Eighth Edition

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Distributed Forces: Moments of Inertia
Introduction Moments of Inertia of an Area Polar Moment of Inertia Parallel Axis Theorem Moments of Inertia of Composite Areas Sample Problem 9.4 Sample Problem 9.5 Product of Inertia

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Eighth Edition

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Moment of Inertia of an Area by Integration
Second moments or moments of inertia of an area with respect to the x and y axes, I x = y 2 dA I y = x 2 dA

Evaluation of the integrals is simplified by choosing d to be a thin strip parallel to one of the coordinate axes. For a rectangular area, I x = y dA = y 2 bdy = 1 bh 3 3
2 0 h

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Eighth Edition

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Polar Moment of Inertia
The polar moment of inertia is an important parameter in problems involving torsion of cylindrical shafts and rotations of slabs. J 0 = r 2 dA

The polar moment of inertia is related to the rectangular moments of inertia, J 0 = r 2 dA = x 2 + y 2 dA = x 2 dA + y 2 dA = I y + Ix

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Eighth Edition

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Parallel Axis Theorem
Consider moment of inertia I of an area A with respect to the axis AA I = y 2 dA

The axis BB passes through the area centroid and is called a centroidal axis. I = y 2 dA = ( y + d )2 dA = y 2 dA + 2d ydA + d 2 dA I = I + Ad 2 parallel axis theorem

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Eighth Edition

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Parallel Axis Theorem
Moment of inertia IT of a circular area with respect to a tangent to the circle, I T = I + Ad 2 = 1 r 4 + r 2 r 2 4 = 5 r4 4

( )

Moment of inertia of a triangle with respect to a centroidal axis, I AA = I BB + Ad 2

1 I BB = I AA Ad 2 = 12 bh 3 1 bh 1 h 2 3

( )2

1 bh3 36

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Eighth Edition

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Moments of Inertia of Composite Areas
The moment of inertia of a composite area A about a given axis is obtained by adding the moments of inertia of the component areas A1, A2, A3, ... , with respect to the same axis.

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Eighth Edition

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Moments of Inertia of Composite Areas

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Eighth Edition

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Sample Problem 9.4
SOLUTION: Determine location of the centroid of composite section with respect to a coordinate system with origin at the centroid of the beam section. Apply the parallel axis theorem to determine moments of inertia of beam section and plate with respect to composite section centroidal axis. Calculate the radius of gyration from the moment of inertia of the composite section.

The strength of a W14x38 rolled steel beam is increased by attaching a plate to its upper flange. Determine the moment of inertia and radius of gyration with respect to an axis which is parallel to the plate and passes through the centroid of the section.

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Eighth Edition

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Sample Problem 9.4
SOLUTION: Determine location of the centroid of composite section with respect to a coordinate system with origin at the centroid of the beam section. Section A, in 2 y , in. yA, in 3 Plate 6.75 7.425 50.12 Beam Section 11.20 0 0 A = 17.95 yA = 50.12

Y A = yA

y A = 50.12 in 3 = 2.792 in. Y = A 17.95 in 2

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Eighth Edition

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Sample Problem 9.4
Apply the parallel axis theorem to determine moments of inertia of beam section and plate with respect to composite section centroidal axis. I x ,beam section = I x + AY 2 = 385 + (11.20)(2.792)2 = 472.3 in 4
1 I x ,plate = I x + Ad 2 = 12 (9 ) 3 + (6.75 )(7.425 2.792) 4

( )3

= 145.2 in 4 I x = I x ,beam section + I x ,plate = 472.3 + 145.2 I x = 618 in 4 Calculate the radius of gyration from the moment of inertia of the composite section. k x = I x 617.5 in 4 = A 17.95 in 2 k x = 5.87 in.
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2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Eighth Edition

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Sample Problem 9.5
SOLUTION: Compute the moments of inertia of the bounding rectangle and half-circle with respect to the x axis. The moment of inertia of the shaded area is obtained by subtracting the moment of inertia of the half-circle from the moment of inertia of the rectangle. Determine the moment of inertia of the shaded area with respect to the x axis.

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Eighth Edition

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Sample Problem 9.5
SOLUTION: Compute the moments of inertia of the bounding rectangle and half-circle with respect to the x axis. Rectangle: I x = 1 bh 3 = 1 (240 )(120 ) = 138.2 106 mm 4 3 3 Half-circle: moment of inertia with respect to AA, I AA = 1 r 4 = 1 (90 )4 = 25.76 106 mm4 8 8 moment of inertia with respect to x, a= 4 r (4)(90) = = 38.2 mm 3 3 b = 120 - a = 81.8 mm I x = I AA Aa 2 = 25.76 106 12.72 103 = 7.20 10 6 mm4 moment of inertia with respect to x, I x = I x + Ab 2 = 7.20 106 + 12.72 103 (81.8)2 = 92.3 106 mm 4
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)(

A = 1 r 2 = 1 (90 )2 2 2 = 12.72 103 mm2

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Eighth Edition

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Sample Problem 9.5
The moment of inertia of the shaded area is obtained by subtracting the moment of inertia of the half-circle from the moment of inertia of the rectangle.

Ix

138.2 106 mm4

92.3 10 6 mm4

I x = 45.9 10 6 mm4

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Eighth Edition

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Product of Inertia
Product of Inertia: I xy = xy dA

When the x axis, the y axis, or both are an axis of symmetry, the product of inertia is zero.

Parallel axis theorem for products of inertia: I xy = I xy + x yA

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Eighth Edition

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Sample Problem 9.6
SOLUTION: Determine the product of inertia

Apply the parallel axis theorem to evaluate the product of inertia with respect to the centroidal axes.

Determine the product of inertia of the right triangle (a) with respect to the x and y axes and (b) with respect to centroidal axes parallel to the x and y axes.
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Eighth Edition

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Sample Problem 9.6
Apply the parallel axis theorem to evaluate the product of inertia with respect to the centroidal axes. x = 1b 3 y = 1h 3

With the results from part a, I xy = I x y + x yA

1 I x y = 24 b2 h 2 1 b 3

( )(1 h )(12 bh ) 3
1 I x y = 72 b 2 h2

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Eighth Edition

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Sample Problem 9.7
SOLUTION: Compute the product of inertia with respect to the xy axes by dividing the section into three rectangles and applying the parallel axis theorem to each.

For the section shown, the moments of inertia with respect to the x and y axes are Ix = 10.38 in4 and Iy = 6.97 in4. Determine (a) the orientation of the principal axes of the section about O, and (b) the values of the principal moments of inertia about O.
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Eighth Edition

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Sample Problem 9.7
SOLUTION:
Compute the product of inertia with respect to the xy axes by dividing the section into three rectangles. Apply the parallel axis theorem to each rectangle, I xy = I xy + x yA

Note that the product of inertia with respect to centroidal axes parallel to the xy axes is zero for each rectangle. Rectangle Area, in 2 x , in. y , in. I 1.5 1.25 + 1.75 II 1.5 0 0 III 1.5 + 1.25 1.75 x yA, in 4 3.28 0 3.28 x yA = 6.56

I xy = xy A = 6.56 in 4
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Eighth Edition

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Moments of Inertia of Common Geometric Shapes

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