Rotor ekor dari satu pesawat helikopter

mengalami masalah tidak balans sebesar

0,5 kg pada jarak 15 cm dari pusat rotor
tersebut akibat tertumbuk suatu benda tak
diketahui. Ketidak balans itu menimbulkan
gaya sentrifugal harmonik terhadap bagian
ekor dari pesawat helikopter yang
mempunyai massa 60 kg. Konstanta
kekakuannya diperkirakan sebesar k =
1×105 N/m. Massa rotor ekor adalah sebesar 20 kg. Konstruksi ekor pesawat
helikopter memberikan efek peredaman dengan rasio redaman 0,01. Kecepatan
putaran rotor ekor adalah 1500 rpm.
Hitung berapa besar defleksi yang terjadi pada ekor pesawat helikopter ini karena
getaran yang timbul akibat ketidak balans rotor ekor tersebut diatas. Pada putaran
rotor ekor berapa yang mengakibatkan defleksi ekor pesawat helikopter menjadi
maksimum. Hitung berapa besarnya defleksi maksimum itu.
The 30-kg electric motor is
supported by four springs, each
having a stiffness of 200 N/m. if the
rotor R is unbalanced such that its
effect is equivalent to a 4-kg mass
located 60 mm from the axis of
rotation, determine the amplitude of
vibration when the rotor is turning at
ω = 10 rad/s. The damping ratio is
c/cc = 0.15
• The periodic force which causes
the motor to vibrate is the
centrifugal force due to the
unbalanced rotor
• This force has a constant
magnitude of
F0 = man = mrω = 4(0.06)(10)2 = 24 N
2

• Since F = F0 sin ωt, where ω = 10

rad/s, then
F = 24 sin 10 t
• The stiffness of the entire system of
four springs is k = 4(200) = 800
N/m
• Therefore the natural frequency of
vibration is
k 800
ωn = = = 5 .16 rad / s
m 30
• Since the damping factor is known,
the steady-state amplitude is

F0 / k
C′ = =10.7 mm
[1 − (ω / ωn ) ] + [2(c / cc )(ω / ωn )]2
22
 2- 36

Problems and Solutions Section 2.5 (2.43 through 2.50)

2.43 A lathe can be modeled as an electric motor mounted on a steel table. The table plus the
motor have a mass of 50 kg. The rotating parts of the lathe have a mass of 5 kg at a
distance 0.1 m from the center. The damping ratio of the system is measured to be ζ =
0.06 (viscous damping) and its natural frequency is 7.5 Hz. Calculate the amplitude of
the steady-state displacement of the motor, assuming ω r = 30 Hz.

Soltuion:
Given: m = 50 kg, mo = 5 , e = 0.1m, ζ = 0.06 , ω n = 7.5 Hz
Let ω r =30 Hz
ω
So, r = r = 4
ωn
From Equation 2.51,
me r2 (5)(0.1) 42
X = o =
m (1 − r 2 ) 2 + (2ζr ) 2 50 (1 − 4 2 ) 2 + [2(0.06)(4)]− 2
X = 0.011m
X = 1.1 cm

2.44 The system of Figure 2.15 produces a forced oscillation of varying frequency. As the
frequency is changed, it is noted that at resonance, the amplitude of the displacement is
10 mm. As the frequency is increased several decades past resonance the amplitude of
the displacement remains fixed at 1 mm. Estimate the damping ratio for the system.

Solution: Equation 2.75 is

me r2
X = o
m (1 − r 2 ) 2 + (2ζr ) 2
mo e 1
At resonance, X = 10 mm =
m 2ζ
10m 1
=
mo e 2ζ
Xm
When r is very large, = 1 and X = 1 mm, so
mo e
m
=1
mo e

Therefore, 10(1) = 1
2ζ
ζ = 0.05
 2- 37

2.45 An electric motor (Figure P2.45) has an eccentric mass of 10 kg and is set on two
identical springs (k = 3.2 N/mm). The motor runs at 1750 rpm, and the mass eccentricity
is 100 mm from the center. The springs are mounted 250 mm apart with the motor shaft
in the center. Neglect damping and determine the force transmissibility ratio for vertical
vibration.

m e 100 mm
k 3.2 N/mm
e rt
m 10 kg

k k
;;;;
;;;
;;;
;;;
;;;
;;;
;;;
125 mm 125 mm
Solution:
2π
Given m = 10 kg, k =3.2 N/mm, d = 250 mm, ω r = 1750( ) = 183.3 rad/s, e = 100 mm
60
Vertical vibration:

2(3.2)(1000)
ωn = = 25.3 rad/s
10
ω 183.3
r= r = = 7.24
ω n 25.3
1 + (2ζr ) 2 1
TR = = = 0.019
(1 − r ) + (2ζr )
2 2 2
[1 − 7.24 2 ] 2

2.46 Consider a system with rotating unbalance as illustrated in Figure P2.45. The deflection
at resonance is 0.05 m and the damping ratio is measured to be ζ = 0.1. The out-of-
balance mass is estimated to be 10%. Located the unbalanced mass by estimating e.

Solution: Given: X = 0.05 m, ζ = 0.1, me = 0.1m, ω = ω r

Rotating unbalance (Equation 2.75):
mo e r2
X =
m (1 − r 2 ) 2 + (2ζr ) 2

0.05 = (0.1m)e 1
m 2(0.1)(1)
e = 0.1m
 2- 38

2.47 A fan of 45 kg has an unbalance that creates a harmonic force. A spring-damper system
is designed to minimize the force transmitted to the base of the fan. A damper is used
having a damping ratio of ζ = 0.2. Calculate the required spring stiffness so that only
10% of the force is transmitted to the ground when the fan is running at 10,000 rpm.

Solution: The equation of motion of the fan is

mx˙˙ + cx˙ + kx = m0 eω 2 sin(ωt + θ )
The steady state solution as given by equation (2.75) is
me r2
x (t ) = 0 sin ωt
m (1 − r 2 ) + (2ζr )2
where r is the standard frequency ratio. The force transmitted to the ground is
me kr 2 m0 e cωr 2
F(t ) = kx + cx˙ = 0 sin ωt + cos ωt
m (1 − r 2 ) + (2ζr )2 m (1 − r 2 ) + (2ζr )2
Taking the magnitude of this quantity, the magnitude of the force transmitted becomes
m e r 2 k 2 + c 2ω 2 1 + (2ζr )2
F0 = 0 = m 0 eω
m (1 − r 2 )2 + (2ζω )2 (1 − r 2 )2 + (2ζω )2
From equation (2.73) the magnitude of the force generated by the rotating mass Fr is
Fr = m0 eω 2
The limitation stated in the problem is that F0 = 0.1Fr, or
1 + (2ζr )2
m0 eω 2 = 0.1m0 eω 2
(1 − r ) + (2ζω )
2 2 2

Setting ζ = 0.2 and solving for r yields:

r 4 − 17.84r 2 − 99 = 0
which yields only one positive solution for r2, which is
ω2 k  3000 × 2π 
2
1
r = 22.28 =
2
⇒ =
k m  60  22.28
m
3000 × 2π 
2
⇒ k = 45
1
= 2 × 10 5 N/m
 60  22.28
 2- 39

2.48 Plot the normalized displacement magnitude versus the frequency ratio for the out of
balance problem (i.e., repeat Figure 2.17) for the case of ζ = 0.05.

Solution: Working in Mathcad using equation 2.75 yields:

 2- 40

2.49 Consider a typical unbalanced machine problem as given in Figure P2.49 with a machine
mass of 120 kg, a mount stiffness of 800 kN/m and a damping value of 500 kg/s. The out
of balance force is measured to be 374 N at a running speed of 3000 rev/min. a)
Determine the amplitude of motion due to the out of balance. b) If the out of balance
mass is estimated to be 1% of the total mass, estimate the value of the e.

Guide Guide

x(t)
Machine of total mass m
m0
e
ωrt

Rubber floor mounting Friction free

k modeled as a spring c surface
and a damper

Figure P2.49 Typical unbalance machine problem.

Solution:
a) Using equation (2.75) with m0e = F0/ωr2 yields:

b) Use the fact that F0= m0eωr2 to get

in meters.
 2- 41

2.50 Plot the response of the mass in Problem 2.49 assuming zero initial conditions.

Solution: The steady state response is the particular solution given by equation (2.74)
and is plotted here in Mathcad: