Oslo Gardermoen Airport

Nordic Office of Architecture has added a 300-metre-long extension with a curved roof to
the airport in Oslo it designed in the 1990s. Oslo-based Nordic has doubled the size of the Norwegian
airport with the addition of the 140,000-square-metre extension. It increases the capacity of the airport
to 35 million passengers a year. The project included the expansion of the existing terminal and the
addition of a new train station, which is located at the centre of the airport. The new 300-metre-long
structure branches out perpendicular to the existing terminal. It features a curved roof clad in a
combination of reflective panels and timber sourced from Scandinavian forests.
Inside the terminal, domestic and
international gates are stacked on top of
one another. A large window at the northern
end of the pier and long expanses of
glazing along the sides provide views of the
runway, while the 300-metre-long skylight
brings in natural light to the gates. "The
compact layout of the building,
transparency and open spaces enhance
visual legibility and wayfinding, providing
reassurance and peace of mind for
travellers," said the architects. The
structure is glue-laminated timber, also
known as glulam, which is manufactured by
layering up multiple slices of wood and
gluing them together. These ribs remain
exposed inside, supported by thick
concrete columns. All the materials,
including recycled steel and concrete mixed
with volcanic ash, were chosen to be
environmentally friendly. The architects
claim this is one of the most energy-efficient
airports in the world. Nordic Office of
Architecture teamed up with architects Niels
Torp, Skaarup & Jespersen and Hjellnes
Cowi to design Oslo Airport in 1988. It is the
main domestic and international airport
serving Norway.

LOCATION: Gardermoen, Viken

ARCHITECTS: Niels Torp, Skaarup & Jespersen and Hjellnes Cowi

NAME: PATRICIA ANNE D. YUTUC

SECTION: BSAR – 4E
 Washington D.C. Subway Metro Station
“METRO” one of the busiest public transportation systems in the country. Its expansive network
of tunnels and above ground tracks connect all four quadrants of DC with suburban Virginia and
Maryland. The Washington, DC Metro serves thousands of commuters and visitors each day. Because
the train system is so heavily used by busy local commuters, there are a number of unspoken rules
that visitors should be aware of. If possible, you may want to ride at off-peak hours when the train
system is much less hectic.
Many Metro stations were designed by Chicago architect Harry Weese, and are examples of
late 20th century modern architecture. With their heavy use of exposed concrete and repetitive design
motifs, Metro stations display aspects of Brutalist design. The stations also reflect the influence of
Washington's neoclassical architecture in their overarching coffered ceiling vaults. Weese worked
with Cambridge, Massachusetts-based lighting designer Bill Lam on the indirect lighting used
throughout the system. All of Metro's original Brutalist stations are found in Downtown Washington,
D.C. and neighboring urban corridors of Arlington, Virginia, while newer stations incorporate simplified
cost-efficient designs. In 2007, the design of the Metro's vaulted-ceiling stations was voted number 106
on the "America's Favorite Architecture" list compiled by the American Institute of Architects (AIA), and
was the only Brutalist design to win a place among the 150 selected by this public survey.
In January 2014, the AIA
announced that it would present
its Twenty-five Year Award to the
Washington Metro system for "an
architectural design of enduring
significance" that "has stood the
test of time by embodying
architectural excellence for 25 to
35 years". The announcement
cited the key role of Weese, who
conceived and implemented a
"common design kit-of-parts",
which continues to guide the
construction of new Metro
stations over a quarter-century
later, albeit with designs modified
slightly for cost reasons. Beginning in 2003, canopies were added to existing exits of underground
stations, due to the wear and tear seen on escalators due to exposure to the elements.

LOCATION: Washington, District of Columbia (D.C.), United States

ARCHITECT: Harry Weese (American architect)

NAME: PATRICIA ANNE D. YUTUC

SECTION: BSAR – 4E
 Saint Louis Art Museum
The Saint Louis Art Museum, founded in 1879, is home to fine and decorative art spanning five
millennia and six continents. The museum attracts thousands of visitors each year to its wide-ranging
collection and innovative exhibitions. The original beaux-arts building was designed for the 1904
World's Fair, but after more than a century of acquisitions, the museum required more space and asked
architect David Chipper field to design an extension. The East Building opened in 2013. In addition to
extensive holdings of fine and decorative art from Europe and Asia, the museum boasts a large
collection of Native American art and African American art reaching from the early 19th century to the
present day.
Plans to expand the museum, which existed in the 1995 Forest Park Master Plan and the
museum's 2000 Strategic Plan, began in earnest in 2005, when the museum board selected the British
architect Sir David Chipperfield to design the expansion; Michel Desvigne was selected as landscape
architect. The St. Louis-based firm, Hellmuth, Obata, and Kassabaum (HOK) was the architect of
record to work with the construction team. On November 5, 2007, museum officials released the design
plans to the public and hosted public conversations about those plans. A model of the new building
was displayed in the museum's Sculpture Hall throughout the construction project. In 2008, citing the
declining state of the economy, the museum announced that it would delay the start of the expansion,
whose cost was then estimated at $125 million.
Construction began in 2009; the
museum remained open. The
expansion added more than 224,000
square feet (20,800 m2) of gallery
space, including an underground
garage, within the lease lines of the
property. Money for the project was
raised through private gifts to the capital
campaign from individuals, foundations
and corporations, and from proceeds
from the sale of tax-exempt bonds. The
fundraising campaigned covered the
$130-million cost of construction and a
$31.2 million increase to the museum's
endowment to support incremental
costs of operating the larger facility. The
expanded facility opened in the summer
of 2013.

LOCATION: St. Louis, Missouri, United States

ARCHITECTS: David Chipperfield, Cass Gilbert

NAME: PATRICIA ANNE D. YUTUC

SECTION: BSAR – 4E
 METU Faculty of Architecture Building in Ankara
The Middle East Technical University (METU) Faculty of Architecture Building located in
Ankara is considered the premier example of modern architecture in Turkey.Originally housing
administrative offices and the university’s central library, the building was conceived in the 1950s to
reflect a political agenda that valued innovation and new models for learning. Designed by Turkish-
born architect couple Altuğ and Behruz Çinici as a manifestation of a forward-looking nation, the
building incorporates striking nods to the International Style, as well as regional interpretations of
modernism.
In 1966 the building became the Faculty of Architecture, which is highly regarded
academically for its technical capability as well as its cultural heritage preservation program. This
expertise is now needed for their own building, which faces the deterioration of modern elements and
persistent energy performance problems resulting from the campus’s location on the harsh,
earthquake-prone Anatolian steppe. Given the architectural significance of the Faculty building, the
university will research and develop a long-term conservation management plan with the help of
METU faculty and the leadership of the Faculty of Architecture. The university intends to use the
resulting plan as a prototype for the conservation of other buildings on the METU campus and to
raise public awareness about the importance of preserving Turkey’s modern architecture.

LOCATION: Ankara, Turkey

ARCHITECTS: Altuğ and Behruz Çinici, Architects

NAME: PATRICIA ANNE D. YUTUC

SECTION: BSAR – 4E
 San Diego Central Library
When the newly built San Diego Central Library opens its doors in autumn 2013, it will be a
landmark project for both the City of San Diego and the project’s design and construction teams alike.
The project presents multiple unique challenges in its many unique structural frame components,
most of which are architecturally expressed with minimal treatment. Prevalent among the structural
design elements are the cast-in-place architectural concrete frame beams and columns, exposed
concrete waffle slabs, and the iconic steel and aluminum dome structure that provides shade and
acclimatizes the eighth-floor main reading room. The building is designed for a minimum live load of
150 pounds per square foot (psf) at and above the ground level, with limited areas to receive compact
shelving designed for 300 psf. The nearly 350,000 square feet of typical floors employ a 23-inch (0.6
meter) thick waffle slab with waffle voids spaced four feet (1.2 meters) on center. The decision for
waffle slabs also accommodates the 32-foot (10-meter) wide column bays. The aesthetic of the
waffles as viewed from below, as an exposed ceiling, is architecturally appealing and also possesses
sound-attenuating properties. Strategic use of in-slab beams, combined with upturned frame beams
at the floor plates’ edges, allows maximum daylighting of the interiors via clerestory glazing set
between the upturned beams and waffle ceiling soffits. Typical floor to floor heights are 15 feet (4.6
meters).

LOCATION: San Diego, CA 92101, United States

ARCHITECTS: Rob Wellington Quigley, FAIA – San Diego, CA

NAME: PATRICIA ANNE D. YUTUC

SECTION: BSAR – 4E
 Montreal Museum of Fine Arts
The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts (MMFA; French: Musée des beaux-arts de Montréal,
MBAM) is an art museum in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is the largest art museum in Canada by
gallery space. The museum is located on the historic Golden Square Mile stretch of Sherbrooke
Street.
The MMFA is spread across five pavilions, and occupies a total floor area of 53,095 square
metres (571,510 sq ft), 13,000 (140,000 sq ft) of which are exhibition space. With the 2016
inauguration of the Michal and Renata Hornstein Pavilion for Peace, the museum campus was
expected to become the eighteenth largest art museum in North America. The permanent collection
included approximately 44,000 works in 2013. The original "reading room" of the Art Association of
Montreal was the precursor of the museum's current library, the oldest art library in Canada.
The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts is a member of the International Group of Organizers of Large-
scale Exhibitions, also known as the Bizot Group, a forum which allows the leaders of the largest
museums in the world to exchange works and exhibitions.
Founded in 1860, it is the oldest art museum in Canada.

LOCATION: Montréal, QC H3G 1J5, Canada

ARCHITECTS: William Sutherland Maxwell and brother Edward Maxwell

NAME: PATRICIA ANNE D. YUTUC

SECTION: BSAR – 4E
 Barbican Centre
The Barbican Centre is a performing arts centre in the Barbican Estate of the City of
London and the largest of its kind in Europe. The centre hosts classical and contemporary
music concerts, theatre performances, film screenings and art exhibitions. It also houses a library,
three restaurants, and a conservatory. The Barbican Centre is member of the Global Cultural Districts
Network.
The London Symphony Orchestra and the BBC Symphony Orchestra are based in the
centre's Concert Hall. In 2013, it once again became the London-based venue of the Royal
Shakespeare Company following the company's departure in 2001.
The Barbican Centre is owned, funded, and managed by the City of London Corporation, the
third-largest arts funder in the United Kingdom. It was built as the City's gift to the nation at a cost of
£161 million (equivalent to £480 million in 2014) and was officially opened to the public by Queen
Elizabeth II on 3 March 1982. The Barbican Centre is also known for its brutalist architecture.

LOCATION: Silk St, Barbican, London EC2Y 8DS, United Kingdom

ARCHITECTS: Chamberlin, Powell and Bon

NAME: PATRICIA ANNE D. YUTUC

SECTION: BSAR – 4E
 Bodø Library
Through an invited international competition in 2009, DRDH was awarded the design of a new
Library for the city of Bodø in northern Norway. The invitation followed on from a previous open
competition for the masterplan of the city’s Cultural Quarter in 2008, which the practice won. The City
Library is one of two principal buildings within the Cultural Quarter, alongside a Concert Hall and
Theatre also being designed by DRDH. Both buildings respond to the particularities of their context,
situated between city and landscape, whilst maintaining a familial relationship that creates an urban
ensemble. Externally, both façades display a trabeated construction of pre-cast concrete, with an
aggregate of local white stone. Forms rhyme between them. Roofs and towers speak to one another
and the library establishes a horizon, across which the Concert Hall surveys the dramatic landscape of
sea and mountains.
Internally however the buildings
offer quite different characters. The
principal spaces of the Library describe
an open internal landscape, which
focuses upon the main reading space
with its glazed elevation to the harbour.
The building includes a number of other
community functions including a flexible
performance space, a gallery, a
multifunction room and a café. These are
defined as a series of rooms that face the
city streets. The building is open to both
the city and the harbour, with entrances
connected by an internal street. The
childrens library, at the top of the
building, is more intimate, nestled
beneath an inverted roof form and
focused around an external play
court. Throughout the detailed design
stages, the project has been coordinated
through extensive use of Building
Information Modelling (BIM). The
proposal is currently at construction
stage and is due to be completed in 2014.

LOCATION: Storgata 1A, 8006 Bodø, Norway

ARCHITECTS: Daniel Rosbottom and David Howarth

NAME: PATRICIA ANNE D. YUTUC

SECTION: BSAR – 4E
 Lima’s New University
The university was designed by
Yvonne Farrell and Shelley McNamara of
Irish firm Grafton Architects, in
collaboration with local architects Shell
Arquitectos, completed in 2014. The
Guardian has included UTEC in its list of
top ten buildings in the world, and for this
reason, Vidal was curious to visit. “It’s a
super-huge building in comparison to the
standard buildings that surround it,” Vidal
tells us. The university is situated in the
Malecon, a popular district of Miraflores
that is known for its gardens and boardwalk
strip overlooking the cliff’s edge of the
Pacific Ocean. This part of the city is set
against a long coastline of cliffs that drop
sharply to meet the Pacific Ocean below.
This boundary between the city and
the sea was the conceptual starting point
for the university’s design. “You won’t miss
it easily,” says Vidal of the Brutalist
building. “It was a pleasant shock the first
time I saw it, and I love the multiple layers
that are so visible from the outdoors.” The
university’s staggering floor plan features
ten floors of reinforced concrete,
responding to the brief of a ‘man-made
cliff’—emulating the topography of the
actual cliff nearby. “Its structure is
considered to be against conventional
beauty, and yet it integrates perfectly into
the Lima landscape,” he says. Vidal’s
sharp images focus on the lines, angles,
and shadows of the building’s architecture,
acting as a study of the university’s
arrangement.

LOCATION: Storgata 1A, 8006 Bodø, Norway

ARCHITECTS: Yvonne Farrell and Shelley McNamara

NAME: PATRICIA ANNE D. YUTUC

SECTION: BSAR – 4E
 Boston City Hall
Boston City Hall is the seat of city government of Boston, Massachusetts. It includes the offices
of the mayor of Boston and the Boston City Council. The current hall was built in 1968 to assume the
functions of the Old City Hall. It is a controversial and prominent example of Brutalist architecture, part
of the modernist movement. It was designed by the architecture firms Kallmann McKinnell &
Knowles and Campbell, Aldrich & Nulty, with LeMessurier Consultants as engineers. Together with the
surrounding plaza, City Hall is part of the Government Center complex. This project constituted a major
urban redesign effort in the 1960s, as Boston demolished an area of substandard housing and
businesses.
The building has been subject to widespread public condemnation, and is sometimes called
one of the world's ugliest buildings. Calls for the structure to be demolished have been regularly made
even before construction was finished. Architects and critics considered it to be excellent work, with
one poll finding that professional architects describe Boston City Hall as one of the ten proudest
achievements of American architecture. This is because many architects do not care what the public
thinks about the structures they design and see themselves as artists rather than public servants.

LOCATION: Boston, MA 02201, United States

ARCHITECTS: Michael McKinnell, Gerhard Kallmann

NAME: PATRICIA ANNE D. YUTUC

SECTION: BSAR – 4E