0 1 Dubai Municipality Drainage and Irrigation Department Sewerage and Drainage Design Criteria Dubai Municipality Drainage \ Irigation Department has developed standard design 2500 m") 025-040 Apartinents (050-070 Industrial Light 050-0180 Heavy 0,600.90 Sours Adpal Tom Viewman and Kapp 17 [Note that for preliminary calculation of ninoff these coefficients are consistent with ‘hove used with the Rational Method forest Theformilais = Q = Where: ° coe 1 A ing not 2401, the peak runoff ate (aniay) the runo coefficient (dimensionless) ‘the average rainfall intensity (mm/h) the size ofthe drainage area (hs) ‘The Engincer may wish to use the Rational Method for preliminary sizing of collection system componcats. However, design submittals must use the Dubs MOUSE model to demonstrate the performance of the system. This is especially Important with respect to elear times as discussed in Section 4.3, 26 KAME43 4a Ds96 Clear Times: System clear time refers othe amount of time after a storm event ends whichis required to remove flood volumes from service areas, These times have been set to minimize ‘commercial impacts and to protect the public, Table 4.3.1 sa summary of recommended clear times for differen area classifications within Dubai “Table 4.3.1. Recommended Drainage System Clear Times “Area Classification ‘Maximum Clear Time, bess Residential 6 ‘Commercial 4 Industrial 4 Roadways ‘Local (ingle Tas) é Collector (wo lane) 6 Arterial vo lane) 4 Arterial (hee or more lanes) 2 deepasses| (No surcharge) Groundwater Flow Drainage systems are to be designed to control groundwater in areas where water levels are within 2 meters of the ground surface, However, the stormwater drainage system is ot sized onthe basis of groundwater Hows, Groundwater contibutions in Dubai vary from catchment t catshment since they are Function ofthe local groundwater table elevation and ground permeability Groundwater flow rates can be predicted based on guidelines presented in Construction Indusey Research and Information Association (CIRIA) Report NoL13, Groundwater flows can be calculated using the following relationships for dowatering: Ro =Chk"* = [(0.73 40.27 (Heol ] (KC Ro ) (Ht Where Q = ‘otal discharge from drain (m5) 7 KAMEH = height of staie water table (m) eight of water level at dain inlet (m ) ho (mn) permeability of soil (avs) X= length of drain (m) Ro= distance to drain, (radius of influence, m ) ‘C= Constant factor (range of 1,500 fo 2,000 for line low to collection points or 3,000 for radial flow to pumped wells) ‘Table 44.1 presems typical soil permeability valves, A value of 10° is used for most areas of Dubai obtain preliminary estimates of flow, The actual value tobe used in should be based on actual field investigation results “Typical Soll Permeabiities Permeability Soil ‘Drainage avs) Type [Characteristics 1 i" Clean Gravel 10 0 Clean Sas 0 (Clean sand and gravel 10° snintures 10 ‘Very Tine sands organic 1 Poor 1 Drainage 1D" Practically 0 Homogensour ci Impervious below zone of sweathern ‘gaat om Wotan Kova, 11 Grounewater lows ar collected using soted pipes. The opening size anges from Sm tom. Total percentage of opening should be idenitiod by individual pipe manufacturers to allow infitation of volumes 2s specified ia Btsh Standard BS S911 : Part 4. These volumes are summarized in Table 442. 2 KAME‘Table 4.42. Slotted Pipe Minimum Infiltration Rates Diameter Infiltration Rate Vinin/m 130 too 225 Iso. 300 200 Grater than 300 ‘Should the Engineer decile 1 use deep wel points 1 lower groundwater elevations in iu of land drains then a separate relationship applies Ro= Chi!’ Os rhw ny 1 (loge Rt) Where: Ry = radius of influence, m radial flow to pumped well) Percabilty of soil (m/s) total discharge fom well (a) hight of static water table (om) hight of water in well (m) radius ofthe well (m) 45° Hyddrautie Design Hydraulic design ofthe Dubs Drainage System, lke the sewerage system, o be based bon the Colebrooke White formula, The Manning Equation may also be used during MOUSE models exercises. Refer to Section 1.5 for details of the two formulas. Note thatthe drainage sytem isto be designed to operate under surcharge conditions in accordance with the cleat time philosophy: KAME46 47 Ds96 ‘Table 46.1. Maximum and Minimum velocities in Drainage Pipes Pipe Description] Minimum (nis) Maximum cs) Design (mi) “Gravity ine 7S a5 os Presse Tine 10 30 to -Minionam and! Maximum Drainage Flow Velocities Design flow velocities should he within the limits which are set in Table 46.1 Minimum velocities are based on providing sll-leansing Velocities and prevent solids sedimentation inthe drainage pipes. Maximum velocities are set 10 minimize the negative effecs of abrasion nthe pipes and manholes Rouhiess Coettcfent ‘The roughness coefficient is u measure ofthe variation and magnitude of protuberances onthe interior surfoce ofthe pipe. The roughness, therfore, isa function ofthe pipe material, age and condition. Typical coefficients For the various pipe materials are given inthe Table 47.1, Dubsi drainage designs should be based on b= 0.6 (n=0.016) assuming asbestos-cement pipe. Table 47.1, Typical Roughness Coefficients Pipe Material | Manning's Coefficient, ] Colebrooke-Whive, a mm) ‘Good | Normal] Poor | Good] Normal] Poor TPE oon] 01 [-ooiz}-os [06 [15 (GRP ‘0.009|oo1|-oo13|-03 [06 [15 Coated Gastron] 0.012] D013 | 001s |_0.09 [0.43 [0-30 ncostd Cast Iron] 0013 | 001g | ooisp 0.15 [oa | om Ductile fon 015] p01 | 0017 03 [06 Asbestos cement [O01 0016 03 [08 Vitrified Cl ODIs ‘017 os [15 Conere ‘O01 TH os 10s 0 KAME48 49 Pipe Depths Dubsi Municipality drainage projects are designed on the basis of maintaining a ‘minimum cover depth of 1.2 m above the crown ofthe drainage pipe. This is to provide protection from external loads. Pipes with depth les than 1.2m above the crown should be protected with concrete Maximum depths to invert during design should be on the basis of maintaining costetective and safe design, The recommended maximum cover for Dubai Arainage pipes is approximately 10m, Depths greater than this should be avoided ‘where practicable. IF required, then the Engineer should determine whether or not ‘any additional provisions are required to protect the pipe from soil oad, Pipe Materials and Sizes Drainage pipes in Dubai are often exposed to aggressive groundwater, therefore ‘material selection is important, This will play an important role in determining the Hie ‘ofthe system, Similarly, selection of appropriate sizes is important othe overall system performance, Drainage pipes should be of either asbestos-cement or, in specific eases, of uPVC. Table 49.1 isa summary of pipe materials and sizes. Note that AC pipe should be ‘manufactured using mild sulphate resistent cement to resist degradation due to aggressive groundwater characteristics, ‘Table 49.1 Drainage Pipe Materials Pipe Diameter (mm) Material Comment sus ave >is ‘Asbestos Coment_| Mild sulphate resin “The minimum pipe size penmssible on deinage profcts is 250 mm, One exception is pipe used for land drains, The land drain minimum size is 160 mm, However, slotted cartier pipes, serving as both lane drain and cane drain, must meet the 250:nm minimum. Openi ‘requirements outlined in Section 44 i land din ad slotted cater pipes must meet the 3 KAME40 4 Ds96 Uiity Crossings ‘The basic design criteria to be used when a dinage line crosses or runs near to anther tity are the same asin the sewerage design criteria section, This information is presented in Table 4.10.1 ‘able 4.10.1 Uuility Crossing Guidelines Parameter ‘Minimums Criteria 30 em nim, Vertical Clearance |i Tess than 30 em, use concrete sade. Carry encasement to is joint on each sie of crossing Tin min Horizomal Clearance | tym same tench, place other utility on separate bench ‘on undisturbed soil above sewer ine “Always placed above drainage Testo proteet pubic Potable WaterLines | oath Drainage System Manhotes ‘The recommended design sitera for manholes to be installed forthe stormwater are summarized in Table 4.11-L, Drainage manhole classifications drainage syst ae given in Table 4.11.2 2 KAME‘Table 411.1, Recommended Drainage Manhole Desizn Criteria Description Standard ‘Maximum Spacing TOO meters for most sewers, 10 meters Tor Berween Manholes large tank sewers (Dz 120mm). Limited by reach of sewer cleaning equipment Benching ‘Minimuns 0.50 width on a Teast ne de DF flow chanel, Ladder stops to be Incorporated into surface. ‘Manhole Runge or Ladder ‘esos: by permanent eps or electic \winch and tripod. Lauder stops to be Incorporated in benching For emergency Manhole Cover and Frame ‘Crear Opening GOO TTA Cover and frame wo be machined and tagged o prevent rocking. All covers and Frames in roadways to he rated for ‘maximum vebicle loads, Asoo Shall Diameter [Om nim Band Diameter 1.5m exceptas otherwise noted. Based on pipe diameter plus minimum benching of 05 mone sie. Satery Chains Provide on all auaholes with pipe Gamer ‘F600 mm or larger. Materals of Construction ‘Manhole Cover and Frame Ductile Iron with epoxy coating Access Shalt ‘Mass concrete «No Reinforcement) Top Slab Reinforced Concrete Barrel Mass Concrete (No Reinforcement) Bottom Slab Reinforced Concrete Benching Granotithie concrete base Lining Epoxy paint protection Exterior Corrosion Coal tarepony or impervious membrane Protection coupled with protection board. Tesi Hydrostatic and infiliraion 3B KAME‘Table 4.11.2. Drainage Manhole Classifications ‘Manhole [Tower [Upper [Pipe dia. | Depth Range | LawerMin. [UpperShatt|BaseSab [Lower | Upper | Reducer] Top Stab wall Wall type | shat [Shae | Range ‘Shaft Depth | Depth Range | Thieknes |Shat [Shaft | Siab-_| Thickness ia ‘ Diameter Min [Mia Min_[ Max Thickness | Thickness | Thickness 100 | wa 20 {sm ow | wa | wa | wa | 20 as Na Na, 20 , 100 | 000 | 700x900 | ss4mm | r700 | 2400 | oo | son | a0 30 20, 00 20 L 2 | ro | s1200 | sve | smo | 2500 | eo | 2500 | 10. 30 20, 0 20 ‘Noes: Mannoie deta aside hs prance oe tae separately se bythe Basie 2 Dypth mast fom Tepof Masholecoer tots pipe sot Deve KAME412 Inlet Gules StosmwaterrunofTis tobe collected using one of to gully types. There are ‘curb inlet gullies and gurter gullies, Gully locations shouldbe in sccordance with the following Inlet gullies aze tobe located 10 minimize the impact of flooding of roadways and side walk, * Inlets shouldbe located at al fo points and at aspaling interval Which sill avoid overflowing of gues, + Maximum spacing between gullies i 25 meters 413 Soakaways Soakaways may be used for disposal of collected stormwater runof “Typically, thee shouldbe used for roadways through undeveloped areas where centralized drainage systems have not yet been installed. The Engineer should design the soskaways based on site specific investigation, Provisions For connection to Future main drainage collectors should be incuded inthe desig, 414 Ounfalls ‘The design of outfall is specialized and can aot be generalized to adress ‘every projet, Outfalls may be located in ether the Dubsi Creek, the Arabian Gulf ofa detention pond. Outfall locations neae public beaches or private hotels should be avoided where possible. Outfalls should not be locate in rea where the resident biological life willbe disrupted tothe point where its survivals threatened. 415 Detention Ponds Detention Ponds ate regional facies and should be based on a 50-year return period, The following sizing criteria shouldbe use. D396 3 KAMEDetention pond sizing evteia Pond volume design storm 116 mma ‘Stost retum period 50 year Number of pond levels 2 (wo) Pon lower evel design runot? 30mm Pon upper evel design runot? 70mm Pond lower level) empty time S days Pon (upper level) empty time 2.3 weeks Note that the emptying time for the upper level is approximate, Actual ‘emptying time may vary depending on outlet sizing based on the lower level ‘emptying time. All ponds must meet this criteria fora given storm event, ‘Therefore, upstream ponds must be cleared more quickly. ‘Total pond storage volume is based on 116 mm of runoff, 1s assumed that the additional 16 mm runoff for the design stom is route through the system ding filling and thus maximum storage requirements are for 100 mm, ‘The Engineer should confirm all clear times wsing the MOUSE mode 50 Drainage Pump Stations ‘The design philosophy for Dubai includes the minimization ofthe total mber of drainage pump stations in the collection system, Where pumping is required the numberof times a given flow is pumped should also be minimized. This Philosophy bas been adopted to reduce operation and maintenance associated with pump stations. Existing drsinage mp stations inthe Dubai system ar typically submersible stations, The following sections present design guidelines or drainage pump D396 36 KAMEPump Station Sizing Drainage pump stations must be sized to handle runoff flows based on the appropriate design stom. All dcainage pump stations in Dubai shouldbe designed to andl the projected runoff for its catchment; both local and regional where appropriate, In many cases, a pump station may be large in onder to ensure that clear ines for upstream detention ponds are met. The Engineer should ensure appropriate Sizing for such pump stations; even whea the upstream ponds are not within the immediate projet area Allcaleulations should be validated with MOUSE ~ Model of Urban Sewers, MOUSE provides a more accurate calculation of projected flows with time since it mods the travel characteristics throughout the catchment ‘The capacity ofthe pump station shouldbe greater than or equa to the estimated runoff flow divided by the storm duration and clear time for the local area oF detention pond served bythe station, Actusl sizing of wetwells is eft to the Enginoer, Wet well sizing is function of the incoming flows, the control strategy for the tation, the selected pumps and the number of starts pee hour permissible for the pumps. Sine the later is determined by the pump ‘manufacturer this ean only be determined after pump selections are made, Once this information is known, then the wetwell can be sized using the following relationship: et required capacity ‘minionm time in minutes of one pumping eyele pump capacity, min Where secs Note the above equation s for single pump ora Singlespeed contro Step for smultiplespeed operation, It does not apply to variable-speed pumping, D396 a KAME52 Pump Selection ‘Typically, stormwater drainage pump stations are not considered t go through the multiple star stop cycles experienced in sewage pump stations, However, ‘when the desinage pump station i also used for dewatering, such sizing can become important Purp selection should be made to optimize conditions over the anticipated range of flows and should consider both unoff and groundwater flows 3s "propriate. Selection is made to minnie holding times inthe wet well before pumping, maximize pumping efficiency, and moot clear time requirements on both local andl regional scales Actual pump selection can only be made after a sytem head-capacity curve is developed by the Engineer forthe proposed installation. The following are to be considered. Required range of head and flows 2) Number of pumps 1h) Operating and contol statey i) Eificiency 4) Potential for upgrading capac “The final item is important to ensure flexibility inthe system. The potential to ‘upgrade capacities means that there willbe opportunity to accept runof From ‘adjacent catchments on ether along-orshor-tem basis. OF cours, should design constraints such as design storm or clear time become more restrictive in the future lexibility would also make it easier to comply with now requirements ‘When possible, the selected pump should he inthe mid-range of available {impeller sizes so that simple changes can he made to improve pup st capacity. Note tha all drainage pump stations should have a minimum of two (2 os.) purnps. The second pump is redundant inthe event ofa single pump D396 3 KAMEfailure, Mulple size pumps may also e appropriate to meet groundwater pumping requirements Pump Station Structures Structures should be designed to ensure a safe Working envionment for ‘operation and msintenance stat as well as maximizing performance and ‘minimizing costs. The following shouldbe observed: a » ° ® ‘Ventilation — Wet wells should include provisions for appropriate ‘ventilation prior to entry by tmined personel. Equipment Removal - Provisions should be made to facilitate removing pumps, motors, and other mechanical an electieal equipment ‘Access Suitable and safe means of access must be provided to dry wells and to wet wells Construction Materials ~ Dus consideration should be given tothe ‘eleetion of materials because of the presence of aggressive groundwater flows, greases, ils and other constituents frequently present in the drainage, Wer wells should be configured 0 minimize turbulence, especialy ear the intake ofthe pumps Wet wel controls are typically ofthe encapsulated foattype: although more sophisticated control may be considered. In all case, {onto sensors should be located aay from the turbulence af Incoming flow and pump suction, ‘Se Electrical and Instrumentation Systems "New dinage pump stations shouldbe designed and constructed based on the applicable standards for Dubai International principles should also be practiced, To enhance the operability ofthe pump station te following provisions should be included a D396 Supply and conto citcuits should allow for disconnection from ‘outside the wet well. Teminals and connectors should be protected 2 KAMEfrom corrosion through proper locaton aneVor the use of water-tight seals. Separate strain elie is required. b) Motor contol panels should be properly sealed, ©) Powercords shouldbe designed for flexibility and serviceability ‘nner conditions of extra hard usage, They should also be suc hat field connections are facilitated, 8) Ground faut inerrupion protection should be used Instrumentation systems should be consistent with Dubai Municipality ‘monitoring and control strategies. Referto literature on the Dubai Municipality syst for requirements 60 Drainage Rising Mains Drainage ssing mains are an important part ofthe overall collection and pumping systom. Proper design of the rising main can result in efficient, cost- effective operation, Improper design can result in poor performance, Frequent blockages and increased operating and maintenance costs, The following sections detail the design principles tobe adopted for Duta systems 6.4 Slaing and Velocity Criteria Rising mains should be sized to maintain velocities within an acceptable range fora variety of flow conditions. Selection ofa size requires an understand of projected flows forthe service life ofthe system, Section 4.6 included information regarding ceptable rising main Velocities. ‘The minimum velocity permite is 1.0 mvs; required 1 ensure te line i elf cleansing, ‘The maximum velocity acceptable for Dubai is 20 m/s. The preferred target velocity is approximately 1.5 vs Selection ofa rising main size should be based on the velocity range above For cases where al lows ate significantly lower than future flows 660 oF D396 wo KAME62 ‘more rising mains may be warranted, This could be the case with regional pumping facies where some portion ofthe catchment will not he developed for several year The additonal rising main also provides redundancy inthe event of a ine proble [Note that the velocity range must be met ona daily basis, not necesaly each time the pump station operates. Velocities shouldbe checked for eaca puny scenario: especially inthe case of dry weather season groundwater control No rising main shouldbe smaller than 200 nxn diameter. Head Losses (Once arising main has been selected, the head loss resulting from the main can be ealulated, This will permit appropriate pump selections to be made, the Hazen-Willicms Equation is used in Dubai for this calculation ss Follow o27scp™s"* Howrate (ls) = Hazen. Wil Where: ss Cosicient (dimensionless) ‘ternal pipe diameter (ma) = slope of enerey grade ne (rn) wones [Note that the Engineer should check the design fora range of C vals (100 t0 140) w assess how the effects of pipe wear will effect overall system performance Material Selection Drainage rising mains in Dubai mast be resistant othe caresive eects ofthe age characteristics, Currently, UPVC is used fr pipes less than or equal to 315mm diameter. Pipes larger than 315mm diameter are asbestos- local cement, The Engineer should review the specifications for pipe ad ensure that D396 a KAME6a any special requirements are provide for. This includes chemical resistance, ‘opth of cover and pressure requirements Air Valves and Washouts “The Engineer should include air valves and washouts on all ising mains as necessary to improve performance and inresse aovess for maintenance. th general, devices shouldbe installed atthe follow [Air valves: high points and as necessary based on surge analysis ‘Washouts: low points and as necessary For access and dewatering Tn addition, access chambers should aso be considered when the length of rising main is greater than 500m betwoen st valve and/or washouts. This practice provides access for maintenance purposes, ach device should be constructed within a special chamber to ensure easy scoess. Connections to the pipes are to be included for flushing the lines andlor for dewatering. Valves should also be provided to either side for isolation purposes. 15 Surge Analysis “The Engineer is required to conduct an analysis of transients in his designed system, Thisis also refered to as surge analysis. Dubai Municipality has ‘alopted the SURGE 5 program as its preferred software analysis tol. SURGE ‘5 was developed and is maintained by the Univesity of Kentucky, USA. SURGE 5 results shouldbe used to optimize the system such that the potential effects of transients (water hammer) are mitigated, Recommended devices should be included in the design. During construction, a separate analysis will D396 2 KAMEbe required of the Contractor based on actual materials and equipment supplied. “Moificatons may be required at that ime, Mimaldrainage-Design-C+19-10.dos PEE EEE EEE EEE EEE EME Eee