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GENERAL STUDIES PROJECT

SANDIPANI SCHOOL

HAZARI PAHAD

2022-23

NAME: Sambhav Verma

CLASS: XII Commerce

ROLL NO:1213/C
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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. Sambhav Verma
has satisfactorily completed the project in
General Studies of std XII in this school in
session 2022-23

DATE: 5th November, 2022

GS TEACHER:

PRINCIPAL:

DECLARATION
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The undersigned hereby declare that the

record file of GS submitted by me is based
on actual work carried out by me under the
guidance of Mrs. Shweta Mudliar.
Any reference to the work done by any
other person or institute or any material
obtained from other sources have been
duly sighted and referenced. It is further to
state that this work is not submitted
anywhere else in any examination.

Thanking You

Yours Faithfully: Sambhav Verma

Place: Nagpur Date: 5thNovember, 2022

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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The present project is the outcome of my

own efforts. I have been fortunate in having
the active cooperation of many people,
whom I would like to thank. I am thankful to
my respected subject teacher Mrs. Shweta
Mudliar for her guidance in my project. She
has always put her valuable time to guide
me throughout the project work, giving
suggestions, support and encouragement
for the successful completion of the project
work. Also, I am thankful to my parents for
their support and encouragement in the
completion of this project. I wish to thank
Mrs. Bharti Bijwe principal of our school for
providing suitable environment for
completion of the project.

Objectives
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 To know about Contemporary

problems of India

 To analyse the problems of India

 To study the cause of the problem in

India

 To discuss about the problems

 To understand the reason for the

problem.


TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Sr.no title Page.no

1 Objectives 6

2 Poverty 7-8
3 Illiteracy 9-10
4 Unemployment 11-13
5 Social Inequalities 14-15
6 Population 16-17
7 Health 18-19
8 Conclusion 20
9 Bibliography 21

Poverty
• Poverty is the state of having few material
possessions or little income. 
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• Poverty can have diverse social, economic,

and political causes and effects.
• When evaluating poverty in statistics or
economics there are two main measures: 
ABSOULTE POVERTY compares income against
the amount needed to meet basic personal
needs, such as food, clothing,
RELATIVE POVERTY measures when a person
cannot meet a minimum level of living
standards, compared to others in the same
time and place.

POVERTY IN INDIA

 India is
a D evelopi
ng nation.
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Although its economy is growing, poverty is

still a major challenge. However, poverty is
on the decline in India. 
 According to an International Monetary
Fund paper, extreme poverty, defined by
the World Bank as living on US$1.9 or less in
purchasing power parity (PPP) terms, in
India was as low as 0.8% in 2019 and the
country managed to keep it at that level in
2020 despite the unprecedented COVID-19
outbreak. 
 The incidence of poverty in the terminal
year of the Ninth Plan is estimated as 18.61
per cent in rural areas, 16.46 per cent in
urban areas and 17.98 per cent for the
country as a whole. 
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ILLITERACY

 Illiteracy is a society-wide problem that

belongs not just to one strand or tier but to
everyone. 
 It is a deep-rooted problem which, despite
huge investments from government,
remains a long way from being solved.
 Illiteracy means lack of
the ability to read and write.
 In the rural areas, illiteracy is widespread.
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Causes of Illiteracy in India

 Illiteracy among parents: Many illiterate
parents do not put much emphasis on the
importance of education. Several of those
born to parents who can neither read nor
write end up being illiterate.
 Lack of affordable education facilities:
Those who live in very remote areas with
few or no education facilities may remain
illiterate. The nearest school might be
found several miles away.
 Lack of awareness: In places where several
members of the local population do not
understand why it is important for them to
go to school. Disinterest in the benefits of
formal learning can also be caused by a lack
of awareness of the importance of school.
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Unemployment

 Unemployment is a term referring

to individuals who are employable and
actively seeking a job but are unable to find
a job.

 Unemployed Person is the one who is not to

get employment of even one hour in half a
day

 There are three sources of data on

unemployment:
1. Reports of Census of India
2. National Sample Survey Organization
3. Directorate General of Employment And
Training
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UNEMPLOYMENT IN
INDIA

Unemployment in India is temporary

In India, people cannot remain completely
unemployed for very long because of
their desperate economic condition
As a result, they are forced to accept
unpleasant, dangerous jobs in unclean or
unhealthy surroundings.
 Unemployment in India, statistics has
traditionally had been collected, compiled
and disseminated once every ten years by
the Ministry of Labour and Employment
primarily from sample studies conducted by
the National Sample Survey Office.
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Unemployment Graph of India

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Social Inequalities
 Social inequality occurs when resources in a
given society are distributed unevenly,
typically through norms of allocation, that
engender specific patterns along lines of
socially defined categories of persons.
 It is the differentiation preference of access
to social goods in society brought about by
power, religion, prestige, race, gender, age,
sexual orientation, and class. 
 In India, one of the most distinctive forms of
social inequity come within the spheres of
gender and caste, where, people coming
from the marginalized sections of these
social categories, are directly impacted in
terms of their opportunities, access to
essential utilities, and their potential as a
whole. 
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Population

 India, officially the Republic of India is a

country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest
country by area.
 India is the second most populated country in
the world with a sixth of the world's
population. According to official estimates,
India's population stood at 1.38 billion.
 It is expected to become the first country to
be home to more than 1.5 billion people by
2030, and its population is set to reach
1.7 billion by 2050.
 However, its pace of population growth is
slowing. In 2017 its population growth rate
was 0.98%, ranking 112th in the world; in
contrast, from 1972 to 1983, India's
population grew by an annual rate of 2.3%.
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POPULATION GROWTH FROM 1980

TO 2022
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HEALTH in India

 India's population in 2021 as per World

Bank is 1.39 billion. Being the world's second-
most-populous country and one of its fastest-
growing economies, India experiences both
challenges and opportunities in context of
public health. 
 India is a hub for pharmaceutical
and biotechnology industries; world-class
scientists, clinical trials and hospitals yet
country faces daunting public health
challenges like child under nutrition, high
rates of neonatal and maternal mortality,
growth in non-communicable diseases, high
rates of road traffic accidents and other
health related issues.
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MAJOR HEALTH
INDIACTORS
 The life expectancy at birth has increased
from 49.7 years in 1970–1975 to 67.9 years in
2010–2014. For the same period, the life
expectancy for females is 69.6 year and 66.4
years for males. In 2018, the life expectancy
at birth is said to be 69.1 years.
 The infant mortality rate has declined from 74
per 1,000 live births in 1994 to 37 per 1,000
live births in 2015. However, the differentials
of rural (41) and urban (25) as of 2015 are still
high. In 2016, the infant mortality rate was
estimated to be 34.6 per 1,000 live births.
 The total fertility rate for the country was 2.3
in rural areas whereas it has been 1.8 in
urban areas during 2015.
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Conclusion
India is the biggest democracy in the world, which
has taken giant strides in the last few decades. We
are now the world’s third-largest economy (in
purchasing power parity terms). However, being an
Indian you can’t resist “let it be” common attitude.
Moreover, for everything we have ‘juggad’. But in
between this, we cannot forget everyday issues,
which continue to pose hurdles in the progress of
the nation. These social, political and economic
issues are meant to be taken into consideration, in
order to improve the prevailing condition of our
society. Issues like corruption, crime, condition of
the road network and so on, need to be looked into
immediately. With the proliferation of information
and technology, more awareness is spreading
among the masses. New organizations are sprouting
to find a fruitful solution to these problems. The
activists involved are really working hard to
eradicate these problems from their very rough
situation.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
 https://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/
society/current-major-issues-in-india
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Unemployment_in_India
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Demography_of_India
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Health_in_India
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty
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