Army SPL Subj SD SW

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1 KERALA GIRLS BN NCC TRIVANDRUM
STUDY MATERIALS SD/SW
SPECIALISED SUBJECT
Prepared by Maj WV Sohsten Page 1

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ARMED FORCES (AF)

CHAPTER 1 ARMY, POLICE AND CENTRAL ARMED POLICE FORCES CAPF)
1. How many commands are there in Army name them with Location?
(a) HQ Central Command, Lucknow (b) HQ Eastern Command, Calcutta;
(c) HQ Northern Command, Udhampur (d) HQ Western Command, Chandimandir
(e) HQ Southern Command, Pune. (f) HQ, South Western Command, Jaipur
(g) HQ, Army Training Command, Shimla
2. The Navy is organised into how many commands?

Three Commands.
(a) Western Naval Command- Mumbai
(b) Eastern Naval Command – Vishakhapatnam
(c) Southern Naval Command-Kochi
3. What are the Seven commands of the Indian Air Force?

(a) Western Air Command – New Delhi
(b) Central Air Command- Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh
(c) Eastern Air Command- Shillong Meghalaya
(d) South Western Air Command- Gandhinagar, Gujarat
(e) Southern Air Command- Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
(f) Training Command – Bangalore Karnataka
(g) Maintenance Command- Nagpur Maharashtra
4. Name the three branches staff of Air Headquarters?

(a) Air Staff branch. (b) Administrative branch. (c) Maintenance branch.
5. How many branches are the in Central Armed Police Forces?

(a) Border Security Force. (b) Central Industrial Security Force.
(c) Central Reserve Police Force. (d) Indo-Tibetan Border Police.
(e) National Security Guards. (f) Special Protection Group.
(g) Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB). (h) Assam Rifles (AR).
6. What are the institutes of the Police Central Investigation and Intelligence?
(a) Central Bureau of Investigation.
(b) Indian Income-tax Department.
(c) Directorate of Revenue Intelligence.
(d) Central Economic Intelligence Bureau.
(e) Directorate General of Central Excise Intelligence.
(f) National Investigation Agency.
(g) Narcotics Control Bureau.
(h) Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPRD).
(j) National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB).
7. Name the Central Forensic Institutions of Police Organisations?

(a) Central Forensic Science Laboratory.
(b) LNJN National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Sciences (LNJN-NICFS).
8. Write the equivalent rank of Army, Navy and Air Force Officer:
ARMY NAVY AIR FORCE
Field Marshal Admiral of the Fleet Marshal of the Air force
General Admiral Air Chief Marshal
Lieutenant General Vice Admiral Air Marshal
Major General Rear Admiral Air Vice Marshal
Brigadier Commodore Air Commodore

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Colonel Captain IN Group Commander

Lieutenant Colonel Commander Wing Commander
Major Lieutenant Commander Squadron Leader
Captain Lieutenant IN Flight Lieutenant
Lieutenant Sub Lieutenant Flying Officer
9. Write the equivalent rank of Army, Navy and Air Force of Junior Commissioned Officer (JCO):
ARMY NAVY AIR FORCE

Subedar Major Master Chief I Class Master Warrant Officer
Subedar Master Chief II Class Warrant Officer
Naib Subedar Chief Petty Officer Junior Warrant Officer
NCO’s
Havildar Petty Officer Sergeant
Naik Leading Seaman Corporal
Lance Naik Seaman I Class Leading Airman
Sepoy Seaman II Class Airman
10. Rank of Army, Navy and Air Force of Non Commissioned Officer (NCO):
ARMY NAVY AIR FORCE

Regimental Havildar Petty Officer Sergeant
Major/ Regimental
Daffadar major
Regtl Qtr Master/ Regtl Leading Seaman Corporal
Qtr Master Daffadar
Company Havildar Seaman-I Leading Aircraftsman
Major/Squadron
Daffadar Major
Coy QM Havildar/ Sqn Seaman- II Airman
QM Daffadar
Havildar/Daffadar
Naik/Daffadar
Lance Naik/Acting
Lance Daffadar
Sepoy/Sowar
11. Indian Armed Forces Honours and Awards can be divided into two categories. Name Them?
(a) Gallantry Awards (b) Non- Gallantry Awards
12. What are Gallantry awards given in the face of enemy?

(i) Param Vir Chakra (ii) Maha Vir Chakra
(iii) Vir Chakra (iv) Sena, Nao Sena and Vayu Sena Medal
(v) Mention in Despatches (vi) Chiefs of Staff Commendation card
13. What are Gallantry awards given other than in the face of enemy?
(i) Ashoka Chakra (ii) Kirti Chakra (iii) Shaurya Chakra
14. What are Non- Gallantry Awards?

(a) Bharat Ratna (b) Padma Vibhushan
(c) Padma Bhushan (d) Sarvottam Yudh Seva Medal
(e) Param Vishisht Seva Medal (f) Padam Shri
(g) Sarvottam Jeevan Rakasha Padak (h) Uttam Yudh Seva Medal
(j) Ati Vishisht Sena Medal
(k) President’s Police and Fire Service Medal for Gallantry

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(l) President’s Police Medal For Gallantry

(m) President’s Fire Service Medal For Gallantry
(n) President’s Home Guards and Civil Defence Medal For Gallantry
(o) President’s Correctional Service Medal For Gallantry
(q) Yuddh Seva Medal (r) Vishisht Seva Medal.
15. What are the awards given NCC?

(a) Raksha Mantri’s Padak (b) Raksha Mantri’s Prashansa Patra
(c) Raksha Sachiv’s Prashnsa Patra (d) Maha Nideshk’s Prashansa Patra
(e) Maha Nideshak’s Prashansa Patra To Civilion Personnel
16. Param Vir Chakra and Ashok Chakra is the most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre-
eminent act of valour or self sacrifice, in the presence of the enemy, whether on land, at sea , or in
the air.
17. Vir Chakra is an award given for the acts of gallantry in the presence of enemy, whether on land or
at sea or in the air.
18. Param Vishisht Seva Medal is given to all ranks of the Armed Force including Territorial Army units,
Auxiliary and Reserve Force (When embodied ) and the Nursing Service in the Armed forces.
19. Yuddh Seva Medal is awarded for distinguished service of a high order during
war/conflict/hostilities.
20. Sena Medal is awarded for such individual acts of exceptional devotion to duty or courage as have
special significance for the Army Navy and Air Force.
21. What are the combat command of the Indian Army?

Corps, Division and Brigades. These are commanded by an Officer of the rank of Lieutenant
General, Major General and Brigadier respectively.
22. What are the major categories of army based on their role?
(a) Fighting arms - Armour, Infantry and Mechanised Infantry.
(b) Supporting Arms- Artillery, Engineers, Army Aviation, Army Air Defence and
Signals.
(c) Supporting Services – Army Service Corps, Army Medical Corps, Army
Ordnance Corps, Corps of Electronic and Mechanical Engineers etc.
23. What is the role of Infantry?

Infantry is essential an arm of close combat. Its role in attack is to close with enemy and destroy or
capture him; in defence it is to hold against all forms of attacks by the enemy
24. What are the main characteristics of Infantry?

(a) Self Reliance (b) Ability to Hold Ground
(c) Adaptability (d) Mobility
25. What are the Vulnerability of Infantry in the face of the enemy?
Infantry is responsible for its own protection at all times. It is vulnerable to the following: -
(a) Ground Action (b) Air Attack (c) Anti Personnel Mines
26. What is the role of Armour?

The role of armour is to destroy the enemy by relentless, mobile, offensive action, both in offensive
and defensive operations

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27. What are Principles of Employment in Armour?

(a) Offensive Action (b) Concentration (c) Economy of Force
(d) Surprise (e) Flexibility (f) Cooperation (g) Speed
28. What is the Primary Role mechanised infantry?
The primary role of the mechanised infantry is to close with the enemy in coordination with armour
and destroy or capture the enemy.
29. What is the Second role of mechanized Infantry?

(a) Mop up ground over-run by armour.
(b) Hold ground temporarily.
(c) Reconnaissance.
(d) Establish a bridgehead across an anti-tank obstacle for rapid exploitation by armour.
(e) Could be used for spoiling attack or a deliberate counter attack.
(f) For counter infiltration and against para and heliborne landings.
30. What are the tasks of Artillery?

(i) To provide heavy volume of fire at long ranges to damage and destroy enemy positions
before it can be physically captured and occupied by own forces.
(ii) To provide fire support to advancing Infantry in offensive operations and defensive support
to keep enemy head down with shocking Firepower.
(iii) To carry out surveillance and target acquisition to conduct counter bombardment and
counter mortar.
(iv) To provide fire support to fighting arms
31. What are the tasks of Engineers?

(a) To provide mobility to own forces by constructing bridges, tracks and helipads; on the other
hand the Corps denies the same to the enemy by creating obstacles such as laying mine-
fields and demolition of bridges.
(b) To lay mine fields during War and also demining and maintenance of records thereof.
(c) To create water resources during operations.
(d) To assist in transportation of explosives and undertake bomb disposal activities during
peace and war.
32. What are the task of Army Air Defence (AAD)?

(a) To safeguard against hostile aircrafts, helicopters and drones attacking high values targets
including Fighting Arms.
(b) To ensure early detection and destruction of enemy aircrafts before they release
ammunition.
33. What are the responsibilities of Army Service Corps (ASC)?

(i) For the supply and provision of ration to the Army during peace and war.
(ii) To provide fuel oil and lubricants to the entire Army.
(iii) To provide transport for conveyance of troops during movement.
(iv) Transportation of heavy equipment and machineries including ammunition during war.
34. Expand the following abbreviations:

(a) AAD - Army Air Defence
(b) AAC - Army Aviation Corps
(c) ASC - Army Service Corps
(d) AMC - Army Medical Corps
(e) AOC - Army Ordnance Corps
(f) EME - Corps of Electrical & Mechanical Engineers
(g) RVC - Remount and Veterinary Corps
(h) AEC - Army Education Corps
(j) CMP - The Corps of Military Police
(k) APTC - Army Physical Training Corps
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35. What are the role and task of Assam Rifles (AR)?
Assam Rifles (AR) is the oldest paramilitary force in India whose primary role is to protect part of
India’s North eastern borders and also the internal security also. It also maintained law and order in
the tribal areas. The organisation is headed by DGAR appointed from Serving Regular Army cadre.
The personnel are recruited from all over India in all ranks and Officers are from the regular army
and also from Assam Rifles cadre.
36. What are the role and task of Border Security Force?
The Indian Border Security Force (BSF) is responsible for policing India's land borders during
peacetime and preventing trans-border crimes along Pakistan and Bangladesh. It is a central police
force operating under the MHA. It performs a variety of duties ranging from VIP security to election
duties, from guarding of vital installations to counter-Naxal operations etc.
37. What are the role and task of Central Industrial Security Force?
The primary task of CISF is providing industrial security. The Central Industrial Security Force
(CISF) guards industrial installations around the country owned by the Central government as well
as securing seaports and airports. The CISF also provides security to certain NGOs. They provide
security for atomic power plants, space installations, mints, oil fields and refineries, major ports,
heavy engineering plants, steel plants, barrages, fertilizer units, airports, hydroelectric/thermal
power plants and other installations partially or wholly run by the government.
38. What are the role and task of Central Reserve Police Force?
The Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) is one of the largest Central Police organizations in the
world. Its main objective is to assist and help states and union territories' law enforcement agencies
in maintaining law and order and to contain insurgency. It is also deployed as an anti-terrorist unit in
various regions. It is even operating abroad as part of United Nations peacekeeping missions. It
performs a variety of duties ranging from VIP security to election duties, from guarding of vital
installations to the counter-Naxal operations etc.
39. What are the role and task of Indo-Tibetan Border Police?
The Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) is responsible for security along the Indo-Tibetan Border.
The ITBP personnel are trained in the fields of law and order, military tactics, jungle warfare,
counter-insurgency, and internal security ITBP is an elite and agile force. It is involved in war-time
and peace-time duties at the border and the surrounding areas.
40. What are the role and task of National Security Guards?
The National Security Guards (NSG) is a commando unit originally created for counter-terrorism and
hostage rescue missions. Raised in 1986, it is popularly known as the "Black Cats" for the uniform
worn by its operators. The NSG draws its core members from the Indian Army and the balance
support staff from various central police units. It is India's premier counter-terror outfit and is
typically deployed in situations that would be beyond the capabilities of regular police units. An NSG
team with a dedicated transport aircraft is always stationed at Palam airport in New Delhi, ready to
deploy in 30 minutes. The NSG has also been increasingly tasked with the protection of VIPs.
41. What are the role and task of Special Protection Group?
The Special Protection Group (SPG) is the executive protection agency of the Government of India.
It provides the security 24 by 7 all over India to Prime Minister including ex-prime Ministers and their
Family Members at any location across India.
42. What are the entry offer in Army in Permanent commission?

(i) NDA / AFMC - after 10+2 (Through UPSC). (ii) Direct Entry (Through UPSC).
(iii) Engineering Graduates – TGC. (iv) University Entry Scheme.
(v) Technical Entry Scheme 10 +2. (vi) Army Cadet College Wing, after 10+2.
(vii) SCO / PCSL Entry from Regular Army.

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43. What are the entry offer for Army in Short commission?
(i) Non-Tech (Both men & women)
(ii) Tech (Both men & women)
(iii) NCC Special Entry (Both men & women)
(vi) Law Graduates (Both men & women)
44. What is the full form of NDA and where it is located?

National Defence Academy located at Pune
45. What is the full form of IMA and where it is located?

Indian Military Academy located at Dehradun
46. What is the full form of CDSE?

Combined Defence Service Examination
47. What are the Entry into Police Services as an Officer?

(a) Passing All India Civil Services Examination conducted by All India UPSC Civil Services
Examinations.
(b) Promotions from State Cadre Police Services.
48. What are the other Police organizations?

(a) Border Security Force. (b) Central Industrial Security Force.
(c) Central Reserve Police Force. (d) Indo-Tibetan Border Police.
(e) National Security Guards. (f) Special Protection Group.
(g) Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB). (h) Central Bureau of Investigation.
(j) Indian Income-tax Department. (k) Directorate of Revenue Intelligence.
(l) Central Economic Intelligence Bureau. (m) Directorate General of Central Excise Intelligence.
(n) National Investigation Agency. (o) Narcotics Control Bureau.
(p) Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPRD).
(q) National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB).
(r) Central Forensic Science Laboratory.
(s) National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Sciences.
(t) State & Union Territory Police.
49. What are the other Central Investigation and Intelligence Agencies?
(a) Central Bureau of Investigation. (b) Indian Income-tax Department.
(c) Directorate of Revenue Intelligence. (d) Central Economic Intelligence Bureau.
(e) Directorate General of Central Excise Intelligence. (f) National Investigation Agency.
(g) Narcotics Control Bureau. (h) Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPRD).
(i) National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB). (j) Central Forensic Science Laboratory.
(k) National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Sciences. (l) State Police.
(m) Reserved State armed police forces & their Role. (n) Criminal Investigation Department.
(o) Traffic police.
50. What are the Central Armed Police Forces Cadre and Personnel?
(a) Gazetted Officers. (b) Subordinate Officers. (c) Constables.
Objective Question & Answer
51. The Supreme Commander of Indian Armed Forces is President.

52. The Army is divided into Seven Commands.
53. The Head of the Indian Army is Chief of the Army Staff.
54. Each Command is commanded by an officer of the rank of Lt General who is called Army
Commander.
55. The Combat formations of Army are grouped as Corps, Division & Brigade.
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56. The Field formations are commanded by an officer of the rank of Lt General, Maj General and Brig
respectively.
57. The Corps are further divided as “Holding” and “Strike” Corps depending on their role.
58. A defence oriented Corps is the “Holding” Corps.
59. The “Strike” Corps is for offensive operations.
60. The Corps Head Quarters handles 03 to 05 Divisions.
61. Static Formations are Area and Sub Area Headquarters.
62. Static Formations are commanded by an officer of the rank of Lt General and Maj General
respectively.
63. Static Formations looks after infrastructural assets, lines of communications, civil-military liaison etc.
64. The Naval Headquarters at New Delhi.
65. The Navy is divided into three commands.
66. Each fleets commanded by Flag Officer of the rank of a Rear Admiral.
67. 4th December 1971 was the finest day of Indian Navy when it attacked Karachi harbour and caused
havoc to Pakistani Ships and shore instillations.
68. The Headquarters of Southern Naval Command is at Cochin.
69. The India has a coastal line of 6000 Kms.
70. The Southern Naval Command is basically a Training Command.
71. Chief of Naval Staff is Admiral ___________________
72. The youngest of the three services is Indian Air Force.
73. The Air force is organized into Five fighting commands (otherwise 7 Commands).
74. IAF contingents took part in UN peace keeping mission in Congo.
75. The act for establishing the Indian Air Force was passed in the Indian legislature in the year 1932.
76. The Indian Air Force came into existence on the recommendations of Skeen committee.
77. Chief Air Staff is Air Chief Marshal _________________
78. Each Command is placed under the command of an Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief.
79. The principal national-level organization concerned with law enforcement is the Ministry of Home
Affairs (MHA)
80. The controlling authority of a State Police force is the Department of the Home of the State
Government.
81. An Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer, acts as the executive agency of the State Home
Department.
82. Each state and union territory of India has a state police force, headed by a Director General of
police ranked officer .
83. A number of police "Ranges" composed of three to six districts, headed by Deputy Inspectors
General.
84. District police headquarters are commanded by Superintendents of Police (SP).
85. Each district is divided into sub-divisions or circles headed by a Deputy Superintendent of police
(DSP).
86. Field Marshal is an honorary rank and is given to a General for his valuable services.
87. The full form of JCO is Junior Commissioned Officer
89. NCO stands for Non-Commissioned Officers .
90. Admiral of the Fleet is an honorary rank given to an Admiral for his invaluable services and will
continue to serve the rest of his term with the honorary rank.
91. Admiral of the Fleet has not been used in the Indian Navy.
92. Marshall of the Air Force is an honorary rank given to an Air Chief Marshall for his invaluable
services.
93. Marshall Arjan Singh is the first and the only “Five Star” rank officer with the Indian Air Force.
94. Corps are commanded by an officer of the rank of Lieutenant General.
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95. The Corps are of two types depending on their role Defensive and Offensive Corps.
96. Divisions are commanded by an officer of the rank of Maj General.
97. Brigades are commanded by an officer of the rank of Maj General
98. Each Battalion has six companies commanded by a Company Commander.
99. Static Formation are Area Headquarters, Sub Area Headquarters and Station Headquarters.
100. Area Headquarters, Sub Area Headquarters and Station Headquarters are commanded by an
officer of the rank of Lieutenant General, Major General and Brigadier respectively.
101. Static formations are extended all over the country and look after the infrastructural assets, lines of
communication logistics, administration and all civil-military matters.
102. Infantry is essential an arm of close combat.
103. Self- Reliance is the basic and most important characteristic of the infantry.
104. Infantry is highly adaptable and can operate over any type of ground.
105. The infantry soldier and his equipment are readily transported by land, sea or air to the battlefield.
106. Infantry is capable of defending itself against tanks with is integral antitank weapons.
107. Infantry in the open is vulnerable to air attack.
108. A minefield with a density of three blast type of anti-personnel mines will cause about 10 percent
casualties.
109. The basic role of infantry is to close with the enemy to destroy or capture him and to hold ground.
110. Fire and movement is the basis of all infantry tactics.
111. The basic infantry weapons are the rifle and bayonet, the light machine gun and grenades.
112. Certain Infantry personnel are armed with the carbine or pistol.
113. Support weapons are the 2 inch and 81 mm mortars, machine guns and infantry anti-tank weapons.
114. The training of infantry must cultivate skill at arms, endurance, courage, initiative, adaptability and
skillful use of ground.
115. Mechanised infantry should not be considered something distinct or different from other infantry.
116. The light armour of the armoured personnel carrier provides protection against small arms fire and
shell splinters.
117. Mechanized infantry is able to muster considerable firepower due to the machine guns mounted on
the armoured personnel carriers.
118. Radio is the primary means of communication in a mechanized infantry unit.
119. Increased mobility and better signal communications have given mechanized infantry greater
flexibility.
120. Army is basically organised into two main categories, namely the Arms and the Services.
121. The Armoured Corps and Infantry are called Fighting Arms.
122. The Artillery, Engineers, Signals, Air Defence Corps, and Aviation Corps are called Supporting Arms
123. Those troops that provide the logistical support to the Arms are called Services.
124. The role of Arty is to est such fire supremacy in the battle area.
125. Army Air Defence is equipped with air defence guns and short and medium range surface to air
missile systems.
126. The role of Army Aviation Corps is reconnaissance and observation by controlling Artillery and
Infantry mortar fire from air.
127. The role of Signals is to provide radio, radio relay and line communication and establish signal
centre during war and peace
128. The main task of Intelligence Corps is to gather intelligence of the enemy and prevent the leakage
of own information to the enemy
129. An Armoured Regt has 45 tanks
130. The basic role of amour is to destroy the enemy by relentless, mobile offensive action, both in
offensive and defensive operation
131. Infantry is essentially an arm of close combat.
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132. Infantry are also employed in counter insurgency and counter terrorism operations.
133. Mechanized Infantry emphasis is on mobility fire power and maneuver rather than manpower.
134. Mechanized Infantry moves in armoured personnel carrier (APC).
135. Mechanized Infantry has adequate protection against small arms fire.
136. Artillery provides heavy volume of fire at long ranges to damage and destroy enemy position.
137. The Corps of Engineers consists of three major constituents namely Combat Engineers, MES and
Border Roads.
138. Army Air Defence is equipped with air defence guns and Short and Medium range surface to air
missile systems
139. The role of Army Aviation corps is reconnaissance and observation by controlling artillery and
infantry mortar fire from air
140. Army Aviation corps use the Chetak helicopters for logistic tasks and the Cheetahs for aggressive
tasks.
141. The role of Signals is to provide radio, Radio Relay and line communication and establish Signal
centres during war and peace.
142. Army Service corps primarily responsible for provisioning, procurement and distribution of Supplies,
Fuels, Oils & lubricants, hygiene Chemicals and miscellaneous items to Army, Air Force and where
required to Navy also.
143. Army Medical Corps provides medical cover during operations as well as in peace stations to
troops and their families.
144. Army Ordnance Corps provide logistic support that is provisioning & procuring of all stores required
for operations and maintenance.
145. The major role of Corps of Electronics and Mechanical Engineers (EME) is repair, recovery and
maintenance of all vehicles ,arms, electrical, electronics and mechanical equipment
146. The role of Remount and Veterinary Corps is breeding, procurement, caring and training of
Animals
147. Army Education Corps involved in human resource development through imparting higher education
to the troops.
148. The Intelligence Corps is to gather intelligence of the enemy and prevent leakage of own
information to the enemy.
149. The role of The Corps of Military Police is also to assists in movement of men, material and vehicles
during peace /war.
150. Judge Advocate General Branch deals with legal matters relating to Armed Forces.
151. Army Physical Training Corps role is to impart physical education and develop sports in Armed
Forces.
152. The Pioneer Corps are mostly committed in operational areas.
153. The Defence Security Corps (DSC) provides armed security staff, static guards, searchers, escorts
and mobile patrols by day & night.
154. Central Armed Police Forces & Other Police Agencies are controlled by the central government.
155. Assam Rifles (AR) is the oldest paramilitary force in India
156. Assam Rifles (AR) primary role is to protect part of India’s North eastern borders and also the
internal security also.
157. The Indian Border Security Force (BSF) is responsible for policing India's land borders during
peacetime and preventing trans-border crimes along Pakistan and Bangladesh.
158. The primary task of Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) is providing industrial security.
159. The Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) is one of the largest Central Police organizations in the
world.
160. The Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) even operates abroad as part of United Nations
peacekeeping missions.
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161. The Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) is responsible for security along the Indo-Tibetan Border.
162. The National Security Guards (NSG) is a commando unit originally created for counter-terrorism and
hostage rescue missions.
163. The National Security Guards (NSG) raised in 1986, it is popularly known as the "Black Cats" for the
uniform worn by its operators.
164. The National Security Guards (NSG) draws its core members from the Indian Army and the balance
support staff from various central police units
165. The Special Protection Group (SPG) provides the security 24 by 7 all over India to Prime Minister
including ex-prime Ministers and their Family Members at any location across India.
166. The Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB), formed in the year 1963 .
167. The Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) is deployed at the Indo-Nepal and Indo-Bhutan borders.
168. The full form of CBI is Central Bureau of Investigation.
169 The Tax Department is controlled by the Department of Revenue in the Ministry of Finance.
170. The Tax Department Union Government headed by a Union Minister who reports directly to the
Prime Minister.
171. The Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) is an intelligence-based organization responsible for
the coordination of India's anti-smuggling efforts.
172. The Central Economic Intelligence Bureau (CEIB) is responsible for gathering information and
monitoring the economic and financial sectors for economic offenses and warfare.
173. The Directorate General of Central Excise Intelligence (DGCEI) responsible for the detection of tax
evasion cases related to Central Excise Duty and Service tax.
174. National Investigation Agency (NIA) is the central agency to combat terror in India.
175. Narcotics Control Bureau (NCU) is responsible for anti-narcotic operations all over the country.
176. Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPRD) involved in research, relating to problems
confronting the Indian police, the training of different ranks of Police in India, and the introduction of
technology at both federal and state levels.
177. National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) is a "Nodal Agency" for maintenance of criminal records at
and at state and federal Level.
178. The Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL) is a wing of the Indian Ministry of Home Affairs,
which fulfills the forensic requirements in the country .
179. The National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science look into the applied aspects of
education, training and research in the fields of Criminology and Forensic Science for Criminal
Justice System in India
180. Criminal Investigation Department CID is constituted in each district under a deputy inspector
general for the purpose of collating and distributing information regarding organized crimes.
181. Highway police and traffic police in the small towns come under the state police.
182. Traffic police in the cities come under the metropolitan police and state police.
183. The Army offers both Permanent and Short Service Commission.
184. Permanent commission (PC) is granted through the Indian Military Academy (IMA) Dehradun
185. Short Service Commission (SSC) is granted through Officers Training Academy (OTA) Chennai.
186. Short Service Commission SSC gives you the option of joining the Army, and serving it as a
commissioned officer for ten years.
187. A permanent commission means a career in the army till you retire.
188. For Combined Defence Service Examination ( CDSE ) you must in the final year of Graduation.
189. For Combined Defence Service Examination ( CDSE ) you need to pass the Combined Defence
Service Exams being conducted by UPSC, clear the SSB interview, be medically fit.
190. University Entry Scheme (Pre Final Year Students Only) is for those of you who wish to apply for
army in Pre-Final year of engineering.
191. The duration of training is 1 year though Technical Gradate Course.
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192. Those who are studying in final year/ have completed BE/B Tech in notified streams can also join
IMA through Technical Graduate Course.
193. Short Service Commission have the option of joining the Army and service as a Commissioned
Officer for 10 year and is extendable up to 14 year
194. For NCC Special Entry you need to obtained ‘C’ certificate with minimum ‘B’ grade.
195. For NCC Special Entry you can apply through your NCC Branch HQ/Zonal HQ to Recruiting
Directorate for direct SSB interview
196. The induction of women into the officer cadre started in the year 1992.
197. Substantive promotion to the rank of Captain is on completion of 2 years reckonable
Commissioned service.
198. Substantive promotion to the rank of Major is on completion of 6 years reckonable Commissioned
service.
199. Substantive promotion to the rank of Lt Col is on completion of 13 years reckonable Commissioned
service.
200. There are two ways of getting into Indian Police Services
201. To get into Police Service you have to pass All India Civil Services Examination conducted by All
India UPSC Civil Services Examinations.
202. A candidate recruited in the IPS has to undergo a tough schedule of training at the Police Academy.
203. The Central Armed Police Forces have their own officers and personnel to these forces are
recruited directly as well as obtained from respective departments.
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MAP READING (MR)
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION TO MAP READING (MR)
1. Define Map?
“ A map is the proportional representation of the whole or a part of the earth on a flat surface such
as a sheet or sheets of paper and it represents a bird’s eye view of the area with all its natural and
manmade features shown by some conventional signs”
2. What are the conventional signs?

Conventional signs or symbols or used to represent certain artificial or natural features and objects
on the map.
3. Give the conventional signs for the following features/objects:
(a) Level Crossing :

(b) Spring : +
(c) Church :
(d) Temple :
(e) Mosque :
(f) Light House :
(g) Graves :
(h) Battle Field :
(j) Fort :
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(k) Boundary Pillar Survey :
(l) Contour :
(m) Circuit House : CH
(n) Dak Bungalow : DB
(o) Travelers’ Bungalow : TB
(p) Rest House : RH
(q) Inspection Bungalow : IB
(r) Post Office : PO
(s) Telegraph Office : TO
(t) Reserve Forest : RF
(u) State Forest : SF
(v) Protected Forest : PF
(w) Tower :
4. What are two methods of expressing a scale?

(a) In Words
(b) Representative Fraction (RF)
5. Define Grid?
A map is covered with a network of purple lines, some running North and South and others West
and East. These form a series of small squars all over the map.These lines are known as Grid
Lines
6. What are the grid Lines?

Vertical and horizontal Pink/purple lines-dividing the Map into various squares
7. Define easting and northing lines?

(a) Vertical lines running North-South are called Eastings. Lines are numbered from West to
East.
(b) Horizontal lines running West-East are called Northings. Lines are numbered from South to
North.
8. What is Grid reference? What are the types of GR?

To Locate a place or object on the Map with the help of Grid lines called Grid reference (GR).
There are three types of GR
(a) Four Figure Ref (b) Six Fig Ref (c) Eight Fig Ref
9. Define the following Topographical forms & Technical Forms?

(a) Basin: An area of fairly level ground surrounded by hills or the area drained by a river or its
distributaries.
(b) Col or saddle: A narrow ridge of high land joining up to higher hills.

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(c) Crest: A highest part of hill or mountain range. It is that line on the range of hills or mountains
from which the ground slopes down in opposite direction.
(d) Dead Ground: Ground which because of undulations or hills is not visible to the observer.
(e) Knoll: A small isolated hill.
(f) Plateau: A table land, an elevated region of considerable extent generally of same level.
(g) Ridge: A line along a hill or range of hills or mountains from which water flows in opposite
directions.
(h) Spur: A piece of high ground jutting out of range of hills into lower ground.
(i) Watershed: The line separating the water flowing in two different rivers systems, the edge of a
river basin.
(j) Defile: Any feature whether natural or artificial which could cause a body of troops to contract
its front. An example of a natural defile is mountain pass while bridge is an example of an
artificial defile.
(k) Escarpment: The steep hill side formed by a sudden drop in the general ground level usually
from a plateau.
(l) Bearing: The angle formed by a line joining two points and the North and South line. Bearings
are always measured clockwise.
(m) Bench Mark: A permanent mark usually cut into a wall recording exact height for future
reference. It is marked as BM with height on Ordnance Survey Maps.
(n) Gradient: The slope of a hill expressed as a fraction.
(o) Spot Height: A point on a map whose height has been determined by Survey methods. These
are usually shown as block dot with a number giving exact height above sea level in meters.
(p) Trigonometric Point: A point fixed during the triangulation at the beginning of a survey, marked
on Ordnance Survey Maps by a small triangle with the height.
(q) Contours: A line drawn on the map joining up all points of equal height above sea level.
(r) Grid Lines: Lines running parallel to and at right angle to a North and south or East and West,
Grid North is the direction of the North South grid lines on a map.
(s) Magnetic Variation: The difference between True North and Magnetic North.
(t) Horizontal Equivalent: The distance measured on the map between adjacent contour lines. It
varies according to the nature of the relief.
10. Define Relief?

Relief means the shape of the ground in a vertical plane. Representation of a relief on a map means
showing of heights and shape of the ground above or below or datum which is normally sea level.
Relief is shown with means of hachure, shading, form lines, layer tints, contours, spot heights, trig
heights, bench marks and relative heights.
11. What are Contour?

Contour is an imaginary line drawn on map showing same height from mean sea level. If you walk
along a contour line you neither gain nor loose elevation.
12. What are the characteristics of Contours?

(a) Contours accurately show height, shape and slope of the ground.
(b) Contours are shown generally in brown.
(c) Height is marked on every fifth contour.
(d) Contour lines vary in appearance.
(e) These lines never touch or cross each other.
13. What are slopes?

Slope means a surface of which one end or side is at a higher level than another. Contour lines
represent to slope that is, closer the contour lines are, the steeper is the slope of the hill. If
representation of slopes the contour lines are far apart, the slope down is gradual.
14. What are the two types of slopes? Explain each.

(a) A convex slope is the one which bulges outwards
(b) Concave slope is the one which curves inwards
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15. What are Gradients?

Gradient is the slope of the ground expressed as the angle the ground makes with the horizontal A
gradient of 1 in 15 means that in a horizontal. The horizontal equivalent is obtained by measuring on
the map and vertical interval by subtracting the contour heights
16. What are the Cardinal Points of Map?

The cardinal Points are North - East - South - West
17. List out types of North? Explain each.

(a) TRUE NORTH: Direction of the Pole star-remains Unchanged.
(b) MAGNETIC NORTH: Direction indicated by the Compass Arrow needle changes from
place to place
(c) GRID NORTH: Direction Pointed by the Grid lines on the Map
18. What are Mangnetic Variation & Grid Convergence?

Magnetic Variation: (Local variation) Angular difference between True North and Magnetic North.
Grid Convergence The angular difference between Grid and True North is called the Angle of
Convergence or the Grid Convergence.
19. What is mean by Bearing in MR?

Bearing is the clockwise angle formed by a straight line joining Two Points and direction of North.
Always measured in clockwise
20. What are the types of Bearing? Explain in Brief?

(a) True Bearing: Angle between the observer and true north (North Pole) is known as True
bearing- it can be calculated from Grid bearing and Magnetic bearing by converting it.
(b) Megnetic Bearing: Angle between the observer and Magnetic north is known as Magnetic
bearing- Measure from Magnetic north by the help of the compass on the ground.
(c) Grid Bearing: Angle between the observer and Grid north is known as Grid bearing-
Measured from Grid north by the help of the Service Protector on the map.
21. Suppose the bearing of a certain point P is measured with a compass and is found to be 160
degree. Convert a Magnetic Bearing to a Grid Bearing.
(a) First find out the Magnetic Variation of the Area. Magnetic Variation is given on the Top Right
corner of each Map.
(b) Suppose 5 degree is the Magnetic Variation of the area. Now subtract this Magnetic Variation to
the Magnetic Bearing.
(c) The resultant is the Grid Bearing i.e. 155 degree
22. How to Convert Grid Bearing to Magnetic Bearing

(a) Measure the Grid Bearing of an object on the map with help of the service protractor from
your own position.
(b) Suppose the Grid Bearing of the object is 150 degree.
(c) Now, find out the Magnetic Variation of the area with the help of Map (Magnetic Variation is
given on the Top right corner of the map). Suppose Magnetic Variation of the area is 6 degree.
(d) Now, add this Magnetic Variation to the Grid Bearing.
(e) The resultant will be the Magnetic Bearing of the object i.e. 156 degree.
23. What is Forward Bearing and Backward Bearing? Define the Conversion formula?
(a) Forward Bearing: Bearing of the Object from the Observer
(b) Backward Bearing: Bearing of the Observer from the Object.
Conversion of FB in to BB Vice versa: Difference: 180 degrees

(a) If FB is Less than 180 deg. ADD 180 deg. For BB
(b) If FB is More than 180 deg. LESS 180 deg. For BB

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24. Define Service Protractor?

“It is a rectangular shaped instrument (6’’ X 2’’) used to measure
Bearing on the map, made of Ivory or cardboard.”
25. What are the uses of Service Protractor?

(a) To measure the Grid bearing on the Map
(b) To find distance between any two object
(c) To draw straight line in the map.
26. List out the Types of compass;

(a) Dry compass (b) Liquid compass
27. How to Take a Bearing with the help of compass?

(a) Open the lid of compass.
(b) Turn the prism casing over.
(c) Put your thumb through the ring.
(d) Put your forefinger underneath the compass & hold it to horizontal level.
(e) Bring the prism up to the eye.
(f) See through the prism via hairline to object.
(g) Read the bearing.
28. What do you understand by Compass Error?

Sometimes due to the presence of impurities in the material of which a compass is made or other
reasons, the magnetic needle may not point toward the magnetic NORTH but a little to the EAST or
WEST of it. This deviation of the magnetic needle in the compass from the magnetic NORTH is
termed compass error.
29. What are the uses of Prismatic Liquid compass?

(a) To find the North
(b) To set the Map
(c) To measure the Magnetic bearing of an object on the ground
(d) Night march or Point to Point March.
30. List out some parts of the Prismatic Liquid compass?

Tongue, Lid, Window, Hairline, Lubber line, Direction Mark, Needle, Clamping screw, Thumb ring,
Prism, Hinge, Milled vane.
31. Define Global Positioning System.

Global Positioning System (GPS) refers to a system of satellites and receivers that allows people
and devices to pin point their precise location on the earth. The first GPS satellite was launched in
1974. GPS is funded and controlled by the United States, Department of Defence. Present
technology provides very handy and accurate navigation.
32. What are the uses of Global Positioning System (GPS)?

(a) Commonly used in day to day life by general public like.
(b) Commonly used in day to day life by general public like for travelling purposes.
(c) Fishermen and hikers to navigate.
(d) Armed Forces, inbuilt its equipment and in uses in battlefields.
33. How to Find North and own Position Without Compass?

(a) Equal Altitude Method (b) By Stars
32. What are the Methods of Finding own Position on Map?

(a) By resection method or Compass method. (b) By Inspection method.

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33. What is Map to ground? Name the method use?

To find out the details of map on ground is known as map to ground. Following methods are used to
identify objects from map to ground:-
(a) Bearing and Distance Method (b) Direction and Distance Method
(c) By Estimation Method
34. Write down the Direction and Distance Method use for Map to ground?
(a) Draw a line on the map between own position and object to be identified.
(b) Calculate its distance and using any of the following methods find the direction of
the object:-
(i) With the help of a sight rule find the ground direction of the object.
(ii) With the help of two points on the map estimate the ground direction.
(iii) Place a foot ruler /pencil at own position and align it with line of the map.
(iv) Place a pin each at own position and at the object on the map. Align both pins and find
general direction.
35. What is Ground to Map?

To find out an object indicated on ground on the map is called ground to map.
36. What is Google Map?

Google Maps is a web mapping service developed by Google. It offers satellite imagery, aerial
photography, street maps, 360° panoramic views of streets (Street View), real-time traffic
conditions, and route planning for traveling by foot, car, bicycle and air (in beta), or public
transportation. Google Maps' satellite view is a "top-down" or "birds eye" view; most of the high-
resolution imagery of cities is aerial photography taken from aircraft flying, while most other imagery
is from satellites. Google Maps used a variant of the Mercator projection, and therefore could not
accurately show areas around the poles
37. What are the use of Goggle Maps & Applications Directions and Transit. Business Listings?
(a) Indoor Maps (b) Google Local Guides (c) Mobile App (d) Applications
38. What are the application of Google map?

(a) Google Handwriting (b) Trusted Contacts
(c) Google Trips (d) Google Arts & Culture
(e) Chrome Remote Desktop (f) Google Opinion Rewards
(g) Android Auto (h) Wallpapers
Objective Answers
39. A map represents selected natural and manmade features of the whole or part of the earth's surface
on a sheet of paper.
40. These maps are prepared and published by the National Mapping Organisation of each country.
41. The science of making maps is called as Cartography .
42. The Survey of India prepares the topographical maps in India for the entire country.
43. One major limitation of a map is that it cannot show everything that exists on the ground.
44. Conventional signs are symbols used to represent certain artificial or natural features/objects on the
map.
45. Scales help us work out distance to our destination and therefore how long it will take us to get
there.
46. The smaller the area a map covers, the larger the scale will be.
47. Scale is the proportion which the distances between the two points on the map that relates to the
distance between two points on the ground.
48. There are two methods of expressing a scale in Words and as a Representative Fractions.
49. The ‘Grid’ is a systematic pattern on Earth by laying a vertical and horizontal grid over the Earth's
layout.
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50. The vertical lines are called the longitude and the horizontal lines are known as the latitude.
51. Combinations of these vertical lines and horizontal lines are known as Grid Lines.
52. The purpose of Grid Lines is to make possible giving and reading Grid References and to facilitate
measurement of bearings.
53. A reference must always contain an even number of figures, normally it contains six figures.
54. EASTING lines are the black colour vertical lines.
55. NORTHING lines are the black colour horizontal lines.
56. Always count along the EASTING lines first from the WEST to EAST and then NORTHING from
SOUTH to NORTH.
57. Grid References are of different types viz. Four Figure, Six Figure, Eight Figure and Ten Figure.
58. Topography of a place means the physical appearance of hills, valleys, rivers and lakes as seen
from a height.
59. Knoll is a small isolated hill.
60. Two spurs separated by a narrow valley is called Re-entrant.
61. A narrow ridge of high land joining up two higher hills is called col or saddle.
62. Any feature natural or artificial, bridge or a pass to pass through which a body of troops has to
change its formation is called Defile.
63. A sudden drop in height usually from a plateau forming a sort of wall is called Escarpment.
64. A long deep valley formed by a stream is called Ravine.
65. A piece of elevated ground jutting out from a range of hills into lower ground is called Spur.
66. A narrow stream passage between two steep rocky hills is called Gorge.
67. The distance measured on the map between two adjacent contour lines is called Horizontal
Equivalent (HE).
68. Horizontal Equivalent (HE) varies according to the nature of relief.
69. The slope of a hill expressed as a fraction is called Gradient.
70. Contour is a imaginary line drawn on the Map, joining up all points of equal height above the sea
level
71. Relief means the shape of the ground in a vertical plane.
72. Relief is shown with means of hachure, shading, form lines, layer tints, contours, spot heights, trig
heights, bench marks and relative heights.
73. Contours accurately show height, shape and slope of the ground.
74. Contours are shown generally in brown.
75. Contours lines never touch or cross each other.
76. Slope means a surface of which one end or side is at a higher level than another.
77. The two types of slopes are Convex and Concave.
78. Gradient is the slope of the ground expressed as the angle the ground makes with the horizontal
79. The rise or fall of a slope can be expressed in following two ways; In an Angle or Degree of Slope
and The tangent of the Angle or Gradient.
80. North, South, East and West are known as the cardinal points.
81. There are three types of North.
82. True North is the direction of North Pole from the observer.
83. Grid North is direction of North as per the Grid on map.
84. Magnetic North is the point to which a magnetic needle points, when freely suspended.
85. The amount of the Magnetic Variation depends upon two factors, time and place .
86. Time Variation is not constant but is, gradually changing and even the change each year is not
constant but the difference being negligible it is taken to be constant.
87. Place is the amount of the Magnetic Variation also changes in different parts of the world and
indeed in different parts of the country.

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88. The angular difference between Grid and True North is called the Angle of Convergence or the Grid
Convergence.
89. The clock wise angle formed by a straight line joining two points and direction of NORTH, is called
the bearing between the two points
90. A bearing is always measured clockwise .
91. Grid bearing is measured on the map from the Grid North by the help of a protractor.
92. Magnetic Bearing is measured from Magnetic North by the compass.
93. True Bearing is calculated by finding out the relation of True NORTH and Grid NORTH or Magnetic
NORTH.
94. Back bearing is bearing taken opposite of original position of object.
95. The rule of back bearing is that if the bearing is less than 180 degree add 180 degree and if
bearing is more than 180 degree then subtract 180 degree.
96. The service protractor "A" Mark IV is an instrument used for plotting and measuring bearing on the
map.
97. Service protractor is essential link between the compass and the map.
98. The Service protractor is made of cardboard or ivories .
99. Service protractor is measures 6 inches long and 2 inches wide.
100. The service protractor is an essential item of Map Reading.
101. Magnetic compass is an instrument containing a magnetized pointer which shows the direction of
magnetic north and bearings from it.
102. With the prismatic compass one can measure magnetic bearing on the ground.
103. There are two types of prismatic compass, the dry and liquid filled.
104. The deviation of the magnetic needle in the compass from the magnetic NORTH is termed compass
error.
105. GPS stands for Global Positioning System.
106. Global Positioning System (GPS) refers to a system of satellites and receivers that allows people
and devices to pin point their precise location on the earth.
107. The first GPS satellite was launched in 1974.
108. GPS is funded and controlled by the United States, Department of Defence.
109. GPS is used by commonly used in day to day life by general public like.
110. GPS is used by commonly used in day to day life by general public like for travelling purposes.
111. GPS is used by Fishermen and hikers to navigate.
112. GPS is used by Armed Forces, inbuilt its equipment and in uses in battlefields.
113. A map is said to be set or oriented when the true NORTH on the map points to true NORTH on the
ground.
114. There are two methods of setting a map
115. The two methods of setting a map are by compass and by objects on the ground.
116. Equal Altitude and Star are the two methods of finding North and own Position Without Compass
117. The Pole star indicates the position of True North to within 2 degree.
118. Pole star is the bright star and it can be found by protruding a line from Great Bear.
119. Methods of Finding own Position on Map is by resection method and by Inspection method.
120. Inspection method means a careful and detailed study of the ground and features both on the map
and the ground and features on the map and on the ground.
121. Inspection methods consists of Setting the map, Recognition of general area of own position on the
map and A close study of the ground details.
122. To find out the details of map on ground is known as map to ground.
123. Methods of finding map to ground are Bearing Method, Direction Method and By Estimation
Method.
124. To find out an object indicated on ground on the map is called ground to map.
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125. Google Maps is a web mapping service developed by Google.

126. Google Maps satellite view is a "top-down" or "birds eye" view; most of the high-resolution imagery
of cities is aerial photography taken from aircraft flying, while most other imagery is from satellites.
127. Google Maps used a variant of the Mercator projection, and therefore could not accurately show
areas around the poles.
128. Screen shot of Google Maps with traffic option enabled traffic conditions.
129. Google map collates business listings from multiple on-line and off-line sources.
130. Google allows business owners to verify their own business data through Google My Business.
131. In March 2011, indoor maps were added to Google Maps
132. Indoor maps gives users ability to navigate themselves within buildings such as airports, museums,
shopping malls etc.
133. Google Local Guides is a program launched by Google Maps to enable its users to contribute to
Google Maps and provide them additional perks and benefits for the work.
134. Google Maps is available as a mobile app for the Android and iOS mobile operating systems.
135. The Android app was first released in September 2008.
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FIELD CRAFT AND BATTLE CRAFT (FCBC)
CHAPTER- I : INTRODUCTION TO FIELD CRAFT AND BATTLE CRAFT (FCBC)
1. What is Field Craft?

Field Craft is an important aspect of military training as it is the art of using the ground and the
weapon to the best of one’s own advantage.
2. Why is Judging Distance important?

Accurate fire with any weapon depends on the correct judging of distance. It helps to: -
(a) Know when to open fire.
(b) Know which weapon to be used.
(c) Can indicate targets to other men in his section.
(d) Pass back accurate information when acting as an observer.
3. What are the subjects included in Field Craft ?

(a) Visual Training. (b) Recognition and description of targets.
(c) Personal camouflage and concealment. (d) Judging distance.
(e) Movement with and without arms. (f) Fire discipline and control.
4. What is Battle craft

Battle craft is nothing but set of drills which are essential for conduct of successful operations in the
battle field. These battle drills are very useful in tackling minor tactical problems.
5. What are the subjects included in Battle Craft?

(a) Field Signals. (b) Section Formations. (c) Fire control orders.
(d) Fire and move. (e) Section battle drills.
6. What are the Methods of Judging Distance?

There are six methods of Judging distance. These are as under:-
(a) Unit of measure. (b) Appearance method.
(c) Section average. (d) Key range.
(e) Halving. (f) Bracketing.
7. When Distances are overestimated?

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(i) Light is bad.

(ii) The sun is in the observer’s eye.
(iii) The object is small in relation to its surroundings.
(iv) Looking through a valley of narrow lane e.g. street.
(v) Lying down.
8. When Distances are underestimated?

(i) The light is bright or the sun is shining from behind the observer.
(ii) The object is large in relation to its surrounding.
(iii) There is some dead ground between observer and the object.
(iv) Looking uphill.
9. Explain Unit of Measure?

(a) This method is also termed as the 100 yards method. The unit of measure chosen is normally
100 yards on the ground.
(b) The distance of a given object will be a multiple of the imaginary unit of 100 yards, as placed
between the observer and the object.
(c) This method is not accurate above 100 yards and is of little use if there is dead ground between
the observer and the object.
10. Explain Appearance Method?

The distance can be judged by noting the detailed appearance of man at various
ranges. The following is a guide to distance:-
(a) At 200 yards, all parts of the body are distinct.
(b) At 250 yards, blade of the foresight covers a kneeling man.
(c) At 300 yards the face becomes blurred.
(d) At 400 yards the body remains same in shape but face is difficult to distinguish. Blade of the
foresight covers a standing man.
(e) At 500 yards body appears to taper slightly from the shoulder but movement of limbs can still
be seen.
(f) At 600 yards head appears as a dot. Details are not visible and body tapers from shoulders
downwards noticeably.
11. Explain Section Average?

Each man in the section is asked to judge the distance of a given object. The average of the
answers given by the whole section is then accepted as the distance. Here caution must be
exercised in the estimation of a few who may foolishly over estimate the distance. This method
may be resorted to under the following circumstances:-
(a) Lot of time is available.
(b) Judging of a long distance beyond 400 yds.
(c) Mist or darkness makes judging of distance difficult.
12. Explain Key Range?

If the range of the certain object is known, distance to other objects can be found in relation to the
known range. This method is called ‘Key Range’ method.
13. Explain Halving?

An object is selected half way between the observe and the target, the distance to the selected
object is judged and doubled to get the distance to the target.
14. Explain Bracketing?

The observer works out the maximum and the minimum possible distance of the object and then
accept the mean as the distance e.g. maximum possible distance 1000 yards, minimum possible
distance 500 yards therefore estimated range is 750 yards. The greater the range wider the
bracket. In no case the bracket should be less than 300 yards.

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15. What are the Practical Hints for Judging Distance during Night?
During Night Judging distance at night will depend upon the visibility. The only suitable method is
the ‘Key Range’. Therefore mark prominent objects and work out their distances while there is still
day light.
16. What are the Practical Hints for Judging Distance during Night?
During Day. Conditions which mislead the observer when judging distances are:-
When are distances over - estimated? CODE-SBEVL
(a) When the object is small
(b) When the light is bad
(c) When the sun is in the observer's eye
(d) When looking through a valley or a narrow range eg. a street or a busy avenue
(e) When looking in a lying position.
Objective Answers
17. Field Craft is an important aspect of military training as it is the art of using the ground and the
weapon to the best of one’s own advantage.
18. Battle craft is nothing but set of drills which are essential for conduct of successful operations in the
battle field.
19. These battle drills are very useful in tackling minor tactical problems.
20. There are six methods of Judging distance.
21. Unit of Measure is also termed as the 100 yards method.
22. The length of a hockey field is the best yard stick for this purpose.
23. Appearance Method can be judged by noting the detailed appearance of man at various ranges.
24. Each man in the section is asked to judge the distance of a given object this is termed as Section
average method.
25. In section average method, the average of the answers given by the whole section is then accepted
as the distance.
26. If the range of the certain object is known, distance to other objects can be found in relation to the
known range is called Key range method.
27. Halving method is an object is selected half way between the observer and the target, the distance
to the selected object is judged and doubled to get the distance to the target.
28. Bracketing is the observer works out the maximum and the minimum possible distances of the
object and then accepts the mean as the distance.
29. Judging distance at night will depend upon the visibility.
30. The only suitable method for Judging distance at night is the “Key Range” method.
31. Distances are overestimated when Light is bad.
32. Distances are underestimated when the object is large in relation to its surrounding.
33. Landmark is an object, which is important on the ground and which is used in verbal orders to
explain the ground in front.
34. Target is an object having a technical significance which is indicated with a view to bring down fire
on it.
35. Reference Point is an important and unmistakable object, with the help of which you can indicate
other land marks or targets.
36. Reference Point should be specific.
37. There are four types of ground.
38. Broken ground is uneven and is generally scattered with nullahs, bump sand fields in the ground. It
is suitable for move of infantry.
39. Flat and Open Ground is even ground with little cover e.g. bushes, hedges and other foliage. It is
not suitable for move of Infantry by day.
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40. High Ground are ground far above the general level of the area e.g. hill.
41. High Ground facilitates control of area around it by observation or fire.
42. Dead Ground is hidden from an observer’s view.
44. Dead Ground cannot be covered by flat path weapons.
45. Though an open ground is easy to travel, it is dangerous to do so in the locality of the enemy.
46. Broken ground when correctly used affords protection from flat path weapons.
47. Dead ground does not afford cover from high path weapons.
48. Fore Ground up to 300 yards.
49. Middle Distance from 300 yards to 500 yards.
50. Start by giving the general line of direction by pointing out a centrally located, if possible, prominent
land mark.
51. Boundaries are given sfter giving general line of direction.
52. While describing the ground bounded by particular arc after giving the boundaries start from LEFT
to RIGHT.
53. Two Methods of Indication Targets are Easy Targets and Difficult Targets.
54. A noticeable target can often be described directly.
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CHAPTER FCBC II – INDICATION OF LANDMARKS AND TARGETS
1. Define Landmarks.
An object, which is important on the ground and which is used in verbal orders to explain the ground
in front.
2. Define Target.
It is an object having a technical significance which is indicated with a view to bring down fire on it.
3. Define Reference Point.

An important and unmistakable object, with the help of which you can indicate other land marks or
targets. A reference point should be specific.
4. What are the different types of Ground? Explain each.

(a) Broken Ground : It is uneven and is generally scattered with nullahs, bump sand fields in the
ground. It is suitable for move of infantry.
(b) Flat and Open Ground : It is even ground with little cover e.g. bushes, hedges and other
foliage. It is not suitable for move of Infantry by day.
(c) High Ground. Ground far above the general level of the area e.g. hill. It facilitates control of
area around it by observation or fire.
(d) Dead Ground : Ground that is hidden from an observer’s view. It cannot be covered by flat
path weapons.
5. What is the normal method of describing ground on the basis of yards?

The normal method of scanning and describing ground is by dividing it as follows:-
(a) Fore Ground up to 300 yards. (b) Middle Distance from 300 yards to 500 yards.
(c) Distance beyond 500 yards.
6. What are the methods of Indication of Landmarks?

(a) General Line of Direction (a) Boundaries. (c) Sequence of description
7. What are the methods of indication of Easy Targets?

(a) Indication by Description (b) Indication by Direction or Range or Both.
8. Point out the methods of Indicating Difficult Targets?

(a) The general line of direction. (b) A known reference point. (c) Another landmark.

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9. What are the Sequence of description?

While describing the ground bounded by particular arc after giving the boundaries start from LEFT
to RIGHT. If the ground all around is to be described start after general line of direction to the right
and finish at general line of direction by completing the indication all around.
10. How to Indicate Landmarks using General Line of Direction and Boundaries?
(a) General Line of Direction. Start by giving the general line of direction by pointing out a
centrally located, if possible, prominent land mark, e.g. No 1 section 500 RED HOUSE,
(b) Boundaries. After giving general line of direction give LEFT and RIGHT boundaries of your
area. Divide the ground into foreground, middle and distance. Having done so start from LEFT to
RIGHT systematically and describe. In attack describe the ground nearest to you first i.e.
foreground, then middle and then distance. In defence reverse the procedure.
11. Directions taken to be with reference to the general line of direction.

Direction Measuring
Slight Left/Right Approximately 10 degrees.
Quarter Left/Right Approximately 22 ½ degrees.
Half Left/Right Approximately 45 degrees.
Three Quarter Left/Right Approximately 67 ½degrees.
Full Left/Right Approximately 90 degrees.
Objective Answers
12. Landmarks are object, which is important on the ground and which is used in verbal orders to
explain the ground in front.
13. Target is an object having a technical significance which is indicated with a view to bring down fire
on it.
14. Reference Point is an important and unmistakable object, with the help of which you can indicate
other land marks or targets.
15. A reference point should be specific.
16. There are four types of grounds.
17. Broken Ground is suitable for move of infantry.
18. Flat and Open Ground is suitable for move of infantry.
19. High Ground facilitates control of area around it by observation or fire.
*************************************
CHAPTER FCBC III: OBSERVATION, CAMOUFLAGE AND CONCEALMENT
1. Why Things are seen?

Various factors responsible for things to be seen are as follows:-
(a) Shape. (b) Shine. (c) Shadow.
(d) Surface. (e) Spacing. (f) Smoke.
(g) Sound. (h) Movement.
2. Define Camouflage?
Camouflage means to disguise an object in plain sight in order to conceal it from something
or someone.
3. What are the methods of Personal camouflage?

(a) Use of Disruptive Pattern. (b) Clothing and Local Vegetation.
(c) Camouflage of Face. (d) Camouflage of Equipment.
4. What are the Equipments used for Camouflaged?
(a) Helmet (b) Camouflage of Back Packs
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(c) Camouflage of Rifle (d) Camouflage of LMG (e) Camouflage of Equipment
5. What is Concealment ?
The method of mystifying enemy’s observation and have cover from enemy fire.
6. What are the types of cover and its correct use?

(a) Cover from View (b) Cover from Fire
(c) Look Through or Around Cover (d) Avoid Breaking a Straight Line
(e) Isolated Cover is Dangerous
7. Explain the following:

(a) Cover from View
(c) Look Through or Around Cover
(d) Avoid Breaking a Straight Line
(e) Isolated Cover is Dangerous
(a) Cover from View: A person is concealed only from view and not from fire
(b) Cover from Fire: This means that the concealed person is protected both
from view and fire of weapon.
(c) Look Through or Around Cover: Whenever possible look through or

around the cover but not over it.
(d) Avoid Breaking a Straight Line: Skyline/light coloured background is the

worst background as the object against it will be found out because of contrasting
background and shape.
(e) Isolated Cover is Dangerous: Eye catches isolated cover easily especially
if there is any movement near it.
******************************************************
CHAPTER FCBC IV : FIRE AND MOVE CAPSULE
1. What is Field Signals?

Whenever someone wants to convey his message one has to raise his voice. In olden days
smoke, sound of drum was the mode to convey messages from one village to another.
2. Signals with hand:-

(a) Deploy : Right arm fully extended above head and waved from side to side, palm open.
(b) Advance : Right arm swung from rear to front in “under arm blowing” fashion.
(c) Halt : Right arm raised to full extent above head.
(d) Turn About : Right arm raised and bent above head.
(e) Change Direction: Right arm raised to front in line with shoulder. Body then turned in
required direction
(f) Close: Right hand place on top of head, elbow to the right.

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(g) Follow me: Right arm swung from rear to front above the shoulder in “over arm bowling”
fashion.
(h) Enemy Approaching: Both hands open, palm inwards at waist level, with inwards
scooping motion.
(i) Enemy LMG firing : Right hand thumb down signal.
(j) Attack: Punching motion with Right or Left hand according to direction of attack.
(k) Closed to Rendezvous : Close sign followed by both hands clasped in front of body at
waist level.
(l) Infantry obstacle ahead : Both hands crossed in front of body at the waist, palm open
downwards.
3. Signals with Weapons :

(a) Enemy in Sight : Rifle held above the head parallel to the small number muzzle in the
direction of the enemy.
(b) Enemy in Sight in large number : As per (a) above, but arm moved up and several
times.
(c) Advance : Both arms raised to form the letter U
4. Signals with Whistle:

(a) Cautionary Blast: A short blast to draw attention to a signal or order about to be given.
(b) The Alarm Blast : A succession of alternate long and short whistle blasts.
(c) Enemy Aircraft : A succession of short blasts.
(d) Enemy Aircraft departed : Two long blasts repeated at interval of five seconds.
5. When are Field signals used as means of giving orders?

When voice control is not possible due to:
(a) Battle Noises. (b) Need for Silence (c) Intervening Distances are Too Large
6. What are the Methods to attract attention of troops before any field signal is executed?
Methods to Attract Attention of Troops are:
(a) A Short Blast of Whistle. (b) A Bird Call. (c) Whistle by Mouth.
(d) Clicks(By using tongue). (e) Clicks by Fingers.
7. What are the Field Signals By Day?

(a) Flags: (Red, Green and White flags).
(b) Mercury coated mirrors.
(c) Smoke.
(d) Miscellaneous: Various signals can be improvised and pre-arranged as under:-
(i) Clothes superficially hung out to dry.
(ii) Hurricane lamp, kept in the window.
(iii) Flashing of torch is used as Morse Code.

27
(iv) Applying various colours / signs on forehead and arms
8. What are the Field Signals by Night?

(a) Pre decided signals on a walkie talkie. (b) Click by fingers.
(c) Clicks by using tongue. (d) Whistle by the mouth.
(e) Use of rope. (f) Use of colour light.
(g) Use of blacked out torch. (h) Firing of weapon.
9. Define Section Formation?

Various formations are used when troops come in contact with the enemy.
10. What are the type of formation adopted In section formation?

(a) Degree of control required to be exercised by the Section Commander.
(b) Type of ground.
(c) Necessity of bringing down maximum fire with minimum delay.
(d) Task.
11. What is Section?

A Section is the smallest sub unit of an Infantry Battalion and is capable of undertaking
independent task. It consists of ten persons who are organized in Rifle group and Support
Group.
12. What are the different types of formations adopted by a section?

(a) Single File Formation (d) File Formation
(b) Arrow Head Formation (e) Spear Head Formation
(c) Diamond Formation (f) Extended Line Formation
13. Explain the types of section formations?

(a) Single File. Both arms stretched in the opposite direction in front and behind the
body making a straight line at 45 degree angle.
(b) File. Both arms stretched down wards and behind body kept parallel to each other.
(c) Arrow Head. Both arms stretched little behind the body opening outwards at an angle
of 45 degrees from shoulders.
(d) Spear Head. Arms raised upward with hands folded on top of the head.
(e) Diamond. One arm raised with thumbs up sig placed over the head
(f) Extended Line. Both arms stretched outwards from the shoulders and kept parallel to
Ground.
14. What is Scout?

Scouts are the eyes and ears of the section. Scouts always work in pairs. They work ahead
of the leading section and advance from bound to bound. As scouts, one must always be
alert.
15. What are the importance terms of Fire Control Orders?

(a) Fire Unit (c) Fire Direction Orders
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(b) Fire Control Orders (d) Arc of Fire
16. What factors to be borne in mind by a Section Commander?

There are certain factors which must be remembered before giving fire control orders.
(a) Indication (b) Range
(c) Best Weapons to Use (d) Rate of Fire
17. Write down the method of Giving the Orders?

The four main rules which must be adhered to are: -
(a) The orders should be given clearly, calmly and concisely.
(b) It should be given loudly so as to be heard above the noises of the battle.
(c) It must be given as an order, to be obeyed as such.
(d) It should be given with adequate pauses, so that those being addressed may have the
time to take the correct action. For example there must be time for sight adjustment after
the range is given.
18. What are the sequence of Fire Control Orders?

‘GRIT’
(a) G - The Group of the section
(b) R - The range to the target
(c) I - The indication of the target
(d) T - The type of fire to be employed
19. Write the four types of fire control orders?

(a) Delayed Fire Control Orders (b) Full Fire Control Orders
(c) Opportunity Fire Control Orders (d) Brief Fire Control Orders
20. Fire Control Orders are necessary to achieve the following:-

(a) Maintain fire discipline.
(b) Conserve and expend ammunition and use it judiciously and effectively.
(c) Not to disclose own position prematurely at long ranges, as chances of enemy escaping
are more and they
would have taken away information of your dispositions, which is not desirable.
(d) Engage targets with speed.
(e) Maintain surprise.
21. When to use Fire and Movement Tactics?

Fire & movement tactics may be used in following circumstances: -
(a) The enemy has opened SA fire which is effective.
(b) When own troops have seen the en first - within 400 to 700 meters.
(c) When the en is known or suspected to be in a certain area, then fire & movement tactics
may be adopted when the troops reach within the effective range of en
weapons/observation. (Instructor to explain as to what could be the effective range of
enemy’s personal weapon)
(d) To cross obstacles by day or by night, e.g. nullahs /rivers.
22. What are the basic considerations for fire & movement?
(a) No movement on exposed ground without covering fire.
(b) Control by the Commander
(c)The angle of covering fire from direct firing weapons
(d) Full use of Available Cover
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(e) Optimum use of all Available Weapons
23. How is ground appreciated?

Ground should be considered from the enemies’ point of view & it should be appreciated for
the following:-
(a) Fire positions. (b) Observation positions.
(c) Cover from fire. (d) Cover from view. (e) Obstacles.
24. What are the types of Cover

(a) Undulating ground which is the least obvious form of cover;
(b) Sunken roads, beds of streams and ditches which give good cover from view and often
from fire as well
(c) Hedges and bushes give cover from view but not from fire.
(d) Woods which give cover to men and vehicles from enemy air and ground observation.
(e) Buildings and walls afford concealment and protection from small arms
25. What are the advantages of Maps and Air Photographs?

(a) Are more up-to-date. (b) Gives more detail.
(c) Show the size and shape of features accurately.
(d) Allow gradient to be seen in relief with a stereoscope.
26. What are the Limitations of Maps and Air Photographs?

(a) Complete geographical cover almost impossible. (b) Expensive to produce.
(c) Scales vary. (d) Details of heights not given.
27. List out the selection of Fire Positions and Fire Control?
The ideal fire position should:-
(a) Provide cover from fire. (b) Provide cover from view.
(c) Afford a good view of the ground to be watched or target to be engaged.
(d) Provide room in which to use the weapon freely.
(e) Have a covered approach. (f) Be easy to advance from.
********************************************
CHAPTER FCBC V : KNOTS, LASHINGS AND STRETCHERS
1. What do you understand tying of Knots?

The ability to join two pieces of natural material together, and so increase their length,
gives man the ability to make full use of many natural materials found locally. Sailors
probably did more to develop order in the tying of knots, because for them it was
necessary not only to tie securely but also to be able to untie, often in the dark and under
conditions of bad weather and with rain-tightened ropes.
2. What is the letter "F" means in tying of Knots?

The letter "F" means the free or untied end of the rope
3. What is the letter “S” means in tying of knots?

Letter "S" means the standing or secured end.
4. What are the types of Knots use for Rope Ends or for Grips on Thin Rope?
(a) Thumb Knot (b) Overhand Knot (c) Figure Eight
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5. What are the types of Knots use for Joining Ropes?

(a) Sheet Bend (b) Double Sheet Bend
(c) Crossover Sheet Bend (d) Reef Knot
(e) Thief Knot (f) Carrick Bend (g) Fisherman’s Knot
6. What Knots are used to make Loops in Rope?

(a) Bowline (b) Bowline On A Bight (c) Fisherman's Eye Knot
7. What are the Knots use for Fastening Ropes?

(a) Slippery Hitch (b) Clove Hitch (c) Boat Knot (d) Double Boat Knot
8. What are Lashing?

The methods employed to tie with ropes poles or any rope to a stationary object to
securely hold it in place is known as lashing.
9. What are the types of Lashings?

(a) Square Lashing. (b) Frapping Turns.
10. What is Stretchers? Write down the types of stretchers.

A stretcher, litter, or pram is an apparatus used for moving patients who require medical
care.
(a) Basic stretchers (b) Wheeled stretchers (c) Other types of stretchers
***********************************************************
CHAPTER VI: ORGANISATION OF AN INFANTRY BATTALION AND ITS WEAPONS (INF)
1. What is Infantry Battalion?

The infantry battalion is the most important organisation of the army. It is trained and
equipped to face any adverse situation. It can fight an enemy independently or as part of a
larger force. It has the sustenance power and motivation to fight till the end.
2. What are the capabilities of Infantry Battalion?

(a) Self Reliance (b) Ability to Hold Ground
(c) Adaptability (d) Mobility (e) Vulnerability.
3. What are the types of Company Support Weapons?

The company support weapons are used both in defensive and offensive operations.
(a) 7.62mm Dragunov Sniper Rifle (c) 7.62mm Medium Machine Gun
(b) 30 mm Medium Grenade Launcher (d) Anti material Rifles.
4. Write down the characteristic of 7.62 mm Dragunov Sniper Rifle?

(a) Caliber - 7.62mm.
(b) Range - 800 Mtr.
(c) Range with telescope sight - 1300 Mtr.
(d) Weight - 4.3 Kg.
(e) Magazine capacity - 10 Rounds.
(f) Ammunition fired.
(i) Armor Piercing.
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(ii) Sniper Balls.

(iii) Steel Core.
(iv) Tracer.
(v) Incendiary.
5. Write down the characteristics of 7.62 mm Medium Machine Gun?

(a) Weight.
(i) Gun - 14.2 Kg.
(ii) Tripod - 10.2Kg.
(b) Effective Battle Range - 1800m.
(c) Traverse - 360 degree.
(d) No. of rounds in belt -235 Rounds.
(e) Rate of Fire.
(i) Normal - 100 rounds per min.
(ii) Rapid - 200 rounds per min.
(iii) Cyclic - 500-1000 rounds per min. (Adjustable by setting of gas regulator).
(f) Length of Service Burst - 20 rounds.
(g) Sustained Fire - Being air-cooled can maintain normal rate of fire indefinitely
However barrel should be changed after firing four belts.
(h) Beaten Zone.
Range Beaten Zone
(i) 560m 110m x 1m.
(ii) 600m 100m x 1m.
(iii) 1200m 65m x 3m.
(iv) 1800m 50m x 4m.
(i) Trajectory -When the sight is fixed up to 600m bullets do not rise above
1.2m (4 ft).
(j) Night Firing -It is possible to fire the gun at night using passive night sight.
6. Characteristics of 30mm Automatic Grenade Launcher

(a) Weight
(i) Launcher - 18 kg.
(ii) Mount - 12 kg.
(iii) Sight - 1 kg (without case); 3.5 kg (with case).
(iv) Gun Box - 14.5 kg (with 29 grenades in one belt).
(v) Sight with case - 3.5 kg.
(b) Range -800 to1700 m (With and without sight).
(c) Rate of Fire
(i) Normal - 50grenades/Min.
(ii) Rapid 100grenades/Min.
(iii) Cyclic 350 to 400grenades/Min.
(d) Flexibility. It can be mounted on a vehicle or helicopter. It can fire in low angle as
well as in high angle. It has crest clearance capability. Flexibility is mainly due to:-
(i) Controlled Elevation - 67 degrees.
(ii) Controlled Depression - 14 degrees.
(iii) Free Traverse - 260 degrees.
(e) Effect of Fire. It fires a fragmentation type of grenade which can be fired in a single
shot or burst mode. The killing area of a grenade is 7 m all around from the point of burst.
7. What is the limitations of 30mm Automatic Grenade Launcher?

(a) Due to sustained fire small parts get damaged.
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(b) Barrel needs to be cooled after firing 80 to 90 grenades.

(c) It gives out flash and blast on firing.
8. What are the characteristic of 84 mm Rocket Launcher

(a) Caliber– 84 mm.
(b) Weight– 16 kg with mount and telescopic sight.
(c) Length – 1065 mm.
(d) Traverse– No traverse of its own.
(e) Range.
(i) HEAT - 400m (moving targets) and 500 m (stationery targets).
(ii) HE - 1000m (killing area 10 m).
(iii) Smoke - 1300 m (width 15 m).
(iv) Illumination – 2100 m (area of 400- 500 m diameter for 30 seconds).
(f) Rate of fire Maximum sustained 06 rounds per minute.
(g) Types of ammunition Heat, HE, Smoke, Illumination.
(h) Armor Penetration 400 mm (Heat).
(i) Back Blast Area 15 m.
Types of Battalion Support Weapons
9. Characteristics of 81mm Mortars.

(a) Caliber - 81 mm.
(b) Weight - 40.6 kg (without sight).
4.7 kg (sight without case).
(c) Range
(i) Minimum – 68mts (from safety point of view 90 m ).
(ii) Maximum – 5200 m.
(d) Rate of Fire (per minute).

(i) Slow – 6-8 rounds.
(ii) Normal – 9-11 rounds.
(iii) Rapid – 12- 20 rounds.
(e) Muzzle Velocity – 305 m/sec (maximum).

(f) Elevation Limit –45 degrees to 85 degrees (g).
(g) Safety Distance – Flanking 200 m, Overhead 250 m.
10. Anti Tank Guided Missile (ATGM)

(a) Minimum Range - 75m.
(b) Maximum Range - 2500m.
(c) Rate of Fire - 03 missiles per minute.
(d) Hit Probability - 90% to 96%.
(e) Accuracy - 60 cm around point of aim, at maximum range.
(f) Generation - Second.
(g) Launcher Mount (i) Traverse - 360 degrees.
(ii) Elevation - 8degrees + 20 degrees.
(iii) Magnification - 10 times.
(h) Guidance - Semi automatic optically tracked Wire guided.
(i) Penetration - At 90 degrees angle of.
(j) Impact 460mm - At 60 degrees angle of impact 230mm.

33
11. Characteristics, Ammunition and Fire Power of 5.56 MM INSAS RIFLE
(a) Calibre - 5.56 mm.

(b) Length of Rifle without bayonet - 960 mm.
(c) Length of Rifle with bayonet - 1110 mm.
(d) Length of barrel - 464 mm.
(e) Weight
(i) Fixed butt with empty magazine - 3.6 kg.
(ii) Fixed butt with loaded magazine - 3.69 kg.
(iii) Full magazine - 90 gm.
(iv) Bayonet - 305 gm.
(f) Effective range - 400 m.
(g) Sight Radius - 470 mm.
(h) Principle of Operation - Gas Operated.
(i) Penetration - 3 mm at 700m.
(j) Mode of fire - Single Shot and Three Round Burst.
(k) Rate of Fire
(a) Normal - 60 rounds.
(b) TRB (Three Round Burst) - 90 rounds/min.
(c) Intense - 150 rounds/min.
(d) Cyclic - 600 to 650 rounds/min.
12. What are the type of Ammunition of 5.56 MM INSAS RIFLE

(a) Ball Round. (b) Tracer Round.
(c) Blank Round. (d) High Density (HD) Cartridge.
13. What are the cleaning items required for 5.56 MM INSAS RIFLE?
Items required for cleaning are as under :-
(a) Oil bottle with oil. (b) Brush cleaning bore.
(c) Pull through. (d) Road cleaning barrel.
(e) Tool adjusting sight/rear sight. (f) Tool removing repair case.
(g) Chindi. (h) Drift.
14. What are the Rifle parts of 5.56 MM INSAS Rifle to be oiled?
(a) Complete breach box less its face. (b) Magazine Catch.
(c) Trigger mechanism. (d) Rifle spring Assembly.
15. What are Rifle parts of 5.56 MM INSAS Rifle not to be oiled?
(a) Barrel. (b) Cylinder. (c) Gas plug.
(d) Piston extension assembly. (e) Magazine platform site.
16. How is 5.56 mm INSAS rifle assemble carried out in reverse sequence of stripping?
(a) Assembling of mag.

34
(b) Assembling of extractor and firing pin.

(c) Assembling of hand guard.
(d) Assembling of piston extension and breach block.
(e) To insert piston extension assembly in gas cylinder and bracket.
(f) To insert recoil spring assembly in piston extension.
(g) To insert piston extension assembly and recoil spring in body housing.
(h) To close cover assembly and loading of retainer.
(j) Fix magazine.
17. What are the parts to inspect after Assembling of 5.56 mm Rifle?
(a) Remove magazine.
(b) Move change lever to ‘R’.
(c) Cock the rifle.
(d) Ensure piston extension has completely moved forward.
(e) Move change lever to ‘S’.
(f) Try to press trigger, it will not get pressed.
18. Write down the characteristics of 7.62 mm Dragunov Sniper Rifle?
(a) Caliber - 7.62mm.

(b) Range - 800 Mtr.
(c) Range with telescope sight - 1300 Mtr.
(d) Weight - 4.3 Kg.
(e) Magazine capacity - 10 Rounds.
(f) Ammunition fired.
(i) Armor Piercing.
(ii) Sniper Balls.
(iii) Steel Core.
(iv) Tracer.
(v) Incendiary.
19. Write down the characteristics of 7.62 mm Medium Machine Gun?
(a) Weight.
(i) Gun - 14.2 Kg.
35
(ii) Tripod - 10.2Kg.

(b) Effective Battle Range - 1800m.
(c) Traverse - 360 degree.
(d) No. of rounds in belt -235 Rounds.
(e) Rate of Fire.
(i) Normal - 100 rounds per min.
(ii) Rapid - 200 rounds per min.
(iii) Cyclic - 500-1000 rounds per min. (Adjustable by setting of gas regulator).
(f) Length of Service Burst - 20 rounds.
(g) Sustained Fire - Being air-cooled can maintain normal rate of fire indefinitely
However barrel should be changed after firing four belts.
(h) Beaten Zone.
Range Beaten Zone
(i) 560m 110m x 1m.
(ii) 600m 100m x 1m.
(iii) 1200m 65m x 3m.
(iv) 1800m 50m x 4m.
(i) Trajectory -When the sight is fixed up to 600m bullets do not rise above 1.2m (4 ft).
(j) Night Firing -It is possible to fire the gun at night using passive night sight.
20. Characteristics of 30mm Automatic Grenade Launcher.

(a) Weight
(i) Launcher - 18 kg.
(ii) Mount - 12 kg.
(iii) Sight - 1 kg (without case); 3.5 kg (with case).
(iv) Gun Box - 14.5 kg (with 29 grenades in one belt).
(v) Sight with case - 3.5 kg.
(b) Range - 800 to1700 m (With and without sight).
(c) Rate of Fire
(i) Normal - 50grenades/Min.
(ii) Rapid 100grenades/Min.
(iii) Cyclic 350 to 400grenades/Min.
(d) Flexibility. It can be mounted on a vehicle or helicopter. It can fire in low angle
as well as in high angle. It has crest clearance capability. Flexibility is mainly due to:-
(i) Controlled Elevation - 67 degrees.
(ii) Controlled Depression - 14 degrees.
(iii) Free Traverse - 260 degrees.
(e) Effect of Fire. It fires a fragmentation type of grenade which can be fired in a single shot or
burst mode. The killing area of a grenade is 7 m all around from the point of burst.
(f) Limitations. It has the following limitations:-
(i) Due to sustained fire small parts get damaged.
(ii) Barrel needs to be cooled after firing 80 to 90 grenades.
(iii) It gives out flash and blast on firing.
21. Characteristics of 84 mm Rocket Launcher.

(a) Caliber– 84 mm.
(b) Weight– 16 kg with mount and telescopic sight.
(c) Length – 1065 mm.
(d) Traverse– No traverse of its own.
(e) Range.
(i) HEAT - 400m (moving targets) and 500 m (stationery targets).
(ii) HE - 1000m (killing area 10 m).
(iii) Smoke - 1300 m (width 15 m).
(iv) Illumination – 2100 m (area of 400- 500 m diameter for 30 seconds).
(f) Rate of fire Maximum sustained 06 rounds per minute.

36
(g) Types of ammunition Heat, HE, Smoke, Illumination.

(h) Armor Penetration 400 mm (Heat).
(i) Back Blast Area 15 m.
22. Characteristic of 81MM Mortars?

(a) Caliber - 81 mm.
(b) Weight - 40.6 kg (without sight). 4.7 kg (sight without case).
(c) Range
(i) Minimum – 68mts (from safety point of view 90 m ).
(ii) Maximum – 5200 m.
(d) Rate of Fire (per minute).
(i) Slow – 6-8 rounds.
(ii) Normal – 9-11 rounds.
(iii) Rapid – 12- 20 rounds.
(e) Muzzle Velocity – 305 m/sec (maximum).
(f) Elevation Limit –45 degrees to 85 degrees (g).
(g) Safety Distance – Flanking 200 m, Overhead 250 m.
23. Characteristic of Anti Tank Guided Missile (ATGM)?

(a) Minimum Range - 75m.
(b) Maximum Range - 2500m.
(c) Rate of Fire - 03 missiles per minute.
(d) Hit Probability - 90% to 96%.
(e) Accuracy - 60 cm around point of aim, at maximum range.
(f) Generation - Second.
(g) Launcher Mount
(i) Traverse - 360 degrees.
(ii) Elevation - 8degrees + 20 degrees.
(iii) Magnification - 10 times.
(h) Guidance - Semi automatic optically tracked Wire guided.
(i) Penetration - At 90 degrees angle of.
(j) Impact 460mm - At 60 degrees angle of impact 230mm.
24. Draw the outline organization of Infantry Bn
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MILITARY HISTORY (MH)
CHAPTER I : BIOGRAPHIES OF RENOWNED GENERALS
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1. Define Military History?

Military History is a humanities discipline, within the scope of general historical recording of
armed conflicts in the history of humanity, and its impact on the societies, their cultures,
economies and changing intra and international relationships.
2. Why is military history study essential?

The essential subjects of military history study are the causes of war, the social and cultural
foundations, military doctrine on each side, the logistics, leadership, technology, strategy,
and tactics used, and how these changed over time. Thus it is a dynamic discipline.
3. How is study of military history affects the future of civilisations?

(a) Most voters lack any military experience, yet elect leaders,
(b) Lack of experience to control the most powerful armies in the world.
(c) These leaders will determine if and how their countries will wage wars. These
decisions will affect the future of civilizations.
(d) Military history fills in the gap where personal experience is sorely lacking.
(e) As warfare continues to influence our world today, we who study military history must
continue to learn, and to teach, the lessons demonstrated in history.
4. Study of Military History is a must for Political and Military Commanders. List out in point
form?
(a) History can also show how certain plans/moves led to victory or defeat.
(b) Military and Civil leaders can strategize based on the history to develop more
concrete techniques to win the battles in future.
(c) History has also taught us that it is important to have the support of our home front
prior to sending our soldiers to war, especially for extended periods.
(d) We must also understand the ideology of our enemy.
(e) Soldiers can learn strategy, operational art, tactics, techniques, battle
procedures/drills, logistic and management aspects, leadership qualities and styles from
military history.
5. Write short notes on Field Marshal Kodandera "Kipper" Madappa Cariappa OBE?
Field Marshal Kodandera "Kipper" Madappa Cariappa OBE was born at Shanivarsante in
Kodagu (Coorg) which is currently in Karnataka. He was commissioned into the Carnatic
Infantry at Bombay as a Temporary Second Lieutenant. He was the first Indian Chief of
Army Staff of the Indian Army and led the Indian forces on the Western Front during the
Indo-Pakistan War of 1947-48. He is among only two Indian Army officers to hold the
highest rank of Field Marshal (the other being Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw). His
distinguished military career spanned almost three decades, at the highest point of which,
he was appointed as the Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Military in 1949.
Cariappa was the first Indian officer to undergo the course at Staff College, Quetta in 1933.
Cariappa served in Iraq, Syria and Iran from 1941–1942 and then in Burma in 1943-1944.
He spent many of his soldiering years in Waziristan. He was the first Indian Officer to be
given command of a unit in 1942. Post-Independence, Cariappa was appointed as the
Deputy Chief of the General Staff with the rank of Major General. On promotion to
Lieutenant General he became the Eastern Army Commander. On outbreak of war with
Pakistan in 1947, he was moved as General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Western
Command and directed operations for the recapture of Zojila, Drass and Kargil and re-
established a linkup with Leh. In all this, he showed tremendous energy in moving troops,
against considerable odds and finally ensuring success. On 15 January 1949 Cariappa was

38
appointed as the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army. Cariappa was then
instrumental in turning an imperial army into a national army. After his retirement from
Indian Army in 1953, he served as the High Commissioner to Australia and New Zealand till
1956. He was conferred with 'Order of the Chief Commander of the Legion of Merit' by US
President, Harry S. Truman. As a token of gratitude of the nation for the exemplary service
rendered by him, the Government of India conferred Cariappa with the rank of Field
Marshal On 14th January 1986 and at the age of 87.
6. Write short notes on Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw?

Sam Hormusji Framji Jamshedji Manekshaw was born on 3 April 1914 into the
Manekshaw family at Amritsar. Sam was amongst the first batch of Indians to qualify in
the examination to gain admission and enroll into the "Indian Military Academy" at Dehra
Dun. He joined the Academy on 30th September, 1932. Being a good tennis player, he
was appointed the Captain of the "Academy Tennis Team" and was awarded the "Tennis
Blue" on 12th October 1933.
On passing out from the Academy he was commissioned into the Indian Army as a
Second Lieutenant in "The Frontier Force Regiment" on 4th February 1934. The "First
Course" with which Sam passed out, gave three chiefs to three Armies! They were,
General Sam Manekshaw-Indian Army, General Mohammed Musa-Pakistan Army and
General Smith Dun- Burmese Army. On completion of his attachment, as was customary
then, with a British Infantry Battalion, the 2nd Battalion the Royal Scots, he joined the 4th
Battalion, 12 Frontier Force Regiment, also known as the 54 th Sikhs. After partition of
India, this Regiment opted to join the Pakistan Army.
Land Marks
1914: Born in Amritsar.
1933: Joins the Indian Military Academy.
1934: Commissioned into the army.
1947: Pakistan invades Kashmir. Is Colonel in charge of operations.
1962: Sent to NEFA to check further Chinese intrusion.
1965: Commander, Eastern Command during the Indo-Pak war.
1969: Appointed Chief of the Army staff.
1971: Indo-Pak war. Steers India to victory, and Bangladesh is created.
1973: Given the rank of Field Marshal.
7. Write short notes on Marshal Of The Air Force Arjan Singh

Arjan Singh was born on 15 April 1919 in Lyallpur in the Punjab in what was then British
India. He was educated at Montgomery, India (now in Pakistan). He entered the RAF
College Cranwell in 1938 and was commissioned as a Pilot Officer in December 1939. As a
distinguished graduate of the RAF College, Singh's portrait is found on the walls of the
College's west staircase. Air Marshal Arjan Singh led No.1 Squadron, Indian Air Force into
command during the Arakan Campaign in 1944. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying
Cross (DFC) in 1944, and commanded the Indian Air Force Exhibition Flight in 1945.
He was Chief of the Air Staff (CAS), from 1 August 1964 to 15 July 1969, and was awarded
the Padma Vibhushan in 1965. He also became the first Air Chief Marshal of the Indian Air
Force when, in recognition of the Air Force contribution in the 1965 war, the rank of the
Chief of Air Staff was upgraded to that of Air Chief Marshal. After he retired in 1969 at the
age of 50, he was appointed the Indian Ambassador to Switzerland in 1971. He
concurrently served as the Ambassador to the Vatican. He was appointed High
Commissioner to Kenya in 1974. He was member of the Minorities Commission,
Government of India from 1975-1981. He was Lt. Governor of Delhi from Dec 1989 - Dec

39
1990 and was made Marshal of the Air Force in January, 2002. He expired on 16th Sep
2017.
Career Highlights.
(a) 1938-Entered RAF College Cranwell as a Flight Cadet.
(b) 1939-Commissioned in Royal Air Force as a Pilot Officer.
(c) 1945-Awarded Distinguished Flying Cross.
(d) 1964-Chief of Air Staff (Air Marshal).
(e) 1965-Chief of Air Staff rank upgraded to Air Chief Marshal.
(f) 1965-Awarded Padma Vibhushan.
(g) 1969-Retired from Indian Air Force.
(h) 1971-Ambassador to Switzerland.
(i) 1974-High Commissioner to Kenya.
(j) 2002-Marshal of the Air Force.
********************************************************************
CHAPTER MH II : INDIAN ARMY WAR HEROES PVC
1. List at least six most notable bravest soldiers to have received the Param Vir Chakra?
(a) Major Somnath Sharma - 4th Battalion, Kumaon Regiment
(b) 2 LieutenantRama Raghoba Rane - Corps of Engineers
(c) NaikJaduNath Singh Rathore -1st Battalion, Rajput Regiment
(d) Company HavildarMajorPiru Singh -6th Battalion, Rajputana Rifles
(e) Lance NaikKaram Singh -1st Battalion, Sikh Regiment
(f) Captain Gurbachan Singh Salaria
2. Recipients Of The Paramvir Chakras.

The country has awarded 21 Param Veer Chakras for exemplary courage and bravery to
the following brave soldiers :-
(a) Maj Somnath Sharma, 4 KUMAON Badgam, Kashmir November 3, 1947.
(b) Naik Jadunath Singh Rajput Taindhara, Naushera, Kashmir February 6, 1948.
(c) 2nd Lt Rama Raghoba Rane Bombay Engineers Naushera Rajouri Road April 8-11,
1948.
(d) Company Haviladar Major Piru Singh 6 Rajputana Rifles Tithwal sector, J&K July 18,
1948.
(e) Lance Naik Karam Singh 1 Sikh Tithwal sector, J&K October 13, 1948.
(f) Captain Gurbachan Singh Salaria 3/1 Gorkha Rifles Elizabethville, Katanga, Congo
December 5, 1961.
(g) Major Dhan Singh Thapa 1/8 Gorkha Rifles Ladakh October 21, 1962.
(h) Subedar Joginder Singh 1 Sikh Tawang, Arunachal October 20-23, 1962.
(i) Major Shaitan Singh 13 Kumaon Regiment Rezang La, Chusul sector, Ladakh
November 18, 1962.

40
(j) Lt Col A B Tarapore 17 Poona Horse Phillora, Sialkot, Pakistan September 11-16, 1965.
(k) Company Quartermaster Havildar Abdul Hamid 4 Grenadiers Cheema, Khem Karan
September 10, 1965.
(l) Lance Naik Albert Ekka 14 Guards, Gangasagar, 6 1/2km west of Agartala December 4,
1971.
(m) Flying Officer Nirmaljit Singh Sekhon No.18 "Flying Bullets" Squadron Srinagar
December 14, 1971.
(n) Second Lt Arun Khetarpal 17 Poona Horse, 47 Infantry Brigade Shakargarh sector
December 16, 1971.
(o) Major Hoshiar Singh Grenadiers Regiment Shakargarh sector December 17, 1971.
(p) Naib Subedar Bana Singh J&K Light Infantry Siachen 1987.
(q) Major Ramaswamy Parameswaram Mahar Regiment Sri Lanka (Operation Pawan)
November 25, 1987.
(r) Captain Vikram Batra13 J&K Rifles July 7, 1999.
(s) Lt Manoj Kumar Pandey 1/11 Gorkha Rifles July 2-3, 1999.
(t) Grenadier Yogendra Singh Yadav 18 Grenadiers July 3-4, 1999.
(u) Rifleman Sanjay Kumar13 J&k Rifles July 4, 1999.
3. Write Short notes on CHM Piru Singh, PVC.

Company Havildar Major Piru Singh Shekhawat (20 May 1918 – 18 July 1948) was an
Indian Army soldier, awarded the Param Vir Chakra (PVC), India's highest military
decoration. Singh enrolled in the British Indian Army on 20 May 1936, and was assigned to
the 1st Punjab Regiment. Between 1940 and 1945, he served on the North-West Frontier
and as an instructor, before deploying to Japan as part of the British Commonwealth
Occupation Force. After independence, he took part in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947,
serving with the Indian Army's 6th Rajputana Rifles. During the battle, Singh was part of the
leading section of a company that was assigned to capture a Pakistani post at Tithwal, in
Jammu and Kashmir. Soon after their attack was launched, the company suffered heavy
casualties. In time, Singh successfully occupied a Pakistani medium machine-gun post.
But, by that time, the entire company lay dead or wounded. Singh was left alone to achieve
the objective. He moved out and lobbed grenades at the next enemy post. Before moving to
another trench, he received a mortal bullet wound to the head.
4. Write short notes on MAJ Shaitan Singh,PVC.

Major Shaitan Singh was born on December 1, 1924 at Jodhpur in Rajasthan. His father
was Lt Col Hem Singh Bhati. Major Shaitan Singh was commanding a company of an
infantry battalion deployed at Rezang La in the Chushul sector at a height of about 17,000
feet. The locality was isolated from the main defended sector and consisted of five platoon-
defended positions. On 18 November 1962, the Chinese forces subjected the company
position to heavy artillery, mortar and small arms fire and attacked it in overwhelming

41
strength in several successive waves. Against heavy odds, our troops beat back successive
waves of enemy attack.
During the action, Major Shaitan Singh dominated the scene of operations and moved at
great personal risk from one platoon post to another, sustaining the morale of his hard-
pressed platoon posts. While doing so he was seriously wounded but continued to
encourage and lead his men who, following his brave example, fought gallantly and inflicted
heavy casualties on the enemy. For every man lost to us, the enemy lost four or five. When
Major Shaitan Singh fell disabled by wounds in his arms and abdomen, his men tried to
evacuate him but they came under heavy machine-gun fire. Major Shaitan Singh then
ordered his men to leave him to his fate in order to save their lives.
5. Write short notes on Captain Vikram Batra, PVC.

Vikram Batra was born on 9 September 1974 in Ghuggar village near Palampur, Himachal
Pradesh, to GL Batra and Jai Kamal Batra. After passing his 10+2 in 1992 from Central
School Palampur, he got admitted in D.A.V. College, Chandigarh in B.Sc where he was
adjudged the best N.C.C. Cadet (Air Wing) in two zones. Later, he was selected to join the
Indian Military Academy in Dehradun in 1996 in Jessore company of Manekshaw Battalion,
and was commissioned in the Indian Army as a Lieutenant of the 13 Jammu & Kashmir
Rifles at Sopore, in Jammu and Kashmir. He rose to the rank of Captain.
During the Kargil invasion of 1999 by Pakistan, Lt Batra (at time), 13 JAK Rifles, and his
Delta Company were ordered to recapture peak 5140 on June 19, 1999 five weeks after the
war began. Nicknamed SherShah ('Lion King') in Urdu for his courage which also doubled
as his call sign, he decided to approach the hill from the rear, aiming to surprise the
Pakistani defenders. He single-handedly killed three enemy soldiers in close combat. He
was seriously injured in the process, but insisted on regrouping his men to continue with the
mission.
Inspired by the courage displayed by Captain Batra, the soldiers of 13 JAK Rifles charged
the enemy position and captured Point 5140 at 3:30 a.m. on 20 June 1999. The capture of
Point 5140 set in motion a string of successes, such as Point 5100, Point 4700, Junction
Peak and Three Pimples. Along with fellow Captain Anuj Nayyar, Batra led his men to
victory with the recapture of Point 4750 and Point 4875. This led to the fall of Tiger Hill and
India’s eventual hold on the valley was strengthened. Nine days later, Vikram Batra was
assigned to an urgent mission to recapture peak 4875. This was one of the most difficult
peaks to capture as the Pakistani troops sat above the peak at 16,000 feet and the climb
gradient was 80 degrees. The fog made matters worse for Batra and his team. In the early
morning hours of 7 July 1999, he commanded a mission to rescue an injured officer during
a Pakistani counterattack against Point 4875. During the rescue attempt, he pushed aside
his Subedar, saying "Tu baal-bacche dar hai, hat ja peeche."(You have children, step
aside) and was killed in action while clearing enemy positions. His last words were, "Jai
Mata Di.", which is a Punjabi creed referring to Durgadevi, the Hindu Goddess of Victory.
************************************************
CHAPTER MH III : STUDY OF BATTLES OF INDO-PAK WAR 1965, 1971, OPREATION
MEGHDOOT AND KARGIL
1. List out the war fought from 1947-1948 between India and Pakistan?
(a) 1965 War. (b) 1965 War
(c) 1971 War (d) 1999 Kargil War (e) Proxy war in J & K state since 1988 till date
2. Write short notes on the Battle of Longewala?

42
Pakistan launched a counter-attack against India on the western front. On 4 December

1971, the A company of the 23rd Battalion of India's Punjab Regiment detected and
intercepted the movement of the 51st Infantry Brigade of the Pakistani Army near Ramgarh,
Rajasthan. The battle of Longewala ensued during which the A company, though being out-
numbered, thwarted the Pakistani advance until the Indian Air Force directed its fighters to
engage the Pakistani tanks. By the time the battle had ended, 38 Pakistani tanks and 100
armoured vehicles were either destroyed or abandoned. About 200 Pakistani troops were
killed in action during the battle while only 2 Indian soldiers lost their lives.
3. Write short notes on Operation Meghdoot?

Operation Meghdoot. The Indian Army planned an operation to control the glacier by 13
April 1984, to pre empt the Pakistani Army by about 4 days, as intelligence had reported
that the Pakistani operation planned to occupy the glacier by 17 April. Named for the divine
cloud messenger, Meghaduta, from the 4th century AD Sanskrit play by Kalidasa,
Operation Meghdoot was led by Lieutenant General Prem Nath Hoon. The task of
occupying the Saltoro ridge was given to 26 Sector, commanded by Brigadier Vijay
Channa, who was tasked with launching the operation between April 10 and 30. He chose
April 13, supposedly an unlucky date, because it was the Vaisakhi day, when the Pakistanis
would be least expecting the Indians to launch an operation.
4. Write short notes on Kargil Conflict?

The Kargil conflicts was different to the usual hostilities across the areas LOC. Earlier each
spring PAK intensified the cross border firing to facilitated infiltration, but there was no
physical occupations of Indian territory. The Kargil episode was entirely different in that, it
involved the intrusion of regular Pakistan troops across the LOC command, interspersed
with Mujahideen of Pakistan and other foreign origin. They succeeded in occupying and
fortifying a number of critical locations on the Indian side of the LOC.
5. Into how many sectors is the states of J & K divided? Name them?
Six sectors. These are:
(a) Ladakh sector, (b) Kargil Sector, (c) Kashmir Valley,
(d) Rajauri sector, (e) Chhamb sector (f) Jammu sector
6. Write notes on War of 1965.

(a) Pakistan launched Operation Gibraltar to support insurgency in J&K against Indian rule.
(b) In retaliation India launched Operation Grand Slam in western sector against Pakistan.
(c) The famous battles of 1965 war include Battle of Asal-Uttar, Battle of Dograi etc.
(d) Battle of Chawinda was the largest tank battle in the history after World War II.
7. Write short notes on War of 1971.

(a) In early1971,India declared its full-support for the Bengali rebels ,Known as Mukti
Bahini.
(b) Battle of Longewala was fought on 4 December 1971.
(c) On16 December 1971, more than 90000 Pakistani soldiers surrendered at Dhaka.
*********************************************************
COMMUNICATION (C)

43
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION AND LATEST TRENDS
1. What are the advantages of Line communication?

(a) Reliable and practically free from electrical interference.
(b) Relatively secure.
(c ) Number of circuits and message carrying capacity is more but limited only by
availability of material and manpower.
2. What are the disadvantages of Line?

(a) Vulnerable to physical interference and enemy interception along the entire length
of the route.
(b) Takes time to construct.
(c ) Inflexible once it is laid.
(d) Expensive in men and material
3. What is Radio Communication ?

Radio is the technology of using radio waves to carry information such as sound, by
systematically modulating properties of electromagnetic energy waves
4. What are Wave?

A wave can be described as a disturbance that travels through a medium from one location
to another location
5. What are the types of waves?

Types of waves can broadly be divided in two parts
(a) Mechanical Waves (b) Electromagnetic Waves. (c) Propagation of Wave
6. What are the four types of Propagation of Wave?

(a) Ground Wave Propagation (b) Sky Wave Propagation
(c ) Space Wave Propagation (d) Tropospheric Scatter Propagation
7. What are the facilities of Net radio?

(a) Radio Telephony – Simplex, depending on the type of equipment available.
(b) Radio telegraphy for transmission of message and key conversations.
(c ) Use of Tele printers over radio transmission
8. What are the advantages of a net radio?

(a) Is vulnerable only at terminal and is therefore reasonably protected from enemy
action except by a direct hit.
(b) Is very flexible, can be rapidly re-arranged in the event of regrouping.
(c ) Is rapid in establishing communication.
(d) Can work on the move although range obtained will be much less than when
stationary.
(e) Is economical in personnel and equipment.
9. What are the facilities of Net radio?

(a) Radio Telephony – Simplex, depending on the type of equipment available.
(b) Radio telegraphy for transmission of message and key conversations.
(c ) Use of Tele printers over radio transmission.
10. Define Radio Relay?

44
Radio relay implies that a series of radio transmitters and receivers normally spaced
between 20-35 Kms apart and are used to provide point signal communication. Radio relay
transmission and reception at each terminal take place on separates frequencies and
therefore no send/ receive switching is necessary. It is duplex link and can therefore be
connected to link ordinary line circuits to telephone or telegraph exchanges.
11. What are the advantages of radio relay?

(a) Replace line with considerable economy of manpower and stores.
(b) It can be operated over area where for reasons of ground or enemy activity
use of line may not be possible.
(c) Provides greater flexibility than line.
(d) Quick to set up and move except in mountainous country.
(e) By its ability to employ multichannel equipment radio relay provides more
tele-printer circuits over one link than can normally be provided over the average
field cable. Thus it has much greater traffic handling capacity.
12. What are the disadvantages of radio relay?

(a) Liable to interception and hence insecure. Has relatively greater security than net
radio, depending upon the sitting and direction of the beams.
(b) Liable to interference from enemy jamming although not as much as in the case of
net radio.
(c) Terrain between stations must be reasonably suitable to get a ‘quasi optical path’,
this presents difficulty in sitting.
(d) Location of terminal and intermediate stations may not suit tactical layout and may,
therefore, create additional protection requirements.
(e) It cannot work on the move.
(f) Slightly more expensive in men and material than in the case of net radio.
(g) Needs critical sitting.
13. What are the features of WIFI technology?

(a) Unmatched Mobility and Elasticity (b) Supports an Entire Age Bracket
(c) Convenient and Every Where (d) Faster and Secure
14. What are the limitations of WIFI technology?

(a) Security (b) Wireless Reception
(c) Interference from other Devices (c) Compatibility Issue
15. What are the terminal equipment uses for Wireless Technology?
(a) Personal Digital Assistant (b) Mobile phone (c) Smart Phones (d) iPhone
16. Write short notes on mobile phone?

A mobile phone (also known as a cellular phone, cell phone and a hand phone) is a
device that can make and receive telephone calls over a radio link while moving around a
wide geographic area. It does so by connecting to a cellular network provided by a mobile
phone operator, allowing access to the public telephone network. Most of the mobile
phones are Wi-Fi enabled.
17. What are the facilities of Radio set GP338 Motorola?
(a) It is portable and light in weight.
(b) Can be operated easily.
(c) It can be operated in VHF/UHF and 2 way simplex mode.

45
(d) 128 channel of this radio set can be preset into 8 zone.
(e) Option of selective call facilities available.
(f) Call alert can be given to receiver station.
(g) Can select required zone.
(h) Start/stop facilities of scan operation available.
(j) Add/Delete from scan list facilities available.
18. What are the frequency of this radio set GP338 Motorola?
(a) 136 MHz to 174 MHz on VHF mode.
(b) 403 MHz to 470 MHz on UHF mode.
19. What is the communication range of this radio set GP338 Motorola?
4 to 5 Km and 20 to 40 Km with repeater.
20. What is the Power supply can be provided to this radio set GP338 Motorola?
high capacity 7.2 volt batteries.
21. What are the Application of Troposcatter?

(a) It is used for long range point to point communication.
(b) Ideal for rugged terrain / otherwise desert, mountain sea, etc
22. Into how many portions WALKIE/TALKIE is divided?

This radio set has been divided into four portions
(a) Top Panel. (b) Side Button
(c) Front Panel (d) Back Panel
23. What are the channel capacities of Troposcatter?

(i) Voice - 24 channel
(ii) Telegraph/ Telex - 32
(iii) Data - 03
24. What are the advantages of FAX?

(a) Can transmit graphics as well as alphanumeric information (letters and numbers).
(b) Reduce time and eliminates transmission error.
(c) Can transmit information in any vernacular language.
(d) Use any transmission medium eg telephone, line, micro radio wave
25. Write down the advantages of TELEX?

(a) Re-generative repeaters in a network can increase range, however voice signal
cannot be re-generated.
(b) Can be used over a telephone network
(c) Can receive messages when unattended.
(d) Message is recorded in a printer form
26. Write down the disadvantages of TELEX?

(a) The Equipment is costlier than a telephone set.
(b) Key in error due to the need for a human operator to send-receive message.
(c) Lack of privacy since any one can read the printed out put.
27. Define Satellite?

46
An object which revolves around another larger object whose motion is primarily and
permanently determined by the force of attraction of the body is known as a satellite.
28. What are the different types of Satellite?

(a) Weather Satellite. (b) Scientific Satellite.
(c ) Communication Satellite. (d) Navigational Satellite (e) Military Satellite.
29. What are the advantages of optical fibre communication?

(a) It has wide band width carrying different types of info from low speed voice signal to
high speed computer data.
(b) Less power requirement. (c ) Small cable size.
(d) No repeater station required. (e) No electromagnetic interference.
30. What are the disadvantages of optical fibre communication?

(a) Jointing problem. (b) Channel dropping not possible. (c) More expensive.
31. Explain MODEM?

This device is used to convert computer generated output (Digital signals) that can be
transmitted on a telephone line. Modem are required at both the sending and receiving
computers.
32. Write down the advantages of a computer?

(a) Speed of process and calculations.
(b) Accuracy of process and calculation once the programme is proved.
(c) Persistence - It will continue on the same job until the end, always working
in the same way, each and every day.
(d) Mass storage of data.
(e) The ability to handle large volume of data.
33. Write down the disadvantages of a computer?

(a) Data loss if machine malfunctions.
(b) Back up hard data still required to be maintained.
(c) Constant power source is required
34. What do you understand by the word Internet?

Internet is a collection of individual data networks connected together in such a way that
data can be exchanged back and forth between networks widely separated.
35. What are the advantages of cellular phone?

(a) More subscriber and traffic capability.
(b) No perceptible difference between mobile and fixed subscribers.
(c ) Better quality of service.
(d) Miniaturization using very large scale integration (VLSI ) technology which enables
ever decreasing size and weight of the hand set.
(e) Higher speed of data exchange.
(f) Can be used in an integrated mode with computer network.
36. Explain Video Conferencing system?

47
These provide the full benefits of face to face communication with sound, graphics and
simultaneous transmission of data. The system enables people widely separated
geographically to inter- act without having to meet at one place.
37. What are the facilities of a videophone?

(a) Can transmit speech as well as colour video.
(b) Conduct of video conferences.
(c ) Called subscriber is seen on the monitor.
(d) High quality of voice.
(e) Speed of sending/ receiving can be adjusted by the user.
(f) Map over-lays can be transmitted.
38. Expand the following:

(a) MODEM : Modular-Demodulator
(b) FAX : Facsimile
(c) TELEX : Teleprinter Exchange
(d) WWW : World Wide Web
(e) IT : Information Technology
39. What are the facilities provided by videophone?

(a) Can transmit speech as well as colour video.
(b) Conduct of video conferences.
(c) Called subscriber is seen on the monitor.
(d) High quality of voice.
(e) Speed of sending/ receiving can be adjusted by the user.
(f) Map over-lays can be transmitted.
40. Define Radio Telephony?

The procedure is laid out to communicate on the Radio so as to make the conversation
secure and successful, which is referred to as “Radio Telephony”.
41. What are the advantages of RT procedure and radio communications?

(a) Easy to establish.
(b) Flexible.
(c) Transmissions to more than one station
42. What are the disadvantages of RT procedure and radio communications?

(a) Easier to intercept.
(b) Liable to atmospheric interference and interference from other stations.
(c) Liable to be jammed.
(d) Skilled operators required
43. What is BASS?

(a) B - Brevity.
(b) A - Accuracy.
(c) S - Security.
(d) S - Speed

48
44. What are the Types of RT Communication?

(a) RT conversation
(b) Unregistered (UR) Message
(c) Formal Message
45. What is the difference between Code and Link Sign?

Code Sign Link Sign
(a) Identifies a unit. (a) Identifies a radio link.
(b) Issued down to unit level. (b) Issued to all radio stations.
(c) Cannot be abbreviated. (c) Can be abbreviated.
(d) Can be changed to link sign. (d) Cannot be changed to code sign.
(e) Not issued to branches of a HQ (e) Issued to branches of a HQ.
(f) Can be used in text of a (f) It cannot be used in the text of a
Formal message. Formal message.
46. Write down the Phonetic Alphabet?

A- Alpha B- Bravo C- Charlie D- Delta E- Echo F- Foxtrot
G- Golf H- Hotel I- India J- Juliet K- Kilo L- Lima
M- Mike N- November O- Oscar P-Papa Q-Quebic R- Romeo
S- Sierra T- Tango U-Uniform V-Victor W- Whiskey X- X-ray
Y- Yankee Z- Zulu
47. Into how many parts RT Communications Calls can be categorized?

(a) Single Call (b) Multiple Call
(c) Net Call (d) Net Call with Exceptions
48. How is Signal communication established?

(a) After change of frequency. (d) Bad weather.
(b) After move. (e) After lifting of radio silence.
(c) After change of link sign.
49. What are the golden rules of Security over radio in Defence Forces?
Security over radio is an important issue in defence forces hence there is a need to adopt
these procedures and follow certain golden rules.
(a) Think before you speak. (d) Use correct procedure.
(b) Avoid use of jargon. (e) Use official codes only.
(c) Substitute clear names by code signs. (f) Be brief
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Army SPL Subj SD SW

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1

1 KERALA GIRLS BN NCC TRIVANDRUM

STUDY MATERIALS SD/SW

Prepared by Maj WV Sohsten Page 1

ARMED FORCES (AF)

2. The Navy is organised into how many commands?

3. What are the Seven commands of the Indian Air Force?

4. Name the three branches staff of Air Headquarters?

5. How many branches are the in Central Armed Police Forces?

7. Name the Central Forensic Institutions of Police Organisations?

Prepared by Maj WV Sohsten Page 2

Colonel Captain IN Group Commander

ARMY NAVY AIR FORCE

ARMY NAVY AIR FORCE

12. What are Gallantry awards given in the face of enemy?

14. What are Non- Gallantry Awards?

Prepared by Maj WV Sohsten Page 3

(l) President’s Police Medal For Gallantry

15. What are the awards given NCC?

21. What are the combat command of the Indian Army?

23. What is the role of Infantry?

24. What are the main characteristics of Infantry?

26. What is the role of Armour?

Prepared by Maj WV Sohsten Page 4

27. What are Principles of Employment in Armour?

29. What is the Second role of mechanized Infantry?

30. What are the tasks of Artillery?

31. What are the tasks of Engineers?

32. What are the task of Army Air Defence (AAD)?

33. What are the responsibilities of Army Service Corps (ASC)?

34. Expand the following abbreviations:

42. What are the entry offer in Army in Permanent commission?

Prepared by Maj WV Sohsten Page 6

44. What is the full form of NDA and where it is located?

45. What is the full form of IMA and where it is located?

46. What is the full form of CDSE?

47. What are the Entry into Police Services as an Officer?

48. What are the other Police organizations?

Objective Question & Answer

51. The Supreme Commander of Indian Armed Forces is President.

2. What are the conventional signs?

3. Give the conventional signs for the following features/objects:

(a) Level Crossing :

(f) Light House :

(h) Battle Field :

(k) Boundary Pillar Survey :

(m) Circuit House : CH

(n) Dak Bungalow : DB

(o) Travelers’ Bungalow : TB

(p) Rest House : RH

(q) Inspection Bungalow : IB

(r) Post Office : PO

(s) Telegraph Office : TO

(t) Reserve Forest : RF

(u) State Forest : SF

(v) Protected Forest : PF

4. What are two methods of expressing a scale?

6. What are the grid Lines?

7. Define easting and northing lines?

8. What is Grid reference? What are the types of GR?

9. Define the following Topographical forms & Technical Forms?

Prepared by Maj WV Sohsten Page 13

10. Define Relief?