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Physical Science
Quarter 3 – Module 5:
Collision Theory & Catalyst
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Physical Science– Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 5: Collision Theory & Catalyst
First Edition, 2020
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Team Leaders:
School Head : Reynaldo B. Visda
LRMDS Coordinator : Melbourne L. Salonga
Physical Science
Quarter 3 – Module 5:
Collision Theory & Catalyst
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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
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This learning module was designed to help the students to learn the key concepts of
collision theory and catalyst and its role in the rate of chemical reaction. This
learning module deals with describing and identifying the intermolecular forces occur
between molecules and how these forces affect the properties of substances. To
further enhance the students’ learning, different learning activities are provided in
this module. The lesson is presented in an easy way in order to address the learning
difficulties of the students by using language level at par with their comprehension.
Based on the recent study, students learn more if they are actively engaged in the
textbook they are using. This learning module can help to improve the student’s
academic achievement in this subject. With this material, students can work in less
supervision of the teacher.
The module is contained one lesson.
• Lesson 1 – Collision Theory & Catalyst
The most essential learning competencies for this module.
Use simple collision theory to explain the effects of concentration, temperature, and
particle size on the rate of reaction (S11/12PS-IIIf-23)
What I Know
Identify the key term referred in each statement. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
__________1. A branch of chemistry that deals with rate and factor that influence
the chemical reactions.
__________2. It can be measured in terms of change of concentration of reactant or
product per unit time.
__________3. It states that molecules must collide to each other in order for chemical
changes will occur.
__________4. It increases the speed of the chemical reactions.
__________5. The energy needed for the chemical reaction will take place.
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Lesson
In chemistry, the particles such as atom, ions and molecules must collide before they
can combine with each other. For instance, atoms must in contact to other atoms or
molecules to form a chemical bond. With this idea, the collision theory will help us
to explain why reacting molecules have different rates of reaction depending on
several factors such as the concentration of the reactants, the temperature, the size
of the reacting particles and the significant role of catalyst in chemical reaction.
What’s In
+ +
+ +
Let us say that these figures are particles. Based from the above figures, particles
combined to produce new particles. Some particles separate while other particle’s
partner have exchanged. The particles will collide with each other with required
amount of energy so that the reaction will take place. Thus, the collision theory will
help us to understand the behavior of these reacting particles. The reaction rates
occur faster than others. These rates depend on how these particles will collide, that
would influence by several factors that affect the rate of reaction such as
temperature, concentration and particle size as well as the catalyst.
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What’s New
An area of chemistry that deals with how fast chemical reaction occurs and
the factors that influence the rate of reaction is called Chemical Kinetics.
Collision theory
The chemical reactions occur at different speeds, may be at fast or slowly rates. The
collision theory will help us to understand why chemical reactions takes place at
different speeds. In any chemical reaction, the collision theory assumes that the
particles either atoms, ions and molecules must collide in order for the chemical
change will take place. During the reaction, the colliding particles must have enough
energy so that electrons will change their position, old chemical bonds are broken
and new bonds are formed. The collision of atoms, ions and molecules must be strong
enough to destroy the old chemical bonds of the colliding particles. The collisions
between reactants must be effective, they must have enough energy called activation
energy. The activation energy is the minimum energy required for a reaction to
proceed.
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Presence of Catalysts
A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of chemical reaction. By adding this
substance, it will speed up the chemical reaction without being consumed in any
given reaction. This process is catalysis. In biology, lactase is an enzyme that breaks
lactose into simple sugar unit, is a specific example of a catalyst.
Catalysts can be divided into two, Homogenous and Heterogeneous. In
Homogeneous, reactants are in the same phase. For instance, liquid catalyst is in
liquid system and gas catalyst is in a gaseous system. While, in heterogeneous the
reactants are in different phase. For example, manganese dioxide (MnO 2), is a solid
used to speed up the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H 2O2) which is a liquid.
The rate of reaction is the change in the concentration of a reactant or a product per
unit time. The rate of reaction can be expressed in terms of rate of disappearance of
reactants and or the rate of appearance of the product per unit time.
The rate of this reaction can be expressed as
Rate = (X)
t
Where:
delta sign means “change in”
(X) given reactant or product
(t) change in time
Note: (-) negative sign before concentration of reactants decrease
with time. The rate of reaction is always positive. The rate is
determined by the decrease in concentration of a reactant over
time or the increase in concentration of a product over time,
always end up with positive sign.
The fast or slow of the rate of chemical reaction can be affected by the following
factors.
1. When the reaction in a 1.0 L flask, 8.0 x 10 -4 mol of Cl2 is formed during the first
5.0 s of reaction. What is the rate of reaction of Cl 2?
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Cl2 = 8.0 x 10-4 mol/1.0 L or 8.0 x 10-4 M
Change of concentration of Cl2= 8.0 x 10-4 M – 0 M = 8.0 x 10-4 M
H2 + Cl2 2HCl
From the above example, each mole per L of H 2 produces 2 moles per L of HCl,
meaning the rate of HCl produces is double as fast as H 2 disappears. The rate of
reaction can be expressed as:
Rate of reaction = - (H2) = - (Cl2) = 1/2 (HCl)
t t t
2. When hydrogen combined with nitrogen, then the product formed is ammonia,
3H2 + N2 2NH3
What is It
After reading the text in What’s new. Let us see how far you have learned this topic.
Match the term in Column A to Column B. Use a separate sheet of paper for
your answer.
A B
What’s More
Give the rate of expression of the following chemical equations. Use a separate
paper for your solution and answer.
3. 2NH3 N2 + 3H2
4. 4Na + O2 2Na2O
5. H2 + Br2 2HBr
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What I Can Do
Answer the following questions using the given chemical equation below. Use
another sheet of paper for your solution and answer.
KNO3 KNO2 + O2
Assessment
Multiple Choice. Read and analyze each question. Write the letter that
corresponds to your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
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5. What would you do, if you want to have more space for the particle size to collide?
a. Increase the concentration c. Increase the volume
b. Increase the temperature d. Increase the surface area
6. If you want to increase the concentration of a gas reactant, what would you do?
a. Decrease the space of the gas c. Expand the surface are of the
container. gas container.
b. Increase the space of the gas d. Remove the cover of the gas
container. container.
8. Explain why the temperature of reaction increases and the rate of reaction
increases as well.
a. The particles are in contact c. The reactant molecules
and have less activation energy. collide more frequently and with
b. The activation energy is high energy per collision.
decreased d. The reactant molecules
collide less frequently and with
low high energy per collision
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Additional Activities
Answer the following word problems below. Use another sheet of paper for your
solution and answer.
When water breaks into its components, the products are hydrogen and oxygen.
1. Based on the above decomposition process, present and balance the chemical
equation.
3. How fast is water (H2O) decreasing when oxygen (O2) is increasing at 2.5 x 10-3
mol/L.s?
4. How fast is oxygen (O2) is increasing when hydrogen (H2) is increasing at 4.25
x10-4 mol/L.s?
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What’s more:
Additional activities: Assessment: What can I Do:
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. C
5. D
6. A
7. B
8. C
9. A
10. B
What is It: What’s In What I Know:
1. C 1. Based from the 1. Chemical
2. D above figures, kinetics
3. E particles combined 2. Rate of reaction
4. B to produce new 3. Collision theory
5. A particles. Some 4. Catalyst
particles separate 5. Activation energy
while other particle’s
partner have
exchanged.
Answer Key
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References
Chang, R. Chemistry 8th Edition. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the
Americas, New York, NY 10029, 2005.
Dorin, H., Demmin, P.E., & Gabel D.L. Prentice Hall Chemistry: The Study of
Matter 3rd Edition. Prentice Hall, Inc. Needham, Massachusetts Englewood
Cliffs, New Jersey, 1990.
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