STUDENT ASSIGNMENT FOR MK IPB108

GROUP 10
Name of Members

1. Daffa Dwi Faza M (I1401211044)

2. Putri Aissyah (I1401211033)
3. Mustika Ningrum (I1401211042)
4. Arwa Gemala (I1401211061)
5. Antonia Devanadinda (I1401211088)

Text 1
The 5:2 Diet: A Good Choice for Gestational Diabetes

Weight loss after gestational diabetes can prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes. However,
the most effective way to lose weight and lose weight can be a challenge, especially for mothers
with a new baby.
Now, new research from the University of South Australia suggests that the popular 5:2
or intermittent fasting diet is just as effective as a conventional energy-restricting diet, enabling
women greater choice and flexibility when it comes to weight loss. The 5:2 diet allows five
days of normal eating each week while substantially restricting calories over two days a week,
as opposed to a typical diet that requires moderate energy restrictions daily.
Globally, one in five pregnancies are affected by gestational diabetes, with these
women having a ten-fold risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. Women who have had
gestational diabetes and are also overweight are at an even higher risk. Type 2 diabetes has
lifelong consequences and can lead to other chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer.
Lead researcher, UniSA's Dr Kristy Gray says the finding will be greatly welcomed by
women looking to lose weight. "Gestational diabetes is the fastest growing type of diabetes in
Australia, affecting 15 percent of pregnancies," Dr Gray says.
Healthy eating and regular physical activity are recommended to manage gestational
diabetes, with continuous energy restriction diets -- or diets that cut calories by 25-30 percent
-- being the most common strategy for weight loss and diabetes prevention. The trouble is,
however, that new mums often put themselves last -- they're struggling with fatigue and
juggling family responsibilities -- so when it comes to weight loss, many find it hard to stick
to a low-calorie diet.
The 5:2 diet may provide a less overwhelming option. As it only cuts calories over two
days, some women may find it easier to adopt and adhere to, as opposed to a consistently low-
calorie diet requiring constant management.
The research investigated the effects of both the 5:2 diet (five days of normal eating
and two days of 500 calories) and a continuous energy-restricted diet (1500 calories per day)
on weight loss and diabetes risk markers in women with a previous diagnosis of gestational
diabetes. Both diets restricted energy by approximately 25 percent each week.
Source: University of South Australia. "The 5:2 diet: A good choice for gestational diabetes."
ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/11/211101105412.htm. (accessed
November 15, 2021).

1. Topic Sentence/main idea/controlling idea

● The topic sentence of the first paragraph is weight loss after gestational
diabetes can prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes, and it is a statement of
opinion. Its controlling idea is “can prevent”.
● The topic sentence of the second paragraph is now, new research from the
University of South Australia suggests that the popular 5:2 or intermittent
fasting diet is just as effective as a conventional energy-restricting diet, and it
is a statement of opinion. Its controlling idea is “just as effective as a
conventional energy-restricting diet”.
2. Pronoun Reference
● The pronoun ‘they” in line 20 refers to new mums.
● The pronoun “it” in line 23 refers to the 5:2 diet.
3. Vocabulary
● The word “The popular 5:2” in line 5 probably means intermittent fasting diet
with OR as the context clue.
● The suffixes “-ity” in the word ‘flexibility’ in line 6 means the state of being
something
● The prefixes “re-” in the word “research” in line 4 means again or back
4. Part of speech
● The word “Gestational” in line 1 is an ADJECTIVE.
● The word “Globally” in line 9 is an ADVERB.
5. Verb Tenses and Time Markers
● The verb “suggests” in line 4 is in the form of SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
and the word “now” is the time marker.
● The verb “Requires” in line 8 is in the form of SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
and the word “daily” is the time marker
● The verb “Restricted” in line 8 is in the form of SIMPLE PAST TENSE and
the word “each week”
6. Noun Phrase and Passive voice
● The phrase ‘intermittent fasting diet is just as effective as a conventional
energy-restricting diet’ in line 5 is a NOUN PHRASE.
● The sentence ‘one in five pregnancies are affected by gestational diabetes’ in
line is in Passive Voice, indicated by the verb phrase ‘are affected’.
7. Sub-Clauses
● The clause ‘that the popular 5:2 or intermittent fasting diet is just as effective
as a conventional energy-restricting diet’ in line 4 is a NOUN CLAUSE.
● The clause ‘that requires moderate energy restrictions daily’ in line 8 is an
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE.
● The clause ‘when it comes to weight loss’ in line 6 is an ADVERB CLAUSE.
8. Transitional Markers
● The word ‘however’ in line is a transitional marker to indicate CONTRAST.
● The word ‘as’ in line is a transitional marker to indicate COMPARE.
● The word ‘both’ in line is a transitional marker to indicate COMPARE.
Text 2
Starting the Day Off With Chocolate Could Have Unexpected Benefits

Researchers find time of day eating milk chocolate can impact regulation of body weight.
Eating milk chocolate every day may sound like a recipe for weight gain, but a new study of
postmenopausal women has found that eating a concentrated amount of chocolate during a
narrow window of time in the morning may help the body burn fat and decrease blood sugar
levels.
To find out about the effects of eating milk chocolate at different times of day, researchers
from the Brigham collaborated with investigators at the University of Murcia in Spain.
Together, they conducted a randomized, controlled, cross-over trial of 19 postmenopausal
women who consumed either 100g of chocolate in the morning (within one hour after waking
time) or at night (within one hour before bedtime). They compared weight gain and many other
measures to no chocolate intake.
Researchers report that among the women studied:
● Morning or nighttime chocolate intake did not lead to weight
gain;
● Eating chocolate in the morning or in the evening can influence
hunger and appetite, microbiota composition, sleep and more;
● A high intake of chocolate during the morning hours could help
to burn fat and reduce blood glucose levels.
● Evening/night chocolate altered next-morning resting and
exercise metabolism.
Frank A. J. L. Scheer, PhD, MSc, Neuroscientist and Marta Garaulet, PhD, Visiting
Scientist, both of the Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and
Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital. Drs. Scheer and Garaulet are co-corresponding
authors of a new paper published in The FASEB Journal.
"Our findings highlight that not only 'what' but also 'when' we eat can impact
physiological mechanisms involved in the regulation of body weight," said Scheer.
"Our volunteers did not gain weight despite increasing caloric intake. Our results show
that chocolate reduced ad libitum energy intake, consistent with the observed reduction in
hunger, appetite and the desire for sweets shown in previous studies," said Garaulet.

Source: Brigham and Women's Hospital. "Starting the day off with chocolate could have
unexpected benefits: Researchers find time of day eating milk chocolate can impact regulation
of body weight." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/06/210624114358.htm.
(accessed November 15, 2021).

 From the text, we can conclude that:

Cause Effect

Time of day eating milk chocolate Impact regulation of body weight.

 Eating a concentrated amount of chocolate
Help the body burn fat and decrease
during a narrow window of time in the
blood sugar levels.
morning

Morning or night time chocolate Did not gain weight

Eating chocolate in the morning or in the Influence hunger and appetite,

evening microbiota composition, sleep and more

A high intake of chocolate during the morning Help to burn fat and reduce blood
hours glucose levels

Altered next-morning resting and

Evening or night chocolate
exercise metabolism

Impact physiological mechanisms

What we eat and when we eat involved in the regulation of body
weight

Reduced ad libitum energy intake,

consistent with the observed reduction
Chocolate
in hunger, appetite and the desire for
sweets shown in previous studies