14 Which methods of separation depend on the substances in a mixture having different boiling points? 15 16 15 A B c D ‘erystallisation and distlation ‘evaporation and filtration fractional distillation and chromatography fractional disilation and distillation Which row describes an element and a compound? element ‘compound contains more than ‘contains elements. ‘one type of atom chemically combined contains more than contains elements, ‘one type of atom mixed together contains only one contains elements: type of atom chemically combined contains only one contains elements: type of atom mixed together Potassium chloride is a solid, Hydrogen chloride is a gas. Which statement explains why potassium chloride has a much higher boiling point than hydrogen chloride? A B c D Covalent bonding is stronger than ionic bonding Covalent bonds are stronger than the attractive forces between molecules. tonic bonding is stronger than covalent bonding. lonic bonds are stronger than the attractive forces between molecules. Substance Z exists as molecules that contain only one type of atom. What is Z? A. acompound B amixture Cc anelement D_ anoble gas415 16 ‘What describes a solvent? A. a solid that dissolves in a liquid B the amount of solid that dissolves in a liquid © the liquid in which a solid dissolves D the mixture formed when a solid dissolves in a liquid ‘The formula of sodium phosphate is NasPO,, ‘The formula of aluminium chloride is AICI What is the formula of aluminium phosphate? A AIPO, B AUPO)) © ALAPO,)s DD ALP, 15. lodine is a non-metal. tis a solid at room temperature. ‘What Is a property of odine? Itcan be stretched into a wire. Itis brite, {tis @ good conductor of electricity. {tis @ good conductor of heat. come 16 The atomic number of argon is 18. The mass number of argon is 40. How many protons, neutrons and electrons are in an argon atom? protons | neutrons | electrons al ie 2a 18 B18 2 2 ec) 2 8 18 pl 2 18 2 17 Which dot-and-cross diagram represents the bonding in nitrogen? N2 Fig, 2.1 shows only the outer shell electrons in atoms of elements X, Y and Z. Fig.2.4 (a) State which element, X, ¥ or Z, is a halogen. Explain your answer. element ‘explanation io] (6) Table 2.1 shows the formula and some information about substances which contain the elements X, ¥ and 2. Table 2.1 formula sale at room temperature other information xz, solid lonic compound x solid metal Y gas exists as single atoms gas exists as molecules (0) Use the information in Fig. 2.1 and Table 2.1 to identify the group of the Periodic Table to which element X belongs. Explain your answer. group explanation(ii) Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the outer shell electrons in a molecule of Zp. a Astudent 9 that element X is lithium. Use the information in Table 2.1 to explain why element X cannot be lithium. (iv) Identify element X. a) [Total: 8]44. A mixture contains two liquids (One liquid has a boiling point of 120°C, ‘The other liquid has a boiling point of 160°C. ‘They are separated by fractional dstilation. te i rp oY BS heat heat heat P Q R Which apparatus is used to separate the two liquids? A PandQ B Ponly © Qony D Ronly2 The outer shell electrons in atoms of elements X, Y and Z are shown in Fig. 2.1 Fig. 2.4 (a) State the group of the Periodic Table in which element ¥ is placed. group (tl (b) State the charge on the ion formed from an atom of element Z. Explain your answer. charge ..... explanation ... ia) (c) Table 2.1 shows some information about substances which contain the elements X, Y and Z. Table 2.1 substance bonding structure element or compound XZ covalent simple molecules x covalent simple molecules Z, covalent simple molecules (i) Complete Table 2.1 to show whether each substance is an element or a compound. [1]2 (ii) Element ¥ is not in the same group of the Periodic Table as element X. Explain how information in Table 2.1 shows that elements X and ¥ are in different groups. (1) (iii) Identify element Y. i (iv) Put ticks (7) in the boxes to show which statements about Z, are true and which are false. statement true false ‘The bond between two atoms in Z, is a double bond The bonding in Z, is covalent. Z, molecules are diatomic. Zi non-metallic. (2) (v) The ionic solid XZ, contains ions of element X and ions of element Z. State the charge on each of these ions. Explain your answers. charge on an ion of element X charge on an ion of element Z explanation 8 [Total: 10]