Tahun Pengarang

2013 Abnisa
2019 Istadi

1999 Man, Y.B.

2017 Mota

2020 Istadi

2017 Santos

2019 Zikri

2017 Xu

2020 Makertihartha
2017 Tambun
Judul
Co-pyrolysis of palm
Plasma-Assisted shellToward
Reactor and polystyrene waste
Cracking of Palmmixtures
Oil to synthesis liquid fuel
into Biofuels
Composition and Thermal Profile of Crude Palm Oil
and Its Products

Production and characterization of green gasoline obtained by

thermal catalytic cracking of crude palm oil (Elaeis
guineensis, Jacq.) in a pilot plant

Enhancing Brønsted and Lewis Acid Sites of the Utilized Spent RFCC Catalyst Waste for the Continuous
Cracking Process of Palm Oil to Enhancing Brønsted and Lewis Acid Sites of the Utilized Spent RFCC
Catalyst Waste for the Continuous Cracking Process of Palm Oil to Biofuels

Gasoline-like hydrocarbons by catalytic cracking of soap phase residue of neutralization process of palm
oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)

Green diesel production from Crude Palm Oil (CPO) using catalytic hydrogenation method
Bio-fuel oil characteristic from catalytic cracking of hydrogenated
palm oil

Biogasoline Production from Palm Oil: Optimization of Catalytic Cracking Parameters

Biofuel Production from Palm Olein by Catalytic Cracking Process using ZSM-5 Catalyst
bahan Katalis waktu suhu hasil
palm shell:PS = 40:60 - 45 menit 600 alifatik & aromatik
Palm oil HY-Zeolite
Na-Y Zeolite
CPO - komposisi CPO

CPO Na2CO3 20% w/w - 450 52.76% hidrokarbon

15.76% parafin
31.54% olefin
3.50% naften
1.94% aromatik
Palm Oil HY-Zeolite hydrocarbon 77.72 %
RFCC HC 66.31%
RFCC-C HC 65.24%
RFCC-S HC 56.99%
RFCC-M HC 91.39%
soap phase residue Na2CO3 15% w/w 450
1 atm

CPO NiMO/Al2O3 280-380 green diesel

hydrogen H2 injection 4-9 Mpa 315 (opt)
HPO KOH 350-500 alkane
alkene
C18+
Palm oil ZSM-5 2 jam 500 bio-naphtha
Palm Olein ZSM-5 120 menit 400 C6-C12
C14-C16
C18-C20
yield konversi Selektivitas

99.11% 34.25%
98.06% 13.96%
50% saturated fatty acid C50 : 42.58%
50% unsaturated fatty acid C52 : 40.46%
TG olein C50 : 42.04%
TG olein C52 : 45.66%
Stearin C48 : 22.3%
Stearin C50 : 40%
Stearin C52 : 29%
TG trisaturated : 10.2%
TG disaturated : 48%
TG monosaturated : 34.6%
TG triunsaturated : 6.8%
65.86%

71.34% 6.69% gasoline100% HC

91.59% HC 12.77% kerosene
8.41% oxygenates 15.52% light diesel
38.02% heavy diesel
68.20%

100% 48%
19.47%
16.56%
48.80%
Xu, 2017
Tahun Pengarang Judul
2003 Rutkowski Influence of zinc chloride addition on the chemical structure of bio-oil obtained
during co-pyrolysis of wood/synthetic polymer blends
2013 Abnisa Pyrolysis of Mixtures of Palm Shell and Polystyrene: An Optional Method to
Produce a High-Grade of Pyrolysis Oil
2012 Onal An experimental study on bio-oil production from co-pyrolysis with potato skin
and high-density polyethylene (HDPE)

2010 Brebu Co-pyrolysis of pine cone with synthetic polymers

2006 Rutkowski Influence of polystyrene addition to cellulose on chemical structure and properties
of bio-oil obtained during pyrolysis

2012 biswas Synergistic co-processing/co-cracking of Jatropha oil, petroleum vacuum residue,

and high density polyethylene
bahan Katalis komposisi suhu hasil yield cair
kayu pinus ZnCl2 450 alkana 37-91%
polimer blend (PS, PP) alkena
cangkang sawit - 1:00 500 bio fuel 38.01 MJ/kg 46.13->61.63%
PS 1:01
kulit kentang 1:00 400 alkana
HDPE 1:01 420 alkena
1:02 450
2:01 470
0:01 500 56%
550
Pinus pinea L - pc 500 alkohol 8.9
PE, PP, PS pc/PE asam karboksilat 45
pc/PP aldehid 45.7
pc/PS aromatics 52.3
pc/PE/PP/PS (3/4/2/1) 64.1
cell/PE/PP/PS (3/4/2/1) 54.9
selulosa 1:00 500 aldehid 45.5
PS 3:01 benzene & turunan 52.9
1:01 aromatics 58.8
1:03 80.1
0:01 94.8
jatropha oil VR:JO = 1:1 800
vacuum residue VR:PE = 1:1 Thus the co-pyrolysis of JO, VR, and HDPE seems
process to upgrade the low value VR, plastic wast
fuels. The kinetic parameter derived can thus be u
engineering for reactor and process designing, m
HDPE VR:JO:PE = 1:1:1 applications.
 46.13->61.63%

To summarize, co-pyrolysis seems to be an effective way of simultaneously processing plastics

and biomass, giving a high yield of liquid products.

of JO, VR, and HDPE seems to be a feasible

e low value VR, plastic waste into higher value liquid
meter derived can thus be used in the process
r and process designing, modeling and many industrial
Tahun PengarangJudul
2018 Maharim Production of value-added liquid fuel via microwave co pyrolysis of used
frying oil and plastic waste
2015 Zhang
Production of aromatic hydrocarbons from catalytic co pyrolysis of
biomass and high density polyethylene: Analytical Py–GC/MS study
2017 Wang Catalytic co-pyrolysis of waste vegetable oil and high density polyethylene
for hydrocarbon fuel production
2015 Shadangi Co-pyrolysis of Karanja and Niger seeds with waste polystyrene to produce
liquid fuel

2018 Ozsin
A comparative study on co-pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass with
polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, and polyvinyl chloride:
Synergistic effects and product characteristics

2019 muneer Influence of in-situ and ex-situ HZSM-5 catalyst on co-pyrolysis of corn
stalk and polystyrene with a focus on liquid yield and quality
bahan Katalis Komposisi waktu suhu hasil yield konversi
minyak jelantah - 25 menit
limbah plastik
batang jagung HZSM-5 500-600
HDPE

minyak jelantah ZrO2 15% wt 1:01 430 alkana

HDPE
Karanja - Karanja 100% 37.65 MJ/kg
Niger Karanja 1:1 38.83
PS Karanja 2:1 42.18
Karanja 4:1 29.02
Karanja 8:1 26.53
Niger 100% 35.87
Niger 1:1 32.15
Niger 2:1 41.42
Niger 4:1 31.82
Niger 8:1 29.77
walnut shell - 20.81% walnut 500 fenol & tu 49.8
peach stones 18.20% peach stone benzen & turunan
PET, PS, PVC keton
asam & ester
alkohol
batang jagung HZSM-5 1:00 aromatik
PS 1:03
1:01
3:01
0:01
Selektivitas
the co-pyrolysis approach demonstrated positive synergistic effects in providing fast heating rate (up to 50C per min

In order to promote the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons, the H/Ceff ratio of feedstock should be improved to b

97.85%

(Zhang, 2015)

peningkatan yield 9.4% dengan penambahan ko-reaktan dibandingkan dengan masing-masing reaktannya saja.
heating rate (up to 50C per min)

stock should be improved to be >1.0.

eaktannya saja.
tahun pengarang judul
2009 Nares Characterization and Hydrogenation Activity of Ni/Si(Al)- MCM 41
Catalysts Prepared by Deposition-Precipitation
2016 qiu Efficient Hydrogenolysis of Guaiacol over Highly Dispersed Ni/MCM-41
Catalyst Combined with HZSM-5
2018 du The Conversion of Jatropha Oil into Jet-fuel on NiMo/Al-MCM-41
Catalyst: Intrinsic Synergic Effects between Ni and Mo
2009 Marceau Nickel(II) Nitrate vs. Acetate: Influence of the Precursor on the
structure and Reducibility of Ni/MCM-41 and Ni/AlMCM-41 Catalysts
 metode bahan reaksi hasil
deposition- Ni(OH)2 hidrogenasi naftalena
precipitation
co-impregnation EG hydrogenolysis guaiacol
HZSM-5
jatropha oil --> jet fuel

impregnasi basah Ni-nitrate acetate > nitrate

Ni-acetate