Logical Fallacies - A STATEMENT THAT APPEARS CORRECT BUT WRONG IF ANALYZED.

ARGUMENTUM AD HOMINEM attack on the person rather The person running for mayor in
than on the argument or issue. our town should not be voted
because he is ugly.
ARGUMENTUM AD Use of a person’s authority , It is okay to make use brand y
VERECUNDIAM expertise or popularity to make because Judy Ann Santos
an assertion more credible believes in this product
ARGUMENTUM AD Use of pity or sympathy or Students should not fail in any
MISERICORDIAM simply appealing to emotion. course because their parents
It is also referred to as the are working hard to send them
fallacy of pity. In order to make to school
a statement believable or
agreeable the writer appeals to
the emotion of the reader

ARGUMENTUM AD POPULUM Believing that the majority is The SHS students should no
always right. This fallacy is also longer have classes during on
referred to as the band wagon the day of Paskuhan since
mentality. Argumentum ad almost all of the other colleges
Populum is committed when a have already cancelled theirs.
statement is asserted as true
simply because a majority
believes that it is true. Not
everything the majority does is
necessarily true
ARGUMENTUM AD Absence of knowledge on an San Carlos is the oldest
IGNORANTIAM issue is used against the person university in Asia because a
to make a statement Thomasian who was
correct interviewed could not give a
proof of that.
Fallacy of Post hoc; ergo, Connecting one event to An earthquake occurred
propter hoc another when there may be no because Donald Trump won the
connection at all. election.
FALLACY OF COMPLEX Something that appears to only A parent asking his child who
QUESTION have one question when there came late asked, “how long did
could be two or more. you stay in your friend’s
Fallacy of complex question is a house?”
question that contains some
hidden questions and if these
fallacious question is answered,
the hidden statement or
question is assumed to be true.
Like for example after taking the
exam you will be asked, did you
have a hard time cheating in the
 exam? And then you answer
yes, and immediately, the
interpretation of that is that you
indeed cheated.
Fallacy of Petitio Principii The thing to be proved is the Business administration is
one asserted as true. concerned mainly with concepts
Circular Reasoning related to business
ARGUMENTUM AD BACULUM Press an issue using one’s Follow my instructions without
authority any hesitations; I am your boss
FALLACY OF ADVANTAGE Force an issue in exchange for Don’t tell your Prof. that I said
something; blackmailing this or I will fail you
FALLACY OF COMPOSITION What is true to the individual The sole of his shoes is
parts is applied to the whole decorated with embossed
abstract designs; its insides
must also have more intricate
designs.
FALLACY OF DIVISION WHAT IS TRUE TO THE WHOLE HE SPENT MILLIONS FOR HIS
IS APPLIED AS TRUE TO THE HOUSE AND LOT; HIS
INDIVIDUAL PARTS FURNITURE MUST BE WORTH
OF MILLIONS TOO.
FALLACY OF ACCIDENT A GENERAL RULE IS APPLIED TO NO ONE IS ALLOWED TO GO
THE CIRCUMSTANTIAL CASES OUT DURING CLASS
DISCUSSIONS; THUS, WHEN
THERE IS AN EARTHQUAKE,
EVERYONE IS EXPECTED O STAY
IN THE CLASSROOM.
FALLACY OF CONVERSE A GENERAL RULE IS GIVEN THE GUARD DID NOT LET THE
ACCIDENT BASED ON CIRCUMSTANTIAL TOURIST ENTER THE STORE
CASES. BECAUSE OF HE HAD DRINKS
WITH HIM; FOREIGNERS ARE
NOT ALLOWED TO ENTER IN
THAT STORE.
FALLACY OF ACCENT STATEMENTS THAT LACK 1. THE FOUL MESSAGE OF
PUNCTUATIONS AND BECOME THE LETTER WAS NOT
OPEN FOR MANY FOR ME. I RESENT IT. (I
INTERPRETATIONS/ could refer to the letter
STATEMENTS CONTAINING A or the foul message)
WORD WHICH MAY BE 2. PLEASE DON’T STOP
INTERPRETED IN MORE WAYS KISSING ME.
THAN ONE. 3. A WOMAN WITHOUT
HER MAN IS NOTHING
FALLACY OF AMPHIBOLY MISPLACED AND DANGLING 1. LOOKING AT THE MAP,
MODIFIERS THE CAR WAS TURNED
TO THE RIGHT BY
MARK.

2. LOOKING AT THE MAP,

 THE CAR WAS TURNED
TO THE RIGHT
FALLACY OF EQUIVOCATION USE OF THE SAME WORD TWICE 1. THEY KEEP ON
BUT WITH DIFF. MEANINGS LAUGHING AT HIM
WHEN THEY SAW HIM
SPOKE TO THE SPOKE
OF THE WHEEL.
2. I HAVE SEEN THAT
SCENE BEFORE.