2.

Indefinite Numeral Adjective: Noun Gi Awbw`©ó eySvq|

e.g. All men must die. GKBfv‡e, some, several many few, no BZ¨vw`|
Pronominal adjective: Pronoun hLb †Kv‡bv noun Gi c~‡e© e‡m Adjective Gi gZ KvR K‡i| Pronominal Adjective-Gi
5wU fvM i‡q‡Q
1. Demonstrative Adjective: Demonstrative pronoun (this, that, these, those, the same, such) hLb noun Gi
c~‡e© e‡m Zv‡K modify K‡I A_©vZ adjective Gi gZ KvR K‡i| e.g. This/That pen is mine. I saw those flowers.
2. Distributive Adjective: Distributive Pronoun (each, every, either, neither) hLb Noun Gi c~‡e© e‡m Zv‡K
modify K‡i Ges adjective Gig Z KvR K‡i| Distributive adjective wn‡m‡e cÖ‡Z¨K A‡Z© Each/Every, `yBwUi
cÖ‡Z¨KwU A‡_© Either Ges `yBwUb †KvbwUB bq A‡_© Neither e¨eüZ nq| e.g. Neither/Either report is true.
3. Interrogative Adjective: Interrogative Pronoun (what, which, whose) hLb Noun Gi c~‡e© e‡m cÖkœ K‡i Ges
G‡K modify K‡i | e.g. which colour do you like best? What way do you follow to go home?
4. Possessive Adjective: Possessive Pronoun (my, his, her, your, their, its) hLb Noun Gi c~‡e© e‡m adjective Gi
gZ KvR K‡i| Possessive Adjective mvaviYZ gvwjKvbv (possession) †evSv‡Z e¨eüZ nq| e.g. This is his/my/her car.
5. Indefinite Adjective: †Kvb Indefinite Pronoun (Some, A Few, Many, One, All, Any, Several BZ¨vw`) hLb ‘Noun’ Gi c~‡e©
e‡m G‡K we‡kwlZ K‡i ZLb Zv‡K Indefinite Adjective e‡j| †hgb: All men must die. He is a man of few words.
 GQvov Av‡iv wKQz Adjective i‡q‡Q| wb‡¤œ Zv‡`i Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv|
 Relative Adjective: What, which, whose hLb ev‡K¨i ga¨eZ©x †Kv‡bv Noun Gi c~‡e© e‡m adjective Gi gZ KvR K‡i|
e.g. Atia asked which shirt I liked. Do you know whose it is?
 Emphasizing Adjective: Own Ges very kã `ywU †Rvim~PK (Emphasizing) adjective iƒ‡c e¨eüZ nq| e.g. He is my
own brother. I want this very thing.
 Exclamatory Adjective: What folly! What an idea! What a blessing!
 Proper Adjective: Proper noun ‡_‡K proper adjective nq| Proper Noun †_‡K †h Adjective ˆZwi n‡q Noun Gi c~‡e© e‡m
H Noun m¤^‡Ü Z_¨ cÖ`vb K‡i Zv‡K Proper Adjective e‡j| †hgb: Asian, African, Japanese, Indian, Chinese, French,
English, American, Bangladeshi, Shakespearean, Elizabethan etc.
Examples: (i) Bangladeshi students are doing well in the foreign countries.
(ii) A German citizen is always valued in Poland.
 Noun Adjective: GKvwaK noun cvkvcvwk _vK‡j †kl noun wU noun nq Ges c~‡e©i noun ¸wj adjective Gi KvR K‡i| †h
noun adjective Gi KvR K‡i †mwU plural n‡e bv|†hgb-
1. I read a five-page book.
2. She went for a three-day journey.
Adverb
Adverb: ‡h Word verb, adjective, adverb I Sentence ‡K modify (we‡klvwhZ) K‡i Zv‡K Adverb ejv nq|
Adverb n‡jv Ggb GKwU Part of speech hv ev‡K¨ Noun ev Pronoun e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †h †Kv‡bv Parts of speech Z_v cy‡iv evK¨‡KI
modify Ki‡Z cv‡i| wb‡¤œ D`vni‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ welqwU †`Lv‡bv n‡jv
Position in sentence Examples Description
1. Verb+Adv Rahim drives carefully. Verb ‡K Modify Ki‡Q
v 
adv
We did not go out because it was raining heavily.
2. Adv+Verb He always comes late. Verb ‡K Modify Ki‡Q
adv  v
3. A. v+Adv+M.V He has recently come here. Verb ‡K Modify Ki‡Q
 
a.v adv  m.v
4. Adv+Adj The food is extremelygood . Adjective ‡K Modify Ki‡Q

adv  adj
It was a rapidly changing situation
 
adv participle
5. Adv+Adv He learns languages incredibly quickly . Adverb ‡K Modify Ki‡Q

adv 
adv
6. Adv+Sentence Finally , he became the president of the committee. Sentence ‡K Modify Ki‡Q
adv 
Sentence
7. Adv+Preposition The bird flew exactly over our head. Preposition ‡K Modify Ki‡Q

adv  pre.
8. Adv+Conjuntion I dislike her simply because she is rude. Conjunction ‡K Modify Ki‡Q
adv  conj
 mvaviYZ ly, y, ally, wards, wise, ways BZ¨vw` suffix hy³ n‡q adverb MwVZ nq| †hgb: easy easily, nice  nicely,
wise  wisely, beautiful  beautifully, single  singly, basic  basically, home  homewards, other 
otherwise BZ¨vw`|
Rule-1: ‡ewki fvM adverbs MwVZ nq adjective+-ly Øviv †hgb: happy→ happily; nice→ nicely
Adjective + ly = Adverb
Noun + ly = Adjectives (e.g. cowardly, friendly, lively, lonely, brotherly, motherly),
 Exception: A‡bK mgq Noun + ly = Adverb n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb: Namely
 ‘ly’ hy³ adjective mg~n‡K ev‡K¨ adverb wn‡m‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡j Zv‡`i mv‡_ Avevi ‘ly’ ‡hvM bv K‡i eis wb‡¤œv³ structure Abyhvqx
e¨envi Ki‡Z nq|
In + a/an + Adjective with ly + fashion/manner/way
Example: (i) He smiled at me friendly/in a friendly way.
(ii) She waved her hands lively/ in a lively fashion.
(iii) He passed his married life happily/in a happy manner.
Rule-2: wKQz wKQz adverbs Gi `zwU iƒc Av‡Q| Avgiv `z‡UvB e¨envi Ki‡Z cvwi | i) †k‡l ly hz³ ii) †k‡l ly Qvov
Example: (i) I will be there as quickly/quick I can.
(ii) Try to sing loud/loudly in the last verse.
Cheap(ly) Clean(ly) Clear(ly) Fine(ly) Slow(ly) Thin(ly) Quick(ly)
Rule-3: Some words are both adjectives and adverbs. An interesting thing is that we find other adverbs with different
meanings when we add the suffix-ly to them. Here are the most important of these words.
Adjective Adverb Adverb
Close (wbKU, wbweo) Close (wbK‡U) Closely (wbweofv‡e)
Deep (Mfxi) Deep (Mfx‡i) Deeply (AZ¨šÍ, m¤ú~Y©fv‡e)
Fair (wbi‡c¶, b¨vqm½Z) Fair (b¨vqm½Zfv‡e) Fairly (‡gvUvgywU)
Hard (K‡Vvi) Hard (K‡Vvifv‡e) Hardly (K`vwPr)
High (DuPz) High (DuPz‡Z) Highly (AZ¨šÍ, cÖksmvi mv‡_)
Near (wbKU) Near (wbK‡U) Nearly (cÖvq)
Late (†`ix) Late (†`ix‡Z) Lately (m¤cÖwZ)
Short (msw¶ß) Short (nVvr) Shortly (kxNÖB)
Sharp (Zx¶è) Sharp (wVK) Sharply (KK©kfv‡e)
Rule-4: wKQz Word Av‡Q hv adjective I Adverb Df‡qi KvR-B K‡i| wb‡P Zvi GKwU †Uwej †`Iqv n‡jv
Adjective Adverbs
That is a very fast train. It goes very fast.
He has gone to the far East. We didn't walk very far.
It is a straight road. It runs straight for miles.
I am afraid he is not well. (healthy) He can sing well.
 Exercise: Choose the correct form
1. English and German are (close/closely) related. 10. They always get home (late/lately) on weekends.
2. Fortunately, my best friend lives very (close/closely) by. 11. You'll have to hit the ball quite (high/highly)
3. He did (fair/fairly) well in his examination. to get it over that net.
4. The athletes have been practicing very 12. The Concorde used to fly much (higher/highly)
(hard/hardly) for Athens. than most other airplanes.
5. I could (hard/hardly) hear him at the back. 13. He's very (high/highly) thought of within the
6. I've (near/nearly) finished the book you gave me. company.
7. My grandparents live quite (near/nearly). 14. Their son has been a (deep/deeply) disappointment
8. The car stopped (short/shortly) at the gate. to them.
9. I think you have spent too much money 15. He is (deep/deeply) grateful for our support.
(late/lately).
Answers: 1.closely; 2. close; 3. fairly; 4. hard; 5. hardly; 6.nearly; 7. near; 8.short; 9.lately; 10.late; 11.high;
12.higher; 13.highly; 14.deep; 15.deeply.
Adverb-Gi cÖKvi‡f`