Subjects; Contents & objectives chapters

I. Academic writing

Objectives
1. Understand what is expected at Masters level at University.

2. Know how to use an appropriate academic writing style

3. Identify and describe the major components of the academic writing style

5. Describe a process for academic writing

Wk II. CAD: Risk factors and atherosclerosis: Nursing implication
2
Objectives
1. Identify major risk factors that contribute to atherosclerosis and CAD.
2. Discuss how each factor contribute to atherosclerosis and CAD
3. Describe nursing intervention strategies for patients at increased risk for
atherosclerosis and CAD.
4. Compare and contrast among theories of atherosclerosis.

Outline
- Theories of atherosclerosis
-Risk factors to CAD:
Hypertension
Smoking
D.M
Blood lipids and cholesterol
Other risk factors: age, gender, physical inactivity, stress and type A personality,
body weight, and oral contraceptives.
-Strategies to manage major risk factors: Patient teaching and behavior modification,
pharmacological and non-pharmacological intervention strategies
III. Nursing Management of angina, MI Patients receiving conventional
therapeutic approach.

Objectives
1. Compare and contrast among different type of angina in terms of clinical
parameters
2. Distinguish between unstable angina and non-ST segment elevation MI
3. Identify types of MI, Q-wave and non-Q-wave MI
 4. Describe phases of MI.
4. Compare and contrast among subjective and objective indicators of angina and MI
5. Describe the most common diagnostic procedures of angina and MI
6. Compare and contrast among medical approaches of managing unstable angina, NON-
ST segments elevation MI, and ST segment elevation MI.
7. Discuss patients' physiological and psychological responses that affect the size of
infarct.
8. Identify physiological and psychological human responses to angina & MI
9. Develop understanding of drug therapy used in management of angina & MI in terms
of action, side effects and nursing implications
10. Design a discharge plan for patients with angina & MI, activity, risk factor
modification and compliance.

Outline

-Type of angina:
Stable, Variant, Unstable; clinical indicators
-Types, phases of MI
-Subjective and objective indicators of non-ST segment elevation MI, and ST segment
elevation MI.
-Diagnostic procedures for CAD: ECG, echocardiogram, cardiac enzymes, exercise
stress test.
-Medical approaches for management of Unstable angina, NON-ST segment elevation
MI, and ST segment elevation MI.
-Increased myocardial workload: physiological and psychological responses to MI
-Hemodynamic monitoring
-Pain and activity intolerance: Nursing implications
-Physical and emotional rest: Nursing implications
-Oxygen and diet therapy: Nursing implications
-Drug therapy: Nursing implications, Common drug therapy:
Nitrates, B blockers, Calcium channel blockers, Angiotensin Converting enzyme
inhibitor, Antiplatlets, Anti thrombin
-Complications of MI: Nursing implications
-Discharge plan for MI patients: Cardiac rehabilitation, compliance with medical
therapy, and risk factors modification.

IV. Nursing management of patients undergoing thrombolytic agents.

Wk
3 Current thrombolytic agents used in clinical practice
1. Identify clinical indications for thrombolytic agents
2. Identify contraindications to thrombolytic agents, absolute and relative
3. Identify the thrombolytic agent
4. Discuss the mechanism of action of each Objectives
5. Design/ review an assessment protocol for MI patients’ pre-administration of
thrombolytic agents
6. Design a protocol specific for thrombolytic agents administration and MI patients’
management
7. Identify complications and side effects of thrombolytic agents
8. Identify clinical indicators of reperfusion as a result of thrombolytic agents
9. Discus delay to thrombolytic agents and the associated factors.
 Outline
-Thrombolytic agents: Streptokinase, tissue plasminogen activators…etc
-Mechanisms of action of thrombolytic agents
-Indications for thrombolytic agents
-Contraindications for thrombolytic agents
-Pre-administration of thrombolytic agents assessment protocol
-Nursing protocol for managing MI patients receiving thrombolytic agents
-Complications of thrombolytic agents; side effects and nursing implications
-Clinical indicators of reperfusion
-Research based review of delay to reperfusion: patient, transportation, and hospital.

V. Nursing management of patients with CAD receiving Cardiac invasive

Wk interventions
4
Objectives
1. Identify indications (characteristics of plaques) for PTCA , STENT & atheroectomy
2. Discuss nursing management required pre-PTCA/STENT
3. Compare and contrast among different designs of STENT
3. Describe how PTCA/STENT dilate stenotic coronary arteries
4. Discuss immediate and long-term complications of PTCA/STENT
5. Compare among major revascularization interventional procedures in terms of
outcomes.
6. Identify psychosocial human responses to PTCA/STENT
7. Design a nursing management protocol for immediate and long-term care post-
PTCA/STENT.
Outline
-Definition of PTCA/STENT/ atheroectomy
-Indications for PTCA/STENT: clinical characteristics of atherosclerotic plaque
-Design of STENT
-Mechanism of action/dilatation of PTCA/STENT
-Immediate and long term complications of PTCA/STENT
-Psychosocial responses to PTCA/STENT
-Research based review about the outcomes of different revascularization interventional
strategies.
-Pre-PTCA/STENT nursing management and education
-Post-PTCA/STENT nursing management
-Discharge plan for patients with CAD received PTCA/STENT

Wk
5 VI. Nursing management of patients with valvular disorders.
&6
Objectives

1. Compare and contrast pathophysiological alterations of valve stenosis and

Insufficiencies.
2. Identify common causes of valvar defects in adult patient
3. Describe the types of artificial heart valves
4. Identify possible complications of valvular surgery
5. Discuss nursing implications for the patient after valvular surgery
6.Formulate a postoperative teaching care plan for the patient with a cardiac valve
replacement
7. Discuss the quality of life for patients with prosthetic heart valves.

Outline
-Valvular surgery
-Approaches to valvular surgery
-Types of prosthetic heart valves
-Complications of valve replacement
-Nursing care in valve replacement
-Discharge planning

VII. Nursing management of patients with cardiac surgeries, valve surgery and
CABG.

Objectives
1. Identify indications for cardiac surgery
2. Describe the cardiopulmonary bypass process
3. Discuss assessment and intervention strategies pre-cardiac surgery
4. Relate post-operative pathophysiological alterations to cardiac surgery (bypass)
5. Discuss assessment and management principles post-cardiac surgery
6. Explain post-operative complications of cardiac surgery.
7. Discuss discharge and teaching plans for patients with CABG

Outline
-Indications for cardiac surgeries :On pump/off pump
Bypass surgery
Valve surgery
Effects of cardiopulmonary bypass
Pre-operative management principles
-Nursing assessment
-Physiological Preparation
-Psychological preparation: Post-operative management principles
-pain
-Ventilatory support
-Cardiac output
-Hypotension and hemodynamic
-Hypothermia related changes
-Chest drainage and bleeding
-Neurological changes
-Major complications of cardiac surgery: Altered fluid and electrolyte balance
Decreased cardiac output, and dysrhythmias
Decreased contractility
Altered blood pressure
Post-operative pain
Postoperative bleeding
Early cardiac tamponade
Pulmonary dysfunction
 Neurological dysfunction
Wound infection
Sleep disturbances
Thrombosis and embolism

-Discharge preparation: Patient education

compliance

Wk
7
VIII. Nursing management of patients with Ventricular tachycardia

Objectives
1. Describe major life-threatening arrhythmias
2. Identify clinical and ECG indicators of V. Tach.
3. Differentiate between V. Tach and Suprventricular tachycardia
4. Explain emergency management of V. Tach and other arrhythmias.
5. Discuss intervention strategies for V. Tach and major arrhythmias.
6. Identify psychosocial responses to V. Tach.
7. Discuss teaching plan for patients with V. Tach., and ICDs/Pacemakers

Outline
-Clinical indicators of major arrhythmias
-Electroradiographic indicators of arrhythmias
-Electrographic changes of arrhythmias
-Criteria for differentiating V Tach form SVT
-Electrophysiological studies
-Medical management of V. Tach and major arrhythmias
Emergency intervention: nursing implications
Pharmacologic intervention: Nursing implications
Surgery: Nursing implications
Ablation: Nursing implications
ICDs/ Pacemaker: Nursing implications
-Psychological responses
-Discharge Planning and medication compliance

IX. Nursing management of patients with cardiogenic shock

& Nursing management of patients with Cardiomyopathy
Wk
8 Objectives
1. Discuss factors that contribute to cardiogenic shock.
2. Describe predictors and pathophysiological mechanism of LVF and cardiogenic shock.
3. Describe the process of hemodynamic for patients with LVF and cardiogenic shock.
4. Identify subjective and objective and subjective indicators of cardiogenic shock
5. Identify physiological and psychological responses to cardiogenic shock
6. Discuss and pharmacological and nursing interventions in the early stage of
cardiogenic shock
 7. Discuss nursing responsibilities related to IABP as non-pharmacological intervention
for the management of cardiogenic shock.

Outline
-Definition of all types of shock
Predictors of shock
Factors contribute to cardiogenic shock
LVF
Dysrhythmias
Hypovolemia
-Pathophysiology of shock
LVF
Pulmonary edema
- Clinical indicators of cardiogenic shock
Subjective
Objective
Medical and nursing management
-General, early supportive measures
-Specific measures: revascularization
-IABP: Nursing implication
Wk
9
X. Nursing management: Cardiac electrical therapy

Objectives
1. Define cardiac electrical abnormalities that require electrical therapy
2. Develop understanding of basic life support principles
3. Identify special cases that need modifications in the resuscitation technique.
4. Discuss nursing management principle for patients receiving electrical therapy:
defibrillation, cardioversion, pacing.
5. Develop understanding of advanced cardiac life support algorithms.
6. Discuss approaches of venous access for drug delivery during resuscitation
7. Design a nursing care plan for patients with pacemakers including patients' education.

Outline
-Clinical parameters of fatal electrical abnormalities: Cardiac arrest, V. Fib, Heart block
-Basic life support principles and techniques
-ACLS; defibrillation and cardioversion: Mechanisms, Types, Nursing implications
-ACLS: Algorithms
Cases that induce modification in resuscitation: hypothermia, drowning, and
electrocution....
-Approaches of venous access: I.V. access, Peripheral veins, Central vein access
Complications
-Pacing: Modes, Complications, Nursing implications

Wk XI. Nursing management of patients with Acute respiratory disorders &

10 pulmonary embolism & ARDS
&
11 Objectives
1. Advanced anatomy & physiology of the respiratory system
2. Develop understanding of the cardiopulmonary gas transport system
3. Acid-Base physiology & pathophysiology
4. Nursing management of patient with respiratory dysfunction: pulmonary embolism,
pleural effusion, and pneumothorax

Outline
-The cardiopulmonary unit as a gas transport system
Mechanism of pulmonary ventilation
Pulmonary volumes and capacities
Alveolar ventilation
-Ventilation/perfusion relationships
- Ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio
-Alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (A-a Gradient)
-Transport of oxygen (Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation curve)
-ABG, read and interpret.
-Nursing management of patient with respiratory dysfunction:
pulmonary embolism,
pleural effusion, and pneumothorax

XII. Nursing management of patients with Acute Respiratory Failure/Respiratory

Distress Syndrome

Objectives
1. Define acute respiratory failure
2. Define respiratory distress syndrome
3. Relate pathophysiological mechanisms to major clinical indicators of RDS
4. Develop a nursing care plan for Individual with RDS including pharmacological and
non-pharmacological interventions strategies
5. Compare and contrast conventional and new approaches of mechanical ventilation for
patients with RDS.

Outline
-ARF/RDS: Definitions and risk factors
-RDS, Pathophysiology, clinical parameters, and prognoses
-Nursing management
Ventilatory support, conventional and new approaches
Pharmacological management
Non-pharmacological management:
- Respiratory management
-Hemodynamic monitoring
-Fluid management
-Proper positioning
-Endotracheal suctioning
-Nutritional support
-Psychosocial needs