PlusOne FAMILY, RELIGION AND Updated Curriculum peu BOOKSHOPS ACROSS ZIMBABWE! yen stadt ea (Cee daecon Pe tome Cear ial 078 895 4870 or Tinotenda cy eu a TT ae st. BardPlusOne Family, Religion and Moral Education Grade 6 Learner’s Book P. Chirandu L. Mupfupi Ss. C Ngwenya SECONDARY PRESSTOPIC 1: FAMILY ... Unit 4: Concept of Family... Unit 2: Family and Religion .. Unit 3: Family and Community ... Unit 4: Social and Emotional Learning Test 1 .. TOPIC 2: RELIGION .. Unit 5: Concept of Religion Unit 6: Indigenous Religion .. Unit 7: Christianity . Unit 8: Judaism Unit 9: Islam . . 36 . 46 Test 2 .. TOPIC 3: MORALS AND VALUES Unit 10: Concept of Morals and Values . 73 Unit 11: Rights and Responsibilities . 88 . 92 Unit 12: Conflict and Conflict Management ... Unit 13: National Value Systems ... Unit 14: Religion Technology and Enterprise TOPIC 4 RELIGION AND HEALTH .. Unit 15: Religion and Abuse ... Unit 16: Religion and Gender Unit 17: Religion and Sexuality .. Unit 18: Religion HIV and AIDS Unit 19: Healthy Living .. 101 . 102 . 110 Test 3 ..Topic FAMILY Topic Introduction The family plays an important role in Zimbabwe and Africa as a whole. Each person in Africa lives as part of a family. Individuals who are related through a common ancestor are part of the family. This includes relatives such as children, parents, grandparents, uncles, aunts, brothers, sisters, nephews and cousins, the structures of a family are influenced by culture, religion, law, politics, traditions and beliefs of people. Families are identified by surnames, totems, mother language and places of origin, this makes African families different from other races all over the world. In Zimbabwe the Shona, Ndebele, Kalanga, Tonga, Zezuru, Chewa and Ndau people believe that the extended family is established not only by those who share the same ancestor, but with also those who share the same totem.CONCEPT OF THE FAMILY Unit objectives By the end of this unit, you should be able to: (a) identify other family relations. (b) explain causes of changes in families. (c) outline effects of family dynamics. (d) identify family lineages. (e) recite totems. Looking Back In previous grades you learnt about origins of families that can be traced through family trees which start with grand grandparents, grandparents, parents and children. There are different types of families such as nuclear family, child headed family and single parent families. You also learnt about relationships within families and responsibilities of parents or eldest children in families. Key Words Aunt ~ sister of mother or father. Cousin ~ aunt's or uncle's child (whether the cousin is male or female). Uncle ~ brother of your mother or father. Family relationships A family is a group of relatives by blood or marriage. Family includes your brothers, sisters and parents as well as relatives who may not interact with you every day such as cousins, aunts, uncles and grandparents. The people who are closest to you in your nuclear family or extended family are your relatives Extended family Relationships within an extended family are based on kinship (blood relationship or marriage relationship from the mother’s side (maternal) or father’s side (paternal). The relation of aunts and uncles with nieces and nephews have important implications for parents and their children in an indigenous family. @Itis important to maintain strong ties with the extended family such as (your mother’s parents or father’s brothers and sisters, we call them aunt and uncle. Aunts and uncles are close to their nephews and nieces (brother’s or sister’s children). Aunts and uncles can act as parents of a nephew and niece in the event of death of parents. Grandparents Grandparents Mother's side of a family (Maternal) Father's side of a family (Paternal) “NX, Father Uncle <> Aunt Vee A Aunt Jane Mary Parsons Lean (Nephew) (Nieces) (Nephew) (Niece) John Susan Peter Faith (Nephew) (Niece) (Nephew) —_(Nieces) Uncle: your father’s brothers and your mother's brothers are your uncles. From the diagram Ben and Jack are your uncles. Aunt: your mother’s sisters and your father's sisters are your Aunts. The diagram shows aunt Vee and Aunt Jane. Cousin: Your aunt and uncle's child is your cousin. From the diagram John, Susan, Marry, Joe, Leah and faith are all your cousins. Niece: are daughters of your brother or sister. They call your parents uncle and aunt. In the Susan, Marry, Lean and Faith are nieces to your mother and father. Nephew: are sons and daughters of your brother or sister. They call your parents uncle and aunt. In the diagram they are John, Joe, Parsons and Peter. Research on your family background and come up with a detailed family tree from the great grandparents to the current generation which is your family. Name the titles of relationships in your family for example grandparents, parents, in laws, aunts, uncles, granddaughters, cousins, nephews, nieces, brothers and sisters. A family is a group of people related through a common A. Village B. ancestor Nephew and niece are called ___ A. friendsmember result in a child taking the role of a mother or father. When children take care of the role of a parent, they end up missing school. They also take up domestic duties of adults who may be sick, disabled or absent. One of the roles of a family is childcare. The role of traditional mothers, grandfathers, aunts and sisters in the family was to take care of young children and socialise them. Due social problems children now grow up alone at home or in care centers. Parents can no longer provide adequate attention and love to their children due to busy lives. Due to overcrowding in towns there is high rate of crime, drug abuse and domestic violence. Hence children end up becoming street kids. Migration of other family members to neighbouring countries has caused a high rate of divorce in families. Most children are living alone without adults to care for them. This result in child headed families and child labour. Child labour is when children work to earn money for a living Research on family dynamics and write a report on causes and effects of family dynamics such as migration and religious affiliation. The major role of a mother or other family members was to A. work in the field B. take care of children C. move to urban areas in search of work D. protect the family Family dynamics refers to the __ of the family structure, its function and roles of its members. A. changes B. importance . nature D. level Why are parents failing to provide enough attention and love to their children? A. Lack of knowledge B. Shortage of resources C. Busy lives D. Change of culture What is causing overcrowding in towns? A. Urban to rural migration B. Shortage of houses C. High rate of crime D. Rural urban migration Give one problem being faced by children in broken families. A. Unemployment B. Lack of parental care resulting in living in the street as street kids, C. Sickness D. Migration Lineage and totems Lineages and totems are very important in the Indigenous Religion. They are important in various families in indigenous societies. One is encouraged to know his or her lineage and totem.‘AMILY AND RELIGION Unit objectives By the end of this unit, you should be able to: (a) state the role of religion in the marriage institution and family life, Looking back Families in Zimbabwe belong to different religions and they practice different religious beliefs when it comes to marriage. Religious activities bring families together. People practice marriage according to their cultural and religious beliefs. Key Words Family ~ are people related by blood or marriage living together. Society = people living in organised groups who share a geographical location, social institutions and expectations or behaviour. Marriage ~is a union between two people called spouses that establishes rights and obligations between them, their children and in-laws. Role of religion in marriage and family life All religions are the foundation of morals values and beliefs. They help to shape us and determine what is right and what is wrong, Religion cares deeply about marriage because it is the foundation of the family. Marriage joins families together creating relationships. It is important to note that, religion plays an important role in marriage life. These roles include the following: 1. Counselling Religion plays an important role in offering counselling services to people in marriage and family life. Religious leaders have an important role to make sure that they provide guidance in solving various problems which people face in marriage and family life. In Indigenous Religion, the elders of the community are responsible for counselling family members in various circumstances which arise in the country. In Christianity, pastors give counselling services to family members or a couple in marriage.[AMILY AND COMMUNITY Unit objectives By the end of the unit, you should be able to: (a) describe the role of family in promoting interaction. (b) state how the community contribute to the family. (c} state ways in which religious institutions assist the needy in Zimbabwe. Looking Back In grade five you learnt about ways in which families interact with other family members at home. Families spend time together enjoying quality time in and out doors. Families play @ major role in supporting communities and taking part in developing communities. Family members participate in community activities such as cultural events, sporting and religious events. Families and communities engage in voluntary work in caring for the needy and giving them moral support. Key Words Community —a group of people sharing same norms and values living in the same geographical location. Donation — goods or cash given to people in need. Interaction _- talking or sharing of two or more people. Family interaction Family interaction takes place as people talk, work and share good time with immediate and extended family members. Family interaction is the first foundation that allows children to learn social skills for the future. Social interactions and strong family connections are essential for growth and development. Nowadays, families can interact through social media such as phones, WhatsApp, Facebook and visiting relatives 1. Families assist each other when raising children Parents and relatives such as aunts, uncles, grandmothers and grandfathers play an important role in raising children. Family members have rights and responsibilities of day today living tasks. Parents teach discipline and provide food, shelter and clothing for the family, Other family members and relatives such as grandparents are a key source of information and resources (monetary or kind) for the family. The extended family plays an important role in teaching social norms and values to children. Children learn from family members and people in the community such as neighbours, teachers, religious leaders, or other influential people in the community. In Zimbabwe uncles and grandparents teach boys various skills for survival as they grow to be mature men while aunts and grandmothers teach girls domestic work empowering them to be future mothers and successful women. The community also teaches children to respect others, love, care, share and help the needy and the underprivileged. The community and extended family members take care of children in the event of the death of parents in a family. Families assist each other in raising children. 2. Funerals Families help each other in difficult times such as at funerals and sickness of the loved ones. The role of families is therefore to help a= a” one another in good and bad times. Losing a family member has devastating effects and cause grief to other members of the family. Funerals are community affairs in which the whole community feels the grief with the bereaved and shares in it. Other families in the community attend funerals to comfort, and encourage the bereaved. People at a funeral Inrural and urban areas, community and church members contribute things like mealie meal, vegetables, meat and groceries to assist during the funeral During and after the funeral, the extended family, the church and community members continue to console the bereaved family and make the transition back to normal life. The transition during the mourning period is accompanied by cleansing rituals in indigenous culture or a prayer by the church in Christianity or Islamic religion. In western societies, funerals are private ceremonies reserved for family members and close friends of the deceased. In Zimbabwe, a funeral is a public celebration where the whole family including extended family members, friends and community, come together to celebrate the life and bid farewell to the loved one. They believe in life after death. The extended family members and friends share the responsibility to care for the children left by the deceased if the bread winners pass on. 3. Celebrations Families interact in good times celebrating achievements of other family members. In Zimbabwe we have traditional and modern ways of celebrating achievements of family members.Caring for the needy In most religions there is emphasis on prayer, giving and caring for the needy people in society, In both the Old and the New Testament, we see God's desire for his children to show compassion for the poor. Helping others is one of the principles or pillars of the Islamic faith. The Jewish community is also committed to charity, righteousness and justice. The idea of the extended family in Indigenous Religion came about as a way of ensuring love and care for all family members so that the needy may benefit from the rich. Caring for the needy lies at the heart of religions. Religious institutions assist the children’s homes, hospitals and other centres which takes care of the needy such as Bumhudzo Old People’s Home and Mathew Rusike Children's Home. Non-governmental organisations also play a big role in providing for the needy. People in the community can donate and religious institutions can present the donations to the needy. Religious organisations can be used as collection points for donations. During the Chimanimani disaster communities used churches, schools, and shopping centres as collection points for donations of disaster victims. These donations were later distributed to the victims. Bumhudzo old people's home Bumhudzo is a centre which is run by the Salvation Army church. The home takes care of the old people, sick and destitute citizens. The home is in Manyame Park in Chitungwiza. The home has a hospital which is responsible for taking care of the sick at the institution Matthew Rusike children’s home Matthew Rusike children’s home was influenced by the work of the late Reverend Matthew Jacha Rusike. Matthew Rusike worked hard to benefit the less privileged children. Matthew Rusike is situated in Epworth, 15km east of Harare. It was started in 1960. Organise a field trip to one of the institutions that care for the needy in your community and donate goods to show your love, care and support for them. 1. List any 3 religious groups that support the needy. 2. Give any 2 ways in which religious institutions can support the less privileged in communities. 3. List moral values from different religions that support care for the needy. 4, Complete the table: Institution What they do Bumhudzo Matthew Rusike Jairos JiriSOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL LEARNING Unit objectives By the end of this unit, you should be able to: (a) state different ways of managing relationships in religion (b) identify different ways of managing religious differences. (c) explain ways of making friends. (d) explain the need for love, forgiveness and reconciliation in relationships. (e) choose right friends. (f) make informed decisions. (9) explain the importance of wisdom in decision making. Looking Back In previous grades you learnt about social awareness, respect for others and appreciation for diversity. Managing oneself is important as it has an impact on how one relates with others at home or at school. Taking responsibility enables you to control emotions and avoid conflict with others. Empathy and appreciation of differences in people be it language, colour, interests and beliefs are important in order to live in peace and harmony in our communities. Key Words Friendship a relationship of mutual affection between people. Forgiveness the action or process of forgiving Reconciliation — restoration of friendly relations. Relationships — a way in which two people feel about each other and behave towards each other. Relationship management Managing relationships involves appreciating others, being positive and respecting everyone and tolerance of religious views that maybe different from ours. Accommodating others and respecting different beliefs creates an inclusive environment for people of mixed belief systems. Discrimination or unfair treatment of people based on age, race, gender and religious orientation should be avoided in order to build good relationships among people.You do not claim to be greater than Jacob, do you? Jesus answered “all those who drink this water that I give you will never thirst again. Jesus later told the woman all about her life and the woman left her water jar, went back to the town and told the people to come and see the Messiah, many Samaritans came and believed Jesus, they begged him to stay with them in the town for two days. Discuss the story of Jesus and the Samaritan woman and list moral values from the story. 1. We build relationships through appreciating others’ _ A. attitudes B. religion C. skills, D. behaviour 2. Rashid and Tendai were friends although they had different _. A. homes B. neighbourhood C.backgrounds —_D. religions 3. How did Jesus make friends? A. Preaching B, Speaking in parables C. Choosing disciples D. Healing the sick Responsible decision making Decisions are made every day, decisions are the choices that we make each day, what to wear, friends we choose and the sporting activities we do. Some choices may seem small but may affect you for a life time. 1, Friends Choosing a friend is an important aspect of your life because your friends are your guide in life, they define who you are. There is an old saying “show me your friends then | will know the kind of a person you are “friends usually describe who we are. Friends have a major influence on how you think, feel and behave. Building healthy friendships is an important part of growing up. Characteristics of a good friend (a) Trustworthiness Trust and honesty are the comer stones in any relationship. A supportive friend will tell you the truth even if it does not please you, An honest friend will not lie but tells you the truth to build you. (b) Faithfulness Choose a friend who stands by you in both good and bad times, it is difficult to stay by a person who is in trouble, so choose a friend that is strong enough to be the shoulder to lean onin difficult times. A good friend offers emotional support, guidance and advice. (c) Sharing Sharing is when both parties give. A good friend should be willing to share all the time.1. Complete table below, list characteristics of good and bad friends. Characteristics of good friends Characteristics of bad friends Managing relationships involves appreciating others, being positive and respecting everyone and tolerance of religious views that maybe different from ours. There are certain ways which can be used to manage various relationships. Tolerance and acceptance of other people's religions reduce violent conflict and war in society. Peer pressure is a type of influence pushed on a person by a group of friends. Friends make decisions every day and influence each other’s choices and behaviours. Wisdom is one of the important aspects when making decisions. Unit Revision Exercises Multiple Choice Questions Lo __ promotes good relationships in communities. A.Communication B. Information —_C. Injustice D. Conflict 2. What is wisdom? A. Ability to choose a friend B. Ability to make right decisions C. Giving in to peer pressure D. Changing your behaviour 3. Whatis a friend? A. Anyone of the same age as you B. Someone you grew up with C. Classmate D. Someone of your age whom you Spend most of your time with 4, Agood friend is ______ and __ A. trustworthy and honesty B. humble and influential C. judgmental and rude D. controlling and selfish 5. Abad friend is someone who _____. A. cares about your secrets B. pressures you to do wrong things C. understands your weakness D. gives you honest opinionTest 1 Paper 1: Multiple Choice Questions (1 hour 30 minutes - 40 marks) There are 40 multiple-choice questions and you are required to answer all 10. i. 12. 13. 14, 15. 16. 17. The multifaith approach in schools involves learning different _____. A. languages B. religion C. habits D. standards Unfair treatment of people based on skin, colour, gender or religious orientation is called A.communication B.transformation — C. discrimination D. innovation War and conflict can be caused by _______ in society. A. injustice B. belief systems —_C. diversity D. interactions Arainbow nation is a country with ___ . A. many churches B. one religion C. conflict D. people of different races living together Good relationships are built on _______ and _____for others. A. hard work and love B. rights and responsibility C. trust and respect D. thoughts and actions Which is the best way to resolve a conflict? A. Keeping quiet B. Involve another person in dialogue C. Revenging and fighting back D. Breaking the friendship Where is Bumhudzo located? A.Chitungwiza —_B. Epworth C. Harare D. Marondera - _ runs Bumhudzo old people's home. A. United Methodist B. Salvation Army —C. Government. D.ZcC When was Matthew Rusike children’s home found? A. 1980 B. 2006 c. 1960 D. 1979 Family disputes are solved through ________. A. mitigation B. mediation C. inspiration D. contributions Counsellors are _ A. politicians B. presidents C. Members of Parliament D. people who give others advice Disaster mitigation measures ________ the destructive effects. A. maximise B. increases C. minimise D. stimulates Natural disasters include the following except _______. A. floods B. drought C. volcanoes D. car accident In communities people have a sense of _________ as they care for their family members. A. hatred B. togetherness _C. poverty D. disputes Which ameng the following is the odd one out? A. Love B. Unity C. Enmity D. Peace What can help you to deal with conflict and peer pressure? A. Decision-making B. Giving up C. Knowledge D. Fear Who among the following can cause bad peer pressure A.Counsellors _B. Friends C. Parents D. PastorsPaper 2: Structured Questions (1 hour 30 minutes - 50 marks) This paper comprises of Section A and B. Section A This section is compulsory and carries 30 marks 1. What do we call the parents of your grandparents? ta] 2. Define family dynamics. [2] 3. Migration is _______. (2) 4. Why do people come together during a funeral? tl 5. State any 3 professionals who work with counsellors. (3) 6. Whatis peer pressure? (2] 7. Give any 3 reasons why people give in to peer pressure. (3) 8. List any 3 way of withstanding peer pressure. (3) 9. State any 3 characteristics of a good friend (3) 10. List any 2 ways of managing relationships. (2) 11. State 2 advantages of family interaction in raising a child. [2] 12. Name any 3 social media platforms used for interaction. [3] 13. Unfair treatment of people can be based on _________and______. (2] 14. Who is the founder of Matthew Rusike Children's Home? (a Section B This is a choice section which carries 20 marks. You are expected to choose 4 out of 6 questions. Each question carries 5 marks 1. (a) Disaster mitigation is ______. tt] (b) Give any 2 natural disasters. [2] (c) Give 2 effects of natural disasters. [2] 2. (a) What is mediation? iva} (b) State any 2 people who act as mediators in families. (2) (c) What is the advantage of good mediation. (a 3. (a) State any 2 religious ceremonies in Indigenous Religion (2 (b) State the importance of the ceremonies stated in (a). [2] (c) State any religious ceremony in Judaism. tl 4. (a) State any 3 institutions that assist less privileged people. t (b) State any 2 ways people can use to take care of the needy in communities. L 5. (a) Corporate social responsibility is ___ t (b) State any 3 companies which are involved in corporate social responsibilities. [3] [ 6. (a) State any 3 celebrations done in indigenous Religion (b) State any 2 activities done during the celebrations.CONCEPT OF RELIGION Unit objectives By the end of this unit, you should be able to: (a) identify religions in Zimbabwe Looking Back In the previous grade, you looked at different religions which are in Zimbabwe. You also looked at the importance of belonging to a religion. In this unit, there will be a look at the different religions which are practised in Zimbabwe. Key Words Indigenous —_— originating from that particular place and not foreign. Mediator ~ someone who stands between two people Torah ~ the first five books of the Hebrew Bible. Religions in Zimbabwe Zimbabwe has freedom of worship, so there are many religions practiced in Zimbabwe. Zimbabweans belong to different religions. The major ones are: * Indigenous Religion © Christianity * Judaism + Islam (a) Indigenous Religion Just like what you learnt in grade 5, indigenous Religion refers to those religious practices which originally belong to a particular region where they are practiced. Indigenous Religion has been practiced in Zimbabwe long ago. The indigenous religious practices differ depending with the tribes. The tribes in Zimbabwe include BaTonga, Kalanga, Shona, Sotho, Ndau, Venda, Ndebele and others. These tribes have different ways which they conduct their religious activities. Indigenous Religion has no identifiable founder and it has no holy book. Africans have been worshipping the Supreme Being through ancestral spirits. Spirit mediums are mediators between the Supreme Being and the indigenous people.Activity 2 Research about the five pillars of Islam. 1. Name one missionary who helped spread Christianity in Zimbabwe. 2. _____-__Lspread Islam to the Mutapa Empire. 3. Jews meet to worship in a synagogue on Key points in this unit There are four major religions practiced in Zimbabwe. © Indigenous Religion is the religion that has been practiced by Africans long ago before the coming of other religions. Followers of Indigenous religion call the Supreme Being using different names from all the languages spoken in Zimbabwe. Islam was brought by traders. Christianity was founded by Jesus Christ. The founder of Judaism is Abraham. Unit Revision Exercises Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which religion was practiced in Zimbabwe before the coming of foreign religions? A. \slam_ B. Christianity C. Judaism D. Indigenous Religion 2. In which religion is Muhammad the mediator between the believers and the Supreme Being? A. Islam B. Christianity. Judaism D. Indigenous Religion 3. Whatis a missionary? A. Robert Moffat B. A person who comes to Zimbabwe C. A person who comes to a place to spread a religion. D. traders 4, Which group of believers traded with the Mutapa Empire? A. Muslims B. Christians C. Jews D. Traditionalists 5. Robert Moffat set up a mission station at _ A. Inyathi B. Chinhoyi C. Matopos. D. Victoria Falls 6. Which of these names for the Supreme Being is used in Indigenous Religion? A. Allah B. Leza c. Yahweh D. Jehovah 7. The reason why we learn about other religions is that we _______ each other. A. fight B. despise €. laugh at D. tolerate 8. Zimbabwe is a multi-faith country, this means that _. A. people in Zimbabwe belong to different religions B. people in Zimbabwe belong to one religion(c) National guardians Notable spirit mediums include Sekuru Kaguvi, Mbuya Nehanda, Mkwati and Siginyamatshe. Some of the spirit mediums such as Mbuya Nehanda and Sekuru Kaguvi were martyrs because they were killed for their indigenous beliefs. These spirit mediums and many others are regarded as national guardian spirits because they assisted fellow Africans to fight the common enemy who had come to oppress them. These spirit mediums used their supernatural powers to assist fellow Africans to fight the colonisers. National guardian spirits are the spirits of these spirit mediums who are regarded as heroes and heroines of the First Chimurenga or Umvukela Traditionalists believe that the spirits of the departed spirit mediums helped the indigenous people to fight the colonisers in the first war of liberation in 1893-96 and continued to help the freedom fighters and nationalists in the Second Chimurenga_ which started in 1966 with the battle at Chinhoyi in 1966 and ended through a ceasefire signed at Lancaster in 1979, According to Indigenous Religion, the national guardian spirits continued leading the country to total freedom. (d) Sacred places of Zimbabwe Sacred places are holy locations for Indigenous Religion. There are many sacred places in Zimbabwe. A sacred place in Indigenous Religion is a place where believers of Indigenous Religion meet to carry out different activities meant to worship the Creator. The sacred place is also called a shrine. A sacred place can be a mountain, tree, cave, forest, river, or a kopje. One such sacred place is Njelele also known as Matojeni. Indigenous Religion and followers perform various activities to worship Mwari or Umdali who is the Creator. The rain asking ceremony is performed at the shrine by pure women Njelele shrine 1. Name any sacred place in your area. Is there anyone who stays there to protect the area? 2. Discuss what is done by the indigenous followers at a sacred area. One of the symbols of eternity in Indigenous Religion is a _____ A.pig B. lion C. snake D. baboon Ancestral spirits are spirits of __ -. A. living relatives B. departed ancestors ¢. animals D. sacred reptilesReligious practitioners and their roles In Indigenous Religion there are special people who help in the spread and conservation of indigenous religious practices. These religious practitioners are very important in the teaching and guiding of others on the ways of worshipping the creator through African ways. They teach through showing others how things are done and also through word of mouth which is called oral tradition. 1. Spirit mediums A spirit medium talks to the ancestral spirits and ancestral spirits speak to God the Creator. The spirit medium hears the voice of the ancestral spirits when they are possessed. Traditionalists believe that it is not the medium talking but the spirit who has made use of the body and voice of the host. Traditionalists also believe that they make a real contact with a spirit once the medium becomes possessed. The spirit medium is drawn into the spiritual world when he or she falls into a trance. 2. Traditional healers Another religious practitioner in Indigenous Religion is the traditional healer known as a n’anga in Shona and Inyanga in Ndebele. A traditional healer is a traditional religious practitioner possessed by a spirit of healing and divining. Divining is being able to see the spiritual cause of the disease. A traditional healer throws bones, the bones are called hakata in Shona and amathambo in Ndebele. 4 traditional healer The divining spirit turns the bones in the air causing them to fall in such a way as to reveal the message of the spirit. People visit the traditional healers for healing and for other services. Most traditionalists in Zimbabwe are members of an organisation called Zimbabwe National Traditional Healers Association (ZINATHA). This organisation registers and monitors its members to make sure that they do their work in the community in a proper way. Indigenous Religion and the environment In indigenous Religion believers are expected to protect wildlife and the environment. There are different ways which Indigenous Religion use to preserve the natural environment. (i) Totems Respect of totems help in the protection of wildlife and the environment. A person whose totem is Shumba would not harm or kill a lion because it is his or her totem. It is believed that harming or killing your own totem animal would bring misfortune. A person whose totem is Dube would not harm or kill a zebra. In Indigenous Religion there are taboos that protect the natural environment. These taboos discourage people from damaging the environment and wasting natural resources. There are taboos that discourage people from cutting down certain trees for firewoodCHRISTIANITY Unit objectives By the end of this unit, you should be able to: (a) deduce meanings from parables. (b) explain Christian key teachings. (c) explain the religious practitioners in Christianity. (d) identify the roles of religious practitioners in Christianity. (e) explain how Christians worship. (f) explain how the early church worshipped after Pentecost. (9) suggest Christian ways of conserving the environment. (h) state the effects of Christian activities on the environment, Looking Back In the previous grade, you have learnt about the origins of Christianity. You looked at the different artefacts in Christianity. In this unit you will look at parables, key teachings, Christian religious practitioners, how Christians worship, how the early church worshipped and Christianity and the environment. Key Words «a person who believes Parable — an earthly story but with a spiritual meaning. Jesus Christ life and ministry Background Jesus Christ is considered by Christian believers as the Son of the living God who created heaven and earth, Christians believe that Jesus Christ died on the cross for the sins of the world, They regard Jesus Christ as the mediator between God and humans, Jesus Christ is the founder of Christianity According to the Bible which is the holy book of Christianity , Jesus Christ died and resurrected from the dead after three days and he is now seated at the right hand side of God the creator Jesus Christ was born of the virgin Mary in Bethlehem. His earthly father was Joseph ,a carpenter Jesus Christ grew up in Nazareth.Believers in the early church increased in number after the preaching of the apostles who included Simon Peter, John and others. Alll the believers lived in harmony together and shared everything that they owned .Some sold their pieces of land and property and brought the money to the Apostles in the church so that the money would be fairly given to those in need. The book of Acts in the New Testament chapter 5 gives a story of Ananias and his wife Sapphira who sold their property and kept part of the money. They both died after lying to the Holy Spirit To help them distribute the items that were offered by the believers the leaders of the early church chose seven men to help them. One of the seven men was Stephen. Acts of charity were common in the early church. Charity is helping and assisting people in need. One notable Christian believer who is recorded in Acts chapter 9 verses 36 to 43 is Dorcas whose other name was Tabitha, She lived in a place called Joppa. When she died everyone in Joppa was sad because they had lost someone who was helpful in their community. Simon Peter prayed that she should rise from the dead and she indeed rose from the dead. Activity 5 Discuss how the early church worshipped after Pentecost. Present your findings to the class. Christians talk to God through _______. A. prayer B. singing ¢. crying D. prophets Praying together at the same time in church is called ___ A. an individual prayer B. mass prayer CC. worship D. singing Who led the early church? A. John the Baptist B. The disciples and Apostles C. The Jews D. The high priest What did the disciples receive at Pentecost? State any two functions of the Holy Spirit in the lives of believers in the early church. Christianity and the environment Natural environment refers to all living and non-living things. Natural environment also refers to things like the natural surroundings in air, water, land and natural resources, flora, fauna and humans. There are some Christian practices that promote the conservation of the environment. + The Christian Bible teaches that the human body is the temple of the Holy Spirit and for that reason most Christians do not smoke. Smoke results in the depletion of the ozone layer which protect us from harmful rays from the sun. * Some Christian organisations are involved in cleaning campaigns and tree planning activities in their communities. The story of creation in the Christian Bible in the book of Genesis narrates about how God created everything. God is said to have given Adam the responsibility over all the animals and vegetation, Christians are taughtUnit | JUDAISM Unit objectives By the end of this unit, you should be able to: (a) identify the key teaching in Judaism, (b) identify ceremonies or festivals in Judaism. (c) state the religious practitioners in Judaism. (d) explain roles of the religious practitioners in Judaism. (e) describe how the Jews worship. Looking Back In the previous grade, you looked at various issues in Judaism. These include the origins, the key beliefs and the religious artefacts. In this unit, you will look at various ceremonies, practitioners and how the Jews worship. Key Words Dedicate — to give or to offer. Eternal — that which has no end but is forever. Monotheism ~ the belief in one God. Torah - the first five books of the Hebrew scriptures. Background Judaism is a religion that believes in one God (monotheism). Judaism was founded by Abraham the father of the Jewish nation. Judaism was founded some thousands of years ago in the Middle East. The general belief is that God appointed the Jewish people to be his chosen people in order to set an example of holiness to the rest of the world Key teachings Judaism has many key teachings and most of their beliefs focus on their relationship with God the Creator. 1. Monotheism One key teaching in Judaism is the teaching on monotheism where the Jews believe thatUnit Revision Exercises Multiple Choice Questions 1, 2, 10. Judaism was founded by —__ A. Jesus Christ. BB. Muhammad —_—C, Abraham. D. one of the prophets A place of worship used by followers of Judaism is called a __ _. A. shrine B, mosque €. church D. synagogue Followers of Judaism are known as ___ _. A. Christians B. Moslems C. traditionalists —_D. Jews Who was given the Ten Commandments by Yahweh on Mount Sinai? A. Jesus Christ. B. Muhammad ——_C, Moses D. Jeremiah Which of these Jewish religious practitioners is responsible for teaching fellow Jews? A. An Imam B. Scribes C. Muezzin D. Rabbi Judaism teaches about monotheism which is belief in A. many Gods B.OnlyoneGod —_. Jesus Christ D. no God Decalogue is another name for the ___ . A. Passover B. synagogue C. Jewish calendar D. Ten commandments The Jewish festival which is also known as the festival of lights is the —___ A. Hannukah B. Divali C. Pentecost D. festival of Esther The festival in which Jewish believers gather to remember God's provisions in the wilderness during the Exodus is called ___ A. the feast of the Tabernacles B, the Pentecost C. the festival of Esther D. the Mezuzah Which of these Jewish religious practitioners is responsible for writing Jewish scriptures? A. The Rabbi B. The Priest €.The Prophet —_D. The Scribe Structured Questions OORWNE What do we call the place of worship used in Judaism? Apart from worship, what other activity is done at a synagogue? How many times do Jews worship per day? What is the name given to the Jewish prayer book? Name any two items which are offered as a sacrifice by the Jewish believers. Who is in charge of the sacrificial service in Judaism?Unit | ISLAM Unit objectives By the end of this ui (a) identify key teachings in Islam (b) identify ceremonies or festivals in Islam (c) name religious practitioners in Islam. (d) identify the roles of the religious practitioners in Islam. (e) explain how Muslims worship. (f) list the five pillars of Islam. you should be able to: Looking Back In the previous grade, you looked at various aspects in Islam. These include the origin, relationship with the environment. In this unit, you will learn about key teachings, ceremonies and festivals, religious practitioners and their roles, how Muslims worship and the five pillars of Islam. Key Words Hadith - a book used in Islam. Jihad ~ the fight against enemies of Islam. Ramadan — the ninth month in the Muslim year. Resurrection _- the rising of the dead. Submission _- to totally surrender, obey and respect. Background Islam is a monotheistic faith. This means that they believe in one God who is called Allah in Arabic language. Mono means one. Islam was started by the prophet Muhammad in Mecca, a city in Saudi Arabia. The word Islam in Arabic language means submission to God. Islam teaches that Muhammad is God’s prophet. Believers in the Islamic faith are known as Muslims. The Quran or Koran is the holy book used by the Muslims.2. Lay-la-tul-baraat (Day of Atonement) Muslims celebrate this festival by getting involved in night long prayers to Allah. In some areas of celebration, Muslims commemorate their deceased ancestors during all night prayers. Muslims seek Allah's forgiveness and blessings and repent of their sins. Muslims fast during the day as they commemorate the festival Activity 2 In your groups, select any Islamic ceremonies and discuss when and how these are done. Present your findings to the class. Who is remembered during the Eid-ul-adha festival? State the three animals that are sacrificed during Eid-ul-adha? Haj is _. 7 Write two activities done by Muslims to commemorate Lay-la-tul-barrat ioners and their roles Islam, like all the other religions has religious practitioners whose roles differ but all seek to promote and make the Islamic religion grow. Among the religious practitioners in Islam there is the Imam, Muezzin, Ulama and Mujahid. 1. Imam The word Imam means to stand in front of. An Iman is therefore a teacher who stands in front of others to teach about Islamic traditions. An Imam also leads Islamic prayers and other services. An Imam also provides community support and gives spiritual advise. An Imam is someone who is knowledgeable and wise. The Imam knows and understands the Qur'an. An Imam must be able to recite the Quran correctly and beautifully. An Imam is a respected member in the community. The Imam leads all other special prayers such as for funerals, for rain Muezzin calling for prayer and other things 2. Muezzin A Muezzin is an Islamic religious practitioner who works at a mosque. He is chosen for his good character. He stands at the door or side of a small mosque or at a high part of a large mosque. A muezzin cries out and calls the hour of daily prayers. He cries out at stated hours five times daily. He faces all directions to call believers to come for prayers.Test 2 Paper 1: Multiple Choice Questions (1 hour 30 minutes - 50 marks) There are 50 multiple-choice questions and you are required to answer all 1. The religion practiced in Africa by Africans is called __________. A. Christianity B. Islam C. Judaism D. Indigenous religion 2. Who among these is considered a national guardian spirit? A. Herbert Chitepo B. Simon Muzenda C. Mbuya Nehanda_D. Robert Mugabe 3. Rain asking ceremonies in Indigenous religion are mostly done at ___ A. any place B. Njelele C. the Heroes Acre D. the Chinhoyi caves 4, In an area where there is no sacred place for rain making ceremonies, the —______ homestead may be used. A. Chief's B. Minister's C. headman's D. president's 5. In Indigenous religion people speak to the Supreme Being through — A. spirit mediums —B. ancestral spirits C.Muhammad _D. Jesus Christ 6. Which one of these religious practitioners belongs to Indigenous religion? A. Muezzin B. Pastor C. Spirit medium —_D. Rabbi 7. According to Indigenous religion who speaks to the ancestors? A.Muhammad —_B. Moses C. Spirit mediums D. Ancestors 8. Which one of these acts was passed by colonial governments to seek to destroy Indigenous Religion? A. Witchcraft suppression Act B. Indigenous Empowerment Act C. Legal of majority Act D. Finance Act 9. Who among these is not associated with Indigenous religion? A. Spirit mediums _B. Ancestors C. Traditional healer D. The Ulama 10. According to Indigenous Religion which one of these helps in the protection of the flora and fauna? A, Taboos B. The courts C. The police D. Traditional healers 11. ________ is the founder of Christianity. A.Muhammad —_B. Moses C. Jesus Christ D. Ancestral spirits 12. According to Christian beliefs Jesus Christ died for _. A. everyone's sins B. Christians’ sins C. Israelites’ sins __D. the holy people's sins 13. Jesus Christ was born in Bethlehem but grew up in. ‘A. Mecca B. Jerusalem C. Nazareth D. Samaria 14, The life story of Jesus Christ is contained in the —______. A.Old Testament _ B. gospels C. Psalms D. Torah 15. An earthly story with a heavenly meaning is called a ______. A. sermon B. parable C. folktale D. good story 16. Which one of these parables teaches about forgiveness? A. The Lost Coin B. The prodigal son C. The Ten Virgins D. The Good Samaritan 17. Which one of these parables teach about kindness? A, The good Samaritan B, The prodigal son C. The ten virgins D. The lost coin18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. According to the Christian teachings who will resurrect from the dead when Jesus Christ comes for the second time? A. Believers only _B. Everyone C.Sinners only _D. Noone Who among these Christian religious practitioners is well known as the shepherd of the flock? A. Pastor B. Evangelist C. Priest D. Nun Who among these Christian religious practitioners made a vow that he or she will not get married but devote his or her life to serve God? A. Pastor B. Evangelist C. Apostle D. Nun __ led the believers during the early church. A. Apostles B. Prophets C. The Jews D. Bishops __-_____ was a Christian martyr in the early church. A.Simon Peter _B. Philip C. Stephen D. Mbuya Nehanda was well-known all-over Joppa because of her good works. A. Mirriam B. Mary Magdalene C. Dorcas also called Tabitha D. Sapphira The _.is the head of the body of Christ. A. Pope B. Bishop C. Apostle D. Prophet How many books are there in the Christian Bible. A.66 B.67 c.39 D.27 Which one of these words means to immerse in water? A. Transfiguration B. Ascension C. Baptism D. Crucifixion The name for the Supreme being in Judaism is _______. A. Allah B. Yahweh c. Mwari D. Messiah The belief in one God is called _______. A. polytheism B. atheism C.monotheism —_D. theocracy ________is the founder of Judaism. A. Abraham B. Jesus Christ C. Mohammed D. Jacob Who was given the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai? A. Abraham B.Muhammad ——_C. Jesus Christ D. Moses What is the other name for the ten commandments? A. Decagon B. Decalogue C. Decimal D. Decade What do we call the Jewish festival in which Jews commemorate the re-dedication of the temple in Jerusalem? A. Hannukah B. The Pentecost C. The mezuzah D. The fest of the tabernacles What is the responsibility of the rabbi in the Jewish religion? A. He prophesies B. He teaches C. He recites the Torah D. He writes Hebrew literature Who writes Jewish literature? A. Rabbi B. Scribes C. Prophets D. priests Decalogue is another name for the A. Passover B. synagogue €. Jewish calendar D. Ten commandmentsPaper 2 Structured Questions (1 hour 30 minutes - 50 marks) This paper comprises of Section A and B. Section A This section is compulsory and carries 30 marks 1. The Supreme Being is known in many names in the indigenous language. Copy and complete. Language Name for God (a) Shona (b) Ndebele (c) Tonga 2. Zimbabwe is a multi-faith country. Multi-faith means 3. (a) Whatis a shrine? (b) Name any two sacred places found in Zimbabwe, 4. What ore ancestral spirits? 5. Name any two traditional leaders in the community. 6. Where are the rain asking ceremonies mostly done in the Indigenous religion? 7. Explain one thing that happens during the bringing back ceremony. 8. Name any two religious practitioners found in Indigenous religion. 9. Whats a taboo? 10. State any one lesson that is learnt from the parable of the Prodigal son. 11. What is a parable? 12. Write on lessons that are leamt from the parable of the Good Samaritan. 13. Who is the head of the Roman Catholic Church? 14, Name any two Christian religious practitioners who make vows not to get married. 15. According to Christian teachings what did the disciples receive at Pentecost? 16. What is the name of the Christian martyr who was stoned to death in the Bible? 17. Which book in the Bible narrates the story of creation? 18. Who was given the ten commandments in the Bible? 19. What name is given to the Jewish festival of lights? 20. What is monotheism? Section B: (1) ( ( ( ( (2) (2) [2] ea] ( [2] ea] (4 (2) [2] ( (2) iba] ( ea] (a 3] (2) This is a choice section which carries 20 marks. You are expected to choose 4 out of 6 questions. Each question carries 5 marks. 1. (a) What do we call the place of worship in Indigenous religion? (b) Name any two religious practitioners in Indigenous religion. ( (2) (c) Who mediates between the Supreme Being and the people in Indigenous religion? [1]CONCEPT OF MORALS AND VALUES Unit objectives By the end of this unit, you should be able to: (a) justify the need to have good morals and values. (b) discuss the effects of bad morals and values. Looking Back In the previous grade, you learnt about the good and bad morals. You were able to identify different good and bad morals. In this unit, you will learn about the need to have good morals and values. You will also discuss the effects of bad morals and values. Key Words Morals —rules which guide us on which actions are right and which ones are wrong. Values are important rules of behaviour shared by members of a community to explain what is good or bad. Why is Morals are rules which guide us on which actions are right and which ones are wrong. Values are important rules of behaviour shared by members of a community to explain what is good or bad. Morals can be principles of right and wrong while values are principles of behaviour. Morality is knowing how to choose between right and wrong or good and bad. important to have good morals and values? In Indigenous Religion, the idea of story telling was done as a way of training a child to know good and bad moral values. Morals and values are principles that guide people throughout life. There are many benefits of having good morals and values such as helping us to make choices and decisions based on what is right or wrong. Morals and values are important in life. Morals and values reflect an individual's character and spirituality. There are a number of reasons why people should have good morals and values in their communities.Activity 1 Dramatise the importance of having good morals. The drama must include a person who will be made a leader because of his or her good moral values. 1. Morals are _. 2. Values are _. Effects of bad morals and values Bad morals and values do not consider the next person, they harm other people who will be around. Having bad morals and values is a serious ethical challenge in different communities. Bad morals and values are bad behaviour and attitudes that some members of society engage in. Bad morals and values have a negative impact on society hence should not be practiced. Bad morals and values make one to choose wrong choices and end up experiencing regret, guilt, shame, embarrassment, crime and disappointment. Bad morals promote violence, hatred, anger and disturbs peace in communities. Negative effects of bad morals and values develop within communities and cause social problems in families. Bad morals and values have various negative effects. Effects of bad morals Dishonest) Unfairness, lawlessness, chaos Violence Misery, fear, suffering Hate Violence, social instabili [Buying injuryefeor [Rude Hotes The story of Thomas Thomas was sent by his mother to the supermarket to buy bread and milk. Thomas did not go straight to the supermarket, he started playing with his friends Angela and Jeff. Thomas got carried away and he forgot that he had been sent to the shops.As they were playing, Jeff saw that Thomas had money in his pocket. Jeff said to Thomas, friend give me the money so that I can keep it safe for you. Thomas gave the money to Jeff. They started playing hide and seek. Jeff said he wanted to hide first, he then ran away and went to the supermarket to buy sweets. As Thomas was looking for Jeff, he then met his mother who was now worried looking for him. His mother asked him where he had put bread, Thomas lied that he had sent Jeff to buy it on his behalf. They both went to Jeff's house but he was not at home until the sun set into its mother. Imagine you are Thomas’ mother. Make a speech of what you will tell him if you had seen him with no bread. Present it to the class. Thomas was sent by his mother to the supermarket to buy —____ How many friends did Thomas have? Which game did Jeff suggest that they should play? What did Jeff buy when he went to the supermarket? State one bad moral behaviour done by Jeff. Key points in this unit Morals are rules which guide us on which actions are right and which ones are wrong. Morals and values reflect an individual's character and spirituality. Respect is an important moral value which helps children to be of good behaviour around strangers and elders. Good relationships are strongly built based on various morals and values. Good morals and values are considered as key to power, to leadership and social status. Bad morals and values do not consider the next person, they harm the other people who will be around. Unit Revision Exercises Multiple Choice Questions 1. Morals and values reflect on an individual's character and __. A.age B, marriage status C. behaviour D. parents 2. There are good and _________ morals. A. bad B, benevolent C. hot D. favourable 3. Which among the following is the odd one out? A. Respect B.Helpfulness C. Compassion _D. SelfishnessChildren’s responsil Right to privacy. The law should protect children from attacks against their way of life, their good name, families and homes. Right to play and rest. Right to good quality education Right to a name and identity. Right to be protected from kidnapping, illtreatment, sexually abuse and being hurt Right not to be punished in a cruel or harmful way. Right to the best health care possible, safe water to drink, nutritious food, a clean and safe environment Learners cleaning the school yard In as much as the rights of children are important, they all come with equal responsibilities. The responsibilities of children include the following: to work for the unity of the family, community and nation. to respect and assist parents, superiors and elders at all times. to attend school and to participate in school activities. to look after his or her own body so as to stay healthy. to protect the rights of others and help the disadvantaged. to obey laws and morals in your community, school or family. to attend and participate in religious activities. to keep his or her environment clean. Research on various government policies which promote children’s rights in Zimbabwe. Present your findings to the class. 1. 2. State any 3 children’s rights. List any 3 children’s responsibilities.Key points in this unit There are many benefits which are associated with belonging to a religion, Religion allows members to fellowship more often Rights and responsibilities work hand in hand Fairness is an important aspect in the communities. Everyone who is under the age of 18 is considered as a child. Unit Revision Exercises Multiple Choice Questions 1. Religion is a source of __________ morals. A. Good B. bad C. corrupt D. destructive 2. In Judaism, moral values are found in the__ _. A. TaNakh B. Quran C. Bible taboos 3. Indigenous Religion find morals in the following except _____. A. Taboos B. proverbs C. scriptures D. myths 4. Rights of people move hand in hand with _. A. Taboos B. responsibilities C. songs D. myths 5. ___ is equal treatment to people. A. Cruelty B. Fairness C. Innocence D. Harassment 6. Children are given breaktime to rest at school because they have right to A.use aleohol B. be protected from abuse C. rest D. fight 7. Childhood ends at the age of _____ A. 18 B. 20 c.13 D. 20 8. Children's responsibilities include the following except to___. A. show respect to others B, behave according to the rules and regulations of the school C. attend lessons unless there are other reasonable reasons for absence D. come to school any time 9. The Convention on the rights of the disabled people was adopted in A. 2006 B. 1979 c, 2016 D, 1980 10. When was the convention on women rights adopted? A. 2006 B, 1979 ¢, 2016 D, 1980 Structured Questions State any 3 reasons why it is important to belong to a religion. What are rights? State any 3 responsibilities of people in the community. List any 3 rights of children at school State the importance of convention of people living with disability. ORwWNECONFLICT AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT Unit objectives By the end of this unit, you should be able to: (a) identify sources of intra-personal conflict. (b) state the effects of intra-personal conflict. (c) identify ways of managing intra-personal conflict. Looking Back In the previous grade, you learnt about different forms of conflict. You also learnt about different causes of conflict at school and in the community. In this unit, you will look at sources of intra-personal conflict. You will also look at effects of intra-personal conflict and ways of managing intra-personal conflict Key Words Conflict erious disagreemer Intra-personal xisting within the mind. Intra-personal conflict Intra-personal conflict is the conflict which occurs between a man and self. This is a struggle which takes place inside a person. It is a type of conflict that is psychological involving the individual's thoughts, values, principles and emotions. Various reasons lead to intra-personal conflict within a man. The reasons include the following: (a) Decision making Young man thinking Deciding what one is supposed to do is a serious issue which causes intra-personal conflict. So, in many situations which require one to make a decision, intra-personal conflict is likely to happen. For instance, decisions about which car to buy or which woman to marry.Exercise 1 Sexual abuse includes sexual touching. (True or False) In Islam, men and women are not considered as equal. (True or False) The Qur'an forbids men from forcing a woman to act against her will, (True or False) Self-control means that people should control themselves in all circumstances. (True or False) RON Religious teachings about substance abuse Religion encourages people to participate in some religious activities which play a part in reducing chances of different forms of substance abuse. Taking part in various religious practices such as service attendance and taking part in prayers reduces alcohol and drug abuse among people. The consumption of alcohol or other substances which make people lose control is discouraged in various religions. Forinstance, in Christianity, people are encouraged to be filled with the Holy Spirit (Ephesians 5:18). Christians are therefore encouraged not to use substances which affect the mind such as alcohol and drugs. Drugs affect the mind in different ways which are negative and dangerous to one’s health. Pastor preaching to drug addicts In Christianity, they believe that the body is the temple of the Holy Spirit. This means that God lives inside people. Therefore, people should honour God and not consume substances which can damage the body such as beer drinking and smoking Muslims believe that, they were created to serve Allah. Their bodies, mind and souls belong ‘to Allah and they have to take care of them and should not become a source of idolatry or be addicted. This means that they have to avoid substances that change how their bodies and minds work. Christians teach that people should avoid actions which may cause them to fall in the faith. This means that, taking of substances which may lead them to some sinful behaviours or actions must not be tolerated. In Islam, the Quran encourages believers to leave strong drink because the sin of drunkenness outweighs any potential benefits. Allah discouraged Muslims from drinking wine, drawing to attention the fact that there was greater evil than good in intoxicants. This encourages the believers to completely avoid anything to do with the use of alcoholic substances. In Judaism, consumption of substances such as wine is not completely prohibited. However, Jews believe that taking too much of wine is dangerous. One may escape from the responsibilities of what it means to be a member of the Jewish faith. Jews have a form of divine protection against substance abuse.Women can also participate in church leadership and even lead in activities such as singing In Indigenous Religion, both men and women are also active as religious leaders like spirit mediums and traditional healers. Gender equality makes sure that all the people are treated without discrimination. It is important because it does not abuse any particular sex (male or female) but it gives them an opportunity to express what they can do in different areas of life. In the old days, women could not do technical jobs. However, due to gender equality both men and women can do the technical jobs like electrical engineering and motor mechanics. The Zimbabwean constitution has a foundation for the promotion of gender equality. This is a way which saves women from the condition which was there in the past when women were looked down upon and men were considered to have a high status. Activity 1 Research about the ways the government of Zimbabwe has used to promote gender equalit Gender equality promotes — A.equalrights B. child abuse. good marriages _D. destruction Gender equality refers to __ Gender equality makes sure that all the people are treated without discrimination. (True or False) Ways of balancing opportunities between men and women The situation whereby men and women do not have equal opportunities due to one’s gender, is called gender inequality. Due to gender inequality, men and women in some communities do not have balanced opportunities in different sectors of life. Under these circumstances, there are certain roles which are given to men and not women and others which are given to women and not men due to the way they are viewed by culture and the society. In most cases, women will not have equal opportunities as men. There are certain ways which are used to balance opportunities between men and women. The ways which can be used include: (a) Teaching people about gender equality The starting point which is very important in balancing opportunities is teaching people about gender equality. Considering the fact that there was no equality in the past, the best way to let people understand gender equality is to teach people. This will make people aware and let them promote gender equality in different communities. Gender equality campaign