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experience the evil impacts of extraordinary quality corruption due to light ingestion and
scattering in water medium. Though huge accomplishments have been made starting late in
the general locale of picture overhaul and, the propriety of new methods for improving the
idea of lowered pictures has not expressly been gotten. In this paper, we overview the image
overhaul strategies that tackle average lowered picture impediments, including some silly
degradations and mutilations. we pinpoint the basic lacks of existing techniques.
Key words: RGB(Red, Green, Blue), Hue, Saturation, Intensity, Adaptive histogram
equalization, Gamma correction, Integrated Colour Model, Adaptive Parameter Acquisition,
Unsupervised Colour Correction Method, Contrast.
Introduction: The underwater image suffers degradation due to scattering and absorption. To
overcome these issues, the acquired images are adjusted using color balance and then
corrected using white balance. Underwater images are affected by reduced contrast and non-
uniform color cast due to the absorption and scattering of light in the aquatic environment.
This affects the quality and reliability of image processing and therefore color correction is a
necessary pre-processing stage. The oceans contain unknown creatures and vast energy
resources, playing an important role in the continuation of life on earth. Since the middle of
the 20th century, marine exploration worldwide has actively engaged in high-tech activities.
Vision technology has attracted great attention, for its ability to carry high information
density. Researchers strive to capture high-quality underwater images for a variety of
underwater applications, including robotics, rescue missions, man-made structures inspection,
ecological monitoring, sea organisms tracking and real-time navigation. In any case, the idea
of lowered pictures is genuinely impacted by the particular physical and engineered
characteristics of lowered conditions, raising issues that are on the whole the more adequately
rout in terrestrial imaging. Lowered pictures reliably show concealing cast, e.g., green bluish
concealing, which is achieved by different debilitating extents of red, green and blue lights.
Moreover, the particles that are suspended lowered absorb the majority of light energy and
adjust the course of light before the light reflected from lowered scene shows up at the
camera, which prompts pictures having low-distinction, dark and haze. In order to extend the
extent of lowered imaging, counterfeit light sources are every now and again used. In any
case, counterfeit light additionally is impacted by maintenance and scattering. The
specialized hardware platforms and cameras can be expensive and power-consuming. What is
more, they are not adaptive to different underwater environments. Thus, many algorithmic
methods have been developed for underwater image quality improvement by image
enhancement.
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image systems. Gamma encoding of images is used to optimize the usage of bits when
encoding an image, or bandwidth used to transport an image, by taking advantage of
the non-linear manner in which humans perceive light and colour. The human
perception of brightness, under common illumination conditions, follows an
approximate power function, with greater sensitivity to relative differences between
darker tones than between lighter tones, consistent with the Stevens power law for
brightness perception.
The colour correction is performed by stretching the 'L' component and modifying 'a' and 'b'
components in CIE-Lab colour space. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed
method can achieve better perceptual quality, higher image information entropy, and less
noise, compared to the state-of-the-art underwater image enhancement methods.
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Scikit-image
Natsort
Math
Datetime
Proposed System: Underwater images are affected by reduced contrast and non-uniform
colour cast due to the absorption and scattering of light in the aquatic environment. This
affects the quality and reliability of image processing and therefore colour correction is a
necessary pre-processing stage. In this technique, we propose a hybrid algorithm
Unsupervised Colour Correction Method (UCM) and contrast limited adaptive histogram
equalization (CLAHE) for underwater image enhancement. It is based on colour balancing,
contrast correction of RGB colour model and contrast correction of HSI colour model.
Flowchart:
N
HSI model contrast
correction Contrast correction for
green color(both sides)
Methodology:
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4. Thirdly, the Saturation and Intensity components of the HSI color model have been
applied for contrast correction to increase the true color using Saturation and to address the
illumination problem through Intensity.
Unsupervised Color Correction Method (UCM), which can efficiently remove bluish color
cast, increase the low red and low illumination problem in order to achieve high quality
images for scientific purpose.
CLAHE is a variant of Adaptive histogram equalization (AHE) which takes care of over-
amplification of the contrast. CLAHE operates on small regions in the image, called tiles,
rather than the entire image. The neighbouring tiles are then combined using bilinear
interpolation to remove the artificial boundaries.
For comparison of results, we used the Image Quality Assessment Metric ENTROPY.
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TECHNIQUES USED FOR IMAGE ENTROPY LEVEL
ENHANCEMENT
UCM+CLAHE 7.71
By the comparison of Entropy results , UCM+CLAHE tops list with the ENTROPY 7.715.
Source code consists of Image enhancement in the attributes associated- Colour and Picture Quality
DATA SET:
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LOW LIGHT IMAGES:
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Conclusion: Quality improvement methods of underwater images based on image
enhancement helped us. In this review, we firstly gave introduction to the basic principles of
underwater images. We provided comparison of the quality improvement methods using
ENTROPY. The underwater image enhancement methods have made good progress. Still
there is no algorithm that can be applied to enhance underwater images taken from diverse
environment and depths. The adaptability of underwater image enhancement methods still
needs to be improved. Current underwater image enhancement methods focus on improving
the perceptual effect of images but ignore whether the enhanced images can increase the
accuracy of high-level feature analysis such as target detection and classification. Improving
the quality of underwater images can effectively release the pressure of high-level underwater
tasks. The existing underwater image enhancement methods are not able to recover deep sea
images. So new imaging models for deep sea imaging environment is needed.
References:
[1]
https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.09766
Er. Charanjeet Kaur, Er. Rachna Rajput (May 2015). a review on “underwater image
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