Concrete without portland cement

Traditional concrete is made using Portland cement, which is a major source of carbon emissions.
However, there are several alternative materials that can be used to make concrete without
Portland cement. Here are some examples:

Geopolymer concrete: Geopolymer concrete is made using fly ash, slag, or other industrial by-
products, mixed with an alkaline solution. The mixture then undergoes a chemical reaction that
forms a solid binder, which can replace Portland cement.

Calcium sulfoaluminate cement: Calcium sulfoaluminate cement is an alternative to Portland cement

that has a lower carbon footprint. It is made from a mixture of limestone, clay, and gypsum, and
requires less energy to produce.

Magnesium oxide cement: Magnesium oxide cement, also known as magnesia cement, is made from
magnesium oxide and magnesium chloride. It has a lower carbon footprint than Portland cement
and can be used in a variety of concrete applications.

Hempcrete: Hempcrete is a type of concrete made from a mixture of hemp fibers, lime, and water. It
is lightweight, durable, and has a low carbon footprint.

Ferrock: Ferrock is a type of concrete made from recycled materials, such as steel dust, and a
mixture of industrial by-products, such as fly ash. It is a carbon-negative material, meaning that it
absorbs more carbon dioxide than it emits during its production.

These alternative materials can replace some or all of the Portland cement in traditional concrete,
reducing its carbon footprint and promoting sustainability. However, it is important to note that
these materials may have different properties than traditional concrete and may require different
production methods and design considerations.