1.

The Problem of Induction:

David Hume's problem of induction states that our beliefs about the future are not logically
deducible from our experiences in the past. In other words, just because something has
happened a certain way in the past, it does not logically guarantee that it will happen that way
in the future. Hume argues that our beliefs about cause-and-effect relationships are not based
on logic or necessity, but rather on habit and custom. This problem has significant
implications for our understanding of knowledge and the foundations of science.

Hume suggests that our expectations about the future are formed through our repeated
experiences of constant conjunctions between events. This repetition gives us a habit of
anticipating that events will continue to occur in the same manner. However, Hume argues
that this habit does not provide logical justification for our beliefs about the future. This has
led some philosophers to question the validity of inductive reasoning and the scientific
method.