ys ‘he emanated in wurde ih ntrinl elnd pice w stndarteon cid ote Dn rips he ‘mec tn Sarde sos Recommend Ward ede Oona ce! rs Wes HT Commie EXCLUSIVE USE OF STANDPRO TESTING CENTER OPC, COPYING & SHARING IS PROHIBITED. Designation: A370 -21 Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products’ ‘aga! dion he ee eine er ofa ev A ume pre nee eo a opp A ‘Satie Son 0) son etal ange ame the at ev eo Ths smarts ben pp ar ae By gece of he US. Deparment of Dose 1. Scopet 1.1 These test methods? cover procedures and definitions forthe mechanical esting of sels, stainless stels, and related alloys. The various mechanieal tests herein described are used to determine propetis required inthe product specification. Variations in testing methods are to be avoided, and standard methods of testing ate to be followed to obtain reproducible and comparable results. In those eases in which the testing requirements for certain products are unique ora variance with these general procedures, the product specification testing Fequirements shall control 1.2 The following mechanical tess are described: neo new Kemer E 1.3 Annexes covering details peculiar to certain products are appended to these test methods 2s follows ipteare o ich Bar gat Yeseg fer i Clean Pecerae ergnon Roun Specinaneto Ras Ab ‘amauta Specter WMisawaioa Fa AME De nd Pr el Ce apis se hed Sp Rewnargt Test Oss ‘nae A Homeos or oso Set Roorng Bare tones AB Procure Use and Cowal Hest Susi Arex AO 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are nt considered standard. 1.5 When these test methods are referenced in a metric product specification, he yild and tensile values may be determined in inch-pound (ksi) units then converted into SH (Ps) units. The elongation determined in inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 or 8 in. may be reported in St unit gauge lengths ‘0f 50 0¢ 200 mn, respectively, as applicable. Conversely, when these teat methods ate referenced in an inch-pound product speciation, te yield and tensile values may be determined in STunits then converted into inch-pound units. The elongation determined in SI unit gauge lengths of $0 or 200 mim may be reported in nch-pound gauge lengths of 2 or 8 in. respectively, a8 applicable 1.5.1 The specimen used to determine the original rust conform to the applicable tolerances ofthe original unit system given inthe dimension table not that of the converted tolerance dimensions Nome This is duet the spsien St dimensions and tolerances being hard conversions when ts is ota daa anand The et ‘Sve Tet Mehas AISA the fats ate eu 1 ws 1.6 Atention is directed to ISOMEC 17025 when there may be a need for information on enter for evaluation of testing 1.7 This standard does not purport 10 adress all of the safety concems, if any, associated with iis use, Ht is the responsibilty of the user of this standard to establish appro priate safer, health, and environmental practices and deter ‘mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use 1.8 This international standard was developed in accor: dance with inernationaly recognized principles on standard: ‘cation established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- ‘mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (FBT) CommiteeEXCLUSIVE USE OF STANDPRO TESTING CENTER OPC, COPYING & SHARING IS PROHIBITED. df] aszo - 21 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standanis:* ‘A623 Specification for Tin Mill Products, General Require- ‘ments ‘AG23M Specification for Tin Mill Produets, General Re- ‘quiements [Metric] A833 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Materials by Comparison Hardness Testers ‘A941 Terminology Relating to Stel, Stainless Stel, Related Alloys, and Ferrolloys /ADS6M Test Method for Leeb Hardness Testing of Steel Products ‘A1038 Test Method for Portable Hardness Testing by the Ultrasonic Contact Impedance Method ‘A1OS® Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products—Metric A1061/A1061M Test Methods for Testing Mulli-Wire Stel Prestressing Strand 4 Practices for Force Calibration and Verification of Test- ing Machines 6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing EX/ESM Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma> terials E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials, EIS Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma- terials 23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Me~ tale Materials {£29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Ds Determine Conformance with Specifications E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten- ‘someter Systems E110 Test Method for Rockwell and Brinell Hardness of ‘Metallic Materials by Portable Hardness Testers £190 Test Method for Guided Bend Test for Duetility of Welds £290 Test Methods for Bend Testing of Material for Ductl- y 2.2. ASME Document "ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VII, Division I, Part UG-8 23-180 Standard:* ISO/IEC 17025 General Requitements for the Competence ‘of Testing and Calibration Laboratories a 3. Terminology 3 Definitions: for formed ASTM sun, a he ASTM web, wig eset ASTM Chote Sec vrcetasm For Ama Bo of ATA ‘Sore voene format eer te snd + Due Say Pape rAstM wetse ale fm Amery Sx of Mecha agin (ASME, ASME: Inunatonl eaigaen Two Parc Ave, New Ysk NY 100160, bp anes 3.11 For definitions of terms pertaining 1 mechanical testing of steel products not otherwise listed in this section, reference should be made to Terminology £6 and Terminology Aaa, if 3.2 Defintions of Terms Specific to This Stand 32.1 longitudinal test, n—uoless specifically defined otherwise, signifies that he lengthwise axis of the specimen is parallel tothe direction ofthe greatest extension of the steel ‘during rolling or forging. ‘321.1 Discussion—The stress applied to longitudinal tension test specimen is in the direction of the greatest extension, and the axis of the fold ofa longitudinal bend test ‘specimen i right angles to the direction of greatest extension (Gee Fig. 1, Fig. 2a, and Fig. 2b) 3.2.2 radial test, n—unless specifically defined otherwise, signifies that the lengthwise axis of the specimen is perpen- “dicular to the axis ofthe product and coincident with one ofthe radi of a circle drawn with a point on the axis of the product as a cemter (see Fig 2a. 3.2.3 tangential test, n—unless specifically defined ‘otherwise, signifies thatthe lengthwise axis of the specimen Perpendicular to & plane containing the axis of the product and Tangent to a circle drawn with a point on the axis of the productas a centr (se Fig. 2a, Fig. 2b, Fig, 2c, and Fig. 2d). 3.24 transition temperature, n—for specification purposes, the transition temperature is the temperature at which the designated material test value equals or exceeds a specified ‘minimum test value. ‘3.24.1 Discussion—Some of the many definitions of tran- sition temperature currently being used are: (1) the lowest femperature at which the specimen exhibits 100 % fibrous fracture, (2) the temperature where the fracture shows a 50% crystalline and a 50 % fibrous appearance, (3) the temperature corresponding t© the energy value SO % of the differenceEXCLUSIVE USE OF STANDPRO TESTING CENTER OPC, COPYING & SHARING IS PROHIBITED. Tingiudina Tet Tangential Test Prolongaton b. id iieg Forges) Tahal Fest FIG. 2 Location of Longitudinal Tension Test Specimens In Rings Cut From Tubular Products 3.25.1 Diseussion—The stress applied 10 a transverse ten- sion test specimen is at right angles to the greatest extension, and the axis ofthe fold of a transverse bend test specimen is Parallel tothe greatest extension (see Fig. 1) between values obtained at 100 and 0 % fibrous fractre, and (4) the temperature corresponding to a specific energy value. 3.28 transverse test, n—unless specifically defined ‘otherwise, signifies thatthe lengthwise axis of the specimen is right angles to the direction of the greatest extension of th steel during rolling or forgingEXCLUSIVE USE OF STANDPRO TESTING CENTER OPC, COPYING & SHARING IS PROHIBITED. fly as70-21 33 Definition of Terms Specific to the Procedure for Use ‘and Control of Heat-eycle Simulation See Annex A) 33.1 master chart, n—a record of the heat treatment re- ceived from a forging essentially identical to the production fowgings that it wil represe 33.141 Discussion—Ht is a chart of time and temperature showing the output from thermocouples imbedded in the forging a the designated test immersion and test lation or 33.2 program chart, nthe metallized sheet used t0 pro- ‘gram the simulator unit, 3.3.21 Discussion—Time-temperature data from the master chart are manually transferred tothe program chart, 3.33 simulator chart,n—a record of the heat treatment that ‘test specimen had received in the simulator unit 33.31 Discussion—W is a char of time and temperature and can be compared directy to the master chart for aceuracy (of duplication, 3.3.4 simulator eyele, none continuous heat treatment of ‘set of specimens in the simulator un 3.3.4.1 Discussion—The cycle includes heating from ambient, holding at temperature, and cooling. For example, a ‘Simulated austenitize and quench ofa set of specimens would bbe one cycle: a simulated temper ofthe same specimens would be another cycle, 4. Significance and Use 4.1 The primary use of these test methods is testing 10 determine the specified mechanical properties of sel, stainless Steel, and related alloy products forthe evaluation of confor mance of such products to 4 material specification under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee AD| and its subcommities as designated by a purchaser in a purchase order oF contrac. “ALT These test methods may be and ate used by other ASTM Committces and other standards writing bodies for the purpose of conformance testing. “4.1.2. The material condition at the time of testing, sampling frequency, specimen location snd orientation, reporting requirements, and other test parameters are contained in the pertinent material specification or in a general requirement Specification for the particular product for “41.3 Some material specifications require the use of addi tional test methods not described herein; in such cases, the required test method 1s described in that material specification fr by reference 1 another appropriate test method standard 42 These test methods are ako suitable to be used for testing of steel, stainless steel and related alloy materials for ‘ther purposes, such as incoming material acceptance testing by the purchaser or evaluation of components after service ‘exposure: ‘42.1 As with any mechanical testing, deviations from either specification limits or expected as-manufactured propetis can ‘occur for valid reasons besides deficiency of the original asefabricated. product. These reasons include, but are not Timsted to subsequent service degradation from environmental select inhomogeneity, anisotropic structure, natural aging of alloys, further processing not included in the specification, Sampling limitations, and measuring equipment calibration Uncertainty, ‘There is statistical variation in all aspects of ‘mechanical esting and variations in test results from prior tests are expected. An understanding of possible reasons for devia- tion from specified or expected test values should be applied in imterpretation of test results. 5. General Precautions 5.1 Cenain methods of fabrication, such as bending, forming, and welding, oF operations involving heating, may affect the properties of the material under test. Therefore, the product specifications cover the stage of manufacture at which mechanical testing is to be performed. The properties shown by testing prior vo fabrication may not necessarily be representa tive ofthe product after it has been completely fabricated ‘5.2 Improperly machined specimens should be discarded and other specimens substitted ‘5.3 Flaws in the specimen may also affect results. IFany test, specimen develops flaws, the retest provision ofthe applicable product specification shall govern ‘5 IFany test specimen fails because of mechanical reasons such as failure of testing equipment or improper specimen preparation, it may be discarded and another specimen taken. 6, Orientation of Test Specimens ‘6.1 The terms “longitudinal test” and “transverse test” are ted only in material specifications for wrought products sind are not applicable to castings. When such reference is made to 8 tes coupon or test specimen, see Section 3 for terms and definitions TENSION TEST 7. Deseription 7.1 The tension tes related tothe mechanical testing of steel products subjects a machined or flection specimen of the ‘material under examination to a measured load suficient to ‘cause rupture. The resulting properties sought are defined in “Terminology E, 7.2 In general, the testing equipment and meth are given in Test Methods ES/E8M. However, thee are certain excep- tions 1 Test Methods FS/ESM practices in the testing of steel, and these are covered in these test methods 8, Testing Apparatus and Operations 8.1 Loading Systems—There are two general types of load- systems, mechanical (screw power) and hydraulic. These llr ehielty in the variability ofthe rate of load application ‘The older screw power machines ae limited to a small number of fixed free running crosshead speeds, Some moder serew power machines, and all hydraulic machines permit stepless variation throughout the range of speeds. 8.2 The tension testing machine shall be maintained in good! ‘operating condition, used only in the proper loading range, andEXCLUSIVE USE OF STANDPRO TESTING CENTER OPC, COPYING & SHARING IS PROHIBITED. ly asz0-21 [Nore 2—Many machines ae equipped with stress-strain reorders for suographicploting of sesssualn caves. should he noted that some "eats have a Ieod measuring component emt spare fea the load indicate of the testing machine Such recorder ae ciated separately. 83 .Loading—It is the function of the gripping oF holding Seviee of the testing machine to transmit the load from the hncads ofthe machine tothe specimen under test. The essential requirement is that the load shall be transmitted axially. This ‘implies that the centers of the action of the grips shall be in ‘alignment, insofar as practicable, with the axis of the specimen at the beginning and during the test and that bending or 'wsisting be held to a minimum. For specimens with a reduced section, gripping of the specimen shall be restricted to the grip section. In the case of certain sections tested in full size, ‘nonaxial loading is unavoidable and in such cases shall be permissible 84 Speed of Testing—The speed of testing shall not be ‘greater than that at which load and strain readings can be made accurately. In production testing, speed of testing is commonly ‘expressed: (/) in terms of fee running crosshead speed (ate of| ‘movement of the crosshead ofthe testing machine when not under load), (2) in terms of rate of separation ofthe wo beads Of the testing machine under load, (3) in terms of rate of stressing the specimen, or (4) in terms of rate of staining the specimen. The following limitations on the speed of te recommended as adequate for most stel products: Nore 3—Tension tests sing clneoop machines (wih feedback oma feat) shouldnt be perored sing Toa cmt a8 hs mode ‘resting wl ssl acceleration ofthe ernest upon Seking ad ‘evauon ofthe messred yi eng 84.1 Any convenient speed of testing may be used up to ‘one half the specified yield point of yield strength. When this point is reached, the free-running rate of separation of the Trossheads shall be adjusted so not 1 exceed Vien, per min per inch of reduced section, or the distance between the grips for test specimens not having reduced sections. This speed shall be maintained through the yield point o yield strength. In Seterining the tense suena the fering rae of Separation ofthe heads shall not exceed / in. per min per ine Of reduced section, or the distane between the grips for test Specimens not having reduced scctions. In any event, the minimum speed of testing shall not be less than Yio the Specified maximum rates for determining yild point or yield Strength and tensile strength. ‘8.4.2 It shal be permissible o set the speed ofthe testing machine by adjusting the free runing crosshead speed 10 the fdbove specified values, inasmuch as the rate of separation of hheads under load at these machine settings is ess than the specified values of free running crosshead speed 8.43 As an altemative, ifthe machine is equipped with a device to indicate the rate of loading the speed ofthe machine from half the specified yield point o yield strength through the yield point or yield strength may be adjusted so that the rate of sressinz does not exceed 100000 psi (690 MPa)/min 9 Test Specimen Parameters 941 Selection Test coupons sl e selected in acordance with he apis prc spcieations Ori row SesWioupht scl products ae oul teed in the Tongivinl discon, btm some cases, where Size permits andthe service jini testing isin the transve railo fangsntialGietions (ee Figs. 1 and 2) 9.12 Fored Steets—For open die Togings. the metal for tension eng ts eualy provided by allowing extensions oF prolongation, on on rb ends ofthe forgings, ete on all Gre repeserauve number as provide by the applicable prot speciation. Test specimens ae normally taken at Inka: Cerin product spesieons permit he wse of a representative bare te destruction of reduction prt fr tet purposes. Fring or Gli forgings test metals proved by incesing tc diameter ticknco of engh of he Forging Upset isk or ing forging, which are worked or vended by forging na deton perpendicular othe axis of the forging, sully ave their principal extension along ‘Scenic cscs and for sich forgings tangemal tension species ae cane fom ext metal on he pei or krone fring. For some frgng, noch 2 er, ail tension tessa eed In sch ess the specimens ecu tr wepaned from speed loans 92 Size and Tlerances—Tet specimens hal be () the fall ross ection of atv of (2) machined to he form and dimension shown in Figs, 3.8 The slecton of six ond ype of specimen is peseribed by te applicable product specif: ft Fall ost section specimens all Be sewed nin, {200 in) gauge length unless lerwise specie a the prot pcieation 9.3 Procurement of Test Speinens—Spesinens shall be xr yay comnient met taking eae remove sll distor, cotlworke.orheataflecte ress from the ees of th sexton ed nealing the materi. Species sally fave a vedced cox section a mk-leng ensure ufo Aiwruton of theses over he rss seston an oie the tone of face. 9.4 Aging of Test Specimens—Unless otherwise specified, i shall be permissible to age tension test specimens. The time- temperature eycle employed must be such thatthe effects of previous processing will not he materially changed. It may be accomplished by aging at room temperature 24 to 48 b, or in shorter time at moderately elevated temperatures by boiling in water, heating in oil or in an oven. 9.5 Measurement of Dimensions of Test Specimens: 9.5.1 Standard Rectangular Tension Test Specimens—These forms of specimens are shown in Fig. 3. To determine the ‘cross-sectional area, the center width dimension shall be measured to the nearest 0.005 in, (0.13 mum) for the Bin. (200) mm) gauge length specimen and 0.001 in, (0,025 ram) forthe (30 min) gauge length specimen in Fig. 3. The center thickness dimension shall be measured tothe nearest 0.001 in, for both specimens. 9.5.2 Standard Round Tension Test Specimens—TheseEXCLUSIVE USE OF STANDPRO TESTING CENTER OPC, COPYING & SHARING IS PROMIGITED. hp s0r0-21 oe ‘anid Snorage onc ne ee Gem zn Gam) seg. weeaame aug toe Slower inieesam We s Stan Tous Da PaO 206: 00S OTH FeO «BOR —TO= 070 VHD 0069 AO 008 tn 028020002 6254005 ‘ne 5. a6) te ee “Twexness of Materia Anau * ® 8 ry “ . ‘noe fe . «= ‘ Pay . 0 ‘ 10 Corer i siren ee ee ee) © SXagmoew mene 8 1% : 2 2 ° . 2 ial ipsam wes 2 2 * x » * » The Noe 1a Na 19 Nore |For he (0mm) wie eines, pan mrs fr meng logan afi fcr sal be made 0 the Ato ow ecg of tne inch and iin deed etn Fo the (00 mn) Ege enh aprien at fine oor arch as (25) apa sruaTeenone sof pnch mars bn 0 man) ay Bee Farben 0mm caelengh pine, ast fee repos mas 23 many pr oe re pas of pach a 30mm) apa maybe se ic Fore (123 mm ele cmon pach ss for meri te Cong ser ace lb mae on he Bt on eee ob pine dwt th ace scene at core pth mre Yi (2 on) apart neo more par punch mas (Som) apa ry br ae None rt ese of pines hes i sd eon hl ot rin wibby e008, 008, 0002 o 0001 (0.10, (010/008, cr 0435 mm) repeal Alo, hoe may be sua denen wh ow testo he em, bu te wht xe ea hl telnet O13 OIE e005 incr Oo (040, OD, 10 or 008mm) gcse ge than he wit at te contr Nomtereachapcimen pha ol kt sale il cach ter nh ean 0.05 1.25 mm) othe eer of sre ow fsa area shal be ate cons ach er on ne perpen the etc) within lence of 010i. @Sam. Nr $—For ec ofthe four sie of eines, aoe wis (W ad maybe ed when neces ch aes. the wih of he ed secon shal as ag oth pe nse eg permi hese une ed ype he eqarenens fo ogo i ret ‘Seiten stall wx spy when the maower pees a athe wih othe war i an Whe sds ay Be pra raghoe eitaph othe en Nore Th einen maybe mod by lig he sides al tow helen fe cine he wi and ees ig he ae ‘sine spied shove When canary sarowe apie my beat che the wih bal beet as wi he meal eg ‘Ea poms Ite with 1s 8 mam) le the kn may be ral! tog eng of he specimen Nove Phe dimeson The ce fe et pce proved fr ie apse pods wir, Minna oil chess oan (a0 wks al been exci permed the prod sian Mannan nom tices of in {2S nm and sn tm) re spoctelb 25 mn) sd spec ‘No #To a obtain el onlin aig eng of Yl, (um) wie peice vena eg sl be se ate mate wll vermi ‘one iis debe posite, w me be length of he pip seo age eho alo he pci eked it the pace en totwotnniser mre kgm he pp Whe dilnesv of 13 mm we opine one in (1m ge pd cones Toop ip secs of he peter oye acecy pee nl abe ip ston on 10—Far salar step pecinens nd especies hems tse shale sme wth be cen fhe eed secon nin 1 204605 n (095 oa 08) rexney chp ta oral fhe cds theo 02 i wie semen me ‘inn G05 a (1.0 mm)» pcinen may be comers sac ral ee ng "Nom For standard plate type specimens, the ems ofthe specimen salle symmetrical withthe cee line ofthe reduced section within 0.25 in.EXCLUSIVE USE OF STANDPRO TESTING CENTER OPC, COPYING & SHARING IS PROHIBITED, fly 370-21 --O- —f ode mensions, = = md aa eae Sara = ar os 8095+ Ox Vote to Star i802 Bebe T00 5 (2-Dametra 1 Osote 1282 ote are atte 6252 leds 400s Fite 2502 aoe “es “ao “ote “aes “thd “atte “tte “com “tos AcLengh of educnd sacton,mn 2k BD Te 6 < 2 * » * 6 [None |The eds section ay ave a grad taper rom th ends owas he cents, withthe ends at mae ta 1 agri ie than the center (contig dense. ‘Nore? dened, he length othe roced ston maybe ince o accommo an extensometer of any convenient gauge length Reference ‘mas forthe measurement of lanai Should, eves, be spaced ate ited gael ‘Nove The gauge length nd ils sal be x shown, bt he ds may e of ay orm 0 the hokes of the teting machin ns a way tht ‘hela sal be a ee Fp )- I the eds azo be ed in wedge rip i esl possible, wo make the length of he ip sein grea moh {Wallon te specimen to exten tothe grip ance xual Yo two thins ce eve he lent he ep [Nore 4~Onthe road speciners in iS and Fig 6, he gauge lengths te equal wo for ies the nomial ane In some pret pcieatons car specimens ny be provided for; ut ane he 401s iiaied win mensoal rane, th clngation lus may ot De comparable ‘Tih hoe uid tot he standard tes specimen [Non $—The wef pcimens smaller thar 0.2509 (625 nm) diameter shal be restric cates when the materi 0 et of nisin size oobain lrer specimen o wheal pares ape othr se for acepance tsi. Salle specimens Fequte salable equips! sh peter Sin bh machine and tsi [Nate Five sizeof pecmers often wed hae ames fapeoninatly 00S, 0:387.0252 016, an 0.113, the reason eng termites ‘lela of ste om ons since the cmesponding tos sens aren are eal 0 lose 100200, 0.10, DOS, 0030, and 0.0100 sn? ively. Thus, when the cal diamaters agree wit ths vals, the stesses (rss) may be computed ng the simple mailing fcr, $°Yo 30 50 and io respecnely. (The mein equate of hese Bed meter dom ream crespeingly convent us seo ae ‘tultiplyng factors) IG, & Standard 0S004n. (12.5 mm) Round Tension Test Specimen With 24. (50 mm) Gauge Length and Exams of Smallsize Spect- ‘mens Proporional to Standard Specimene ‘measured at the center of the gauge length 10 the nearest (0.001 in. (0.025 mm) (see Table 1). 9.6 General-—Test specimens shall be either substantially fullsize or machined, as prescribed in the product specitia rm) gauge length specimen of Fig. 3 may te se for set and ip era, 1, Sheettype Specimen tions forthe material being tested. '96.1 Iv is desirable to have the cross-sectional area of the specimen senlles at the center of the gauge length to ensure fracure within the gauge length. This is provided for by the taper inthe gauge length permitid foreach of the specimens described in te following sections. 9.6.2 For brite materials itis desirable 0 have fillets of large radius atthe ends of the gauge length 10, Plate-type Specimens 10.1 The standard plat-type test specimens are shown in 3. Such specimens are used for testing metallic materials in the form of plate, structural and bar-size shapes, and flat material having 3 nominal thickness of Ye in. (S ma) or ove, When product specifications so permit, other types of speci 1.1 The standard sheet-type test specimen is shown in Fig 3, Ths specimen is used for testing metallic materials in the form of sheet, plate, flat wire, strip, band, and hoop ranging in nominal thickness fom 0.005 to Vin, (0.13 to 25 mm). When product specifications so permit, othe types of specimens may be used, as provided in Section 10 (see Note 4), 12, Round Specimens 12.1 The standard 0,500-n, (12.5 mm) diameter round test spscinen shown n Fig. is tequenly used frtesting meal 122 Fig. also shows smal size specimens proportional vo the standard specimen, These may be used when itis necessary to est material from which the standard specimen or specimens shown in Fig. 3 cannot be prepared, Other sizes of small round specimens may be used. In any such small size specimen itisEXCLUSIVE USE OF STANDPRO TESTING CENTER OPC, COPYING & SHARING IS PROHIBITED. lp as70-21 Eo, Seo co, ES SSESO Sane “sae oy Zocon — t002 won tom 38 (2 otanea (ot 1) oso: ae ese cute 1254 ao ‘ozs oa “Sate ea Foo a tesced ume oolme “ eolmin2urmm0.m0 Oven nngh weponimie |S Me He Nae is a4 oy ay fy Dame of od actor 7 2 = 3 2 Ear coun a sf [Nowe Ihe eed section may havea rail taper fom the eds toward the center with the ends ot mae than 0008 ia (010 mm larger in diameter than the comer ‘Nore 20m Specimen 5 itis desirable if posible, to make dhe length of he gp section great enough to allow the specimen to extend int the zips 4 dstace yun fo two thirds or more of the length ofthe gris ‘Nore The wpe of ends shown ave applicable forte standard OOD, round tension est specimen: similar types can be wed fr sbsize pce, The ul of UNF src of teas by 16" 20, by 4, ad aby 28) s ggetd fr igh stengi rile materials wo avon rate ihe teal porn FAG. 5 Suggested Types of Ends fo Standard Round Tension Test Specimens E-t. paid o ie Fed Spacer 1 Spacer? Spacer 3 ‘laeeh apa ‘hab equal oo Goat han daneir D -Darar D5020010 I25r025" 078020018 2002040 1252002 3004060 Rea at in ‘ = 4 2 ry ‘Aten teas vet, mo we 2 ts Py ® CCoverat eng mn ™ % * 100 100 8-619 ston sopra i = ‘ = ‘S (C-Ouata fon econ agpro a A ae & = ‘area es Ss eS = E as co ee ee oR is i fF a See BR i= 2 ‘s Fe im Be aes se 2 eae Se is See eee un 33 eee eee = Bes os oe = 2s x bd a = 7 68 (470) 2 ee Se = 53 = = » = 468 664 66 (455) oe eS 2 a ff 4s 2S s a = Ss = 453 As (63 (435) = 2 we “8 7 ‘€2 (425) ee as = s3 z 4 = = 98 e24 60 (415) oe ee ae o sc = " "s 133 428 o10 $8 (400) . v " 131 423 ws m7 ‘8 3 Z g 2 a8 57 56 (385) ae tee ee ae mie as 3 ae aes 3 2s as s 100, Ms 490 a7 3 eee ace as = aes oe : fs ea z aoe a = Soa oaEXCLUSIVE USE OF STANDPRO TESTING CENTER OPC, COPYING & SHARING IS PROHIBITED. Qy asz0—21 __mstes continues ewe a Ta Sea, 100 pT Sean Sor ae, AST Sam prosimate ee Fe Yee ttn yee Sy Sioa eae aug Uae oie sum ice NS agit, Srtuts Getta’ ume uma oe ‘a = = Penauatcr (0588) BH 556 mm) (1.588 mm) tel pcs ee pons manera ores at napa ra rg anes pa of arcmin so eet ate sans tos hen hoe ett cat oa «oe "etean hares value and esa argh oth awe, Wher mre pecs cameron a recure. uy sou be avyed spec ech set ‘impo hat ete a, ‘TABLE 4 Approsimate Hardness Conversion Numbers for Austenitic Stes (Rockwell C to other Hardness Numbers) Rodina © Sel, 50g! Roce AS, 6 Fos Spr ares UGhe'Dunond Pinaatst Liat Sanna Petar RSE Tgiioas SEN Sei 0h ons, A Sie Sa tod Be Be =o ne fe a7 3 Bo a7 2 es ms ae = as oe EH 173 Test Specimen—trinell hardness tests are made on prepared areas and suficient metal must be removed from the Surface 10 eliminate decarburized metal and other surface imegulartes. The thickness of the piece tested must be such that no bulge or other marking showing the effet of the load appears on the side ofthe plese opposite the indentation 174 Procedure: 174.1 Iris essential thatthe applicable product speifica- ons state clearly the position at which Brinell hardness ndentations are o be made and the number of such indenta- tions required. The distance of the center of the indentation from the edge of the specimen or edge of another indentation must be at least wo and one-half times the diameter of the indentation, 17.42. Apply the load for 10 10 15 s 17.43 Measure diameters of the indentation in accordance with Test Method E10, 17.44 The Brinell hardness testis not recommended for materials above 680 HBW. 17.4.4.1 Ifa bal is used ina test ofa specimen which shows «8 Brinell hardness number greater than the limit for the ball as sdeuailed in 174.4, the ball shall be either discarded and replaced with a new ball or remeasured to ensure conformance with the requirements of Test Method E10. 17S Brinell Hardness Values: 175.1 Brinell hardness values shall not be designated by a ‘number alone because itis necessary 10 indicate which indenter and which force has been employed in making the tet. BrinellEXCLUSIVE USE OF STANDPRO TESTING CENTER OPC, COPYING & SHARING IS PROHIBITED. Qh asr0—21 TABLE 5 Approximate Hardness Conversion Numbers for Austenite Steels RockwolB to other Hardness Numbers) Tocknl Spat aos aa tras, Pawel AS 20 Sea, “aT Sam scam 100igltoad, ert ntaton 1st Sse, : ‘ot ind “eet tna stig tt Signa, = Damsarmm — “AEthBal’ iano Peorator TSH LONG an sare) ni 8 Ba ‘5 (580) Bat sien (38mm) car_ wo a ae me toe wae a HA wr ae * an me mo ee : see oa ne o: * ae as m3 a Ey i a ise a * rey Be ne ar = os fea ier So a ass Se 3 so 5 i se ry m5 hardness numbers shall be followed by the symibol HBW, and ‘be supplemented by an index indicating the test conditions in the following order V7S.L-1 Diameter of the ball, mm, 17.1.2 A value representing the applied loa, ke, and, 17.1.3 The applied force dwell time, s if her than 10 to IS. 175.14 The only exception to the above requirements for the HBW 1013000 seale when 210 0 15 s dwell time is used Only in the case of this one Brinell hardness scale may the designation be reported simply as HBW. 175.15 Examples: 220 HBW = Brinell hardness of 220 determined witha ball of 10 mm diameter and with atest foree ‘of 3000 kgf applied for 10 to 15 s; 350 HBW 5/1300 = Brine hardness of 350 determined with ball of $ mm diameter and with atest force of 1500 kgf applied for 10 10 15 s 176 Detailed Procedure-For detailed requirements of this test reference shall be made to the latest revision of Text Method E10. 18, Rockwell Test 1.1 Description: 19.1.1 Tn this test a hardness value is obtained by detemin- ing the depth of pencration of diamond point or a tungsten carbide ball into the specimen under certain arbitrarily fixed ‘conditions, A minor load of 10 kgf is it applied which causes fan inital penetration, sets the penetrator on the material and holds iti position. A major load which depends on the seale beng used is applied increasing the depth of indentation. The ‘major loads removed and, with the minor load sill acting, the Rockwell number, which is proportional to the diference in Penetration between the major and minor loads is determined; this is usually done bythe machine and shows on a da digital Aisplay, printer, oF other deve. This is an arbitrary number which increases with increasing hardness. The scales. most Frequently sed are as follows Mooe—r Senta Pasi ctiol Lt 8 in tron cate bl 100 © 18.1.2 Rockwell superficial hardness machines ate used for the esting of very thin see or thin surface layers. Loads of 13, 30, or 45 ke are applied on a tungsten earbide (ora hardened ‘tee ball or diamond penetator, to cover the same range af hatdness values as forthe heavier loads, Use of « hardened steel ball is permitled only for testing thin sheet tin mil prnducts as found in Specilicaions A623 and A623M using HRIST and HR3OT scales witha diamond spot anvil. Testing ‘of this product using a tungsten carbide indenter may give signiicanly diferent results as compared to historical et data ‘bvaned using a hardened steel bal) The superficial hardness scales ate a Follows see ux tor sims onerae Pec 15th nega cia sat nat 5 2 ST Ye ponent lal 30 a et “itn rose cue & 4 sen Demons base » 3 nN mond te % a 18.2 Reporting Hardness—Inreconding hardness valves, the hrness number shall slays precede the scale symbol, for ‘example: 96 HRBW, 40 IIRC, 75 HRISN, 56 HR3OTS, or 77 LHR3OTW. The sulix W indicates use ofa tungsten carbide bal, The sllix§ indicates use of a hardened ste! ball as permite in 1812.EXCLUSIVE USE OF STANDPRO TESTING CENTER OPC, COPYING & SHARING IS PROHIBITED. Qh 1310-21 {21 +0 nm in art TABLE 6 Brinll Hardness Numbers” Aopues sade S00 1500, ar 3000 kf) ages eee Seman od Shee Tome TR dl, BOS BO le, TOE sl ee tome it ton me a ae) is 22 2 e oe aa Se ae ee Se a ee & £25 2288 £PRz RSs Bo RSS BREE REE Bone s S SE BRE BS uBR RRR s Bo REE BREE ERE BAH S BES BURE BREE 2 uu 3B BSBSE ERES SERRE 2 ues BEE BREE BREE £ BR 2 BSE BREE ERE BBS s 8 So REE BREE BBs s HOSE BREE RRS BBB s HSS ESE BREE s H GE BEES REE & H SER BLE BREE H GSE SESE HEE & HERE HERE 2 BRE s BER RSE SEE s BEER HHER FB 2 & HFSS SEES SRE: & Sots ob tee Sao REE BRSS 2 RE BEE PERSE BRE B 22 ESE Fhe B SE2 SRSE SEE BES BERGER FEE B E82 SEES FRR BEE BRSE £ BR HSER PERSE # Be RREE BESE £ ERE BEE BREE RE BEE Bee B fe Be BEER EUSE PEEE & HeEE BEES REE & BREE BERSE RRB & BEES ERER SEE & Boe ee ss sees o BEeE SRER RRS HE tele i es ie te 2 ERS Be 2 RE & HERS BEL 2 RB gs #oBERE PEER SRB g Beet os Ses ss ee HoESEe RSE SRR E Mee ep ee tee atl oe eee ye ete eee ee ee fg R Ee Be SE BS ReE S BEHEE RGSS SERRE BREE Pas RES BESS ae ee ee el ee ee aise te eee os BEER PEER 8 Pas of BR st BEES ERE £ Bas a8 ZuES BSES & Bo 38 BESS ass o ss 2 2 BERS PUES BREE SB 8 HEE E 2 2SE EBS Sea BEES E SBE So REE Ba ay Bt He RS Be Ee NR ge gm a B Oe a BSS wR eS MRM E ww es oR ES om RB i BSB OR a iEXCLUSIVE USE OF STANDPRO TESTING CENTER OPC, COPYING & SHARING IS PROHIBITED. lp as70-21 TABLES Continued Ee sae eres oe oe ee ee of Indonta- "1500-3000-| a 1500. 1500-3000. “ = an a we = Soe om yee ake a us nan mS eee a epee meas ve EES =o oe eae ie = HE SHES & 52 HE Bees 8 a3 Me ee eee te ae ite tees ies 5s Mies tens ie BR HS == Bh 2 RS Bz BORE == BORE a eet Sie eae 23 Boas = HES = S BEE #8 ee cece ce ZRS 2RES EEE eee Se eee ec st HES FRR E Bes HEE SHES EER Hee 2 UES Bos Bei SUS fee Hef Sus oR ee Hee @ REE BH Bs Teer cele tee ee Bee fee E BRE oS BSS BE Ba Bs BRE BREE BORE 2S 3 BR Me “TPreyre ya Erg Machanc Scion rata Saas TaloEXCLUSIVE USE OF STANDPRO TESTING CENTER OPC, COPYING & SHARING IS PROHIBITED. Qy rsv0-21 183 Test Blocks—Machines should be checked to make certain they are in good order by means of standardized Rockwell test blocks, 184 Detailed Procedure—For detailed requirements ofthis test, reference shall be made 10 the latest revision of Test Methods E18, 19, Portable Hardness Test, 19.1 Although this standard generally prefers the use of fixed-location Brinell or Rockwell hardness test methods, its rot always possible 10 perform the hardness test using such ‘equipment due to the part size, location, oF other logistical reasons, In this event, hardness testing using portable equip- ment as described in Test Methods A9S6/A956M, A1038, and 110 shall be used with strit compliance for reporting the test results in accordance withthe selected standard (see examples below). 19.1.1 Practice AS33—The measured hardness number shall be reported in accordance withthe standard method and given the HBC designation followed by the comparative test bur hardiness to indicate tha it was determined by a portable comparative hardness tester, asin the following example: 19.11.1232 HBC240, where 232s the hardness test result, using the portable comparative test method (HBC) and 240 is the Brinll hardness of the comparative test ba. 19.1.2 Test Method A9S6/A9S6M: 19.1.2 The measured hardness number shal be reported in accordance with the standard methods and appended with & LLeeb impact device in parenthesis to indicate that it was determined by a poruble hardness tester, as in the following ‘example (1) 350 HED where 350 the hardness test result using the portable Leeb hardness test method with the HLD impact device, 19.12.2 When hardness values converted from the Leeb ‘umber afe reported, the portable instrument used shall be reported in parentheses, for example: (1) 350 HB (HED) where the original hardness test was performed using the portable Leeb hardness test method with the HLD impact device and converted tothe Brinell hardness value (HB). 19,13 Test Method A1038—The measured hardness number shal be reported in accordance withthe standard methods and fppended with UCI in parenthesis to indicate that it was determined by & poruble hardness tester, as in the following example: 19.131 446 HV (LCD) 10 where 446 is the hardness test result using the portable UCI test method under a force of ket. 19.14 Test Method E110—The measured hardness number shall be reported in accordance with the standard methods and ‘appended with a /P to indicate that it was determined by a portable hardness tester, a follows: 1914.1 Rockwell Hardness Etamples: (2) 72 HRBW/P where 72is the hardness test result using the Rockwell B portable test method using a tungsten carbide ball indenter 19.142 Brinell Hardness Examples: (1) 220 HBW/P 10/3000 where 220 is the hardness test result using the Brinell porable test method with a ball of 1mm diameter and with a test force of 3000 kgf (29.42 kN) applied for 10 0 15 s (2) 350 HBW/P 57730 where 350 isthe hardness test result using the Brinell portable test method with a ball of $ mm diameter and wit atest force of 750 kgf (7.385 KN) applied for 1010 18s. CHARPY IMPACT TESTING 20, Summary 20.1 A Charpy V-notch impact testis a dynamic test in which a notched specimen is struck and broken by a single ‘blow in a spocally designed testing machine. The measured test values may be the energy absorbed, the percentage shear fracture, the lateral expansion opposite the notch, ora combi- nation thereof 20.2 Testing temperatures other than room (ambient) tem- perature often are specified in product or general requirement Specifications (hereinafter refered 10 as the specification). ‘Although the testing temperature is sometimes related to the expected service temperature, the two temperatures need not be idemical 21, Significance and Use 21.1. Ductile Versus Brite Behavior—Body-centered-cubic ‘or fertic alloys exhibit a significant transition in behavior ‘when impact tested over a range of temperatures. At tempera- tures above transition, impact specimens fracture by a ductile (asually microvoid coalescence) mechanism, absorbing rela- tively large amounts of energy. At lower temperatures, they fracture in a brite (usually cleavage) manner absorbing preciably less energy. Within the transition range, the Fac= ture will generally be a mixture of areas of ductile fracture and brite fracture 21.2 The temperature range ofthe transition from one type ‘of behavior (othe other varies according to the material being tested. This transition behavior may be defined in various ways for specification purposes 21.2.1 The specification may require a minimum test result combination thereof, ata specified tes temperature. 21.2.2 The specification may require the determination of the transition temperature at which either the absorbed energy Or fracture appearance attains a specified level when testing is performed over a range of temperatures, Altematively the specification may require the determination of the fracture appearance transition temperature (FATTa) asthe temperature a which the required minimum percentage of shear fracture (a) is obtained,EXCLUSIVE USE OF STANDPRO TESTING CENTER OPC, COPYING 8 [SHARING IS PROHIBITED. Gp as10-21 22, Apparatus 22.1 Testing Machines: 22.1.1 A Charpy impact machine is one in which a notched specimen is broken by a single blow of a frecly swinging ‘pendulum. The pendulum is released from a fixed height. Since the height to which the pendulum is raised prior to is swing. land the mass of the pendulum are known, the energy of the blow is predetermined. A means is provided to indicate the ‘energy absorbed in breaking the specimen 21.2. The other principal feature of the machine is fixture (see Fig. 10) designed to support test specimen as a simple ‘beam ata precise location, The fixture is arranged so that the notched face of the specimen is vertical. The pendulum strikes the other vertical fae directly opposite the notch. The dimen- sions ofthe specimen suppor and striking edge shall conform 1 Fig. 10. 22:13 Charpy machines used for testing steel generally nave capacities inthe 220 to 300 ftibf (300 to 400 J) energy range. Sometimes machines of lesser capacity are used: however the capacity ofthe machine should be substantially in excess of the absorbed energy of the specimens (see Test ‘Methods E23). The linear velocity atthe point of impact should be inthe range of 16 10 19 fus (4.9 10 5.8 mis). ‘None 1S—An inssiatin of ser adi fc is vase * 22.2 Temperature Media 222.1 For testing at other than room temperature, itis necessary to condition the Charpy specimens in media at controled temperatures "22.22 Low temperature media usually are chilled fids (sich as water ice plus water, dry ic plus organic solvens, oF liquid nitrogen) or chilled gases. 22.23 Elevated temperature media are usually heated lig uids such as mineral or silicone ols. Circulating sir ovens may be used, 223 Handling Equipment-—Tongs, especially adapted 10 ft the notch in the impact specimen, normally are used for removing the specimens from the medium and placing them on the anil (refer to Test Methods 23). In eases where the ‘machine fixture does not provide for automatic centering ofthe test specimen, the tongs may be precision machined to provide centering, 23, Sampling and Number of Specimens 23.1 Sampling: 2311.1 Test location and orientation should be addressed by the specifications, If not, for wrought products, the test location Shall be the same as that forthe tensile specimen and the Orientation shall be longitudinal wth the notch perpendicular to the major surface ofthe product being tested. 23.1.2 Number of Specimens 231.21 All specimens used fora Charpy impact tet shall be taken from a single test eoupon or test location, 23.1.22 When the specification calls for a minimum aver- age tet resull, three specimens shall be teste, sr po Se 1 eran traces sal be =005 ne (0.02 i) let cece ose "Nore IA shal be parle to B within 21000 and coplanar with B vi 0.5 ma (0.002 Now 2—€ sal be parle! to D witha 201000 and coplanar with D siti 0.12 mn (0.005 in) "Nove 3—Finsh on unmasked pans shal be yn (125 yin.) ‘Nore 4—Toerance for the siker comer radius shall be ~0.0 rm ‘00h in} 4050 san (0020 in) IG. 10 Charpy (Simpie-beam) impact Test 23.123 When the specification requires determination of a transition temperature, eigh to twelve specimens are usually needed. 232 Type and Size 232.1 Usea standard fll size Charpy V-notch specimen as shown in Fi. 11, except a allowed in 23.22. 23.2.2 Subsized Specimens 3522.1 For lat materia les than Yin. (11 mm) thick, or when the absorbed energy is expected to exced 80 % of full Seale, use standard subsize test specimens. 25222 For tubular materials tested in the wansverse direction, where the relationship between diameter and wall thickness does not permit a standard full size spesimen, use SMandard subsze test specimens of standard size specimens Containing outer diameter (OD) curvature as follows (J) Standard size specimens and subsize specimens may onlin the orginal OD surface ofthe tabular product as shown in Fig. 12. All other dimensions shall comply with the requirements of Fig SN RF mai wit ne oc ee faa ‘pecmens consning he apna OD surface muy yield aos iB ccos ct te rastig fw tn wer af coneclon Charp srsine. 23.223 Ifa standard fll-size specimen cannot be prepared, the largest feasible standard subsize specimen shall be pre= ‘ued. The specimens shall be machined so that the specimenEXCLUSIVE USE OF STANDPRO TESTING CENTER OPC, COPYING & SHARING IS PROHIBITED. Ay asz0 - 21 Co fiir, tint [Nowe |—Pemsite variation ll be follows: Nach eg 0 ee so Sacer sees Sabet 30" Jom seseciensmensons 0075 0003) gh at speamer 2 rm (nd. 0300 8) CConeeng ach a) St mm a0o32In) ‘ang crn * Fates ow £228 nm 20001) at eo 22025 nm 20001) Fon equrement 2m opm) on natn ute ae Sepoat face: 125m} on ter (a) Standard Fl Sie Speen : ein = im Wr aan Veen osm 2 De [Nore 2—0On sbsize specimens, all dimensions and oeanes ofthe standard specie nin contan withthe exepion of he Ww, Which ‘aries as shown above and fr which he aerate stall be =. (9 Sandard Sub Specimens FIG. 11 Charpy (Simple Beam) impact Test Specimens 232.24 Tolerances for standard. subsize specimens are shown in Fig. 11. Standard subsize test specimen sizes are: 10x75 mm, 10%67 mm, 10%5 mm, 10x33 mm, and 1025 mm. 23.225 Notch the narrow face of the standard subsize specimens so that the notch is perpendicular to the 10 mm wide face 23.3 Notch Preparation—The machining (Cor example, milling, broaching, or grinding) of the notch is eniical, as minor deviations in both notch radius and profile, or ool marks atthe bottom of the notch may result in variation in test da, particularly in materials with low-impact energy absompion. (Gee Annex AS). 24, Calibration 24.1. Accuracy and Senstviy—Calibate and adjust Charpy Jmpact machines in accordance withthe requirements of Test Methods 23 25, Conditioning —Temperature Control 25.1 When a specific test temperature is required by the specification or purchaser, contol the temperature of the heating or cooling medium within 2 °F (1 *C), Noe 18Because the temperate often nbratoryofen varies from 60 to 90°F (15 to 32°C) 2 et conde a “oor leper might be conde at ay leper tis ange 26, Procedure 26.1 Temperature 26.1.1 Condition the specimens to be broken by holding them in the medium attest temperature for at least § min in liguid media and 30 min in gaseous media. 26.1.2 Prior to each test, maintain the tongs for handling test specimens tthe same temperature a the specimen so a not to affect the temperature at the notch 1262 Positioning and Breaking Specimens: 262.1 Carefully center the test specimen in the anvil and release the pendulum to break the specimen. 62.2 If the pendulum is not released within 5 s after removing the specimen from the conditioning medium, do not break the specimen. Return the specimen to the conditioning ‘medium for the period required in 26.1.1 263 Recovering Specimens—In the event that Fracture ap- pearance or lateral expansion must be determined, recover the ‘matched pieces of each broken specimen before breaking the next specimen, 264 Individual Test Values: 26.4.1. Impact Energy—Record the impact energy absorbed to the nearest fbf () 2642 Fracture Appearance: 2642.1 Determine the percentage of shear fracture area by any of the following methods: (1) Measure the length and width ofthe bite portion of the fracture surface, as shown in Fig. 13 and determine the percent shear area from either Table 7 or Table 8 depending on the units of measurement. (2) Compare the appearance ofthe facture of the specimen with a fracture appearance chart as shown in Fig. 14 (3) Magnify the fracture surfee and compare it to a precalibrated overlay chart or measure the percent shear fracture area by means of a planimetr. (4) Photograph the fractured surface ata suitable magnifi- cation and measure the percent shea facture area by means of| 4 planimeter. 2642.2 Determine the individual fracture appearance val- ues 10 the nearest 5 % shear fracture and record the value. 2643 Lateral Expansion: 2643.1 Lateral expansion is the increase in. specimen wid, measured in thousandths of an inch (ils), on the compression sid, opposite the notch of the fractured Charpy ‘Venoch specimen a shown in Fig. 15. 264,32 Examine each specimen half to ascertain that the protrusions have not been damaged by contacting the anvil, machine mounting surface, and so forth. Discard such samples since they may cause erroneous readings. 26.4.3.3 Check the sides of the specimens perpendicular to the notch to ensure that no buers were formed on the sides during impact testing. I burrs exist remove them carefully by rubbing on emery cloth or similar abrasive surface, makingEXCLUSIVE USE OF STANDPRO TESTING CENTER OPC, COPYING & SHARING IS PROHIBITED. Deensoo Destin eaureest - sucess 2m nen ° Gipeacoinine aS mbacram it naam veh FG, 12 Tubular inact Specimen Containing Original OD Surtce tau) ces ed ‘in i tt Cl [Nore 1—Mesue average dimensions A and 81 he nearest 2 in. | ‘Nore 2—Determie the prea shear Fact sing Table 7 Table 8 FIG 19 Determination of 05 nm. Percent Shear Fracture ‘TABLE 7 Percent Shear for Messurements Mage in Inches inc this ble se p for fe measurements of dnensions A sd 10 shea is 0 be repo when ier A o Bs 20. ou [ow [ow [ow] ow [ow [em] om] om [om [om] on] om | om | om | om [oa esi elie le | || ai |e |e | Slslelejeleaela|ezfajnlelelelelsla|s Slelelelelel= |= lele|a|al= iw |e |e ie alslslelarlnizlele/elsls| x e|a|e Slelmi(elalalelelslalelels = |s|s B(slzlalelelalalealelaya] s =| 2 | i aivlslele|s]s|o|a}alaelel a |e | Sialalelale}alelelslelala e| 3] 3 sisimlel@/sielel]a}slejal a elite 26.434 Measure the amount of expansion on each side of cach half relative wo the plane defined by the undeformed portion ofthe sid ofthe specimen using a gauge similar to that Shown in Figs. 16 and 17 2643.5 Since the fracture path seldom bisects the point of ‘maximum expansion on both sides ofa specimen, the sum of the larger values measured foreach sie isthe value ofthe tes. ‘Arrange the halves of one specimen so that compression sides fare facing each other Using the gauge, measure the protrusion ‘on each half specimen, ensuring thatthe same side of the the opposite side ofthe specimen halves. The larger ofthe to values for each side is the expansion of that side of the specimen, 2643.6 Measure the individual lateral expansion values to the nearest mil (0.025 mm) and record the values. 26.437 With the exception described a follows, any specie men that does not separate into two pieces when struck by & Single Blow shall be reported as unbroken. The lateral expan- sion of an unbroken specimen can be reported as broken if the specimen can be separated by pushing the hinged halvesEXCLUSIVE USE OF STANDPRO TESTING CENTER OPC, COPYING & SHARING IS PROHIBITED. Bly asz0 -21 TABLE 6 Percent Shes for Measurements Made in Milimetros Since this table is st up for ite measurements or dimensions A snd. 1005 sea is 0 be reputed when either A&B is 2x0. ee 8 ew es 6 6 © @ @ 1 | © © wm ww eo 8 Shat oe © © we ew ee SB % a 2 & Seren pnan & Seon fw Se pn en pee ee 8 8 & es 8 no 8 # 8 8 # 8 8 BH BP Be as 7 2 fm fal eee a ee ee a eal (2) SFr Arpexance Ors Ooooooe (0) ie or Easing Shear Faure Apearcce FIG. 14 Fraclure Appearance Charts and Percent Shear Fracture Comparator the unbroken specimen (prior to bending) is equal to or greater than that measured forthe separated halves. Inthe case where a specimen eannot be separated into (wo halves, the lateral ‘expansion can be measured as long asthe shear lips can be fceessed without interference from the hinged ligament tht has been deformed during testing 27, Interpretation of Test Result 2.1 When the acceptance criterion of any impact test i specified to be @ minimum average value at a given temperature, the est result shall be the average (arithmetic mean rounded (0 the nearest f-lbf (J)) ofthe individual test Values of thee specimens from one test location. 21.1.4 When a minimum average test result is specified: 27.1.1.1 The test result is acceptable when all ofthe below (1) The test result equals or exceeds the specified minimum average (given in the specification), (2) The individual test value for not more than one speci= ‘men measures less than the specified minimum average, and (3) The individual test value for any specimen measures rot less than two-thirds of the specified minimum average. 2.1.1.2 If the acceptance requirements of 27.1.1 are not ‘mt, perform one retest of three addtional specimens from the same test location, Each individual test value of the retested specimens shall be equal to or greater than the specified minimum average value. 27.2 Test Specifying a Minion Transition Temperature 272.1 Determination of Transition Temperature: 27.2.L.1 Break one specimen at cach ofa series of tempera- tures above and below the anticipated transition temperatureEXCLUSIVE USE OF STANOPRO TESTING CENTER OPC. COPYING & SHARING &S PROMIBITED. Q) asr0-21 Ee SES AY, FIG. 15 Halves of Broken Charpy Vnoich impact Specinen Joined for Measurement of Lateral Expansion, Oimension A FIG. 16 Lateral Expansion Gauge for Charpy Impact SpecimensEXCLUSIVE USE OF STANDPRO TESTING CENTER OPC, COPYING & SHARING IS PROHIBITED. fly A370 - 21 using the procedures in Section 26, Revord each es emperae ture to the nearest 1 °F (05 °C) 272.1.2 Plot the individual test results (feibf or percent shea) as the ordinate versus the corresponding es temperature ‘asthe abscissa and construct a best-fit curve through he plotted ata points 27.213 If transition temperature is specified as the tem- perature at which a test value is achieved, determine the Temperature at which the plowed curve interscts the specified test value by graphical imerpolation (extrapolation is not permitted), Record this tansition temperature tthe nearest °F (3 °C). I the tabulated test results clearly indicate a transition temperature lower thn specified, i snot necessary to plot the daa, Report the lowest test temperature for which test value exceeds the specified value 272.14 Accept the test result if the determined transition temperature is equal to or lower than the specified value. 27.2.5 If the determined wanstion temperature is higher than the specified value, but not more than 20° (12°C) higher than the specified value, test sulficent samples in accordance with Section 26 10 plot wo additional curves. Accept the tes resulis ifthe temperatures determined from bath additional tests are eaual to or lower than the specified vale 23g OKAOR SHURE 10 220 FIG. 17 Assembly and Details for Lteal Expansion Gauge 27.3. When subsize specimens are permited or necessry. oF both, modi the specitied test requirement according to Table 9 or test temperature according to ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Table UG-84 2 or both. Greater energies or lower test temperatures may be agreed upon by purchaser and supplier 28, Records 28.1 The test record should contain the following informa. tion as appropriate: 28.1.1 Full description of material tested (that is, speifica- umber, grade, class or type, siz, heat number) 28.1.2 Specimen orientation with respect 10 the material 28.1.3 Specimen size 28.1.4 Test temperature and individual test valve for each specimen broken, including inital tests and retest, 281.5 Test results, 28.1.6 Transition temperature and i 0) pore 14) a ove Fat exten by in. (200 gue Mucins snr by 20 13 50 lego mache sana 2m (320mm gauge enh ocr, tn) gouge ag eon om nay ‘omen ttacs aneere8, teeny nea ste rarer (ra. Tees, Son Tenors na Oa raat Fenn eae ‘net absence Py sto (0109), Weta Bare Fat mion by 8 20 i) one on a Fat sect 8. (20) one igh ea ‘tnd by 2 (by 50 ge (cl nara Bre azine aban pacman a Mas sn Wy 248. gg gh spoon tem cro econ (8, ‘Sea apecen ta cre wston (8 9 48 and le een Fa weten by 8 (20 gue age ma hie sur aay 2 (by 0) Qe ‘ing socomen tom may Dew ware 2 Maca sta by 2 (19 0 hoe rg ‘eeannton ron Dwe iwc ane "Fain TD IN Qe eng of re Ti ic wc FH a aS WG aATABLE 412 Recommendes Practice tor Selecting Bend Test Specimens for Stee! Bar Products Ne The length of opines to be wt ta (180 Nore ~The eps the specie my be rounded to ead wt encoding Vin in wa ois Pata Fas ome 9 8) Tazan Hannpsa Oaaps Sie ee ae by ent pee (acto rac 10 V5 by 19.) ‘ucres bon ny bw rr red sts Macnab Ye (25 by 13. sce rm may btn caer hardness penetration. AL. STEEL TUBULAR PRODUCTS. A2A Scope ‘A2L1.1 This annex contains testing requirements for Stel ‘Tubular Products that are specific to the product. The require~ ‘ments contained inthis annex are supplementary to those found in the general section of this specification. Inthe case of Conflict between requirements provided in this annex and those found in the general section of this specification, the require= ‘ments of this annex shall prevail. Inthe case of conflict, between requirements provided in tis annex and requirements found in prod specications, the requirements found inthe product specification shall prevail 'A2.1.2 Tubular shapes covered by this specification include, round, squat, rectangular, and special shapes. A22 Tension Test ‘822.1 Full-size Longitadinal Test Specimens ‘822.11 As an alternative 10 the use of longitudinal strip test specimens or longitudinal round test specimens, tension test specimens of fullsize tubular sections are used, provided that the testing equipment has sufficient capacity. Snug-fiting metal plugs should be inserted far enough inthe end of such Tubular specincns to permit the testing machine jaws 40 grip the specimens properly without crushing. A design that may be tned for such plugs i shown in Fig. A2.1, The plugs shall not ‘entend ino that part of the specimen on which the elongation is measured (see Fig. 42-1). Care should be exercised to see that insofar as practicable, the load in such eases is applied ‘nally. The length ofthe full-section specimen depends on the tage length prescribed for measuring the elongation, ‘A2.2.1.2 Unless. otherwise required by the product specification, the gauge length is 2 in, or SO mm, except that for cation of Plugs in Specinon and of Specimen in Head of Tost ing Machine diameter to be used when elongation comparable to that ‘bainable with larger test specimens is required, ‘A22.1.3 To determine the cross-sectional area of the full section specimen, measutements. shall be recomded as the average of mean between the greatest and least measurements ‘ofthe cutsde diameter and the average or mean wall thickness, to the nearest 0.001 in, (0.025 mm) and the cross-sectional area is determined by the following equation: Ae s18164(0~ 0) wn where: A. = sectional area, in? D = outside diameter, in. and 18 Wikre of the unl inEXCLUSIVE USE OF STANDPRO TESTING CENTER OPC, COPYING & SHARING IS PROHIBITED hy asr0-21 accurate or appropri forthe pupae. A222 Longitudinal Strip Test Specimens A2.22.1 As an alternative tothe use of full-size longitu nal test specimens or longitudinal round test_ specimens, longitudinal strip test specimens, obtained from sips cut front the tubular product as shown in Fig. A22 and machined wo the ‘dimensions shown in Fig, A23 are used. For welded structural tubing. such test specimens shall be from a location atleast 9° from the weld; for other welded tubular products, such test specimens shal be from a location approximately 90° from the Weld, Unless otherwise required by the product specification, the gauge length shall conform to dimension C in Fig. A23, “The test specimens shall be tested using grips thal are lat oF have a surface contour coresponding to the curvature of the tubular product, oF the ends of the test specimens shall be fattened without heating prior to the fest specimens being tested using fat grips. The test specimen shown as specimen 4 in Fig. 3 shall be used, unless the capacity of the testing {equipment othe dimensions and nature of the tubular product twbe tested makes the use of specimen nos 12,01 3 necessary, [Nowe A22—An exc forma foreleg the cronesectosl wea ‘specimens of the ype shown in Fig A23 ae rom x ear be fe [Been in Tew Methods EES. ‘42.222 The width should be measured at each end ofthe gauge length to determine parallelism and also a the center, ‘The thickness should be measured atthe center and used with the center measurement ofthe with fo determine the crass sectional area. The center width dimension should be recorded to the nearest 0,005 in, (0127 mm), and the thickness ‘measurement to the nearest 0.001 in A223 Transverse Strip Test Specimens: ‘2.23.1 In general, transverse tension tests ae not recom mended for tubular products, in sizes smaller than 8 in. in fhominal diametee. When required, transverse tension test specimens may be taken from rings cut from ends of tubes oF pipe as shown in Fig. A24, Flattening ofthe specimen may be ‘done ether after separating it fom the tbe asin Fig. A24 (a), ‘or before separating it asin Fig. A24 (), and may be dane hot ‘or cold; but if the attening is done cold, the specimen may ‘Subsequently be normalized. Specimens from tubes or pipe for Which heat treatment is specified, after being fattened either hot or cold, shall be given the same treatment as the tubes or The edges of he lank for he pecimen al ecu pale Pipe. For tubes of pipe having a wall thickness of less than % fn. (19 mm), the transverse test specimen shal be of the form 1nd dimensions shown in Fig. A25 and ether or both surfaces, ‘may be machined to secure uniform thickness. Specimens for transverse tension tests on welded stecl thes or pipe 10 determine sirngth of welds, shall be located perpendicular to the welded seams with the weld at about the middle oftheir length ‘A22.32 The width should be measured at each end of the gauge length to determine parallelism and also at the center. ‘The thickness should be measured athe center and used with the center measurement of the width to determine the ross~ sectional area. The center width dimension shouldbe recorded 1o the nearest 0.005 in, (0.127 mm), and the thickness ‘measurement tothe nearest 0,001 in. (0.025 mn). A224 Round Test Specimens: ‘A2.2.4.1 When provided for in the product specication, the round test specimen shown in Fig. 4 may be used. ‘A22.4.2 The diameter of the round test specimen is mea- sured atthe center of the specimen to the nearest 0.001 in (0.025 mm». ‘A22.43 Small-sze specimens proportional vo standard, as shown in Fig. 4, may be used when itis necessary 10 tes material from which the standard specimen cannot be prepared (Other sizes of small-size specimens may be used. In any such ‘smal-sze specimen, iti important thatthe gauge length for measurement of elongation be four times the diameter of the specimen (see Note 5, Fig. 4. The elongation requirements for the round specimen 2-in. gauge length in the product specific cation shall apy tothe smallsize specimens. ‘A22.4.4 For wansverse specimens, the section from which the specimen is taken shall not be flattened or etherwise deformed, ‘A22.4.5 Longitudinal test specimens are obtained from strips cut from the tubular product as shown in Fig. A22. ‘A233 Determination of Transverse Vield Strength, Hydrau- lie Ring-expansion Method ‘A231 Hardness tests are made on the outside surface, inside surfae, or wall erss-section depending upon product: specification limitation, Surface preparation may be necessary 1 obtain accurate hardness values, ‘A232 A testing machine and method for determining the transverse yield strength from an annular ring specimen, have ‘heen developed and described in A23.3 — 9.1.2 A233 A diagrammatic vertical cross-sectional sketch of the testing machine is shown in Fig. A26. A234 In determining the uansverse yield stength on this, ‘machine, shot ing (commonly 3 in. (76 mm) in length) test specimen is used. After te large circular nut is removed from the machine, the wall thickness of the ring. specimen is {determined and the specimen istelescoped over the ol resistant rubber gasket, The nut is then replaced, but is not turned down light against the specimen. A slight clearance is left between the nut and specimen forthe purpose of permitting free radialEXCLUSIVE USE OF STANDPRO TESTING CENTER OPC, COPYING & SHARING 1S PROHIBITED. Bly aaz0 - 21 p 7 woo Ta eprearaiay zoe tine 2 sooo Veena Hea n= 2 ts0012 emer fags z= 4 Wee tes arpa Howe n= 5 ao se wponrsey soos, en Nom: Crowston aes may be eee by siping Aan [Nome 2—The dimension the tikes of he est specimen a8 provi fr i the applicable mail ypesifctions Nore The reduced section sal be pr within O10. nd may hase s gradual per in wit from the ends toward he center, wit he nds tt ore tan UTD a. wader tha he cee. ‘Non 4The ens ofthe specimen sal be symmcrial wth he center lin ofthe ree section within 10 in Nore $-Meteequvalet Vin = 254 mm, ‘Nort 6~Specimens with vides pure! Uoughost hit eth te permite, excep fr reece esing. provided: a the above tolerances a wed han segute mie of mars proved for determination of lana: ad) when yield sengihsdtrmied a suiabl exer 8 wok {be fcr oc a ste of es han 2A tom thee ote grin device, ease properties determined may oot be epseéatve of {hems he properties met he mime requnens pci ofrer eng segue, ut hey ae ess tha he unin egue, daar the test an eet "Nor 7-Spevten 5s inca for texing specimens removed from an inservice product SpecinenSsbll mo be wse for conformance esting of ew prodrt Acceptance chr for lngaion values euned om in. gauge lng spectmens shall be Strmined by agreement etwoe the ‘sponsible pars FIG. A23 Dimensions and Tolerances for Longitusinal Strip Tension Test Specimens for Tubur Products © & IG. A24 Location of Traneverse Tenslon Test Specimens in ‘ing Cut om Tubular Products, Noe 1—The dinenson rs the ches ofthe tet specimen 3s wovied Torin he aplicbe maenal pecicaces. through the pressure line under the contol of a suitable valve ‘An accurately calibrated pressure gauge serves Yo measure oil pressure. Any sir inthe system is removed trough the bleeder Tine. As the ol pressure is increased, the ruber gasket expands ‘which in tum stresses the specimen circumferential, As the pressure builds up the lips of the rubber gasket at asa eal v0 prevent oil leakage. With continued increase in pressure, the Fing specimen is subjected to a tension stress and elongates accordingly. The entire outside circumference of the ring specimen is considered as the gauge Kent and the stain is ‘measured with a sultableestensometer which will be described later. When the desired total stain or extension under load is, reached on the extensometer, the oil pressure in pounds per sauare iach is read and by emoloving Barlow's formula, the ‘Nore 2—The reduced set stall be parle! within 0.010 i. ad ay have agra per in wih om the eds toward de center, Wah te isnt moe than 0.010 wider than the center ‘Nore 3~The ens ofthe speci stale sym with he cenit tie of te wdc ston witha 010, Nowe 4—Mtte equivalent |i, =286 mm. FIG. a2. Transverse Tension Test Specimen Machined From lng Cut trom Tubular Products ‘old worked by flattening and closely approximates the same ‘condition asthe tubular section from ssi itis cut, Fut the test closely simulates service conditions in pipe lines. One testing machine unit may be used for several diferent sizes of |EXCLUSIVE USE OF STANDPRO TESTING CENTER OPC, COPYING & SHARING IS PROHIBITED, fp A370 - 21 FAG. A286 Testing Machine for Determination of Transverse Yield ‘Strength rom Annular Ring Specimen. (1) p=2800 (22) (2) S= pons (23) where: P= internal hydrostatic pressure, S- = unit circumferential stress in the all of the tube Produced by the intemal hydrostatic pressure, pi thickness ofthe tbe wall, in, and D_ = outside diameter of the tbe, in A23.5 A roller chain ype extensometer which has been found satisfactory for measuring the elongation of the ing specimen is shown in Figs. A2.7 and A2.8. Fig, A2.7 shows the ‘extensometer in positon, but unclamped, on a ring specimen ‘A small pin, through which the strain is transmited to and ‘measured by the dial gauge, extends through the hollow threaded stud. Whea the extensometer is clamped. as shown in Fig. A268, the desired tension whichis necessary to hold the instrament in place and to remove any slack, is exerted on the roller chain by the spring. Tension on the spring. may be regulated as desired by the knurled thumb screw. By removing ‘or adding rollers, the eller chain may be adapted for different sizes of tubular sections. AZA Hardness Tests ‘A241. Hardness tests are made either on the outside or the inside surfaces on the end of the tube as appropriate ‘A242 The standard 3000 kgf Brinell load may cause 100 ‘much deformation in a thin-walled tubular specimen. In this case the $00 kgf load shall be applied, o inside stiffening by ofan internal anvil should be used. Brinll testing shall ‘not be applicable to tubular products less than 2 in. ($1 mm) in ‘outside diameter, oF fess than 0.200 ia, (S.1 mm) in all thickness ‘A2A.3 The Rockwell hardness tests are normally made on the inside surface, a at on the outside surface, oF on the wall cross-section depending upon the product imitation. Rockwell hardness tess are not performed on tubes smaller than ie in (79 mm) in outside diameter, nor are they performed on the inside surface of tubes with less than 4 in. (6-4 mm) inside diameter. Rockwell hardness tests are not performed on an- rcaled tubes with walls Fess dhan 0.065 in. (1165 mm) thick or cold worked or heat treated tubes with walls less than 0.049 in, (1.24 mm) thick. For tubes with wall thicknesses less than those permitting the regular Rockwell harness test, the Su- peficial Rockwell testis sometimes substituted. Transverse Rockwell hardness readings can be made on tubes with a wall thickness of 0.187 in, (4.75 mm) or greater. The eurvature and the wall thickness of the specimen impose limitations on theEXCLUSIVE USE OF STANDPRO TESTING CENTER OPC, COPYING & SHARING IS PROHIBITED. (fp asz0 - 21 FIG. A28 Roller Chain Type Extensometer, Clamped Rockwell hardness test. When a comparison is made between Rockwell determinations made on the outside surface and determinations made on the inside surface, adjustment of the readings will be required to compensate for the effect of curvature. The RockvtellB sale is used on all materials having fn expected hardness range of BO to B100. The Rockwell C Scale is used on material having an expected hardness range of 20 10 C68. ‘A244 Superficial Rockwell hardness tests are normally performed on the outside surface whenever possible and whenever excessive spring back is ot encountered. Others, the tests may be performed on the inside. Superficial Rockwell, hardness tests stall nat be performed on tubes with an inside diameter of less than 4 in. (64 mm). The wall thickness Timitations forthe Superficial Rockwell hardness estar given in Tables A21 and A2.2. ADA When the outside diameter, inside diameter wall thickness precides the obtaining of accurate hardness values, tubular producis shall be specified to tensile properties and so teste A2S Manipulating Tests A25.1 The following tests are made wo prove ductility of ‘eran wbular products A2S.I-1 Flauening Test—The fattening test as commonly made on specimens cut from tubular products is conducted by subjecting rings from the tbe o pipe ta prescribed degree of fatiening between parallel plates (see Fig. A24). The severity ‘ofthe latening testis measured by the distance between the parallel plates and is varied according to the dimensions ofthe tube oF pipe. The fattening tes specimen should not be less than 214i. (63.5 mum) in length and should be Mattened cold to the extem required by the applicable materi specifications. ‘A2S.12 Reverse Flastening Test—The reverse flatening testis designed primarily for application to elecic.welded tubing for the detection of lack of penetration or overlaps resulting from flash removal in the weld. The specimen consists of length of tubing approximately 4 in. (102 mm) long which s split longitudinally 90° on each side ofthe wel. The sample is then opened and latened with the wel atthe Point of maximum bend see Fig. A29), TABLE A2.1 Vall Thickness Linltaions of Supertcal Hardness Test on Annealed or Duce Materials or Steet Tubular Products” ("Seat (io Ba Omrcoss an, aeEXCLUSIVE USE OF STANDPRO TESTING CENTER OPC, COPYING & SHARING IS PROHIBITED. fly asz0 - 21 ‘TABLE 42:2 Wall Thickness Limitations of Supericil lardness Test on Cold Worked or Heat Tested Material fer Steel Tubular Products” Wares ‘ver 0035 088) Seer 028 051) Cots ans oe (3 ‘TF pave ad ecrmendn or 8 ge wal Fc BOY ‘AG. A29 Reverse Fatening Test ‘The crash tes, sometimes refered to ‘as an upsetting test, is wsually made on boiler and other pressure tubes, for evaluating ductliy (see Fig. A2.10), The Specimen is ring cut from the tube, usually about 2% in (63.5 mm) long. Tl is placed on end and crushed endwise by 25.1.3. Crush Tes hammer or press to the distance prescribed by the applicable ‘material specifications. 'A25.14 Plange Test—The flange tests intended to deter- mine the ductility of boiler tubes and thei ability to withstand the operation of bending into a tube sheet. The testis made on FIG. A210 Crush Tet SpacimenEXCLUSIVE USE OF STANDPRO TESTING CENTER OPC, COPYING & SHARING | hp asz0—21 ‘ring cut from a tube, usually not less than in. (100 mm) long and consists of having a flange turned over at right angles tothe body of the tube to the width required by the applicable material specifications. The flaring tol and die block shown in Fig. A2.11 are recommended for use in making this ts A2S.L5 Flaring Tesi—For certain types of presure tubes, an alternate 0 the flange testis made. This test consists of driving a tapered mandret having a slope of ¥ in 10 as shown g. A212 (a) or a 60? included angle as shown in Fig, ‘82.12 (b) into a section cut from the tube, approximately 4 in, (100 em) in Keng, and thus expanding the specimen unt the inside diameter hasbeen increased to the extent required by the applicable material specifications ‘A2S5.1.6 Bend Test—For pie used fr coiling in sizes 2 in ‘and under a bend test is made to determine its ductily ad the soundaess of weld. In this testa sufcient length of full-size pipe is bent cold though 90° around a cylindrical mandrel hhtving a diameter 12 times the nominal diameter ofthe pipe For close ceiling, the pipe is bent cold through 180° around a ‘mandrel having a diameter 8 times the nominal diameter of the Pipe: 0s Oba dts Tote oon ners F Crow. bao hene vg Yt AQS.L7 Transverse Guided Bend Test of Welds—This bend testis used to determine the ductility of fusion welds, The specimens used are approximately 12 in. (8 mm) wide, a least 6 in (152 mm) i length with the weld atthe center, and fare machined in accordance with Fig. A213 for face and root bend tests and in accordance with Fig. A2.14 for side bend texts, The dimensions ofthe plunger shall be as show in Fig. ‘A2LIS and the other dimensions of the bending jig shall be substantially as given i this same Figure. A test shall consist of| & face bend specimen and a root bend specimen or two side bend specimens. A face bend test requites bending with the imside surface ofthe pipe agains! the plunger; a roo! bend test, requires bending wit the ouside surface ofthe pipe against the plunger; and a side bend test requires bending so that one ofthe side surfaces becomes the convex surface of the bend specimen, ‘(1 Failure ofthe bend test depen upon the appearance of cracks in the area of the bend, of the nature and extent described inthe product specifications ‘A= Outs Dam. of Tie pus ff Die Block Non Met uve | in = 28.4 a. "1G. A211 Faring Tool and Oi Block or Flange Test