MANAGERIAL

ACCOUNTING
GROUP PROJECT
ROLL NAME TITLE
NO.

34 Shivsagar Desai Co- operative Housing society

42 Omkar Gade Professional

46 Yash Garud Company

71 Yogesh Jadhav Sole Proprietor

80 Pooja Kale Professional Lawyer

95 Manasi Koli Partnership Firm

INDEX
Name- Shivsagar Shankar Desai
College- Pratibha Institute of Business Management
Roll NO-22MB34
Div-A
MBA Semester-1

Presentation on Co-Operative Housing Society

INTRODUCTION

Essentially, a co-operative housing society is a membership-

based legal entity made of one or more residential buildings.
You become a member by buying shares in the housing co-
operative. In return, as a member, you get the right to occupy
a housing unit in the society, be it an apartment or a house.

OBJECTIVES

• To provide support and services to the members of the

society and not to earn the profit
• To help each other mutually and not to have competition
• To practice fair and transparent business activities
• To deliver the quality goods and produce to the end
customers

IMPORTANCE

• Housing co-op members have greater control over their

living environment. This form of housing also fosters a
strong sense of pride and community. Higher member
satisfaction also means members tend to stay long-term,
which leads to reduce operating
expenses and a more stable community.
 CONCLUSION
The balance sheet is used to report the financial position of the
cooperative at a given point in time, usually at the end of a
month, quarter, or year. As seen in Exhibit 2, it shows the
assets owned by the co-operative balanced against its
liabilities and member equity.

Name: Omkar Gade

Roll no.: 22MB42

PROFESSIONAL
ORGANISATION
Introduction
Final Accounts is the ultimate stage of the accounting process where
the different ledgers maintained in the Books of Accounts of the
business organization are presented in the specified way to provide the
profitability and financial position of the entity for a specified period to
the stakeholders and other interested parties, Statement of Profit &
Loss, Balance Sheet.

Objectives
1. They are prepared to calculate Gross profit & net profit earned by
the organization for the relevant period by presenting the Statement of
Profit & Loss.
2. The Balance sheet is prepared to provide the company’s correct
financial position as of the date. 3. These accounts use the bifurcation
of direct expenses to obtain the gross profit & loss and bifurcation in
indirect expenses to ascertain the organization’s net profit & loss.
4. Through the Balance sheet, these accounts bifurcate the assets &
liabilities as per the holding & usage periods of the same.
Features
1. The final account is legally required for the entities. The financial
accounting and preparation of financial statements are obligatory for
the entities and getting those accounts audited.
2. These accounts are prepared to present and provide the entity’s
financial performance and status to the stakeholders, users, investors,
promoters, etc.
3. The presentation of comparable figures for the current period from
the previous period increases the utility of the statements of accounts.
4. It presents an accurate & fair view of the organization’s financial
performance by providing accurate & full information regarding the
business with proper notes and disclosures of the real facts.
PROFIT AND LOSS STATEMENT OF KMC HOSPITAL

KMC Speciality Hospital Profit and loss account

Mar-22 Mar-21
INCOME in Rs. Cr
Revenue From Operations [Gross] 135.25 102.64
Revenue From Operations [Net] 135.25 102.64
Other Operating Revenues 0.83 0
Total Operating Revenues 136.07 102.64
Other Income 2.15 1.93
Total Revenue 138.22 104.56
EXPENSES
Cost Of Materials Consumed 2.67 2.68
Purchase Of Stock-In Trade 17.91 13.46
Operating And Direct Expenses 0 0
Changes In Inventories Of FG,WIP And
-0.02 0.18
Stock-In Trade
Employee Benefit Expenses 27.13 21.51
Finance Costs 0.7 0.95
Depreciation And Amortisation Expenses 6.53 6.17
Other Expenses 51.21 41.57
Total Expenses 106.12 86.52
Profit/Loss Before Exceptional,
32.1 18.04
Extraordinary Items And Tax
Profit/Loss Before Tax 32.1 18.04
Tax Expenses-Continued Operations
Current Tax 8.41 5.66
Deferred Tax -0.43 -0.4
Tax For Earlier Years 0.39 0
Total Tax Expenses 8.37 5.26
Profit/Loss After Tax And Before
23.73 12.78
Extraordinary Items
Profit/Loss From Continuing
23.73 12.78
Operations
Profit/Loss For The Period 23.73 12.78

OTHER ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

ARNINGS PER SHARE
asic EPS (Rs.) 1.45 0.78
Diluted EPS (Rs.) 1.45 0.78

ALUE OF IMPORTED AND INDIGENIOUS RAW MATERIALS

BALANCE SHEET OF KMC HOSPITAL

KMC HOSPITAL BALANCESHEET

Mar-22 Mar-21
EQUITIES AND LIABILITIES In Rs. CR
SHAREHOLDER'S FUNDS
Equity Share Capital 16.31 16.31
Total Share Capital 16.31 16.31
Reserves and Surplus 70.49 47.02
Total Reserves and Surplus 70.49 47.02
Total Shareholders’ Funds 86.8 63.33
NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
Long Term Borrowings 19.61 25.74
Deferred Tax Liabilities [Net] 0.06 0.58
Other Long Term Liabilities 1.65 1.96
Long Term Provisions 1.14 0.84
Total Non-Current Liabilities 22.45 29.11
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Short Term Borrowings 7.27 0
Trade Payables 5.41 5.21
Other Current Liabilities 4.74 5.74
Short Term Provisions 2.08 1.6
Total Current Liabilities 19.51 12.55
Total Capital And Liabilities 128.8 105
ASSETS
NON-CURRENT ASSETS
Tangible Assets 74.21 73.13
Intangible Assets 0.8 0.5
Capital Work-In-Progress 5.64 1.61
Intangible Assets Under Development 0 0
Other Assets 0.4 0.4
Fixed Assets 81.06 75.65
Deferred Tax Assets [Net] 0 0
Long Term Loans And Advances 0 0.74
Other Non-Current Assets 5.22 2.47
Total Non-Current Assets 86.29 78.86
CURRENT ASSETS
Inventories 1.87 1.75
Trade Receivables 3.54 2.55
Cash And Cash Equivalents 33.16 17.7
Short Term Loans And Advances 0.13 0.12
Other Current Assets 3.78 4
Total Current Assets 42.48 26.13
Total Assets 128.8 105
OTHER ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
CONTINGENT LIABILITIES, COMMITMENTS
Contingent Liabilities 66.77 32.96
CIF VALUE OF IMPORTS
EXPENDITURE IN FOREIGN EXCHANGE
REMITTANCES IN FOREIGN CURRENCIES FOR DIVIDENDS
Dividend Remittance In Foreign Currency - -
EARNINGS IN FOREIGN EXCHANGE
FOB Value Of Goods - -
Other Earnings - -
BONUS DETAILS
Bonus Equity Share Capital - -
NON-CURRENT INVESTMENTS
Non-Current Investments Quoted Market Value - -
CURRENT INVESTMENTS
Current Investments Quoted Market Value - -
Current Investments Unquoted Book Value - -

CASH FLOW OF KMC HOSPITAL

Mar-22 Mar-21
cash flow In Rs. CR
Net Profit/Loss Before Extraordinary
23.73 0
Items And Tax
Net Cash Flow From Operating Activities 29.12 0
Net Cash Used In Investing Activities -28.51 0
Net Cash Used From Financing Activities -1.07 0
Net Inc./Dec In Cash And Cash
-0.46 0
Equivalents
Cash And Cash Equivalents Begin of
2.13 0
Year
Cash And Cash Equivalents End Of Year 1.67 0
What we understand from profit and loss statement
1. From profit and loss statement we understood that their revenue
is 138.25 crores rupees in March 22 and their revenue is
increased by 33.66 crore rupees as compare to march 21 they
have revenue 104.56 corer rupees.
2. Their expenses was 108.12 crore rupees in March 22 and their
expenses also increased by 21.56 as in march 21 their expenses
was 86.52 core rupees.
3. In March 22 their profit was 32.10 crore rupees and in March 21
their profit was 18.04 corer rupees we can see that 14.04 rupees
profit for them.
What we understand from balance sheet
1. They have 128.76 crore rupees capital and liabilities in march 22
and same assets for them
2. In March 21 they had 78.86 corer rupees capital and liabilities
and same assets for them.
3. They have increase in 49.9 corer rupees in balance sheet.

Conclusion:
By the data from Profit and loss statement, balance sheet and cash flow
we can conclude that balance sheet is very important for the
stakeholders who are directly and indirectly connected to the
organisation. Inside the organisation it’s very complicated to keep all
financial reports. So it will help us to grow in revenue and profit
margin of an organisation. A balance sheet serves as reference
documents for investors and other stakeholders to get an idea of the
financial health of an organization. It enables them to compare current
assets and liabilities to determine the business's liquidity, or calculate
the rate at which the company generates returns.
Name: Yogesh jadhav
Roll no: 22MB71

Sole Proprietorship
Define:
A business that legally has no separate existence from its owner.
Income and losses are taxed on the individual's personal income tax
return.
Meaning:
The sole proprietorship is the simplest business form under which one
can operate a business. The sole proprietorship is not a legal entity. It
simply refers to a person who owns the business and is personally
responsible for its debts. A sole proprietorship can operate under the
name of its owner or it can do business under a fictitious name, such as
Nancy's Nail Salon. The fictitious name is simply a trade name it does
not create a legal entity separate from the sole proprietor owner.
Own point of view:
1. A sole proprietorship is a business that is owned and operated by
an individual. The owner is responsible for all aspects of the
business, including liabilities and debts.
2. A sole proprietor can use any name for their business as long as
it is not being used by another business in the same area.
3. A sole proprietor is someone who creates and runs a business by
themselves; they are the only business administrator.

Name: Pooja Kale

Roll no.: 22MB80

Professional Lawyer

INTRODUCTION
Professional Lawyer:
 A lawyer is typically appointed as the law firm's project manager. They work as
part of the legal project team to assist clients and further the law firm's goals. Due
to the temporary nature of projects, all legal matters (regardless of discipline) can
be considered projects and thus fall under the purview of legal project
management.
 A lawyer is someone who has been trained and licenced to prepare, manage, and
either prosecute or defend a court action on behalf of another, as well as give legal
advice on matters that may or may not require court action.
 Lawyers use the law to solve specific problems. They conduct fact and evidence
investigations by consulting with their clients and reviewing documents, and they
prepare and file pleadings in court.
 They present evidence, question witnesses, and debate legal and factual issues
during the trial. If they do not win the case, they may petition an appellate court
for a new trial or relief.

Professional Law Firm:

 All business partnerships have financial components because owning and running
a company together requires sharing, managing, and dividing money.
 Some business partnerships, however, have solely financial goals. You may have
the majority of the knowledge and experience required to run a successful
business, but you lack the capital to get it started.
  In this case, you would benefit from a silent partner who believes in your venture
enough to invest money and is willing to let you make the majority of operational
decisions.

OBJECTIVES

Professional Lawyer Objective:

 Represents clients of the firm in court;
 Renders legal advice to clients of the firm;
 Represents the firm in press briefings and interviews;
 Interprets laws, rules and proceedings for clients;
 Prepares legal documents and contracts;
 Contributes legal analyses to the firm on certain cases;
 Develops strategies on hearings based on available evidences and documentation

Balance Sheet:

Terminology:
1. Liquid Mutual Funds:
Liquid mutual funds are debt funds that invest in fixed-income
instruments with short maturity periods. The underlying debt and
 money-market instruments generally include certificates of deposit,
treasury bills, commercial paper and more.

2. PF/ PPF/ Bonds:

In fact, the PPF is also a bond through which the government of
India takes a loan from an individual. Any company bond giving
higher than PPF returns involve risk factor. In PPF, you are assured
about your return as the government won't default.
 CONCLUSION

 Legal representatives are not born knowing the law and its ethical implications.
They all begin as children in their families, where they learn their most basic
understanding of right and wrong, as well as their wisdom of equanimity and
reasonableness.

 Good parental behaviour and regard for others are prompt values that are generally
instilled as elements of ethics. As a result, these ethics transform into respect for
and submission to the law and legal authorities.

 Formal learning and drill on principles begin in school; principles are armour-
plated as rules and demeanour principles are taught in classes on virtuous manners
and right bearing, civics, societal educations, and religion.

 Guidance in these ethics and ideals should be idealistically reinforced as children

mature into their challenging years of youth and gain more experience in the
outside world.

 This way of life also serves as an essential foundation for a future legal
representative's ethical demeanour. Meanwhile, a student enters a law school;
educators are confronted with law students and their peculiar moderately matured
beliefs, some of which have now become completely implanted.

 This is a reality that law schools should accept as a starting point for teaching
Legal Ethics.
 Following law school and the Bar, the profession's and administrative authorities'
turns twitch. The legitimate profession, through the Bar and law corporations,
must assist and monitor its lawyer-members in emancipating their ethical
obligations, while the administrative authority - the Supreme Court - must be
authoritarian while remaining impartial and even-handed. Alternatively, the
community dealing with legal representatives must be aware of the ethical and
professional obligations of legal representatives.
 This responsiveness, as well as their authoritarian demand for acquiescence, must
be present to instil in legal representatives the need to walk the straight and narrow
path of ethical conduct.
 It is essential for everyone to have ethical modules in every single profession
because it guides the moral awareness of that individual person in everything he
does at the end of the day.

NAME: MANASI DEEPAK KOLI

ROLL NO: 22MB095
SUBJECT: MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING

PARTNERSHI
P FIRM
When we talk about the forms a business organisation
can take, one of the most prominent ones is a
partnership. In India particularly, it is a very popular
entity to carry out business. Let us take a look at some
important features of a partnership and also some types
of partners.

Partnership Definition
A partnership is an arrangement where parties, known as
business partners, agree to cooperate to advance their
mutual interests. The partners in a partnership may be
individuals, businesses, interest-based organizations,
schools, governments or combinations.

Introduction OF Partnership FIRM

In India, we have a definite law that covers all aspects
and functioning of a partnership, The Indian Partnership
Act 1932. The act also defines a partnership as “the
relation between two or more persons who have agreed
to share the profits from a business carried on by either
all of them or any of them on behalf of/acting for all”

So in such a case two or more (maximum numbers will

differ according to the business being carried) persons
come together as a unit to achieve some common
objective. And the profits earned in pursuit of this
objective will be shared amongst themselves.

The entity is collectively called a “Partnership Firm” and

all the individual members are the “Partners”. So let us
look at some important features.
7 Main Objectives of a PARTNERSHIP Firm
The following points highlight the seven main
objectives of a PARTNERSHIP firm. The
objectives are:
1. Profit Maximisation

2. Multiple Objectives

3. Marris Growth Maximisation

4. Baumol’s Sales Maximisation

5. Output Maximisation

6. Security Profits

7. Satisfaction Maximisation.

Features of a Partnership
1] Formation/Partnership Agreement

A partnership firm is not a separate legal entity. But

according to the act, a firm must be formed via a legal
agreement between all the partners. So a contract must
be entered into to form a partnership firm.

Its business activity must be lawful, and the motive

should be one of profit. So two people forming an
alliance to carry out charity and/or social work will not
constitute this form of organisation. Similarly, a
partnership contract to carry out illegal work, such as
smuggling, is void as well.

2] Unlimited Liability

In a unique feature, all partners have unlimited liability

in the business. The partners are all individually and
jointly liable for the firm and the payment of all debts.
This means that even personal assets of a partner can be
liquidated to meet the debts of the firm.

If the money is recovered from a single partner, he can,

in turn, sue the other partners for their share of the debt
as per the contract of the partnership.

3] Continuity

A partnership cannot carry out in perpetuity. The death

or retirement or bankruptcy or insolvency or insanity of
a partner will dissolve the firm. The remaining partners
may continue the partnership if they so choose, but a
new contract must be drawn up. Also, the partnership of
a father cannot be inherited by his son. If all the other
partners agree, he can be added on as a new partner.
4] Number of Members

As we know that there should be a minimum of two

members. However, the maximum number will vary
according to a few conditions. The Partnership Act itself
is silent on this issue, but the Companies Act, 2013
provides clarity.

For a banking business, the number of partners must not

exceed ten. For a business of any other nature, the
maximum number is twenty. If the number of partners
increases it will become an illegal entity or association.

5] Mutual Agency

In this type of organisation, the business must be carried

out by all the partners together. Or alternatively, it can
be carried out by any of the partners (one or several)
acting for all of them or on behalf of all of them. So this
means every partner is an agent as well as the principal
of the partnership.

He represents the other partners in some cases so he is

their agent. But in other circumstances, he is bound by
the actions of any of the other partners aking him the
principal as well.

Types of Partners
Not all partners of a firm have the same responsibilities
and functions. There can be various types of partners in
a partnership. Let us study the types of partners and their
rights and duties.

 Active Partner: As the name suggests he takes

active participation in the business of the firm.
He contributes to the capital, has a share in the
profit and also participates in the daily activities
of the firm. His liability in the firm will be
unlimited. And he often will act as an agent for
the other partners.
 Dormant Partner: Also known as a sleeping
partner, he will not participate in the daily
functioning of the business. But he will still
have to make his share of contribution to the
capital. In return, he will have a share in the
profits. His liability will also be unlimited.
 Secret Partner: Here the partner’s
association with the firm is not public
knowledge. He will not represent the firm to
outside agents or parties. Other than this his
participation with respect to capital, profits,
management and liability will be the same as
all the other
partners.

 Nominal Partner: This partner is only a

partner in name. He allows the firm to use the
name of his firm, and the attached goodwill.
But he in no way contributes to the capital and
 hence has no share in the profits. He does not
involve himself in the firm’s business. But his
liability too will be unlimited.
 Partner by Estoppel: If a person makes it
out to be, through their conduct or behaviour,
that they are partners in a firm and he does not
correct them, then he becomes a partner by
estoppel. However, this partner too will have
unlimited liability.
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Conclusions of partnership firm are as follows:-
1. This type of firms are comparatively is more
successful than sole proprietor owned firms.
2. Liabilities are shared as a result there is less risk.
3. Decision making process would comparatively be
more successful.
4. If the partners of the firm do not have same
mentality then there os a chance of clause in decision
making.

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