CHME 202 - Fluid Mechanics - Spring 2023 - Computer Lab

Assignment #1

Course instructor: Dr. Yanwei Wang

Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering,
School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University

January 25, 2023

Requirements
You are expected to

1. Work as part of a group. Group work is used at university because it can be an effective and
powerful way to learn and is also highly relevant to the workplace.

2. Accomplish the following tasks using Wolfram Mathematica.

Grouping
Groups are assigned by the course instructor. Each group has 5 6 members and should have a group
leader (assigned by yourself). Team leaders will be involved in the process of assigning individual
scores together with the TA and the course instructor.

Deadline
Submit your lap report as one Wolfram Notebook file and one PDF file to Moodle no later than 23:59
(Astana time), Wednesday, Feb. 22, 2023.

Task 1 [20 Points]: Pressure and density in the troposphere

In this task, you are expected to read the relevant pages for the results shown in Figure 1 in the textbook
(F.M. White, Fluid Mechanics, 7th ed. in SI units, McGraw-Hill, 2011) [1] and derive using Wolfram
Mathematica the two equations, Eq. (2.20), in the figure. After that, you are asked to prepare one figure
to show how pressure (p) varies with attitude z, and a second figure to show how density (ρ) varies with
attitude z. You are expected to choose the appropriate range of z by yourself.

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 Figure 1: Pressure and density in the troposphere.

Task 2 [20 Points]: Viscosity of supercritical carbon dioxide

Read the first four pages of Ref. [2] “Heidaryan, E., Hatami, T., Rahimi, M., & Moghadasi, J. (2011).
Viscosity of pure carbon dioxide at supercritical region: Measurement and correlation approach. The
Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 56(2), 144-151” (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2010.
12.006) and prepare a figure similar to Figure 4 of the paper using Equation 2 and the coefficients that
are shown in Table 1 of the paper. Notice that you are only expected to show the lines that are labeled
as ”Stephan and Lucas” in the figure. Hint: Notice that Eq. 2 is a dimensional equation.

Task 3 [20 Points]: Types of time-independent fluid behavior

Figure 2 presents five types of time-independent fluid behavior on a graph of shear stress vs. shear rate.
There are Newtonian fluid, shear-thinning or pseudoplastic fluid, shear-thickening or dilatant, Bingham
plastic, and Bingham pseudoplastic fluid. Those five types of fluid behavior can be described by a simple
three-parameter model, known as the Herschel—Bulkley model [3], which can be expressed as
(
τ = τ0 + K γ̇ n for τ > τ0
(1)
γ̇ = 0 for τ ≤ τ0

The Herschel—Bulkley model has three parameters: yield stress τ0 ≥ 0, flow consistency index K > 0,
and flow behavior index (dimensionless) n > 0, which is known as the power-law exponent or the
pseudoplastic index.

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In this task, you are asked to choose appropriate sets of values of τ0 , K, and n and prepare a figure
similar to that shown in Figure 2. You are expected to prepare the figure using Wolfram Mathematica,
following the examples provided by the course instructor.

t ic
as
Shear stress (τ) [Pa]

pl
a m
ngh
Bi a n
ni
to
N ew

Figure 2: Classification of fluids with shear stress as a function of shear rate.

Task 4 [20 Points]: The modified Bingham model for concrete

Read Section I-Introduction and Section 3.1. Rheological Models and shear rate distribution of
Ref. [3] “Zhaidarbek, B., Tleubek, A., Berdibek, G., & Wang, Y. (2023). Analytical predictions of con-
crete pumping: Extending the Khatib–Khayat model to Herschel–Bulkley and modified Bingham fluids.
Cement and Concrete Research, 163, 107035” (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.
2022.107035) and prepare a figure that presents typical shear stress vs. shear rate curves described
by the modified Bingham model, similar to that shown in Fig. 2(a) of the paper.

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Task 5 [20 Points]: Analysis of shear-thinning blood models
Read Section II-B. Non-Newtonian fluid models of Ref. [4] “Boyd, J., Buick, J. M., & Green, S. (2007).
Analysis of the Casson and Carreau-Yasuda non-Newtonian blood models in steady and oscillatory flows
using the lattice Boltzmann method. Physics of Fluids, 19(9), 093103” (https://doi.org/10.
1063/1.2772250) and prepare a figure that presents the shear-dependent viscosities for the Carreau-
Yasuda model (Abraham et al., solid line) and Casson (Perktold et al., dashed line) models, similar to
that shown in Fig. 2 of the paper. Hint: Model expressions and parameters are given in the paper. Notice
that you are not asked to plot the LBM viscosity shown in the figure.

References
[1] F. M. White, Fluid Mechanics, 7th ed. in SI units, McGraw Hill.

[2] E. Heidaryan, T. Hatami, M. Rahimi, J. Moghadasi, Viscosity of pure carbon dioxide at supercritical
region: Measurement and correlation approach, J. Supercrit. Fluids 56 (2) (2011) 144–151. doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2010.12.006.

[3] B. Zhaidarbek, A. Tleubek, G. Berdibek, Y. Wang, Analytical predictions of concrete pumping:

Extending the khatib–khayat model to herschel–bulkley and modified bingham fluids, Cement and
Concrete Research 163 (2023) 107035. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.
2022.107035.

[4] J. Boyd, J. M. Buick, S. Green, Analysis of the casson and carreau-yasuda non-newtonian blood
models in steady and oscillatory flows using the lattice boltzmann method, Physics of Fluids 19 (9)
(2007) 093103. doi:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2772250.

(Designed by Dr. Yanwei Wang)