Windows Domain

-Windows Domain has been around since windows

NT (1993)
-Allow administrators to manage large computer
networks
-Generally contain    a large number of computers on
the same network

Windows Domain Controller

-Often refer to as a DC
- Any server with the AD DS role
-Responds to security authentication request
-Contains Active Directory and Group Policy
When you need to create a new user account or
change domain policy, this is all done from a
Domain Controller . You can add several domain
controller within a domain but there is only one
primary or main domain controller

The primary reason for having more than one reason

is because of:
-Fault Tolerance
- Critical Data is replicated between the DCs

Domain Controller uses a tools called Active

Directory Users and Computers, commonly referred to as
AD or Active Directory. This tool is not only use to
manage Users (Usernames and password) and Computers,
but it also act as a Directory Server for resource on
your network like Printers and Files Shares

For Example: When a Domain user searches for a

printer to install, they will find all the printers that have
been added to the Domain Controller with Active
Directory.

AD is a tool to manage Domain Users, Computer,

Printers Files Shares Groups and more…. These are all
consider AD Object.

Group Contain Members which can be any valid AD

Object, the users, computers, etc..
By default there are several group that come with
AD, like Domain Admins, Domain Users and many
more…

All of these AD objects are store in a folder called

OUs (Organizational Units) are use to group objects.

Group Policy Management

-Used to manage all domain user and computer
settings remotely
-Uses Group Policy Objects (GPOs) to manage client
settings
-Target specific users, computers, groups or OUs
-Install software remotely
 -Configure desktop background
-Manage what website they can visit
-Manage and configure security settings

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

DHCP - Is a network protocol that allow a
particular server to assign TCP/IP configuration
automatically to clients computer on the same network. In
a windows world you need to install the DHCP
Server Role on a windows server in order for it have this
functionality on your network.
-Allows Automatic TCP/IP Address Configuration
-DHCP Lease
.TCP/IP Configuration are leased for a period of time
When the DHCP Lease is expiry the client computer
much reach back to the DHCP Server to renew it existing
lease or should receive an entirely new configuration and
lease.

-Previously manual TCP/IP Configuration was required

for each computer
.Waste of time and User errors

DHCP Example:
Jim is taking a trip and he has arrive at a Hotel, he walk
inside the hotel and ask the Front Officer for a room. The
Front Officer than check the Hotel Management System
to see if there are rooms available and she found out that
all the room on the top floor are closed because they were
just painted, that is an example of DHCP Exclusion. A
rooms or IP Addresses that cannot be handle over to
clients, The Front Officer find out the three bottom room
has been reserved so she cannot give those rooms to Jim
either; This is an example of DHCP Reservation. The
people are not in the room yet but the IP Addresses has
not been taken necessary but they cannot be handle out
yet because they have been reserved for other people or
computer.

Now just Because the IP Addresses or rooms have been

reserved that does not means they are not in use, All it
means is that no one can go into this room or use this IP
Address because it is reserved for another client or
computer. The Front Officer also knows that rooms 104,
105, 201 are occupied so she cannot give any of those
rooms to Jim either, this is an example of computers just
taking IP Addresses from DHCP Server has they are
available. Finally she sees that she can give Jim room 202
for one week, now the one week is equivalent to a DHCP
Lease; you can specify when you configure DHCP to how
long clients computers can stay in a room or they can
keep an IP Address. By default it is eight (8) days, That
does not apply to those who reserved IP Addresses.

Reservation and DHCP are indefinite and are DHCP lease

are not apply to reservations. Jim accept the room and
move inside, The Front Officer now update the hotel
management system that there is now a person in room
202; so the next client that will get at the desk of the The
Front Officer will not get room 202. DHCP does the same
thing when it handle over a client IP Address to a client, it
remembers that it give this IP Address to this computer
and it will not handle over that same IP Address to
another client. At the end of the week if Jim decided that
he want stay in the hotel, he has to go back to the The
Front Officer and ask for another week, The Front Officer
can either give he another week in his existing room or
she can assign him a new room for another week. DHCP
work very similar to how a hotel work.