Aghdasi. “The solution we
came up with was to install multiple aimable 4-in.
diameter narrow distribution spotlights high up on
the building and aim them toward certain areas of
the pool deck to get the required 1 fc. Since the
fixtures were higher up and aimed down, glare was
a concern, so we specified a fixture with a large
6-in. snoot.”
A defining characteristic on the exterior are the
distinctive wooden slat screens across the façades
of the buildings. However, the screens presented
48 LD+A April 2021 www.ies.org
The grand a design quandary. “We wanted to highlight these
fireplace is screens, as they are an interesting architectural
uniformly lighted element visible from outside. There was limited
with adjustable
space for a fixture to be installed in the screen,
narrow-beam
downlights to so we had to find a very low-profile linear fixture
ensure light that had enough lumen output to wash the screen
travels down to elements. We used a tight distribution so the light
the base. would uniformly highlight the wood. A few mock-
ups were done to ensure the fixture would fit prop-
erly and would light each screen uniformly.”
Across the grounds of the resort, contempo-
rary bollards illuminate pathways. The use of raw
materials in the bollards allowed them to comple-
ment the structural façades while blending into the
surrounding nature.
Color temperature is also critical on this project.
“We wanted to keep the interior and exterior a

At A Glance
• Color temperature is consistent at 2700K both
indoors and outdoors.
• The project is all LED, with the exception of a few
decorative fixtures.
• The resort earned a 2020 IES Illumination Award of
Merit for exterior lighting.
warm residential-like environment with a seamless
transition when walking from inside to outside and
vice versa, so we used 2700K fixtures throughout
the entire project,” says Aghdasi.
I nside, a variety of techniques were used to
produce the warmth, as the light brings forth the
wood and stone. The lobby’s grand fireplace is
uniformly illuminated with adjustable narrow-beam
downlights. Luminaires were carefully selected
to ensure light traveled all the way to the base.
In the dining area, simple luxury emerges with a
warm subtle graze across the stone backdrop.
An LED linear luminaire was tucked into a cove to
achieve this effect. A second dining area includes
a unique sculptural pendant suspended over the
dining table. “It makes a statement, while still
www.ies.org April 2021 LD+A
Blue Sky Resort
blending in with the natural finishes surrounding
the space,” says Aghdasi.
The emphasis on warmth continues in the retail
shop, where western-style accessories are il-
luminated by miniature 1-in.-wide linear luminaires.
LED lines of light were recessed into shelving to
create a high-end shopping experience. In the spa,
meanwhile, indirect light from the borders brings
Left: The
an enhanced feeling of relaxation. The stone wall
sculptural
pendant in
is warmed by LED luminaires mounted on the
perimeter.
this dining
area makes a There is just one place left to visit in the five-star
statement while resort. In the corridors leading to the rooms, high-
complementing end finishes are enhanced by adjustable square
the interior
downlights intended to blend into the corridor and
finishes.
minimize protrusions into the space. Inside the
Right: In the spa, room, the writing desk niche in the stone wall is
indirect lighting accentuated by 2-in. mini downlights resulting in
enhances a truly creative workspace. Underbed illumination
the feeling
creates a floating appearance.
of relaxation.
Perimeter-
A fine way to drift off after a day at Blue Sky.
mounted LED
luminaires warm
the stone wall.
THE DESIGNERS | Mansour Aghdasi, LC, is a principal
at EELD, where he oversees the daily operations of the
firm. Aghdasi has over 20 years of experience in the
electrical engineering field and as a project manager,
professional engineer and consultant for architects,
owners, contractors and more.
Naveed Aghdasi has over 10 years of experience in
the electrical engineering and lighting design industry,
and has worked on a broad spectrum of projects from
recreation centers, to libraries, to high-end resorts.
49
project
in pictures
Common Ground

After more than a decade of planning, the Newark

Community Economic Development Corporation
has transformed a nondescript and underutilized
parking lot in downtown Newark, NJ into a lively
destination for residents, nearby workers and
visitors to the area.
Photos: Barrett Doherty

Unveiled in 2019, the new Mulberry Commons

Park consists of an active event area; a garden
space with outdoor seating, a fountain and
play areas; and walking paths that connect the
Prudential Center arena and Newark Penn Station.
Arup selected Luminis’s Lumistik CL640 fixture for use
>>

Supermass Studio was responsible for the

throughout the park. The luminaire’s clean extruded aluminum
landscape architecture and Arup oversaw civil
base and 48-in. high column of light provides an architectural
and electrical engineering, as well as lighting
aesthetic that enhances the overall design of the public space.
design. “The goal was to encourage people to
feel safe and to connect in the park—not only
during the day but also at night,” says Christoph
Gisel, senior lighting designer at Arup. “It was
important that the lighting contribute to that feeling
of safety and comfort while creating an inviting
environment.”

>>
A total of 96 luminaires offer a dramatic
presence in the overall landscape design while
also reinforcing safety. “We wanted to provide
more lighting than usually necessary,” Gisel adds.
“At 3000K color temperature, the lighting is soft,
but there is a lot of it. It is bright enough to
read a book if you want to.”

50 LD+A April 2021 www.ies.org

 Through pathways, gardens and staircases, the fixture’s high-impact acrylic diffuser
>>

provides uniform 360-deg illumination. “It creates horizontal and vertical illumination on faces
and feet as pedestrians move through the park,” Gisel says.

>>
The columns are
intentionally placed
adjacent to trees,
lighting the canopy
of each tree for a
more dynamic effect.

The lighting transforms the park into a gathering space that the
>>

community can use both day and night. “Collectively, the fixtures
become part of the larger space to form a unified field of lights,”
says Taewook Cha, principal and creative director at Supermass
Studio. “It becomes this nice warm space that wraps around you.
The transformation of the space at night is quite magical.”

www.ies.org April 2021 LD+A 51

Coloring
Outside the
Lines
‘Inside-the-box’ applications such as warm dimming
and eye-catching façades are well established, but
the true power of dynamic lighting lies in more
unconventional uses. Here are five examples
W
e celebrate electric light as a differ-
entiator in the built environment. In A
Social History of the Very Tall Building
in America, George Douglas wrote,
“Without the elevator and the electric light, the
skyscraper could have been nothing but a dark
and unpleasant cave rising out of the ground.”
Electric light, widely distributed, was a revelation. 
In the 1960s, the dimmer made lighting even
more personal. We could now shape light to suit
our moods, save energy, and go beyond function
to fashion and aesthetics. Now, new light sources
52 LD+A April 2021 www.ies.org
and control technologies have ushered in the
era of light that is digitally controlled, flexible and
responsive, and able to reflect the natural progres-
sion of daylight with changes in both color tem-
perature and intensity.
This is dynamic light—a new tool that unlocks tre-
mendous possibilities in design; that goes beyond
basic dimming with advanced capabilities includ-
ing warm dimming, tunable white and full spectrum
control, inviting an even more symbiotic relation-
ship between light and the people in a space.
Today, we continue to incorporate dynamic light
into our designs: using warm dimming where we
want the feeling of incandescent light; incorporat-
ing tunable white to help future-proof our designs,
allow for changes over time and mimic daylight;
embracing full-spectrum lighting for novel effects,
memorable façades and eye-catching displays.
As exciting as these applications are, they rep-
resent “inside-the-box” design. The true power of
dynamic light lies in “outside-the-box” ideas that
By can change the way we interact with a space, re-
Craig define the way we experience the built environment
Casey and re-engage our most creative ideas about what
lighting brings to architecture and design.
W e’ll look at five areas of opportunity: visual
indicators; enhancing merchandise; enhanc-
ing food and art; changing self-perception; and
facilitating research, all with a goal of pushing the
limits of the imagination. Because lighting is prac-
tical, essential and ubiquitous, but it can also be
unconventional, magical and groundbreaking.

1 Visual Indicators and
Wayfinding
Lighting can be creatively used to provide visual
cues that help eliminate confusion, minimize awk-
ward interactions and smooth the flow of traffic. In
the current environment, while we are all navigating
COVID-19 protocols, visual indicators may facilitate
more comfortable social distancing and identify
areas in a workplace or public area that are in use
and unavailable.
Think about conference rooms or meeting areas
convenient for impromptu meetings, video calls
and confidential phone calls. Incorporate full-spec-
trum lighting outside the room that is programmed
to respond to room status. A quick glance at the
light outside the space can minimize embarrassing
interruptions, or a loud knock at the door during an
important presentation. Integration between light-
ing and room-booking apps makes it even easier
to ensure the visual indicator reflects the actual
status of the room.
Corporate office design is trending toward space
that is more flexible, resilient and accommodating
of increasingly fluid work patterns. One of those
design trends is “hot desking” in which employees
are not assigned to a permanent office space or
desk, but rather can select any available space in
the open-office layout.
Even with desk-booking apps, it can be dif-
ficult to locate the exact space you just reserved.
www.ies.org April 2021 LD+A
Technology
With integrated dynamic lighting, the employee
can touch a button on their app and the light over
their workstation can change color, guiding them
quickly to their workstation without having to rely
on a tell-tale coffee cup to indicate a coworker has
already claimed that desk.
Beyond the workplace, these same principles
can be applied to retail stores looking to maintain
a safe space between shoppers, identify avail-
able dressing rooms, or even indicate that an area
needs maintenance or cleaning. Visual cues are
an immediate, familiar reference that don’t depend
on the tech-savvy nature of the customer and don’t
rely on finding a busy salesperson to help you
navigate the shopping experience.
Visual Indicators: Design Considerations
a. Source gamut – choose a light source with at
least three saturated LEDs (e.g., RGB).
b. Include sensors​– occupancy detection is re-
quired to accomplish many of these goals.
c. Plan for integration​– ensure the features you
need are available through the control sys-
tem provider’s API (intensity, chromaticity, oc-
cupancy status, etc.).
d. Think through the Sequence of Operations –
the details matter. For example, how does the
lighting respond once the employee arrives at
the selected workstation? Does the employee
have to access a keypad to regain control? Is
there a wireless keypad at each desk? Is the
lighting controlled via an app?
53

2 Enhancing Merchandising to Facilitate more
Confident Purchases
In the retail space, customers must feel confi-
dent in their purchasing decisions. The unfortunate
reality of static white lighting is the customer who
gets home and notices the product looks different
in their living room light than it did in the store. The
customer may feel frustrated, potentially returning
the item or rethinking the shopping experience in
that store. With today’s dynamic lighting capabilities,
the space can be designed with lighting that more
accurately reflects the color appearance of that
piece of clothing in a variety of lighting conditions.
Work with retail managers and buyers to under-
stand where this merchandise is most frequently
worn. Design simple, engaging lighting with intui-
tive controls in fitting rooms, for example, that can
help a customer see how that item will look in a va-
riety of lighting scenarios. Clearly labeled buttons
can allow a customer to recall preset scenes and
make it easier to evaluate the way the customer
will look once they leave the store.
54 LD+A April 2021 www.ies.org
Engage your most
creative ideas
with lighting that
is unconventional,
magical and
groundbreaking.
Enhancing Merchandising: Design
Considerations
a. Control button labels – fitting room keypad but-
tons can be factory labeled with intuitive scene
names (e.g., Noon Daylight, Office, Home,
Evening).
b. Tunable White​/Black Body Tuning – the light
source should provide a CCT range of 2700K
to 5000K within a 1-step MacAdam Ellipse.
c. Color quality – fidelity level of F2 across the
CCT range (IES TM-30 Annex E)​Rf ≥ 90, Rf,h1 ≥
90.
d. Color consistency​– consistency across fixtures
at time of install, and lifetime color consistency
through active color management.

Photographer: Scott Edwards
3 We Eat First with Our Eyes...Enhancing the Look and
Appeal of Food and Art
Research about color memory suggests that
people may remember colors more vividly than
they appeared in reality. The beautiful fall colors
of a forest, for example, may have actually been
somewhat muted, but we tend to remember them
as vibrant, fiery reds and golds. What we can
extrapolate from this is that people are attracted to
vibrancy, it appeals to them, it stays in their memo-
ries. Dynamic lighting may help match our realities
with our expectations.
In restaurants, museums and even grocery
stores, designers can use this knowledge to create
lighting that enhances the way food, art or displays
are seen by the human eye. With today’s advanced
lighting solutions, new LED sources and system
apps combine to offer an almost infinite palette of
colors, hues and vibrancies that can pull colors
out of art, make food more appetizing, and appeal
to a refined sense of vibrancy and color.
The possibilities are incredible. If you can
imagine it, lighting can help create it, and you will
help your clients’ out-of-the-box ideas come to life.
www.ies.org April 2021 LD+A
Technology
Make food more
appetizing, draw the
colors out of art—
create memorable
experiences with an
almost infinite palette
of colors, hues and
vibrancies.
Consider, for example, the restauranteurs who are
struggling to redefine their offerings, create spaces
that draw customers in and make them feel confi-
dent and comfortable—carving out opportunities to
deliver not only an incredible meal, but a memo-
rable experience is perhaps more critical than at
any time in recent history.
Enhancing Food and Art: Design Considerations
a. Vividness – the light source should be capable
of adjusting the chroma (vividness) of various
colors while maintaining the CCT (IES TM-30
Rcs,h#).
b. User experience – use controls and apps that
make it easy for the end user to make changes
to scene setup and timing.
c. Tunable white, color quality and color consis-
tency are all critical considerations.
55
4 Improving Self-Perception – Kinder, Gentler Light

Dynamic lighting is more than a commercial Self-Perception: Design Considerations

consideration; it can be very personal. In spas, sa-
lons and businesses dedicated to making us feel
better about ourselves, lighting can help people
look and feel their best.
This is especially relevant as we are generally our
own worst critics. Seeing ourselves in the right light
can enhance self-perception. Like the right light in
a dressing room or the home bathroom, lighting
scenarios that more accurately reflect a person’s
surroundings help aestheticians choose the right
colors and combinations for their clients, or help
clients just feel better in their morning routine.
a. Color quality – preference should be a P1 level
(IES TM-30 Annex E) Rf ≥ 78, Rg ≥ 95, 1% ≤
Rcs,h1 ≤ 15%.
b. User experience – personalized keypads
simplify scene choice, and create repeatable
lighting scenarios.
c. Adjustable vividness, tunable white and color
consistency are all critical considerations.

56 LD+A April 2021 www.ies.org


Photo © Halkin Mason Photography
5 Facilitating Research with Repeatable, Reliable Control
Across the spectrum of research scenarios, but
specifically in medical and healthcare research,
the ability for a study to be consistent and rep-
licable are essential. Dynamic lighting solutions
can deliver color temperature, hue and vibrancy
programming that is exactly the same each time a
scene is recalled.
Many researchers, and the hospitals themselves,
are focused on ways to improve patient outcomes.
The way patients react to lighting schedules, or the
way they respond to daylighting situations may offer
insight into better outcomes. We don’t have these
answers yet, but the ability to ensure consistent,
accurate testing parameters is essential to scientists
in all kinds of research. Use dynamic lighting to give
researchers the control and confidence they need.
Research Facilities: Design Considerations
a. Data – ensure the data is easily accessible and
meets the needs of the research team.
b. Plan for integration​– ensure the features you
need are available through the control.
c. Source gamut – choose a light source with at
least three saturated LEDs (e.g., RGB).
d. Tunable white, color consistency and adjustable
vividness are all critical considerations.
e. User experience – personalized keypads
simplify scene choice, and create repeatable
lighting scenarios.
www.ies.org April 2021 LD+A
Technology
At the Children’s
Hospital of
Philadelphia,
dynamic lighting
solutions facilitate
color temperature,
hue and vibrancy
settings.
A s designers, you look for tools to create the
best user experience for your clients, the end
user and the consumer. Dynamic lighting is a dif-
ferentiator. Keep these four steps in mind on each
new project as you work with your clients to help
them imagine how much more they can do with
their space.
1. Evaluate the dynamic lighting needs of the ap-
plication.
2. Determine the level of flexibility and features of
dynamic lighting.
3. Create a performance specification for the light-
ing requirements.
4. Talk with controls manufacturer to ensure tech-
nology meets needs.
Let dynamic lighting play a key role in executing
a space that will meet the immediate need, that will
beautifully and seamlessly be able to adapt over
time, and that will ultimately transcend traditional
ideas about experience, perception and impact.
THE AUTHOR | Craig Casey, Member IES, is building
science leader at Lutron Electronics. Casey has pre-
sented multiple times at IES Annual Conferences and
LightFair, and currently sits on the IES Daylight Metrics
Committee. He received the IES Presidential Award for
chairing the 2015 Conference Steering Committee. He
is currently pursuing his Ph.D.
57
 Research
Seeking New Weapons Against Microbial Foes

he world seems small lately, and not just because the walls are closing in during COVID lock-
down. In the year since SARS-CoV-2 encircled the globe, we have all been learning about
microscopic pathogens, searching for ways we can contribute to the battle of the mega against
the micro. Literature from decades past demonstrate the fundamentals of how ultraviolet (UV)
irradiation can be used to disinfect our interior spaces. While decades of research have shown the
effectiveness of conventional, low pressure discharge lamps that generate UV-C, what about other
wavelengths, or some of the new technologies?

Last summer, the Lighting Research Center collected feedback fection technology will continue
about UV disinfection technologies from over 200 lighting specifiers, to be useful in our microbial
manufacturers and others from the lighting industry. Primary con- battles of the future.
cerns for most respondents were safety hazards of UV, confirming Measurement Questions.
Authors whether UV is an effective disinfection strategy and verifying that Measurements and amounts
Jennifer disinfection has been achieved at a site. Also of concern was dam- matter with UV disinfection. UV
Brons and age to room materials and a lack of building codes. Energy, cost “dose” is measured in Joules
Daniel and maintenance of UV disinfection systems were of some concern per sq meter and is a product
Frering as well. of irradiance (or “fluence” for
Using those questionnaire results, we developed a report at the airborne pathogens) and time;
end of 2020, Lighting Answers: UV Disinfection Products. Available to achieve disinfection, one can
for free download, the publication addresses three key aspects of apply a low irradiance over a
UV disinfection: product effectiveness; radiation safety; and energy long time, or if rapid disinfec-
use in buildings. tion is needed (such as air in
When deciding what approach to take for UV disinfection in com- a fast-moving HVAC duct), one
mercial buildings, specifiers should evaluate many needs such as: will need a high irradiance to
what organisms are being targeted, whether they are airborne vs. achieve the desired UV dose.
surface-dwellers, what UV “dose” is required to disable those organ- When determining what
isms, what percentage of inactivation is needed (“log kill”), and percentage of inactivation is
whether the space needs continuous disinfection while humans are necessary, a space with higher
present. levels of infection will need to
As shown in Figure 1, various pathogens require different doses target higher inactivation rates
of UV to be inactivated. Larger organisms such as fungi generally [from 90% (“1 log kill”) up
require more UV than smaller ones. Small bacteria and viruses to 99.9999% (“6 log kill”)] to
can be 1,000 times more susceptible to UV than larger fungi. achieve comparable disinfection.
Fortunately, the virus that causes COVID-19 is expected to be very Higher log kill targets necessi-
susceptible to UV-C. But even when COVID-19 recedes someday, tate greater UV doses.
healthcare environments will increasingly be called to battle antibiot- UV wavelength impacts how
ic-resistant bacterial infections such as C. diff and MRSA. UV disin- well a technology will disin-

58 LD+A April 2021 www.ies.org

fect. The wavelength of peak filtered to prevent dangerous effective with surface disinfec-
susceptibility for disinfection occupant exposure at 254 nm. tion of bacteria and fungi. UV-A
differs between microorgan- New UV LEDs offer promising and short visible wavelengths
isms. The efficiency of different options for very focused spec- disinfect using a different mech-
wavelengths is called an action tral output and distributions; anism than UV-C, by indirectly
spectrum; though action spectra however, it may take a few creating reactive oxygen species
of most organisms are similar years for quantum efficiencies, with other materials in the envi-
in the traditional germicidal cost and life of UV-C LEDs to ronment. UV-A and visible wave-
spectral region (250 to 300 nm) be competitive with these other lengths are naturally-occurring
due to a common mechanism technologies. in our environment, so humans
based on DNA and RNA dam- LED products that emit UV-A and pets can safely be exposed
age, action spectra based on or short-wavelength visible (vio- to amounts below the thresh-
other mechanisms vary widely. let) light are now available; while old limit values established by
As shown in the sidebar, UV these products do not directly the American Conference of
wavelengths are broken down disinfect most viruses in the air, Industrial Hygienists. Since they
into wavebands that roughly cor- they have been shown to be can be used while occupied,
respond to different disinfection
mechanisms and effectiveness
for different uses.
UV source types are grow-
ing more diverse. Low pressure
discharge mercury lamps (LPD
Hg) have a long and proven Figure 1.
history of achieving disinfec- UV-C disinfection
dose varies
tion in air and water treatment;
depending on
however, human occupants type of organism.
must be shielded from expo-
sure. Other technologies emit
UV-C at other wavelengths, with
a range of products and target
applications. Pulse xenon prod-
ucts emit a broad distribution of
wavelengths, rather than strate-
gically targeting one pathogen’s
weakest point. Krypton chlorine
excimer lamps generate very
short UV-C wavelengths, particu-
larly 222 nm, and are typically

www.ies.org April 2021 LD+A 59


these technologies may become
increasingly useful as antibiotic-
resistant pathogens continue to
proliferate. A trade-off, however,
is that the irradiance needed
to achieve the required dose
necessitates high output, which
does have energy implications.
Drawbacks. One drawback
of UV disinfection technologies
is that materials in the built envi-
ronment may not be designed
60 LD+A April 2021 www.ies.org
to withstand UV exposure;
material may fade, turn yellow
or become brittle. Another draw-
back is that some UV disinfec-
tion products generate ozone,
which is another health hazard
to occupants. Ozone can also
destroy elastic materials such
as rubber bands and face mask
ear loops.
UV-C is a line of sight tech-
nology; it will not penetrate
deep into crevices or layered
surfaces. Workarounds for sur-
face disinfection could include
moving the UV source to avoid
shadowing, unfolding portable
reflectors, or installation of mul-
tiple sources. In commercial
buildings, UV-C has been used
successfully for decades to dis-
infect moving air, both in HVAC
ducts and in upper room appli-
cations.
I n 2020 the Lighting Research
Center tested 12 disinfection
products with a wide range
of technologies and intended
applications (Figure 2). These
included hybrid UV and visible
light products, ceiling-mounted
products, portable sterilizers, a
portable air purifier and hand-
held wands. Some of these
products were found to be more
practical than others at disinfec-
tion capability; hand-held UV
wand required several minutes
or even hours to disinfect com-
mon surfaces. One product
claimed to emit UV-C but in fact
emitted UV-A. Two commercial-
ly-available products were not
designed with reflectors.
When safely measuring UV-C
in the lab or in the field, per-
sonal protective equipment for
eyes and skin is paramount. The
UV-A and visible disinfection
products the LRC tested did not
require protective equipment.
Most people lack access to
calibrated UV meters. For that
reason, the LRC also evalu-
ated UV-sensitive test cards;
while not especially precise,
Figure 2.
test cards were shown to be Laboratory
sensitive to UV-C, so could be testing of UV
products in
used as part of a maintenance
2020.
program to confirm that UV-C
products are still working.
In the years to come, we
expect our battle against micro-
bial pathogens will take advan- THE AUTHORS | Jennifer Brons, formerly of the Lighting Research Center,
tage of diverse lighting and pho- is a research program coordinator at the Light and Health Research
tonic technologies with spectral Center at Mount Sinai.
outputs that strategically target
disinfection. Daniel Frering is director of educational programs at the Lighting Research
Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

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www.ies.org April 2021 LD+A 61

 INVITATION TO SUBMIT
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lighting products, research, publications and design tools from the past year

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Receive a presentation grade certificate
 IES
MEMBER
MENTIONS
Eric Borden
has been
appointed
president
and CEO of
VEROZZA.

Owen VandeVelde of EiKO

was reelected to DLC’s
Industry Advisory Committee
to represent small lighting
manufacturers.

Society Hosts First EP Webinar

IES Emerging Professional (EP) Program Committee Members hosted a discus-
sion about the importance of good lighting, sound and other considerations for
Zoom and virtual meetings/events during a webinar in February. The webinar,
which marked the first of its kind from the EP Program Committee, also featured P2S Inc. welcomes its
short presentations by committee members on suggestions and principles for newest associate principals
making your home office functional and professional. Presentation topics included: (from left to right): Kurt
directional lighting, virtual backgrounds, daylighting, avoiding patterns, film lighting Kaiser, Stephan Freia-Kruse
principles, reflections, audio/cameras and more. and Mikhail Fuks.

Bold = Individual or
Sustaining Member

IES Welcomes
Nikole TenBrink
Nikole TenBrink has joined the IES staff as the new
director of marketing and business development. This
new role will oversee the design and execution of mar-
keting, sales and communications strategies that drive
value for the organization and its members.
TenBrink will be responsible for creating and imple-
menting programs that promote the IES’s strategic initiatives including the Lighting
Library®, educational offerings, events, content, outreach efforts and more. She is
also responsible for utilizing data analytics to identify trends and future enhance-
ments to IES products, services and programs.
Back Issues are
now online
www.ies.org

www.ies.org April 2021 LD+A 63

 New Members The IES is pleased to welcome 65 first-time individual members.

Steve Bedard Canada Sarah Gentile NJ Gillian Kostek NY Brendan Reilly DE

Dana Bergman NJ Leigh Gice MN Hui Li China Jenna Rosser NY
Antonio Bezdeck Canada Sarah Golish GA Ian Lin Canada Christopher Russell PA
Albert Bolander IN Nuno Gonçalves Portugal Kenny Lopez CA Bryan Seaborn MN
Madeline Bortle NY Sheridan Grady NY Ryan Maccarone MA Arun Srinivasan Canada
Ashley Conley WI Paul Harouff VA Brenda Martinez CO Kristina Steiger MO
Cory Cornett OK Norman Henze Canada Jordan McCarthy MD Matthew Stevenson MI
Huan Dang NY Chelsea Hernandez CA Amy McFeely NY Jason Tam Canada
Rodel Dating NC Dustin Herner PA Tatyana Mikeladze WA Robert Tomaszewski Canada
Corey Donohue Canada Michelle Holman TX Spencer Montgomery TX Kenzan Tsutakawa-Chinn NY
Catherine Faure NJ Fritz Huebner MI Jesus Moreno CA Jessica Vail NY
Mike Felton OH Ken Hunter FL Brandon Nichols MS Clinton Whitehurst SC
Matthew Festa NY Greg Johnson NC Maxime O’Rourke ME Lewis Wong UT
Courtney Francis IA Matthew Jurusz NJ Martin Ortega CA
James Frey MA Nikhil Kapoor Canada Jean-Francois Ouellet Lamy *As of January 31, 2021
Jean-Francois Gaboury Robb Kingsbury CA Canada
Canada Allen Kirk AR Brad Patano MS
Kiran Ganti CA Anita Ko PA Sylvia Purcell NY

university Members
British Columbia Institute of Technology Oregon State University University of Colorado, Boulder
Kansas State University Parsons/The New School University of Nebraska
KTH Royal Institute of Technology Texas Christian University Virginia Tech
Milwaukee School of Engineering Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara

64 LD+A April 2021 www.ies.org

 Sustaining The following companies have elected to support the Society as Sustaining
Members which allows the IES to fund programs that benefit all segments of the

Members
membership and pursue new endeavors, including education projects, lighting
research and recommended practices.*

CHAMPION AMBASSADOR SUPPORTER LSI Industries, Inc.

Crawford Solutions A.L.P. Lighting Components Co. Ministère des Transports du
Cree Lighting Axis Lighting Quebec
BR+A Consulting Engineers Nanometer Lighting
BENEFACTOR Boca Flasher Neotek
GE Current, a Daintree Company Capital Electric – A Sonepar OCL Architectural Lighting
GE Lighting, a Savant Company Company RAB Lighting, Inc.
HLB Lighting Design ConTech Lighting Radiant Vision Systems
Hubbell Lighting Duke Energy Co. Rayon Lighting
Kurtzon Lighting ETC, Inc. RDG Planning & Design
LUMA Lighting Design/ EYE Lighting International of NA Spectrum Lighting Inc. San Antonio
PAE Engineers Focal Point, LLC USAI Lighting
Lutron Electronics Hapco Visa Lighting
Musco Lighting H.E. Williams Inc Vode Lighting, LLC
P2S Inc. Kenall Mfg. Co. Zumtobel Lighting
Q-Tran Latin Technology
Rosendin Electric, Inc. LEDRA Brands *Contributor Sustaining Members
are listed at www.ies.org.
Legrand/Wattstopper
Los Angeles Lighting Mfg. Co.

THE IES WELCOMES THESE NEW SUSTAINING AND UNIVERSITY MEMBERS

• Barton Associates Inc. • Illinois Department of Transportation • Shive-Hattery, Inc.

• C&S Engineers • Jarvis Engineering Consultants • Technelect Conseils
• CM Kling & Associates Inc • LEO A DALY • tk1sc
• CoreLED • Lighting Trends • WalterFedy
• DMD & Associates Ltd • NORESCO • Elite Lighting
• EMA Engineering & Consulting • Pageau Morel • Lawrence Technological University
• Envocore • Relumen Engineering • New York School of Interior Design
• Gabriel Mackinnon Inc. • RSEI Consultants Ltd • Penn State University
• HDR Inc. • Schuler Shook

Whether you are a manufacturer, utility company, distributor, sales agency, engineering firm, architectural firm, or any other professional or
technical business that engages with lighting, each organization can pick and choose levels of benefits and discounts for their company
employees directly—and in certain cases, non-employees’ partners, as well—furthering the reach to a larger group of professionals. The complete
new Sustaining Membership structure (including the tax deduction levels) is listed at: www.ies.org/membership/ies-sustaining-membership.

Education institutions that have dedicated lighting programs as well as those higher learning institutions that focus on “lighting” in their curriculums
qualify for the University Membership. For more information on program benefits go to: www.ies.org/membership/ies-university-membership.
architectural firm, or any other professional or technical business that engages with lighting, each organization can pick and choose levels of
benefits and discounts for their company employees

www.ies.org April 2021 LD+A 65

 1.
2.
1. SSL (Solid State Luminaires)
introduces the Slim-Line series of
indoor cylinders. The cylinder family
features 1.5- and 2-in. diameter
offerings without visible seams or
fasteners. It also features cord-
and surface-mounted options with
lightweight materials to be installed in
dry or damp locations. The addition of
multiple glow rings and baffle options
provide variety to match the product
with the designer’s vision.
www.solidstateluminaires.com
2. Amerlux announces Solace, the
shallow spec-grade plenum downlight.
The Solace downlight family includes
a sub-3-in. aperture with round and
square die-cast aperture trims and
66 LD+A April 2021 www.ies.org
3.
flexibility as a downlight in opened or
lensed, pinhole, adjustable options
and as a lensed wall wash for gyp,
grid and millwork ceilings.
www.amerlux.com
3. SPI Lighting announces Novato
2-in. Lines + Arcs, a modular system
of luminous lines that allows for
continuous illumination without gaps.
Luminous on three sides, the Novato
2-in. broadens the distribution of
light (70% direct and 30% indirect),
increasing perceived brightness. It
also features an output of up to 1,135
lumens per ft.
www.spilighting.com
4.
4. Tivoli Lighting introduces
the LINElight series to achieve a
seamless connection between
fixtures. Available in 2700K, 3000K,
3500K and 4000K color temperatures
with a 120-deg beam angle, LINElight
has a slim profile. The series comes
in 6-, 24- and 36-in. lengths. A joint
quick-connect can snap two LINElight
fixtures into place, while magnetic
mounting allows fast installation on
metal surfaces or other surfaces
using an optional clip, depending on
the application.
www.tivolilighting.com

5.
6.
5. Original BTC announces the Drop Three pendant, the
final installment of the Drop collection. Following the
journey of a droplet of water as it falls through the air, the
bone-china pendant reflects the final stage as the droplet
flattens, then splashes up as it hits the ground.
www.originalbtc.com
6. Luminaire LED announces the VCM8 luminaire, a
corner-mount fixture that withstands physical impact and
environmental abuse. Intended for visible environments
such as industrial hallways, public restrooms, natatoriums
or train stations, the VCM8 combines soft edges with a
robust construction. It has an IK10 rating for outstanding
impact resistance, an IP65 rating and a finish that
withstands a 4,000-hour salt spray test.
https://luminaireled.acuitybrands.com
www.ies.org April 2021 LD+A
In Action
Photo: Musea Brugge I Dominique Provost Art Photography
SAFEGUARDING HISTORY
fter an intensive five-year renovation, a city palace in
Bruges, Belgium, was transformed into the Gruuthuse
Museum—a contemporary space that covers 500
years of Bruges’ history. With its tapestries, Gothic stained-
glass windows, portraits and artistic porcelain and silver,
the museum required a smart lighting system to create the
right atmosphere and preserve its historical pieces. “Old
works of art are particularly sensitive to light, which means
there is a real risk of damage if they are exposed too
intensely for too long,” says coordinator Aleid Hemeryck.
LEDs from Xicato with built-in sensors were chosen for
their ability to perform multiple functions—from temperature
monitoring to location-based services. “It is perfectly
possible to calculate, based on the burning hours, when
a work of art should be moved back to the archive for
a short while in order to prevent excessive aging,” says
Hemeryck of the technology’s potential.
67
7. Schonbek introduces the
Priscilla product line featuring three
chandelier additions to Schonbek’s
Romantic Collection. The luminaires
feature strands of pearls or crystals
suspended between metal arms and
the base of a slim bohemian crystal
central column. Five finish options
are available including white, gold,
heirloom silver, antique silver and
black. Pearl options include dark
grey, white and bronze.
www.schonbek.com

8. Meyda Lighting unveils Maglia

Semplice Chandel-Air, a custom
fan integrated lighting fixture. The 7.
dual-function lighting/fan features a
silver mica diffuser complemented
with oil rubbed bronze finished
hardware, a frame and decorative
accents. Integrated LEDs illuminate
the mica. Diffuser colors, metal
finishes and fixture sizes can be
customized by preference. The fixture
is UL and cUL listed for damp and
dry locations.
www.meyda.com

9. Lodes announces JIM, a system

of suspension lamps with distinctive
shapes and a versatile composition
8.
made to suit any interior. Suspended
from a self-supporting cable
running through a transparent tinted
methacrylate hook, JIM offers a set of
four metal shades with different shapes
and diameters providing various
aesthetics options and light output. A
large dome shade (approximately 20
in.) is available as a single suspension
lamp, while the three smaller geometric
shades—cylinder, cone and bell—can
be used either individually or in cluster
compositions on canopies.
www.lodes.com 9.

68 LD+A April 2021 www.ies.org

 10. Luminis announces that a wide
range of its luminaires will now be
offered with nLight AIR wireless
lighting controls (Acuity). nLight
simplifies design and installation
by embedding sensors directly into
luminaires and providing a seamless
connection to the nLight network. The
platform is designed to function as
a stand-alone (one-room solution) or
networked across an entire campus.
www.luminis.com
10.

11. Louis Poulsen introduces the

Panthella Table Lamp in a new
metalized brass finish that will be
available in both the 320 and the
Panthella Mini sizes. The shade
features a white interior for optimum
light reflection. The metallic finish
allows the lamp to expand its
functionality and create eclectic
reflections and depth while amplifying
its organic shape.
www.louispoulsen.com

12. Myers EPS introduces the

Illuminator Nova line of central
inverters, fulfilling emergency lighting
requirements by powering the path
11. of egress during critical outages.
The line features two product
families: the three-phase Illuminator
Hypernova Series and the single-
phase Illuminator Supernova Series.
The inverters feature a NEMA Type-1
space-saving design, allowing them
to easily fit into electrical rooms
without overconsuming valuable floor
space. They are also available with
Myers EPS’ IoT Inverter Connect
Cloud technology.
www.myerseps.com

12.

www.ies.org April 2021 LD+A 69

THE IES INTERACTIVE
ILLUMINANCE SELECTOR TOOL
This time-saving online tool is available only through The Lighting Library®. Designed with efficiency and
professional practice in mind, all the illuminance criteria in the Applications Collection, plus parking lots and
parking garages from the Roadway and Parking Facility Lighting Standard are contained in this feature.

ƒ SAVE TIME: Find quickly and easily the Recommended Maintained Illuminance Target

ƒ WORK EFFICIENTLY: Save and Recall searches

ƒ ADD PROFESSIONALISM: Print customized report as recorded documentation

ILLUMINANCE TABLES CONTAINED IN THE INTERACTIVE ILLUMINANCE SELECTOR

COMMERCIAL, RESIDENTIAL, INDUSTRIAL LIGHTING OUTDOOR AIRPORT

ƒ Common Applications
ƒ Educational Facilities
ƒ Hospitality
ƒ Houses of Worship
ƒ Libraries
ƒ Museums
ƒ Residential (Indoor and Outdoor)
ƒ Retail (Indoor and Outdoor)
ƒ Theaters
ƒ Healthcare:
ƒ Hospitals and Ambulatory Care
ƒ Residential and Long-Term Care
ƒ Industrial: ENVIRONMENTS
ƒ Agricultural
LIGHTING FOR OLDER ADULTS AND
ƒ Aircraft/Automotive
THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED
ƒ Electrical Generation Power
Plants PARKING LOTS AND PARKING
ƒ Food Industries GARAGES
ƒ Metals Industries
ƒ Miscellaneous Manufacturing SPORTS AND RECREATIONAL
and Services AREAS (Indoor and Outdoor)
ƒ Outdoor Mills and Plants
ƒ Textiles, Leather and Apparel
ƒ Wood and Paper Industries

For more information go to www.ies.org/iis

The companies listed below would like to tell you more about their
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 n artist Daan Roosegaarde’s latest
project, GROW, the poetic movement
of LED light projected across 20,000
sq meters (215,278 sq ft) of Dutch
farmland creates an homage to the
beauty of agriculture. Using “recipes” of
blue, red and ultraviolet light that have
been shown to enhance plant growth
and reduce the need for pesticides, the
installation also serves as a prototype for
innovation in the agriculture system.

Photo: Courtesy of Daan Roosegaarde (www.studioroosegaarde.net)

Last Reframing the Farm

72 LD+A April 2021 www.ies.org

 FOR MORE INFORMATION
VISIT IES.ORG OR EMAIL US AT LIGHTINGLIBRARY@IES.ORG
TURNS OUT IT STILL DOES.
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manufactured since 1921. That’s the Made Right Here difference.
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