THE UNIVERSITY OF DODOMA
SCHOOL OF NURSING AND PUBLIC HEALTH
COURSE NAME: NURSING RESEARCH-I
COURSE CODE: NS 413
COURSE INSTRUCTOR: DR. SAADA
NATURE OF WORK: GROUP ASSIGNMENT.
S/N STUDENT NAME
1 MOLEL S. BALOZI
2 MARIAM B. SHOO
3 HEKIMA K EDSON
4 EMMANUEL AMMA
5 AWAMU J. NTAMA
6 MKAPA K. NGULIMI
7 VUMILIA MALISA
8 VENANCE M. MBAZI
9 FRANSIS K. MOSES
10 KARIM F. ATHUMAN
11 MUSSA A. MALOLO
REGISTRATION NUMBER
T/UDOM/2018/08580
T/UDOM/2018/08655
T/UDOM/2018/00008
T/UDOM/2018/06372
T/UDOM/2018/03508
T/UDOM/2018/00005
T/UDOM/2018/03533
T/UDOM/2018/03504
T/UDOM/2018/00030
T/UDOM/2018/13566
T/UDOM/2018/00029
TO IDENTIFY STUDY DESIGN FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING RESEARCH
PROBLEM

1. Knowing that a problem exists but knowing little about its characteristics or possible
causes.
ANSWER
CASE-CONTROL STUDY DESIGN

2. Suspecting that certain factors contribute to the problem.

ANSWER
COHORT STUDY DESIGN
 3. Having established that certain factors are associated with the problem: desiring to establish the
extent to which a particular factor causes or contributes to the problem.
ANSWER
CROSS-SECTIONAL DESCRIPTIVE STUDY DESIGN

4. Having sufficient knowledge about cause(s) to develop and assess an intervention that would
prevent, control or solve the problem.
ANSWER
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY DESIGN

Five health management problems for which studies must be developed are described
below. For each problem you are asked to state:
 What type(s) of study you would propose?
1. You suspect that a large proportion of women in your region (pop. 1,000,000) is anaemic,
in particular women at childbearing age. You would like to determine how big the
problem is, and whether women perceive it as a problem. Furthermore you would like to
know whether and how women themselves could contribute to improving their anaemic
condition.
ANSWER
DESCRIPTIVE QUALITATIVE STUDY DESIGN

2. A district health team evaluated its malaria spraying programme by looking at available
records and reports. It did not find significant flaws in the functioning of the services in
different divisions and villages. Nevertheless, the incidence of malaria and mosquito
counts show peaks in certain villages that the DHT cannot explain. It wants to find out if
there is something wrong with the services.
ANSWER
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY DESIGN

3. A community survey in your region (pop. 2,000,000) indicates that 12% of the adults (15
60) in the capital are HIV positive, as compared to 7% in road side settlements and 2,5%
in the rural area (where 80% of the population live). You want to step-by-step introduce
an intensive STD programme in all 11 hospitals and 180 health centres, hoping to
decrease the HIV incidence. You would like to evaluate whether the STD programme has
an effect. Apart from the three main questions stated above: How would you organize the
evaluation time-wise? Are any ethics involved? What could be two important biases in
the study?
ANSWER
i) ONE GROUP PRETEST-POSTTEST DESIGN
ii) time-wise evaluation of the programme will be organized into
PRE-TEST EVALUATION and POST-TEST EVALUATION
iii)Yes, there are ethics involved which include
a) Confidentiality
since there is no names of those HIV positive this means that the ethics of
 confidentiality was maintained as only percentage of those HIV positive is present
b) Beneficence
As the programme intended to reduce incidence of HIV in the population
hence the ethics of beneficence was maintained

Qn3 cont… iv) two possibly biases in the study are

a) Selection bias
This can occur when researcher automatically exclude some part of the
population example in this study STD programme was done only in hospital
and health center excluding community(household)
b) Confirmation bias
This can occur when researcher consciously or unconsciously, look for
information or patterns in their data that confirm the ideas or opinion that
they already hold example this study present data Of HIV positive may lead to
confirmation bias
4. You are a midwife who has just been appointed as head of a maternity unit in a district hospital.
You suspect that the number of low birth-weight babies is increasing, and you would like to
know more about the physical and socio-economic conditions of the mothers to see if remedial
actions should be taken. The clinic records at present are not complete enough to draw
conclusions and you have neither the time nor the money to do a district-wide community
survey.
ANSWER
CROSS-SECTIONAL DESCRIPTIVE STUDY DESIGN

5. There are long queues (waiting times), at the out-patient department of your district
hospital. You are concerned about this and you would like to find out to what extent the
problem may be related to the organization and management of the department and
whether certain bottlenecks can be identified. In a later stage of the research you would
like to try to eliminate some of the bottlenecks and see whether there is improvement.
 ANSWER
Two study design involved
a) DESCRIPTIVE ANALYTICAL STUDY DESIGN due to what extent the problem
may be related to the organization and management of the department and whether
certain bottlenecks can be identified
b) EXPERIMENTAL STUDY so that to check whether there is improvement in
elimination of the bottlenecks and see

REFFERENCES

Mulhall, A. (2018). Nursing, research, and the evidence. Evidence- based nursing;1: 4–6.
Polit, D.F. & Beck, C. T. (2018). essential of nursing research; Appraising evidence for nursing
practice( ninth edition).
Polit, D.F & Beck, C. T. (2010). essential of nursing research: Appraising evidence of nursing
practice (7th edition).