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Piping Stress Analysis انجمن مهند
Piping Stress Analysis انجمن مهند
GENERAL SPECIFICATION
GS EP PVV 107
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Contents
1. Scope ....................................................................................................................... 4
2. Reference documents............................................................................................. 4
6. Design Conditions................................................................................................. 11
6.1 Design Pressure ..............................................................................................................11
6.2 Calculation Temperature .................................................................................................11
6.3 Thermal Effects................................................................................................................12
6.4 Snow loads - Ice ..............................................................................................................13
6.5 Dynamic Effects...............................................................................................................13
6.6 Weight Effects..................................................................................................................15
6.7 Effects of Supports and Structural Deflections ................................................................15
6.8 Hydrostatic test conditions...............................................................................................17
7. Caesar model......................................................................................................... 17
7.1 Boundary conditions ........................................................................................................17
7.2 Piping supports ................................................................................................................17
7.3 Thermal displacements....................................................................................................18
7.4 Imposed displacements ...................................................................................................18
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9. Acceptance Criteria............................................................................................... 20
9.1 Allowable stress...............................................................................................................20
9.2 Piping deformation...........................................................................................................21
9.3 Allowable loads on equipments .......................................................................................22
9.4 Support reaction ..............................................................................................................22
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1. Scope
This document sets the rules for the piping stress analysis of the process and utilities piping
systems of onshore and offshore petroleum installations.
Its scope is essentially the same as that of ASME Code B31.3. The following are specifically
excluded: onshore and offshore pipelines, furnaces and boilers piping, building heating and
ventilation piping, etc.
This document does not include the structural attachment between piping supports and the
main structure.
2. Reference documents
The reference documents listed below form an integral part of this General Specification. Unless
otherwise stipulated, the applicable version of these documents, including relevant appendices
and supplements, is the latest revision published at the EFFECTIVE DATE of the CONTRACT.
Process and utilities piping shall comply with the requirements of ASME Code B31.3.
This document clarifies or complements some requirements of ASME Code B31.3 when
deemed necessary considering COMPANY experience.
Piping systems covered by this specification shall be designed and analysed in accordance with
this Code and with the documents listed hereafter.
Any divergence between any of the Reference Documents, or between this specification and
any Reference Document, shall be reported to the COMPANY for decision. In such a case, and
unless otherwise agreed or decided by the COMPANY, it is understood that the more stringent
requirement shall apply.
Exceptions to, or deviations from this specification are not permitted unless previously accepted
in writing by the COMPANY. For this purpose, requests for substitutions or changes of any kind
shall be completed with all pertinent information required for the COMPANY assessment.
Standards
Reference Title
ASME B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings (NPS ½ through NPS 24)
ASME B16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges NPS 26 through NPS 60
Professional Documents
Reference Title
CONCAWE Report The prediction of noise radiated from pipe systems - an
n° 87/59 engineering procedure for plant design
EJMA Standards of the Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association
NEMA SM 23 Steam Turbines for Mechanical Drive Service
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Reference Title
WRC 107 Welding Research Council Bulletin 107 - Local Stresses in
Spherical and Cylindrical Shells due to External Loadings
WRC 297 Welding Research Council Bulletin 297 - Local Stresses in
Cylindrical Shells due to External Loadings on Nozzles -
Supplement to WRC Bulletin 107
Regulations
If the country of installation has its own regulation, it must be applied wherever more stringent
than the Basic Code.
Reference Title
Not applicable
Codes
Reference Title
API 520 Part 2 Sizing Selection and installation of Pressure relieving devices in
refineries
API 610 Centrifugal Pumps for General Refinery Service
API 617 Centrifugal Compressors for General Refinery Service
API 661 Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Service
API 662 Plate Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Service
API RP 2A-WSD Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing and Constructing
Fixed Offshore Platforms - Working Stress Design
ASME B31.1 Power Piping
ASME B31.3 Process Piping
ASME III Div. 1 Rules for Construction of Nuclear Facility Components
Subsection NB Class 1 Components
ASME VIII Div. 1 Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels
BS 7159 Design and Construction of Glass-Reinforced Plastics (GRP)
Piping Systems for Individual Plants or Sites
UKOOA Specifications and Recommended practice for the Use of Glass
Fibre Reinforced Plastic Piping Offshore
PD 5500 Specification for Unfired Fusion Welded Pressure Vessels
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Other documents
Reference Title
DNV RP C203 Fatigue Design of Offshore Steel Structures
Reference Title
GS EP PVV 111 Piping Design Specification
GS EP PVV 112 Piping Material Classes
GS EP PVV 119 Metallic Piping Support Design
GS EP PVV 149 Spring Hangers and Supports
GS EP PVV 178 Design and Erection of Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) Piping
System
GS EP PVV 211 Design and fabrication of pressure vessels according to ASME VIII
GS EP PVV 212 Design and fabrication of pressure vessels according to PD 5500
3. Design basis
3.1 General
Piping systems shall have sufficient flexibility to prevent thermal expansion or contraction from
causing:
• Failure of piping or supports from overstress or fatigue
• Leakage at joints
• Detrimental stresses or distortion in piping and valves or in connected equipment.
Piping systems shall be designed in accordance with the requirements of the ASME B31.3
Code and the present specification. They shall take into account all the different conditions
expected during their lifetime: operating conditions, environmental conditions, occasional and
accidental conditions.
All piping shall be adequately supported (anchors, guides, limit stop, etc.) to prevent excessive
stresses from the different expected conditions.
Pipe stress analysis shall be carried out at pressure and temperature conditions as stated in the
Critical Line List.
The purpose of this General Specification is to:
• Categorise piping systems into Critical stress levels
• Define criteria and coefficients so that loading conditions may be applied
• State allowable stress levels to ensure safe plant operations.
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3.3.4 Exemptions
A stress calculation needs not to be performed on the piping systems that meet one of the
following requirements according to ASME B31.3, paragraph 319.4.1:
• Piping systems which are duplicated, or are revised without significant changes of
successfully operating operations
• Piping systems which can be readily judged adequate by comparison with previously
analyzed systems.
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Lines of levels 2 and 3 to be calculated at Detailed Engineering shall be identified in the Critical
Line List. This Critical Line List shall be regularly updated in accordance with the possible
modifications.
In addition to the Appendix 1 (General Chart and Specific Cases), the following criteria shall be
considered in order to finalize the checking level:
• Lines having substantial concentrated loads such as valves, fittings, unsupported vertical
risers and branches
• 3” and larger closed pressure relief system piping, where design temperature exceeds
93°C (200°F) or is less than -73°C (-100°F)
• Lines having local reduction in strength due to installation of special fittings (i.e. oblique
connections)
• Piping 3” and larger connected to:
- Rotating equipment such as pumps, blowers and compressors
- Air cooler
- Plate and frame heat exchanger
- Gas turbine.
• Blowdown and flare header or vent piping, but not atmospheric vent piping
• Piping with pressure surge, slug and two phases flow
• Normally dry firewater piping and normally water-filled firewater ring main piping
• Piping subject to short term variations such as steam-out or purge piping
• Pig receiver and launcher lines up to and including off-shore riser support
• Relief valve or rupture disc piping reaction forces
• Expansion bellows
• Lines affected by deck deflection, platform settlement, wellhead movement or any other
significant displacement
• Lines subject to vacuum conditions
• Cryogenic lines:
- It is considered as cryogenic service all applications below -46°C
• Lines which may create large forces or moments on structure or skid base
• Unbalanced piping configuration, such as a long run of pipe with a short branch
connected to anchor
• Piping subjected to severe cyclic temperature conditions
• GRP lines larger than a diameter to be defined for each project
• Lines with special design requirements
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• In addition, the effect on piping of other conditions such as temperature gradients that
could cause thermal bowing or where piping is connected to equipment with significant
thermal growth
• Lines design to B31.3 chapter IX
• All piping with t > OD/6 or P/SE > 0.385
• 4” and larger with t > 10% OD
• Lines with OD/t > 120
Where:
• OD is the piping Outside Diameter
• t is the piping thickness
• P is the Design Pressure
• SE is the Allowable Stress as per defined in the ASME B31.3 code for the thickness
calculation.
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When small size lines (branch) connected to main lines (header) are to be calculated separately
(when branch diameter < half header diameter) the linear and angular movements of the
junction point shall be calculated or estimated for proper analysis of the branch line.
Axis for piping stress analysis shall be the same as for the structure calculation, normally:
All piping stress calculation notes of level 3 (or assimilated) shall be submitted to COMPANY
specialist for acceptance once the CONTRACTOR has approved them.
Input data for all Piping Stress Calculation Notes (in electronic files) will be transmitted to
COMPANY for check.
The computer outputs shall be submitted to the COMPANY for review.
5.4 Units
Unless otherwise specified by the Project requirements, the unit system shall be the metric
system.
6. Design Conditions
The following paragraphs detail the design conditions, the Caesar model, the load cases and
the acceptance criteria to be considered.
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The thermal displacement of the equipment nozzles shall be calculated using the relevant line
temperature. The temperature homogeneity shall be met between piping and equipment.
The operating temperature may be applied for the calculation of the loads on the supports.
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6.5.3 Wind
The effect of wind loading shall be taken into account in the design of an exposed piping
system. Wind will be taken in X or Y axis whichever is the more stringent according to the
prevailing wind direction.
Maximum wind speed shall be taken from the Project environment conditions. The wind shape
factor shall be 0.8 unless otherwise specified by the Project specifications.
Generally wind loads are derived from API RP2A WSD rules.
6.5.4 Earthquake
6.5.4.1 Accelerations
Piping shall be designed for earthquake-induced forces.
Generally the accelerations correspond to the seismic site conditions. Accelerations to be
considered shall be defined by the structure studies (platforms and racks).
Envelop values can be used on a first step however they shall comply with the structure final
calculations.
The structural deflections induced by the earthquake shall also be considered.
6.5.4.2 Deflections
Structural deflections and equipment displacements due to earthquake accelerations shall be
introduced in case of significant relative displacement.
Estimated values can be considered at the stage of the Basic Design in accordance with the
Project environment conditions.
However at final stage, the estimated values of the structures displacements shall be compared
with the results of the global calculation performed by the Structure discipline. If the final values
are higher than the preliminary one, piping stress analysis shall be rerun. Otherwise the
estimated values can be kept.
Differential displacements due to earthquake shall be considered.
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Acoustical induced vibrations shall be checked according to the CONCAWE report n° 87/59 or
to another relevant rule to submit to COMPANY.
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7. Caesar model
7.1 Boundary conditions
A level 2 line or a level 1 line connected to a level 3 line shall be included in input data of the
level 3 line calculation note with partial routing at the appreciation of Pipe Stress Engineer for
boundaries conditions only. These partially calculated lines shall not be included in the Critical
Line List.
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Any other specific piping support shall be submitted to COMPANY for acceptance.
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8. Load Cases
In view of their combinations such as to represent loading conditions, the loads shall be classed
according to the following principles.
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9. Acceptance Criteria
9.1 Allowable stress
Basic allowable stresses for piping materials shall be taken from the ASME B31.3:
• Sc: basic allowable stress at maximum (cold) temperature
• Sh: basic allowable stress at maximum (hot) temperature
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The allowable stress value for each calculated stress shall be taken as the following:
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• Piping shall not disengage from its supports (comparison of the piping displacements with
the supports length).
Any unusual loads or unusual support dimensions shall be specified and checked by the
Structure discipline (impact on the structure if any).
The design of the supports and their attachment to the main structure are not included in the
scope of the piping stress analysis. Such studies shall be detailed in another separate
document.
10.2.1 Scope
This method is applicable for all flanges connection (both on equipments and on piping system)
satisfying the following conditions:
• Type: Carbon steel and stainless steel Welding Neck flanges with metallic pipe and
vessels, rotating machines, valves, etc.
• Codes: ASME B16.5 and B16.47.
This method is not applicable to the following type connections: “Hub connectors”, “Proprietary
design”, Flanges on Wellhead (code API 6AF), etc.
For flanges out of hypothesis above, a full check by specific code shall be performed.
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Where:
Mf = Resultant Bending Moment in daN.m in Operating Conditions
FA = Axial Force in daN in Operating Conditions (ignore when compressive)
G = Effective Gasket Diameter in mm.
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If the equation is not satisfied, that is to say if Peq + P > PASME, then the isometric shall be
optimized:
• Change the location of the piping flanges
• Add or modify the supports in the vicinity of the flanges
• Modify the piping routing (where possible).
After these modifications, if the equation remains unsatisfied (Peq + P > PASME), then the
enhanced equivalent pressure method can be applied.
10.3.1 Scope
This method is applicable for all flanges connection (both on equipments and on piping system)
satisfying the following conditions:
• Type: Carbon steel and stainless steel Welding Neck flanges with metallic pipe and
vessels, rotating machines, valves, etc.
• Codes: ASME B16.5 and B16.47
• Important: this method is valid for temperature ≤ 120°C
• Duplex and Inconel Welding Neck flanges can be treated in the same way than Carbon
steel.
This method is not applicable to the following type connections: “Hub connectors”, “Proprietary
design”, Flanges on Wellhead (code API 6AF), etc.
For flanges out of hypothesis above, a full check by specific code shall be performed.
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Steel Structures or other code to submit to the COMPANY. Design fatigue factors for each
condition will be approved by COMPANY.
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A pseudo-static study shall be done for the water hammer effect. It shall be qualified and
quantified from the pump characteristics applicable on the piping system.
GRP supplier shall provide guaranteed allowable stresses σ in pipes, fittings and joints.
A reducing ratio shall then be defined and applied to each allowable stress σ. It results in an
allowable stress threshold value “X”.
The joints having a calculated stress value σcal exceeding the threshold “X” shall be considered
as critical joints and shall be made during the prefabrication.
All critical joints to be prefabricated shall be clearly identified on the isometrics.
12.1 General
The studies shall be supported by all the documents required for the complete definition of the
piping systems: piping stress analysis, loads on nozzles and supports, flange leakage check,
vibration analysis, fatigue assessment, blast, GRP, etc. This list is not exhaustive.
The assumptions and methods used at each stage of the calculations must be collected in a
document named “Piping Stress Design Basis” submitted to the COMPANY for approval before
starting any calculations. The CONTRACTOR should be responsible for collecting all the
necessary information as required from others (construction, transport, structure, equipments,
etc.).
All the results of the piping stress analysis shall be presented in a calculation note for each
system (including the computer outputs) and shall be submitted to the COMPANY.
CONTRACTOR shall constantly check that the isometrics used for the piping stress analysis
comply with the ones used for the design and for the fabrication: piping routing, components, in-
line items, supports, etc.
Unless otherwise specified by the Project requirements, the Calculation Notes shall be issued in
English.
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• Isometric layout of the complete piping system being analysed with supports
configuration
• CAESAR II input
• CAESAR restrain summary with forces, moments and displacements at supports
• CAESAR maximum stresses per load case
• Loads on equipment nozzles when exceed allowable criteria
• Additional requirements for acceptance (e.g.: branch connection reinforcements).
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- List of all load cases analysed with table showing % of allowable stress for each stress
and at which node this occurs (Maximum calculated stresses)
- Displacements, forces, moments and stresses at all supports, nozzles and particular
points of the piping system for all load case
- Nozzle equipment loads compliance
- Combination loads on pipe supports with cross reference to project pipe support
document
- The worst flanges verification Flange tightness compliance, with equivalent method or
ASME VIII method
- Dynamic compliance with slugs and fundamental natural frequency or subsequent
harmonics if connected to rotating equipment.
• Detailed Calculations
- Particular Calculations required to justify non compliance or vendor calculations
- Other verifications (if applicable): fatigue, vibration, blast analysis
- Additional requirements for acceptance (e.g.: branch connection reinforcements).
• CAESAR Input file
• Drawings
- Stress sketches, isometrics, marked up P+IDs, piping components e.g. valves,
meters, etc.
• CAESAR II output
• Conclusion, recommendations.
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Appendix 1
General Chart
Level 3
200
150
Level 2
100
50
-30
Level 2
-50
Level 3
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Appendix 1
Specific Cases
Notes:
(1) Above ambient temperature, the General Chart or the Specific Cases shall be applied
(2) GRP excluded
(3) Size to be confirmed for each project
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Appendix 2
x
z
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Appendix 2
x
z
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Appendix 3
Note 1: A check (of complete pressure in the flange or as per ASME VIII) shall be performed,
for all combinations flanges diameter/pressure rating not included in tables above
Note 2: For heterogeneous connections, check shall be performed with Stainless Steel table
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Appendix 3
Note 1: A check (of complete pressure in the flange or as per ASME VIII) shall be performed,
for all combinations flanges diameter/pressure rating not included in tables above
Note 2: For heterogeneous connections, check shall be performed with Stainless Steel table
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