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XPTA@G@I LT\ CUAT

BJ@IZBEBCOXB GNJ@A

INGN\ X@\B \OIKCO

INGN\ X@\B G@XBI

Ingnr
Ingnr s`r
s`rbb roik
roikco
co jbh
jbh`to
`toc
c pojo
pojo sbsb cbr
cbrbb jorb
jorb sto
stoik
ik c`g
c`gujb
ujb.. Ingnr s`rb g`sbi jbh`toc
Ingnr jbh`toc pojo sbsb cbrb lowom
lowom jor
jorbb loc
g`sbi.

INGN\ BJ@IZBEBCOXB CO\LP\OZN\

IN GN \ BJ@IZBEBCOXB
ZM\NZZA@ LNJR

Ingnr bj`itb﬏cosb corlurotnr jbh`toc pojo sbsb coioi lojoi Ingnr bj`itb﬏cosb tmrntta` lnjy (rugom ca`p p`ikmoglot)
corlurotnr. jbh`toc pojo sbsb j`poi jorb tmrntta` lnjy.

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XPTA@G@I LT\ CUAT

XT@XBEBCOXB
PGPG
XT@XBEBCOXB

JBG@IXB Toifoik ?==2 gg


(Zbp` Corlurotnr) A`lor    ;4< gg

Zbikkb
Foroc suglu rnjo ?4;:
?<:< gg
gg
Zbikkb soj`a ;55 gg
Zbikkb pbfocoi cocb <=? gg
Foroc t`r`ijom c` toiom ?85 gg
L`rot cnsnik Xupro-] ?<0 J ?4< ck
  Xupro-] ?<0 JJ ?4< ck
  Xupro-] ?<0 EB   ?45 ck
 

\OIKCO Zbp` Zbp` tuaoik l`aocoik


Xusp`isb j`poi Korpu t`a`scnpbc
Foroc p`rk`rocoi pnrns rnjo j`poi =? gg
Xusp`isb l`aocoik A`ikoi oyui
Foroc p`rk`rocoi pnrns rnjo l`aocoik =: gg
Jogp`r l`aocoik Zbp` toluik "ni` sbj`"
Pcuroi loi j`poi ;4/24 - ?;G/H 8=T

Pcuroi loi l`aocoik


\`g j`poi =4/24 - ?;G/H ::T
Hocrog mbjrouabc
\`g l`aocoik Xupro-] ?<0 J Zrngna
  Xupro-] ?<0 JJ/EB Hocrog mbjrouabc
Xujut host`r <5´ 84'
Toifoik troba ;8 gg
Coposbtos toicb lomoi locor  8,; abt`r

G@XBI Jbog`t`r joi aoikcom 0<,: x 0;,2 gg


Unaug` aoikcom ?<:,= hg8 
T`rloijbikoi cngpr`sb 2,4 6 ?
Ca`p < ca`p, \oitob p`ikk`roc tuikkoa XNMH
Ca`p gosuc
luco Zbp` Corlurotnr  <´ s`l`aug ZGO
  Zbp` TKG-EB   0´ s`l`aug ZGO
tutup Zbp` Corlurotnr  <0´ s`sujom ZGL

 Ca`p c`auor Zbp` TKG-EB <<´ s`sujom ZGL


luco Zbp` Corlurotnr  8:´ s`l`aug ZGL
  Zbp` TKG-EB 8;´ s`l`aug ZGL
tutup Zbp` Corlurotnr    4´ s`sujom ZGO
  Zbp` TKG-EB   8´ s`sujom ZGO
Xbst`g p`augosoi Losom joi l`rt`coioi
Zbp` pngpo nab Zrnhmnbj
Xbst`g p`ijbikbi T`ijbikbioi ujoro
Xorbikoi ujoro Ebat`r c`rtos
Zbp` pnrns `ikcna Zbp` Oss`gl`a
L`rot cnsnik g`sbi Zbp` Corlurotnr  <:,8 ck
  Zbp` TKG-EB <:,< ck
Xusuioi sbabij`r  Xotu sbabij`r =4´ jorb v`rtbcoa

Zbp` Zbp` corlurotnr Zbp` Tbstni Uoav`


CO\LP\OZN\ TKG-EB (Trnkrogg`j Eu`a Bif`htbni)
Zbp` TKG-EB
Jbog`t`r v`iturb Zbp` corlurotnr  ?= gg otou `cubvoa`i
  Zbp` TKG-EB <4 gg

< LT\ CUAT


 

XPTA@G@I LT\ CUAT

PGPG (Aoifutoi)
LOKBOI XT@XBEBCOXB

XBXZ@G Xbst`g cnpabik Losom, guatb-p`aot


T@IKK@\OC Xbst`g np`rosb cnpabik Zbp` s`itrbeukoa ntngotbs
Zroisgbsb Cnistoi g`sm, :-c`h`potoi
\`jucsb prbg`r  8,804 (5;/<4)
\`jucsb ﬏ioa <,044 (8:/?:)
\osbn kbkb C` ? <,044 (80/?:)
  C` < ?,004 (8?/<4)
  C` 8 ?,?04 (<8/<4)
  C` : 4,2<8 (<:/<5)
Tnao p`gbijomoi kbkb Xbst`g p`iknp`roi cocb cbrb
(Xbst`g rntory moiyo l`c`rfo fbco s`p`jogn-
tnr tbjoc l`rfoaoi)
I-?-<-8-: (I)

Xbst`g p`ikopboi Zbp` corlurotnr  HJB (Hnij`is`r Jbshmork`j Bkibtbni)


@A@CZ\BC   Zbp` TKG-EB T`ikopboi troisbstnr jbkbtoa p`ium
Xbst`g stort`r Cbhcstort`r joi gntnr stot`r abstrbc
Xbst`g p`ikbsboi Xotu eoso c`auor pojo oat`riotnr 
\`kuaotnr/r`htb﬏`r  XH\ p`ij`c/sotu eoso, ?/< k`angloik
Xbst`g aogpu  Oat`riotnr 

Pibt6 gg (bi)
XBXZ@G T@APGOXOI
LOKBOI XZOIJO\J LOZOX X@\UBX

Xoot s`rvbs 4,; abt`r  ‚


Coposbtos nab g`sbi
Xoot p`glnikcoroi 4,2 abt`r  ‚
E`j`roa Nba Xup`rbnr Enrguaotbni
Nab g`sbi yoik jbr`cng`ijosb
otou nab g`sbi : toc s`f`ibs j`ikoi ‚
caosb﬏cosb OTB s`rvbh` X@, XE otou XK
Ubscnsbtos 6 XO@ <4[-04
C`r`ikkoikoi ufuik 4,?0 4,<4
\ntnr pngpo nab
C`r`ikkoikoi lnjb 4,?0 ‘ 4,<? 4,<5  

C`r`ikkoikoi sbsb 4,48 ‘ 4,42 4,?0

XBXZ@G LOMOI LOCO\ (Zbp` Corlurotnr)


Corlurotnr)
LOKBOI XT@XBEBCOXB

Ingnr bj`itb﬏cosb corlurotnr  OTLE8E


Gobi f`t #;0O
Xanw f`t #80
T`glucooi s`crup pbant ? - ;/= putoroi c`auor 
Zbikkb p`aogpuik ??,; gg (4,:5 bi)
Tutoroi stosbni`r  ?.:44 ¿ ?44 rpg
TOB\
TOB\ hnitrna voav` sp`hb﬏`j vohuug 55,; cTo (044 ggMk)

Foroc gobi l`los kos toikoi < ‘ 5 gg

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XPTA@G@I LT\ CUAT

XBXZ@G LOMOI LOCO\ (Zbp` TKG-EB)


TKG-EB)
LOKBOI XT@XBEBCOXB

Ingnr bj`itb﬏cosb tmrntta` lnjy K_\;O


Tutoroi stosbni`r  ?.:44 ¿ ?44 rpg
Foroc gobi l`los p`koikoi kos toikoi < ‘ 5 gg
Zomoioi s`isnr @NZ <0´H <,0 - <,= cNmg
(@ikbi` Nba Z`gp`rotur`) ?44´H 4,<? - 4,<< cNmg
Zbikkb p`aogpuik 2 - ?< Nmg
Tutoroi stosbni`r  <2: cTo (8,4 cke/hg<, :8 psb)
Foroc gobi l`los kos toikoi gbibgug ?8,2 hg8/?4 j`tbc

Pibt6 gg
XBABIJ@\/CA@T  
C@TOAO XBABIJ@\/CA@T
LOKBOI XZOIJO\J LOZOX X@\UBX

Cngpr`sb sbabij`r Zbp` Corlurotnr  ?,<50 cTo pojo 544gbi-? (rpg) ‚


 
Zbp` TKG-EB ?,<;0 cTo pojo 544gbi-? (rpg) ‚
T`rulomoi l`ituc c`poao sbabij`r  ‚   4,40

Ca`p, C`r`ikkoikoi ca`p BI 4,40 ¿ 4,4<
lns ca`p @] 4,40 ¿ 4,4< ‚
BI :,2;0 ‘ :,224   :,250
J. A. lns ca`p
@] :,200 ‘ :,2;4   :,2:0
BI 0,444 ‘ 0,4?<   0,48
J.J. lns ca`p
@] 0,444 ‘ 0,4?<   0,48
BI 4,4?4 ‘ 4,48;   4,450
C`anikkoroi lns ca`p
@] 4,484 ‘ 4,40;   4,4=0
A`lor jujucoi ca`p BI/@] ?,4 (4,4:)   ?,5
Toifoik l`los p`kos BI/@] 8;,5< (?,:=?) 80,=
J.J. p`aotuc
T`aotuc/pnrns
BI/@] ?4,444 ‘ ?4,4?0   ?4,?4
J.A. pnrns p`aotuc BI/@] 2,2;< ‘ 2,2=; 2,2?
BI 8<,<;= ‘ 8<,0?= 8?,2:
Luluikoi Zbikkb tnifnaoi luluikoi @] 8<,?<? ‘ 8<,85? 8?,;2

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XPTA@G@I LT\ CUAT

Pibt6 gg (bi)
XBABIJ@\/TBXZNI
LOKBOI XZOIJO\J LOZOX X@\UBX

Jbog`t`r Joaog 0<,:40 ‘ 0<,:?0   0<,::0


Xbabij`r 
C`anifnikoi ‚ 4,?4
C`tbrusoi ‚ 4,?4
T`rulomoi l`ituc ‚ 4,40
 Orom toijo pbstni Zoijo ‑BI‗ g`ikmojop c` sbsb gosuc
Tbstni, ‚
hbihbi pbstni Jbog`t`r Auor pbstni 0<,805 ‘ 0<,8;5   0<,84
J. J. tbtbc ucur pbstni ?4 gg jorb lokboi lowom ‚
J. J. auloik pbi pbstni ?8,44< ‘ ?8,44=   ?8,48
Jbog`t`r auor pbi pbstni ?<,22: ‘ ?8,444 ?<,2=
Foroc r`ikkoik pbstni c` pbi pbstni 4,44< ‘ 4,4?: 4,4;0
H`aom oitoro hbihbi  Otos 4,4?0 ‘ 4,404 4,42
pbstni joi oauriyo C`juo 4,4?0 ‘ 4,404   4,42
 Otos 4,?4 ‘ 4,<0 4,0
H`aom pojo ufuik
C`juo 4,?4 ‘ 4,<0 4,0
hbihbi pbstni
Nab (r`a sbsb) 4,<4 ‘ 4,;4 ?,?
C`r`ikkoikoi sbabij`r-c`-pbstni 4,4<2 ‘ 4,402 4,?0

Jbog`t`r Joaog pbi pbstni ?8,4?5 ‘ ?8,48:   ?8,40


C`r`ikkoikoi pbi pbstni c` pbstni 4,4?5 ‘ 4,4:4 4,4;

Pibt6 gg
CNTABIK/XOGLPIKOI KBKB
LOKBOI XZOIJO\J LOZOX X@\UBX
C`t`loaoi p`aot <,0 ‘ <,;   <,<
Cnpabik
Goiuoa C`ousoi p`aot ‚   4,<4
Foroc l`los p`kos cnpabik <;,:   <5,=
J.A. nut`r kubj` hauthm <<,202 ‘ <<,2=4   <<,2:4
J.J. nut`r hauthm <8,444 ‘ <8,4<?   <8,4;
J. J. jrug cnpabik ?4:,4 ‘ ?4:,< ?4:,8
C`t`loaoi abibik p`gl`rot cnpabik ?,:;0 ‘ ?,0<0   ?,4
Tbstni, J. J. jrug cnpabik sotu orom :<,444 ‘ :<,4<4 :<,4:
hbihbi pbstni
J. A. rnaa`r cnpabik sotu orom :,224 ‘ 0,444 :,2;
J. J kbkb p`ikk`roc prbg`r  <?,484 ‘ <?,40= <?,??
J. A. pbstni pojo kbkb p`ikk`roc prbg`r  <4,25; ‘ <4,2=4 <4,2<

C`r`ikkoikoi pbi pbstni c` pbstni 8,80 (4.?8<)   <,0

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XPTA@G@I LT\ CUAT

Pibt6 gg
TN\NX @IKCNA/Z\OIXGBXB/ T@JOA XZO\Z@\
LOKBOI   XZOIJO\J LOZOX X@\UBX

C`t`loaoi p`aot   4,?4 ‘ 4,80 4,54


Tnrns C`ousoi p`aot 4 ‘ 4,44=   4,40
`ikcna
Foroc l`los p`kos cnpabik ‚ 4,?4

Zroisgbsb J. J. kbkb G<,8 ?;,444 ‘ ?;,4?= ?;,4:


H? ?=,444 ‘ ?=,4?= ?=,4:
H: <4,444 ‘ <4,4<? <4,4:4
J. A. lns H? ?;,255 ‘ ?;,2=: ?;,2:
J. J. lns H? ?0,444 ‘ ?0,4?= ?0,4:
Foroc r`ikkoik kbkb c` lns H? 4,4?5 ‘ 4,40<   4,?
J. A. pnrns utogo G<,8 ?5,255 ‘ ?5,2=: ?5,20
J. A. pnrns p`gloabc H? ?:,255 ‘ ?:,2=: ?:,20
Foroc r`ikkoik pnrns c` kbkb G<,8 4,4?5 ‘ 4,40<   4,42
Foroc r`ikkoik pnrns c` lns H? 4,4?5 ‘ 4,40<   4,42
J. J. korpu p`gbijom ?4,444 ‘ ?4,4?= ?4,4;
Korpu/jrug
C`t`loaoi korpu p`gbijom :,28 ‘ 0,44   :,24
p`gbijom
J. A. pnrns kbkb p`gbijom 2,2=5 ‘ 2,220   2,28
Cbrb <8,202 ‘ <8,2=4 <8,2:
J. A. jrug p`gbijom
Coioi <;,202 ‘ <;,2=4 <;,2:
Cbrb <:,444 ‘ <:,488 <:,4;
J. J. furioa jrug p`gbijom
Coioi <=,444 ‘ <=,4<? <=,4=
J. J. pbibni <4,444 ‘ <4,4<? <4,4=
T`joa Xtort`r  ?2,202 ‘ ?2,2=4
J. A. pnrns ?2,2:

Pibt6 gg
\@G/T@IK@IJOABOI 
\NJO J@TOI/XPXT@IXB \@G/T@IK@IJOABOI 
LOKBOI XZOIJO\J LOZOX X@\UBX

C`joaogoi oaur loi gbibgug ‚ Xogpob bijbcotnr 


T`ik`ijoro <44 cTo (<.44 cke/hg<, <= psb) ‚
Z`coioi loi jbikbi T`ik`ijoro & p`iugpoik <44 cTo (<.44 cke/hg<, <= psb)
C`na`ikoi pnrns ‚ ‚
4,<4
\ojboa ‚ <,4
C`na`ikoi p`a`c rnjo
 Ocsboa ‚ <,4
Foroc p`a`c c` mul rnjo (tbp` forb-forb) ?5 + ? ‚
Toifoik l`los p`kos 8<=,8 8?4

Korpu  Orom p`kos J`ikoi ufuik tbrus g`ikmojop lowom ‚


C`na`ikoi toluik ‚ 4,<4
Hobroi korpu Hobroi korpu ‚
C`tbikkboi hobroi ;5,4 ‚
Coposbtos hobroi ;?,0 + ? hg8 ‚

5 LT\ CUAT
 

XPTA@G@I LT\ CUAT

Pibt6 gg
\NJO L@AOCOIK/\@G/XPXT@IXB  
L@AOCOIK/\@G/XPXT@IXB
LOKBOI XZOIJO\J LOZOX X@\UBX

C`joaogoi oaur loi gbibgug ‚ Xogpob bijbcotnr 


T`ik`ijoro <<0 cTo (<.<0 cke/hg<, 88psb) ‚
Z`coioi loi jbikbi
T`ik`ijoro & p`iugpoik cTo (<.<0 cke/hg<, 88psb)
<<0 cTo ‚
C`na`ikoi pnrns ‚ 4,<4
\ojboa <,4
C`na`ikoi p`a`c rnjo ‚
 Ocsboa ‚ <,4
Foroc p`a`c c` mul rnjo 5,4 + ? ‚
Pcuroi/sogluikoi :<4 ‘ ?4: ‚
\oitob p`ikk`roc
C`r`ikkoikoi 84 ‘ :4 ‚
\`g J. J. jrug r`g ??4,4 -??4.< ???,4
Toifoik l`los p`kos <4 ‘ 84 ‚

Pibt6 gg
MBJ\NABC  (ZBT@ JBXC L\OC@)
\@G MBJ\NABC 
LOKBOI XZOIJO\J LOZOX X@\UBX
Xp`sb﬏cosb hobroi r`g JNZ 8 otou JNZ :
Bijbcotnr c`osusoi coivos r`g ‚ ‚
Xogpob c` oaur 
C`t`loaoi hocrog r`g 8,= - :,< 8,0

J`poi C`na`ikoi hocrog r`g ‚ 4,84


J. J. gost`r sbabij`r  ?<,;44 ‘ ?<,;:8 ?<,;00
J. A. gost`r pbstni ?<,50; ‘ ?<,5=: ?<,5:0
J. J. sbabij`r coabp`r  <0,:44 ‘ <0,:04 <0,:54
J. A. pbstni coabp`r  <0,8?= ‘ <0,85= <0,8?
Xp`sb﬏cosb hobroi r`g JNZ 8 otou JNZ : ‚
Bijbcotnr c`osusoi coivos r`g ‚ Xogpob c` oaur 
C`t`loaoi hocrog r`g 8,= - :,< 8,0
C`na`ikoi hocrog r`g ‚ 4,?4
L`aocoik
J. J. gost`r sbabij`r  ?<,;44 ‘ ?<,;:8 ?<,;00
J. A. gost`r pbstni ?<,50; ‘ ?<,5=: ?<,5:0
J. J. sbabij`r coabp`r  8<,484 ‘ 8<,4=4 8<,424
J. A. pbstni coabp`r  8?,2:= ‘ 8?,22= 8?,2:

LT\ CUAT
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XPTA@G@I LT\ CUAT

LOZ@\OB/XBXZ@G T@IKBXBOI
LOKBOI XT@XBEBCOXB
Coposbtos  ?< U ‘ 8,0 Om
Lot`rob
C`lnhnroi orus 4,? gO gox

Unatos` T`ikbsboi p`ium ?8,4 ‘ ?8,< U

T`rau p`ikbsboi Jblowom ?<,8 U


 Orus p`ikbsboi Inrgoa 4,: O/0 ‘ ?4 m
H`pot 8,4 O/4,0 m
Coposbtos Zbp` Corlurotnr  4,?84 cw/0444 gbi-? 
  Zbp` TKG-EB 4,?04 cw/0444 gbi-? 
 Oat`riotnr  Zomoioi hnba p`ikbsboi 4,< ‘ ?,4℥

XBXZ@G XZO\Z@\
LOKBOI XT@XBEBCOXB

Lusb   IKC J@IXN


Xtoijor    HT\5@O-2 P<4@T\2
Nptbnioa
  HT\;@O-2 P<<@T\2
H`aom lusb  4,= ‘ 4,2 gg
Unatos` puihoc hnba p`ikopboi ?44 U gbibgug
Unatos` puihoc k`i`rotnr puaso p`ikopboi 4,; U gbibgug
[octu p`ikopboi ?0´ X`l`aug ZGO pojo putoroi stosbni`r 

Pibt6 gg (bi)
XZO\Z@\ ABXZ\BC
LOKBOI XZOIJO\J LOZOX X@\UBX

Toifoik sbcot gntnr stort`r  ?4,4 ‘ ?4,40 (4.82 - 4.:4) 8.0 (4.?:)

AOGTP/G@Z@\/XOCAO\
LOKBOI XT@XBEBCOXB

Aogpu j`poi(Mb/anw l`og)   ?< U ‘ ?=/?= [ x <


Aogpu pnsbsb ?< U ‘ 8,: [
\`g/aogpu l`aocoik   ?< U ‘ ?=/0 [
Aogpu s`bi j`poi   ?< U ‘ ?4 [ x <
Lnmaog Aogpu s`bi l`aocoik   ?< U ‘ ?4 [ x <
Aogpu g`t`r  A@J
Bijbcotnr s`bi A@J x <
Bijbcotnr aogpu jbg A@J
Bijbcotnr pnsbsb kbkb A@J x :
Bijbcotnr pnsbsb kbkb A@J
TKG-EB goaeuihtbni bijbhotnr (Zbp` TKG-EB) A@J
X`crbik Ptogo ?0 O
Xul ?4 O

= LT\ CUAT
 

XPTA@G@I LT\ CUAT

ZN\_P@ UOAP@X

ZN\_P@ ZN\_P@
EOXZ@I@\ ZRT@ EOXZ@I@\ ZRT@ I»g (cke»g, ale»et)
I»g (cke»g, ale»et)

Lout joi gur m`x 0 gg   0 (4.0, 8.5) X`crup 0 gg   : (4.:, <.2)


Lout joi gur m`x 5 gg   ?4 (?.4, ;) X`crup 5 gg   2 (4.2, 5.0)
Lout joi gur m`x = gg   << (<.<, ?5) Lout ﬌`is 5 gg ( c`poao = gg)   2 (4.2, 5.0)
Lout joi gur m`x ?4 gg   8: (8.0 , <0) Lout ﬌`is 5 gg (c`poao ?4 gg ) joi gur    ?< (?.<, 2)
Lout joi gur m`x ?< gg   0: (0.0, :4) Lout ﬌`is = gg joi gur    <5 (<.;, <4)
Lout ﬌`is ?4 gg joi gur    82 (:.4, <2)

• Xp`sb﬏cosb tnrsb yoik t`rjoetor jb lowom ojoaom uituc p`ik`ihoik p`itbik.


• T`ik`ihoik aobi morus jbc`ihoikcoi j`ikoi ibaob tnrsb stoijorj yoik t`rjoetor jb otos.

HOZOZOI
HOZOZOI 6 ?. Na`sb hobroi p`ikuih
p`ikuihbb pojo uabr.
  <. Na`sb nab c`pojo uabr joi p`rgucooi jujuc.
  8. Gur-P
  :. Lout OANHC 6 koitb j`ikoi lout loru.

G@XBI
JBOG@Z@\ ZN\XB
BZ@G FPGAOM
PAB\ (gg) I»g (cke»g, ale»et)

T@\O[OZOI 6
Nba jrobi lnat ? ?< <: (<.:, ?;)
Hroicsmoet mna` hop ? 84  = (4.=, 0.=)
Zbgbik mna` hop ? ?:  5 (4.5, :.8)
Uoav` ojfust`r anhc iut < 0  2 (4.2, 5.0)
Nba h`itrbeukoa ﬏at`r hnv`r lnat : 0  0 (4.0, 8.5)
Hauthm ojfust`r anhc iut ? = ?< (?.<, 2)
Lusb ? ?4 ?5 (?.5, ?<)
XBXZ@G T@APGOXOI 6
Nba pugp hnv`r lnat < 0  0 (4.0, 8.5)
XBXZ@G LOMOI LOCO\ (Trnkrogg`j Eu`a Bif`htbni) 6
@NZ (@ikbi` Nba Z`gp`rotur`) s`isnr  ? ?4 ?= (?.=, ?8)
Bitoc` goibenaj gnuitbik lnat < 5 ?< (?.<, 2)
T@IP\PIOI / T@GOXOIKOI G@XBI 6
Jrbv` sprnhc`t ﬏xbik paot` lnat < 5 ?< (?.<, 2)

HRABIJ@\ M@OJ/UOA
M@O J/UOAU@XU@X 6 = <: (<.:, ?;)
Hyabij`r m`oj hop iut :
Hog sprnhc`t hnv`r lnat ? 5 ?4 (?.4, ;)
Hog sprnhc`t lnat < 0  2 (4.2, 5.0)
Hog hmobi t`isbni`r abet`r pauk ? 5  : (4.:, <.2)
Tauik`r s`t lnat ? 5 ?4 (?.4, ;)
HAPZHM/K@O\XMBEZ ABICOK@6
Xmbet jrug stnpp`r org lnat ? 5 ?< (?.<, 2)
Xmbet r`turi sprbik pbi ? = 84 (8.?, <<)
K`or smbet hog paot` snhc`t lnat ? 5 ?4 (?.4, ;)
H`itrbeukoa hauthm anhc iut ? ?: 5: (5.0, :;)
Hauthm abet`r paot` ﬌oik` lnat 8 5 ?< (?.<, 2)
Goiuoa hauthm h`it`r anhc iut ? ?: 5: (5.0, :;)
OAZ@\IOZN\/XZO\Z@\ HAPZHM6
Eaywm``a ﬌oik` iut ? ?< 5: (5.0, :;)
Xtort`r hauthm nut`r gnuitbik snhc`t lnat 5 5 ?5 (?.5, ?<)
Xtotnr gnuitbik lnat < 5 ?4 (?.4, ;)
Bkibtbni puas` k`i`rotnr gnuitbik lnat < 5 ?4 (?.4, ;)

LT\ CUAT
2
 

XPTA@G@I LT\ CUAT

Bitoc` goibenaj loij (ca`p) 6


; ¿ ? gg
(4.8 ¿ 4.4: bi)

BIZOC@ GOIBENAJ
BIZOC@ GOIBENAJ LOIJ LOIJ

Hyabij`r m`oj stuj lnat 6

<;.0 ¿ ? gg (?.4= ¿ 4.4: bi)

Hyabij`r stuj lnat 6



 = 
   ) < 
  i
   b ¿ 
   : ? 
   4
 . g
   4 g
   ¿
 
 (  
   <
 . ; 
   ;
.< 
   ( 
¿ 
  g
  g  4 
.
 4 
   ? : 
   ¿ b  
i
   <  )  
   =
   ?

?4 LT\ CUAT
 

XPTA@G@I LT\ CUAT

\OIKCO
JBOG@Z@\ ZN\XB
LOKBOI FPGAOM PAB\ (gg) I»g (cke»g, ale»et)

\OIKCO/TOI@A LNJR/XBXZ@G KOX LPOIK 6


  @xmoust pbp` fnbit hop iut < = <; (<.=, <4)

T@\O[OZOI 6
  Jrbv` hmobi hos` gnuitbik lnat < 5 ?4 (?.4, ;)
  Hmobi sabj`r gnuitbik lnat ? 5 ?4 (?,4, ;)

XBXZ@G LOMOI LOCO\ (Trnkrogg`j Eu`a Bif`htbni)6


  Eu`a e``j pbp` gnuitbik lnat < 0  0.? (4.0, 8.=)
  X`isnr uibt tnrx shr`w 8 0  8.: (4.8, <.0)
  Zmrntta` hola` lrohc`t shr`w ? 0  8.: (4.8, <.0)
  Loic oika` s`isnr gnuitbik shr`w < :  ?.< (4.?, 4.2)
  Eu`a pugp gnuitbik iut 0 5 ?< (?.<, 2)
(abmot urutoi p`ik`ihoikoi jb lowom)

T@GOXOIKOI G@XBI 6
@ikbi` moik`r ernit lnat/iut ? ?4 02 (5.4, :8)
@ikbi` moik`r r`or upp`r lnat/iut ? ?4 02 (5.4, :8)
@ikbi` moik`r r`or anw`r lnat/iut ? ?4 02 (5.4, :8)

\NJO J@TOI/\@G/XPXT@IXB/C@GPJB 6
Xt``rbik st`g iut ? <5 Abmot Moa. ?<-<2
Xt``rbik st`g tnp tmr`oj ? <5 Abmot Moa. ?<-<=
Lnttng lrbjk` pbihm ﬌oik` lnat : ?4 5: (5.0, :;)
Moija`lor mnaj`r iut ? ?4 02 (5.4, ::)
Moija`lor gnuitbik lnat 8 = <0 (<.0, ?=)
Moija`lor w`bkmt gnuitbik shr`w < 5   2 (4,2, 5,5 )
Ernit oxa` iut ? ?< 02 (5.4, ::)
Ernit lroc` jbsc lnat : = :< (:.8, 8?)
Ernit spnc` 85 LH <.2 <.0 (4.8, ?.=)
Enrc snhc`t lnat < = <4 (<.4, ?:)

LT\ CUAT
??
 

XPTA@G@I LT\ CUAT

  \OIKCO
JBOG@Z@\ ZN\XB
LOKBOI FPGAOM PAB\ (gg) I»g (cke»g, ale»et)

\NJO L@AOCOIK/\@G/XPXT@IXB 6
\`or oxa` iut ? ?< 02 (5.4, ::)
\`or spnc` (tbp` forb-forb) 85 LH 8.< 8.; (4.:, <.;)
Jrbv`i sprnhc`t iut : = 8< (8.8, <:)
Jrbv`i sprnhc`t stuj lnat : = <4 (<.4, ?:)
\`or lroc` jbsh lnat (tbp` r`g l`aocoik hocrog) : = :< (:.8, 8?)
\`or lroc` org lnat/iut (tbp` r`g l`aocoik trngna) ? 5 ?4 (?.4, ;)
Lroc` stnpp`r org iut (tbp` r`g l`aocoik trngna) < = << ( <.<,?5)
Xmnhc olsnrl`r upp`r gnuitbik lnat < ?4 <: (<.:, ?;)
Xmnhc olsnrl`r anw`r gnuitbik hop iut < ?4 <: (<.:, ?;)
Xwbikorg pbvnt iut ? ?4 82 (:.4, <2)

\@G MBJ\OPABC (ZBT@ \@G JBXC) 6


Ernit hoabp`r la``j voav` ? = 0.: (4.5, :.4)
\`or hoabp`r la``j voav` ? = 0.: (4.5, :.4)
Ernit hoabp`r poj pbi < ?4 ?; (?.;, ?<)
\`or hoabp`r poj pbi ? ?4 ?; (?.;, ?<)
Toj pbi pauk < ?4 <.: (4.<, ?.=)
Ernit hoabp`r lrohc`t gnuitbik lnat < = 84 (8.?, <<)
Ernit Lroc` mns` nba lnat < ?4 8: (8.0, <0)
\`or Lroc` mns` nba lnat < ?4 8: (8.0, <0)
Ernit lroc` mns` haogp`r lant ? 5 ?< (?.<, 2)
\`or lroc` mns` haogp`r lant < 5 ?< (?.<, 2)
Ernit gost`r hyabij`r r`s`rvnbr hnv`r shr`w < : ?.0 (4.<, ?.?)
\`or gost`r hyabij`r r`s`rvnbr hnv`r shr`w < : ?.0 (4.<, ?.?)
Ernit lroc` abkmt swbthm shr`w ? : ?.< (4.?, 4.2)
Lroc` a`v`r pbvnt lnat ? 5 ? (4.?, 4.;)
Lroc` a`v`r pbvnt iut ? 5 0.2 (4.5, :.:)
Ernit hoabp`r pbi iut ? = << (<.<, ?5)
\`or hoabp`r pbi iut ? = << (<.<, ?5)
Ernit hoabp`r pbi lnat ? = ?; (?.;, ?8)
\`or hoabp`r pbi lnat ? = ?; (?.;, ?8)
\`or gost`r hyabij`r rnj fnbit anhc iut ? = ?; (?.;, ?8)
\`or gost`r hyabij`r fnbit pbp` shr`w ? : ?.0 (4.<, ?.?)

AOBI-AOBI6
Xbj` stoij pbvnt lnat ? ?4 ?= (?.=, ?8)
Xbj` stoij pbvnt lnat/iut ? ?4 :: (:.0, 88)
Gobi st`p lrohc`t lnat : = << (<.<, ?5)
M`ojabkmt ojfustbik lnat ? : 4.?< (4.4?, 4.?)
Moija`lor enrit hnv`r lnat ? 0 0.2 (4.5, :.:)

?< LT\ CUAT


 

XPTA@G@I LT\ CUAT

COL@A & \PZ@IRO


  ZBT@ \@G HOC\OG (JBXC L\OC@)

\@AOR AOGTP X@BI


CNI@CZN\ :T
AOGTP J@TOI COL@A XOCAO\ XZOIK
C@GPJB CB\B
COL@A XOCAO\ XZOIK CNI@CZN\ ?5T
C@GPJB COIOI XT@@JNG@Z@\

XOCAO\ AOGTP
\@G L@AOCOIK
COL@A HPC
(Moiyo Zbp` Corlurotnr)
COL@A KOX

COL@A CAOCXNI

X@AOIK \@G J@TOI

LT\ CUAT
?8
 

XPTA@G@I LT\ CUAT

 ZBT@ CO\LP\OZN\

COL@A \@G J@TOI

COL@A CPIHB CNIZOC COL@A HPC

CNI@CZN\ 8T
AOGTP X@BI CB\B J@TOI

TBTO XOAP\OI PJO\O

TBTO XOAP\OI PJO\O


CO\LP\OZN\

COL@A XT@@JNG@Z@\

ZBT@ TKG-EB

COL@A \@G J@TOI

COL@A ZM\NZZA@
COL@A CPIHB CNIZOC

CNI@CZN\ 8T
AOGTP X@BI CB\B J@TOI

TBTO XOAP\OI PJO\O

COL@A XT@@JNG@Z@\

?: LT\ CUAT
 

XPTA@G@I LT\ CUAT

ZBT@ CO\LP\OZN\
CNI@CZN\ :T
AOGTP J@TOI
CNI@CZN\ ?5T
XT@@JNG@Z@\ \@AOB AOGTP X@BI
COL@A XOCAO\ XZOIK COL@A XOCAO\ XZOIK
C@GPJB CB\B C@GPJB COIOI

COL@A HPC COL@A ZM\NZZA@

CNI@CZN\ 8T AOGTP
X@BI COIOI J@TOI

XOAP\OI CO\LP\OZN\
CNI@CZN\ COL@A
XOCAO\ ZM\NZZA@

XOAP\OI PJO\O
COL@A PZOGO

ZBT@ TKG-EB CNI@CZN\ :T


AOGTP J@TOI
CNI@CZN\ ?5T \@AOB AOGTP X@BI
XT@@JNG@Z@\
COL@A XOCAO\ XZOIK COL@A XOCAO\ XZOIK
C@GPJB CB\B C@GPJB COIOI

COL@A ZM\NZZA@

CNI@CZN\ 8T AOGTP
X@BI COIOI J@TOI

XOAP\OI PJO\O
COL@A PZOGO

LT\ CUAT
?0
 

XPTA@G@I LT\ CUAT

 ZBT@ CO\LP\OZN\
COL@A ZM\NZZA@ CNI@CZN\ CAOCXNI

COL@A PZOGO

CNI@CZN\ 8T AOGTP
X@AOIK PJO\O X@BI COIOI J@TOI
CO\LP\OZN\

COL@A HPC
COL@A \@G J@TOI

COL@A XOCAO\ KOX

ZBT@ TKG-EB
CNI@CZN\ CAOCXNI

CNI@CZN\ 8T AOGTP
COL@A KOX X@BI COIOI J@TOI

COL@A PZOGO

XOAP\OI T@\IOTOXOI
H\OICHOH@ COL@A \@G J@TOI

?5 LT\ CUAT
 

XPTA@G@I LT\ CUAT

 ZBT@ CO\LP\OZN\
COL@A CNI@CZN\ 8T
LOZZ@\R
COL@A CNI@CZN\ <T
GNZN\ XZO\Z@\
COL@A LPXB

COL@A K\NPIJ
COL@A PZOGO

XOAP\OI LOMOI COL@A CNI@CZN\ 5T XOAP\OI EP@A OPZN


LOCO\ TNXBXB KBKB UOAU@ UOHPPG

 ZBT@ TKG-EB

COL@A LPXB
COL@A X@IXN\ PIBZ

COL@A BIF@CZN\
COL@A PZOGO

CNI@CZN\ 8T
LOIC OIKA@ X@IXN\

CNI@CZN\ 8T (MBZOG)
LOZZ@\R XPL-MO\I@XX

XOAP\OI LOMOI COL@A @NZ X@IXN\ CNI@CZN\ 8T (MBFOP)


LOCO\ XT@@J X@IXN\

LT\ CUAT
?;
 

XPTA@G@I LT\ CUAT

ZBT@ CO\LP\OZN\
X@AOIK
XOAP\OI PJO\O
  COL@A HPC
X@AOIK UOCPG COZPT
XOAP\OI LOMOI
NZNGOZBX LOMOI LOCO\
XOAP\OI T@\IOTOXOI LOCO\
H\OICHOX@

COL@A X@IXN\
C@H@TOZOI

CNI@CZN\ COL@A
:0N XOCAO\ KOX
XOAP\OI
COL@A XOCAO\
CO\LP\OZN\
TNXBXB KBKB
COL@A
 OAZ@\IO
 OAZ@\IOZN\
ZN\
\@IJOM

 ZBT@ TKG-EB

COL@A KOX
XOAP\OI COL@A X@IXN\
L@IXBI LOIC OIKA@

X@IXN\ @IKBI@ NBA


Z@GT@\OZP\@ (@NZ)
COL@A
XT@@J X@IXN\
XOAP\OI BIF@CXB
PJO\O

?= LT\ CUAT
 

XPTA@G@I LT\ CUAT

 ZBT@ CO\LP\OZN\
COL@A CNI@CZN\ 8T COL@A GNZN\
XPL-MO\I@XX LOZZ@\R (MBZOG) XZO\Z@\
COL@A LPXB
COL@A CNI@CZN\ <T
GNZN\ XZO\Z@\ (TPZBM)

COL@A XOCAO\ AOGTP


\@G L@AOCOIK

COL@A HPC

COL@A KOX

XOAP\OI T@\IOTOXOI
H\OICHOX@ XOAP\OI TOB\
HNIZ\NA UOAU@ UOHPPG
84+ 0 n

COL@A GNZN\ XZO\Z@\

 ZBT@ TKG-EB
XOAP\OI
T@\IOTOXOI H\OICHOX@
COL@A X@IXN\
COL@A BIF@CZN\
PIBZ
COL@A GNZN\ XZO\Z@\

COL@A HNBA T@IKOTBOI

COL@A LPXB
COL@A XOCAO\ AOGTP
\@G L@AOCOIK
XOAP\OI XO\BIKOI
COL@A K\NPIJ T@GLOKB PJO\O

LT\ CUAT
?2
 

XPTA@G@I LT\ CUAT

CNZOC X@C\BIK
- X@C@\BIK PZOGO
PZOGO (?0O)
- X@C@\BIK ZOGLOMOI (?4O)
\@AOR XZO\Z@\

CPZPL I@KOZBE (-)


LOZZ@\R CPZPL TNXBZBE (+)
LOZZ@\R
T`ikbcot

ZBT@ \@G L@AOCOIK HOC\OG (\@O\ JBXC L\OC@)

X@AOIK \@G L@AOCOIK


(\`s`rvnbr Zoic
Zoic c` Gost`r Hyabij`r)

X@AOIK \@G L@AOCOIK

(Gost`r Hyabij`r c` Hoabp`r)

<4 LT\ CUAT


 

XPTA@G@I LT\ CUAT

 ZBT@ CO\LP\OZN\

COL@A EP@A PIBZ

COL@A CNGLBIOXB
AOGTP L@AOCOIK

CNI@CZN\ 8T
EP@A PIBZ

 ZBT@ TKG-EB

COL@A K\NPIJ

COL@A CNGLBIOXB
AOGTP L@AOCOIK

COL@A GOBI MO\I@XX

LT\ CUAT
<?
 

XPTA@G@I LT\ CUAT

 ZBT@ \@G L@AOCOIK HOC\OG (\@O\ JBXC L\OC@)

COL@A EP@A PIBZ

X@AOIK \@G L@AOCOIK

 ZBT@ TKG-EB

X@AOIK L@IXBI

COL@A @IKBI@ HNIZ\NA


GNJPA@ (@HG )

<< LT\ CUAT


 

XPTA@G@I LT\ CUAT

 ZBT@ CO\LP\OZN\

COL@A EP@A PIBZ

X@AOIK LOMOI
LOCO\

 ZBT@ TKG-EB

COL@A EP@A PIBZ

X@AOIK LOMOI LOCO\

LT\ CUAT
<8
 

XPTA@G@I LT\ CUAT

COL@A AOGTP X@IFO


JOI AOGTP \@G L@AOCOIK

COL@A AOGTP X@BI


COIOI L@AOCOIK

COL@A AOGTP X@BI


CB\B L@AOCOIK

<:
LT\ CUAT

XPTA@G@I LT\ CUAT

GOBI TBT@ XBJ@ HNU@\


(ZPZPT XOGTBIK
XOGTB IK TBTO PZOGO)

T@A@TOXOI/T@GOXOIKOI

A`poscoi
- Ernit tnpl`rbcutiyo6
hnv`r
- H`it`r hnv`r
- Gobi pbp` upp`r hnv`r 

A`poscoi s`crup-s`crup joi hnaaor jorb gobi pbp` sbj`


hnv`r.

A`poscoi gobi pbp` sbj` hnv`r j`ikoi horo g`a`pos tol-tol


iyo (abjom p`ikobt) s`horo p`raomoi-aomoi. C`gujboi a`pos-
coi col`a cni`ctnr 8T aogpu s`bi j`poi

T`gosoikoi ojoaom joaog urutoi t`rloabc jorb p`a`posoi.

GOBI TBT@ XBJ@


PTT@\ HNU@\ (Cbrb) CNI@CZN\ 8T
AOGTP X@BI J@TOI

GOBI TBT@ XBJ@


PTT@\ HNU@\ (Coioi)

X@C\PT

X@C\PT
HNAAO\

<0
LT\ CUAT

XPTA@G@I LT\ CUAT

E\NIZ E@IJ@\
(XTOCLN\ J@TOI/T@IPZPT KO\TP J@TOI)  Oabki

T@A@TOXOI/T@GOXOIKOI
E\NIZ E@IJ@\ O

A`poscoi l`rbcutiyo6
E\NIZ E@IJ@\ O
- Gobi pbp` sbj` hnv`r.
hnv`r.
- Lout p`ikbcot paot c`jujucoi ernit tnp
tnp hnv`r 
- Lout-lout joi hnaaor E\NIZ ZNT
HNU@\ XZOR
Zorbc c` otos paot ernit tnp hnv`r 
A`poscoi ernit e`ij`r O.

T@\MOZBOI !
• Motb-motb foikoi sogpob g`rusoc p`ikobt joi auloik
cobtoiiyo.
• A`toccoi ernit
ernit e`ij`r
e`ij`r O jb t`gpot yoik ogoi jorb koikuoi
koikuoi
yoik jopot g`rusociyo. LNAZX/HNAAO\X

T`gosoikoi ojoaom joaog urutoi t`rloabc jorb p`a`posoi.


LOPZ
T@\MOZBOI ! HNAAO\X
LOPZ
E\NIZ L\OC@
• C`tbco g`gosoik ernit lroc` mns` haogp pojo ernit
MNX@ HAOGT
e`ij`r, postbcoi p`ikobt ernit lroc` mns` haogp sujom
l`ior jb pnsbsb auloik ernit e`ij`r O.

E\NIZ E@IJ@\ L

A`poscoi l`rbcutiyo6
- Ernit e`ij`r
e`ij`r O E\NIZ E@IJ@\ L
- Ernit wm``a
- Lout-lout joi hnaaor

A`poscoi ernit e`ij`r L j`ikoi g`ijnrnik c`lowom,


putoraom ernit enrc s`l`aom cbrb uituc g`gujomcoi p`a`pos-
oiiyo.

T`gosoikoi ojoaom joaog urutoi t`rloabc jorb p`a`posoi.

LNAZX/
HNAAO\X

E\NIZ EN\C
(jb putor)

<5
LT\ CUAT

XPTA@G@I LT\ CUAT

T@IR@Z@AOI OB\ XH\@[  OB\ XH\@[


XH\@[
(T@IR@Z@AOI X@C\PT PJO\O)
MOIRO
MOIRO PIZPC ZBT@
ZB T@ CO\LP\OZN\

BJA@ J\NT
(T\NX@JP\ T\NH@JP\@
T@IP\PIOI TPZO\OI XZOXBNI@\)

HOZOZOI6
• Obr shr`w t`aom jbs`t`a owoa jb polrbc joi tbjoc jbp`raucoi
 p`iy`t`aoi
 p`iy`t`ao i c`huoab opolbao corlurotn
corlurotnrr jblnikco
jblnikcorr otou obr
shr`w jbkoitb.
ZM\NZZA@ XZNT XH\@[
• Aocucoi p`iy`t`aoi joaog cnijbsb g`sbi sujom poios.
Foaoicoi s`p`jogntnr s`aogo ?4 g`ibt otou s`hucupiyo
c`gujboi aocucoi p`iy`t`aoi.
• Kuiocoi tohmng`t`r j`ikoi sotuoi scoao 04 gbi-? (rpg)
otou a`lbm c`hba yoik jopot g`gp`rabmotcoi j`ikoi ocurot
 p`rulomoi s`l`sor 04 gbi-? (rpg).

UOHPPG MNX@
?. Tutor obr shr`w (s`crup ujoro) s`orom forug fog, sogpob
jujuc j`ikoi rbikoi. C`gujboi putor c`gloab s`suob sp`-
UOHPPG TPGT
sb﬏cosb.
T@\MOZBOI6

Fbco obr shr`w jbc`ihoikcoi j`ikoi c`ros t`rmojop jujucoi-


iyo, jopot g`iy`lolcoi c`rusocoi pojo jujucoi obr shr`w.

  Bib ojoaom
ojoaom p`iy`t`aoi owoa s`l`aug p`iy`t`aoi ocmbr obr
shr`w. TAPK
T@GLPCOOI O[OA6
O[OA6 ?-0/= putoroi c`auor 

<. Toioscoi g`sbi sogpob sumu np`rosb inrgoa.


8. Gotbcoi g`sbi joi muluikcoi tohmng`t`r, s`suob j`ikoi
p`tuifuc polrbc p`gluotiyo.
:. A`poscoi s`aoik vohuug jorb TOB\ hnitrna voav`, c`gujboi
muluikcoi j`ikoi vohuug pugp. Zutup auloik mogpo ujoro
(vohuug pnrt) pojo bia`t pbp` (goibpna).

0. Z`ropcoi
Z`ropcoi ibaob t`coioi c` vocugoi pojo TO
TOB\
B\ hnitrna voav`
vohuug mns` a`lbm jorb 55,; cTo (044 ggMk)

5. Mbjupcoi g`sbi joi s`t`a putoroi stosbni`r j`ikoi tmrntta`


stnp shr`w (s`crup p`iomoi sc`p).
TPZO\OI XZOXBNI@\ X@G@IZO\O6
?.:44 ¿ ?44 gbi -? (rpg)

;. Tutor obr shr`w gosuc otou c`auor j`ikoi p`aoi uituc


g`ijopotcoi putoroi g`sbi t`rtbikkb.
=. J`ikoi rbikoi luco putoroi kos toikoi < otou 8 coab, c`gu-
jboi s`t`a putoroi stosbni`r j`ikoi tmrntta` stnp shr`w.

2. Tutor obr shr`w c`auor mbikko putoroi g`sbi g`iurui.

<;
LT\ CUAT

XPTA@G@I LT\ CUAT

?4. Tutor c`gloa obr shr`g s`orom forug fog uituc g`ijopot-
coi p`glucooi ocmbr jorb pnsbsb nptbgoa jb aoikcom 2.
T@GLPCOOI OCMB\6 ?-0/= putoroi c`auor.
UOHPPG MNX@
??. A`poscoi tutup jorb
jorb vohuug pnrt. C`gujboi a`poscoi
vohuug pugp joi muluikcoi s`aoik vohuug TOB\ UOHPPG TPGT
hnitrna voav` c` vohuug pnrt.
?<. X`t`a c`gloab putoroi stosbni`r j`ikoi tmrntta` stnp
shr`w (s`crup p`iomoi sc`p).
TPZO\OI XZOXBNI@\6
XZOXBNI@\6 ?.:44 ¿ ?44 gbi-? (rpg)

Tosoik c`gloab p`iutup s`l`aom cbrb gobi pbp`.


  TAPK

<=
LT\ CUAT

XPTA@G@I LT\ CUAT

ZBT@ CO\LP\OZN\

<2
LT\ CUAT

XPTA@G@I LT\ CUAT

ZBT@ TKG-EB

84

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