STEEL DESIGN

BEAMS – Part 4

Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh Karimi

Civil Engineering Department
Cyprus International University

Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi

Contents
- Shear strength

- Deflection

- Design of beams using Z tables

Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi

Shear
strength
Basic concept of shear strength:

From elementary mechanics of materials, the shearing stress is

Since this element is located on the neutral axis there is no flexure.

Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi

Shear stress distribution for a W shape:

Superimposed on the actual distribution

is the average stress in the web, V/Aw,
which does not differ much from the
maximum web stress.

Clearly, the web will completely yield

long before the flanges begin to yield.
Because of this, yielding of the web
represents one of the shear limit states.

Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi

Taking the shear yield stress as 60% of the tensile yield stress, we can write the equation for the stress in the web
at failure as:

where Aw = area of the web. The nominal strength corresponding to this limit state is therefore:

Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi

AISC specification requirements for shear:

Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi

Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Example
:

Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi

Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Deflection
In addition to being safe, a structure must be serviceable. A serviceable structure is one that performs
satisfactorily, not causing any discomfort or perceptions of unsafety for the occupants or users of the structure.

For a beam, being serviceable usually means that the deformations, primarily the vertical sag, or deflection, must
be limited.

Excessive deflection is usually an indication of a very flexible beam, which can lead to problems with vibrations.

The deflection itself can cause problems if elements attached to the beam can be damaged by small distortions. In
addition, users of the structure may view large deflections negatively and wrongly assume that the structure is
unsafe.

For the common case of a simply supported, uniformly loaded beam such as that in Figure, the maximum vertical
deflection is

Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi

Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Example
:

Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi

Beam design
Design philosophy:

Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi

 Design
steps:
1. Compute the required moment strength (i.e., the factored load moment Mu for LRFD or the unfactored
moment Ma for ASD). The weight of the beam is part of the dead load but is unknown at this point. A value
may be assumed and verified after a shape is selected, or the weight may be ignored initially and checked after
a shape has been selected. Because the beam weight is usually a small part of the total load, if it is ignored at
the beginning of a design problem, the selected shape will usually be satisfactory when the moment is
recomputed.

2. Select a shape that satisfies this strength requirement. This can be done in one of two ways.

a. Assume a shape, compute the available strength, and compare it with the required strength. Revise if
necessary. The trial shape can be easily selected in only a limited number of situations.
b. Use the beam design charts in Part 3 of the Manual.

3. Check the shear strength.

4. Check the deflection.

Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi

Example
:

Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi

Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi