Sistem

Transportasi dan Jaringan Logistik

Analisis Jaringan dan Biaya
Pada Sistem Transportasi

Yulinda Uswatun Kasanah, S.T., M.Sc.

Dosen Teknik Logistik

Course Objectives
§ Mahasiswa mampu menjelaskan tentang jaringan transportasi
§ Mahasiswa mampu menghitung kriteria performansi Hubs dalam jaringan
transportasi
§ Mahasiswa mampu menganalisis biaya transportasi

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What is transportation networks?
Transportation Network:
“A transportation network is a
set of lines, nodes, and links that
represent the infrastructure of
the transportation system.”
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Transportation
Network
“A network is distinguished from a pattern or grid, a
weave or a series of overlays in that it connects
things to achieve something.... In transportation, the
strands are routes and the knots are places and the
goal is moving people, goods and services as
efficiently and cost-effectively as possible to
increase prosperity and opportunity.”
Transportation networks include a system of roads,
streets, pipes, aqueducts, powerlines, rail lines, or other
structures that allow movement of commodities.
Networks have two types of elements: a set of points
and a set of line segments connecting these points.
 What is transportation networks?
Transportation network analysis is used to determine the flow of vehicles that involves different
modes of transportation.

Networks are based on the principle of a sequence of services connecting origins and
destinations, which makes them more vulnerable to disruption.

Classification of transportation networks

These networks are further classified as one-to-
one, one-to- many, and many-to-many networks
with or without transshipment points.

A transportation network can be classified as a

direct network or a hub-and- spoke network.

The various operational networks are designed

and worked to increase the profit margins of
the transportation systems.

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 Classification of transportation networks
A direct network is defined as the shipment of goods from the point of origin to the
point of destination without transshipment. All shipments come directly from
supplier to buyer’s location.

The advantages of direct networks are they do not require an intermediate

warehouse and are simple to coordinate. However, direct networks have higher
inventories and significant receiving expenses.

The hub-and-spoke system is the best-known network system. The spokes in the
network are liner services between regional terminals and the hubs. At the hub the
transport units are transferred from one liner service to another connecting hub with
the destination terminal. Ideally, hubs are located near the center of gravity of transport
demand. In this way detour distances and trip times between origin and destination
terminals can be minimized.
The total terminal-to-terminal trip time is increased because of the extra distance for
the call at the hub and the time spent in the hub itself. A hub-and-spoke system is
designed to combine small flows arriving and departing in different directions

Operational Network Structure

Direct Shipping with Milk Runs
In this case, a supplier delivers directly to multiple buyer locations on a truck or a truck picks up
deliveries destined for the same buyer location from many suppliers.

This allows reduction in cost by eliminating the need

for direct small shipments using less than truckload
picks up deliveries destined for the same buyer location from many suppliers (LTL) shipments.

When choosing this option, a supply chain manager

has to decide on the routing of each milk run.

delivers directly to multiple buyer locations

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 Operational Network Structure
Direct Shipping with Milk Runs
Operational Network Structure
Direct Shipping with Milk Runs
One-to-one shipment involves
the shipping of goods from the
point of origin to the point of
destination.
One-to-many shipment
transportation involve the
movement of goods directly
from the point of origin to the
point of destination with or
without transshipment points.
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Many-to-one transportation
systems involve the multiple
shipments of goods from
different point of origins to the
point of destinations. It may or
may not include transshipment
points.
Many-to-many transportation
systems involve the multiple
shipments of goods from
different point of origins to the
point of destinations. It may or
may not include transshipment
points.
 Operational Network Structure
Direct Shipping with Milk Runs

One-to-many shipments network.

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Operational Network Structure

All shipments via central DC
Under this option, suppliers do not send shipments directly to buyer locations.

The buyer divides locations by geographic

region and a distribution center (DC) is built
for each region. Suppliers send their
shipments to the DC and the DC then
forwards appropriate shipments to each
buyer location.

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 Operational Network Structure
All shipments via central DC
A cross-dock is a transshipment facility at which trucks arrive with goods that must be sorted, consolidated with other
products, and loaded onto outbound trucks bound for a retailer. Cross-docking is appropriate for products with large,
predictable demands and requires that DCs be set up.

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Operational Network Structure

Shipping via DC using milk runs

Milk runs can be used from a DC if lot sizes to be delivered to each buyer location are small. Milk
runs reduce outbound transportation costs by consolidating small shipments. The use of cross-docking
with milk runs requires a significant degree of coordination and suitable routing and scheduling of
milk runs

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 Operational Network Structure
Shipping via DC using milk runs
This option is a suitable combination of the previous options that reduces the cost and improves responsiveness of
the value chain. Here transportation uses a combination of cross-docking, milk runs, and TL and LTL carriers,
along with package carriers in some cases. The goal is to use the appropriate option in each situation. High
demand carrier’s products to high-demand retail outlets may be shipped directly, whereas low-demand products
or shipments to low-demand retail outlets are consolidated to and from the DC. Operating a tailored network
requires significant investment in information infrastructure to facilitate coordination.

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Operational Network Structure

Advantage Hub

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 Operational Network Structure
Disadvantage Hub

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Discussion
Cari satu Perusahaan/ UMKM, peroleh informasi mengenai system distribusinya. Kemudian:
- Definisikan keadaan system distribusi perusahaan tersebut.
- tentukan jenis transportation networknya.
- Evaluasi secara kualitatif keadaan transportation network/ jaringan network di perusahaan
tersebut.
- Jelaskan (kira-kira) alasan perusahaan menggunakan jenis network tersebut.
- Jelaskan dengan Bahasa anda kekurangan dan kelebihan pada transportation network di
perusahaan itu.

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 Performance Kriteria

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TERIMA KASIH J

#SalamLogistik

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