SM025 CHAPTER 2 FIRST ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

PSPM 2011/2012
dy
1. Solve the differential equation e x  2e x y  1 , given that y  2 when x  0 . [6 marks]
dx

PSPM 2011/2012
dN
2. A radioactive substance of mass N gram decays at the rate of  kN , where is k is
dt
a constant. Initially the amount of the substance was 80 gram. After 100 years it decayed to
20 gram.
a) Express N in terms of the elapsed time t . [8 marks]
b) Calculate the amount of the substance remains after 120 years. [2 marks]

PSPM 2012/2013
dy
3. Solve the differential equation x  y  x sin x , y ( )  1 . [7 marks]
dx

PSPM 2012/2013
dy 4 x 3
4 a) Solve the differential equation  , given that y  2 when x  0 . [4 marks]
dx 3 y 2
b) Assume that P(t ) represents the size of a population at any time t and the increment in
dP(t )
population size at time t can be modeled by the differential equation  0.005P(t )
dt
with an initial condition P(0)  1500. Determine the size of this population after 10
years. [6 marks]

PSPM 2013/2014
5. According to the Newton’s law of cooling, the rate of change of temperature of an object is
proportional to the difference in temperature between the object and the surrounding
temperature, M . The law is given by the following differential equation
dT
 k (T  M )
dt
where T (t ) is the temperature of the object at time t and k is a constant.
a) Express T in terms of time t . [5 marks]
0
b) A bowl of soup is removed from an oven with temperature at 60 C . What is the
temperature after 5 minutes if k  0.04 assuming that the temperature of the
surrounding is 26.9 0 C . [6 marks]

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 SM025 CHAPTER 2 FIRST ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

PSPM 2014/2015
6 a) The amount Q (t ) of radioactive substance present at time t in a reaction is given by the
differential equation
dQ
 kQ ,
dt
where k is a positive constant. If the initial amount of the substance is 100 mg and is
decreased to 97 mg in 6 days, determine
i) the half-life of the substance. [6 marks]
ii) the amount of radioactive substance present after 30 days. [2 marks]
b) Find the general solution to the differential equation
dy
(1  x)  y  1  x . [4 marks]
dx

PSPM 2015/2016
7. Find y in terms of x given the
dy
x  (1  2 x 2 ) y
dx
where x  0 and y  1 when x  1 . [7 marks]

PSPM 2015/2016
8. Find the general solution of the differential equation
dy
 y cot x  2 sin x . [7 marks]
dx

PSPM 2016/2017
9. In a Chemistry experiment, sodium hydroxide, NaOH, reacts with hydrochloric acid, HCl,
to form sodium chloride salt, NaCl, and water. Before the reaction starts, no NaCl salt is
formed. At time t (minute), the mass of NaCl salt formed is x grams and the rate of
dx
change of x is given by   (50  x) , where  is a positive constant.
dt
a) Find the general solution for the above equation. [5 marks]
b) Find the particular solution if 35 grams of NaCl salt has formed in the first 30 minutes.
[3 marks]
c) Hence, find
i) the mass of NaCl salt formed in 60 minutes. [2 marks]
ii) the time taken to form 40 grams of NaCl salt. [2 marks]

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 SM025 CHAPTER 2 FIRST ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

PSPM 2017/2018
dy
10 a) Find the general solution of the differential equation  y 2 xe2 x .
dx
Give your answer in the form y  f (x) . [6 marks]
dy xy
b) Find the particular solution of the differential equation   1  x 2 , given
dx 1  x 2

that y  1 when x  0 . [7 marks]

ANSWER

1) e 2 x y  e x  1
2 a) N  80 e 0.01386t b) 15.16 g
3) xy  x cosx  sin x
4 a) y 3  x 4  8 b) 1577
5 a) T  M  Aekt b) T  540 C
y
6 a i) 136 days ii) 85.86 m b)  ln 1  x  c
1 x
7) y  xe1 x
2

sin 2x
8) y sin x  x  c
2
9 a) x  50  50e  t b) x  50  50e0.0401t c i) 45.49 g ii) 40.1 minutes
3
4 x
10 a) y  2 x 2 x
b) ( 1  x 2 ) y  x  c
2xe  e  4c 3

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 SM025 CHAPTER 2 FIRST ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

SOLUTION

dy
1. e x  2e x y  1
dx
dy 1
 2y  x
dx e
dy
 P( x) y  Q( x)
dx
1
P( x)  2 , Q( x) 
ex

V ( x)  e 
P ( x ) dx

V ( x)  e 
2 dx
 e2x

V ( x) y   V ( x) Q( x) dx

1
(e 2 x ) y   (e 2 x )  x  dx
e 
  e dx
x

e2x y  e x  c
y2 , x0
e (2)  e 0  c
2( 0)

2  1 c
c 1
e y  ex 1
2x

dN
2.  kN
dt
1
a)  dN    k dt
N
ln N  k t  c
N  e  k t c
 e k t e c
N  A e  k t where A  ec
t  0 , N  80
80  A e  k (0)
80  A(1)

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 SM025 CHAPTER 2 FIRST ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

A  80
N  80 e  k t
t  100, N  20
20  80 e  k (100)
1
 e 100 k
4
1
ln    100k
 4
1
ln  
k  
4
 100
k  0.01386
N  80 e 0.01386 t

b) when t  120
N  80 e 0.01386 (120)
 15.16 g

dy
3. x  y  x sin x , y ( )  1
dx
dy 1
 y  sin x
dx x
dy
 P( x) y  Q( x)
dx
1
P( x)  , Q( x)  sin x
x

V ( x)  e 
P ( x ) dx

1
 dx
V ( x)  e x
 e ln x  x e ln x  x

V ( x) y   V ( x) Q( x) dx

( x) y   ( x) (sin x) dx
 u dv  uv   v du
  xsin x dx u  x  du  dx
 ( x)( cos x)   ( cos x) ( dx) dv  sin x dx  v   cos x
 x cos x   cos x dx
x y  x cosx  sin x  c
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 SM025 CHAPTER 2 FIRST ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

y( )  1  x   , y  1
( )(1)   cos  sin  c
  0c
c0
x y  x cosx  sin x

dy 4 x 3
4 a) 
dx 3 y 2

 3y dy   4x 3 dx
2

y3  x4  c
y2 , x0
(2) 3  (0) 4  c
c 8
y3  x4  8

dP(t )
b)  0.005P(t )
dt
1
 P(t ) dP(t )   0.005 dt
ln P(t)  0.005t  c
P(t )  e 0.005t c
 e0.005t ec
P(t )  Ae0.005t where A  ec
P(0)  1500  t  0 , P  1500
1500  Ae0.005(0)
A  1500
P(t )  1500e 0.005t
when t  10
P(10)  1500e 0.005(10)
 1577

dT
5.  k (T  M )
dt
1
a)  dT    k dt
T M
ln(T  M )  kt  c
T  M  ekt c
T  M  e kt ec

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 SM025 CHAPTER 2 FIRST ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

T  M  Aekt where A  ec

b) k  0.04 , M  26.9
T  26.9  Ae0.04t
t  0 , T  60
60  26.9  Ae0.04(0)
A  33.1
T  26.9  33.1e 0.04t
when t  5
T  26.9  33.1e 0.04(5)
T  540 C

dQ
6 a)  kQ
dt
1
i)  dQ    k dt
Q
lnQ  k t  c
Q  e  k t c
 e k t e c
Q  A e  k t where A  ec
t  0 , Q  100
100  A e  k ( 0)
A  100
Q  100 e  k t
t  6 , Q  97
97  100 e  k ( 6)
0.97  e 6 k
ln(0.97)   6k
ln( 0.97)
k
6
k  0.00508
Q  100 e 0.00508t
1
when Q  (100)  50
2
50  100 e 0.00508t
0.5  e0.00508t
ln(0.5)  0.00508t
ln( 0.5)
t
 0.00508

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 SM025 CHAPTER 2 FIRST ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

t  136 days
ii) when t  30
Q  100 e 0.00508(30)
Q  85.86 mg

dy
b) (1  x)  y  1 x
dx
dy 1
 y 1
dx 1  x
dy
 P( x) y  Q( x)
dx
1
P( x)   , Q( x)  1
1 x

V ( x)  e 
P ( x ) dx

1
 1 x dx
V ( x)  e
 e ln(1 x) a ln b  ln b a
1
 e ln(1 x )
 (1  x) 1 e ln x  x
1

1 x
V ( x) y   V ( x) Q( x) dx

 1   1 
 y     (1) dx
1  x  1  x 
1
 dx
1 x
y
 ln 1  x  c
1 x

dy
7. x  (1  2 x 2 ) y
dx
1 1  2x 2
y dy   x dx
1 2x 2
ln y    dx
x x

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 SM025 CHAPTER 2 FIRST ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

1
  2x dx
x
ln y  ln x  x 2  c
y  1, x  1
ln 1  ln 1  (1) 2  c
0  0 1  c
c 1
ln y  ln x  x 2  1
ln y  ln x   x 2  1
y
ln  1 x2
x
y
 e1 x
2

x
y  xe1 x
2

dy
8.  y cot x  2 sin x
dx
dy
 P( x) y  Q( x)
dx
P( x)  cot x , Q( x)  2 sin x

V ( x)  e 
P ( x ) dx

cos A
V ( x)  e 
cot x dx cot A 
sin A
cos x
 dx
 e sin x
1 u  sin x
 du
e u du  cos x dx
 elnu
u
 sin x

V ( x) y   V ( x) Q( x) dx

(sin x) y   (sin x)(2 sin x) dx

  2 sin 2 x dx
 1  cos 2 x 
  2
 2
 dx
 sin 2 A 
1  cos 2 A
2

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 SM025 CHAPTER 2 FIRST ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

  1  cos 2x dx
sin 2x
y sin x  x  c
2

dx
9 a)   (50  x)
dt
1
 50  x dx    dt
 ln(50  x)   t  c
ln(50  x)   t  c
50  x  e  t c
 e  t e c
50  x  A e  t where A  e c
50  A e  t  x
x  50  A e  t
t  0, x  0
0  50  A e  (0)
0  50  A
A  50
x  50  50 e  t

b) t  30, x  35
35  50  50 e  (30)
 15  50 e 30
3
 e 30
10
3
ln     30
 10 
3
ln  
 10   
 30
  0.0401
x  50  50 e 0.0401t

c i) when t  60
x  50  50 e 0.0401(60)
x  45.49 g
ii) when x  40

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 SM025 CHAPTER 2 FIRST ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

40  50  50 e 0.0401t
 10  50 e 0.0401t
1
 e 0.0401t
5
1
ln     0.0401t
5
1
ln  
5 t
 0.0401
t  40.1 minutes

dy
10 a)  y 2 xe2 x
dx
1
 y 2 dy   xe dx
2 x

 u dv  uv   v du
 y 2 dy   xe2 x dx
u  x  du  dx
y 1
 e 2 x   e 2 x  e 2 x
1

 ( x)
      2  (dx)
 dv  e 2 x dx  v 
 2    2
1 1 2 x 1
   xe   e 2 x dx
y 2 2
1 1  e 2 x 
  xe2 x   c
2 2   2 
1 1 1
   xe2 x  e 2 x  c
y 2 4
1 1 2 x 1 2 x
 xe  e  c
y 2 4
2 x
1 2 xe  e 2 x  4c

y 4
4
y 2 x
2xe  e 2 x  4c

dy xy
b)   1  x2
dx 1  x 2

dy
 P( x) y  Q( x)
dx
x
P( x)  , Q( x)  1  x 2
1 x 2

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 SM025 CHAPTER 2 FIRST ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

V ( x)  e 
P ( x ) dx

u 1 x2
x
 1 x2 dx du  2 x dx
V ( x)  e
1 1 
  du 
e u 2 

1 1
u du
e 2

1
ln u
 e2
1

e ln u 2

1
 u2
 1 x2

V ( x) y   V ( x) Q( x) dx

( 1  x 2 )( y)   ( 1  x 2 )( 1  x 2 ) dx
  1  x 2 dx
x3
( 1 x2 ) y  x  c
3

CHENG CHUN LIANG UNIT MATEMATIK KMK Page 12