2020 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
ADVANCES AND DEVELOPMENTS IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (ICADEE 2020)
Comparison of Transmission Losses and Voltage
Regulation of Overhead and Gas Insulated
Transmission Line
2020 IEEE International Conference on Advances and Developments in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ICADEE) | 978-1-7281-9251-2/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICADEE51157.2020.9368950
Ansari Habiburrahman, Research Scholar
Department of Electrical Engineering
Medi-Caps University
Indore, India
habiburrahman.ansari@gmail.com
Abstract— In an Electrical power system, the generating
plants are located far away from the loads and gets transmitted
through transmission lines. The transmission line can be an
overhead line or underground cable. For the last forty-five
years, a new technology GITL has been presented as a
substitute for underground cables. Since GITL is capable of
handling a large capacity of electrical power over to the
overhead transmission lines. The area of the GITL conductor
is very large and due to that, the low resistances cause very low
losses in the transmission lines. The parameters can maintain
by pressurized insulated gases, GITL is best suitable for Extra
High voltage transmission. In metro cities where space and
Right of Way making overhead lines problematic, GITL may
be our future lines and it will solve big population issues. In
this paper, the percentage voltage regulation and losses of the
same voltage rating overhead lines are compared with
compressed GITL lines. MATLAB is used for the simulation
and the parameters of overhead and GITL lines of the same
rating voltages (220kV, 400 kV, 765kV, 1100kV). The
transmission line length is taken as 200 km in all examples. The
losses and voltage regulation comparisons have been
represented.
Keywords— Gas-insulated Transmission Line, Overhead
Lines, Voltage regulation, Ultra High Voltage
I. INTRODUCTION
A gas-insulated Transmission Line is the best alternative
for high voltage and high power transmission systems. GITL
having lots of benefits like a large diameter of the conductor,
due to a heavy amount of current may pass easily as
compared to high voltage overhead transmission line. The
basic property of resistance, which is inversely proportional
to the area of the conductor. So that the resistance of GITL
lines is very small as compared to convention overhead lines
or underground cables. As the transmission line having low
resistances, it will minimize the transmission losses[1].
The research is going on to find the best size solution for
ACSR bare conductor for better regulation and performance.
Similarly, aluminum conductor and enclosure of GITL suited
for different voltage levels are going on. The optimal
diameter of the enclosure and conductor for 400 kV GITL is
about 495.4mm and 178 mm [2]. As for overhead lines
number of phases having double lines also with the change in
the diameter of the conductor is about 17.37mm and for four
layers the falcon with three layers has 15.91mm[2]. The size
of the ACSR conductor increases as of voltage rating
increases, In a similar way size of GITL conductors also
increases concerning the line capacity. Very high voltage
overhead transmission is adopted to lower the losses in the
978-1-7281-9251-2/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE
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Dr. L. D. Arya, Professor
Department of Electrical Engineering
Medi-Caps University
Indore, India
ldarya@rediffmail.com
transmission line. So generally, transmission through the
overhead line with bulk power only prefers. Which is very
dangerous to build and some barriers like public risk, Right
of way, etc[2,12].
In South America and North America, similarly
Russia and South Africa handling with extra high voltage
levels like 735kV, 765kV, and 1000kV. China also actively
participated in UHV transmission lines which may be 1100
kV and India working on 1200 kV transmission lines. Plans
are also underway in North America and Europe to connect
distant regenerative energy sources to the load centers by
UHV lines [3,13,14].
II. TRANSMISSION LOSSES
The transmission losses are an important evaluation factor
for high-power transmission systems. The transmission of
Losses is for the lifetime, and it contributes to huge amounts
of energy and money. The next is heat losses, which are
related to resistive losses in the power system. The inductive
behavior of the load and transmission line produces reactive
power. For power factor compensation, additional
components are required. In the transmission line loses
produces in the form of heat causes large power loss.
Generally sending end voltage profile is greater than the load
end voltage profile. This low output voltage shows the poor
percentage voltage regulation[1].
A. Overhead transmission losses
MATLAB is used for the simulation of the overhead
transmission system. The power generated in the three-phase
circuit is measured by a measurement block on both the input
end and the output end. The line parameters are taken as
Standard for the overhead high voltage transmission line for
200 km[8,9].
The source voltage, like resistors, inductors, capacitance,
Scope, bus-bar, and resistive load is used for the simulation.
The no capacitors are connected on the transmission line
because it is taken as a medium 200 km distributed line. The
measuring blocks are connected for measuring power at both
the input end and output end. The line parameters for 200 km
transmission line are taken 220 kV, 400 kV, 765 kV, 1100
kV of voltage levels. The result obtained from the simulation
is the following[4,5,9].
 2020 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
ADVANCES AND DEVELOPMENTS IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (ICADEE 2020)

Table 1. Technical data for GITL parameters. III. RESULT COMPARISON

Parameters GITL (solid grounded)
Inductance per length L’b (mH/km) 0.22
Capacitance per length C’b (nF/km) 54
Resistance per length R’ (m_/km) 9.4
Surge impedance Z (Ÿ), where Z2 = L’b/C’b 63
B. GITL losses
In the compressed Gas Insulated Transmission Line
GITL, the basic and very important equipment’s used in the
construction like a current-carrying aluminum conductor,
aluminum pipe as an enclosure, insulating gases like Sulphur
hexafluoride SF6 and Nitrogen N2 (in between the enclosure
pipe and aluminum conductor), and insulators required in
between the aluminum conductor and enclosure pipe that is
epoxy resin insulators for maintaining the physical isolation
in between the high voltage conductor and the enclosure pipe
as figure 1 GITL unit shown below[10]. Normally the length
of live conductors is very less as in few meters. Hence, the
shapes of aluminum enclosures are complicated. Welding is
used as a robotic and spot for joining the purpose of
aluminum conductor and enclosure. The gap between
conductor and enclosure filled with compressed gas as the
capacitances [2,11].
As the voltage level of the GITL system is very high.
Therefore the transmitting power capacity of GITL is also
very high in terms of MW. The losses that occurred in
overhead lines are more as compared with GIT lines.
Because of controlled capacitances of the line to ground. The
operation of the Gas Insulated Transmission Line is the same
as of overhead transmission line. MATLAB Simulation is
used for overhead and GITL lines. The line parameters of
GITL are given in Table II[6,7,15].
Figure 1. GITL unit
After the simulation of GITL in MATLAB with a 200
km pi line model, with different power input end and output
end power for every line are following.
Table 3. Voltage regulation of GITL and OHTL with different loads.
GITL OHTL Voltage
Sr.
Load in MW voltage voltage regulation
No.
(Pu) (Pu) of OHTL
1 400 1.0PU 0.90 10%
2 500 1.0PU 0.89 11%
3 600 1.0PU 0.85 15%
4 700 1.0PU 0.81 19%
5 800 0.99PU 0.79 21%
IV. CONCLUSION
For the transmission purpose, the use of underground
cables is quite low as compared to overhead transmission
lines. As in competition, GITL comes into the market with
significant advantages. Day by day the power need and
growing population rate, the difficulties come into the picture
as the right of ways (ROWs) to construct high voltage
overhead transmission line with a bulk quantity of metal
poles and steel towers. Also, there are more losses occurs in
overhead lines as line parameters are not constant and
capacitance of line capacitors is not controllable. So, the
alternative to the overhead transmission line and
underground cables is necessary. Compressed gas is
controlled by the external monitoring system. The output
voltages mean the receiving end voltages of GITL are
sufficiently better than the receiving end voltage of the
overhead transmission line with the same capacity. As the
results mentioned in Table III, the percentage voltage
regulation of the Gas-insulated transmission line is better as
compared to the same rating of the overhead transmission
system. Based on voltage regulation and transmission loss,
shortly GITL is the best solution for transmission of
electrical power. The normal high voltage transmission line
requires an external compensation device or equipment for
reactive power compensation. However, in the case of GITL,
no need for external compensation is required for voltage
profile improvement. Table III gives a clear idea regarding
different load conditions. MATLAB Simulink used for
model simulation and the parameter values taken from Table
II, It has been clear that the voltage regulation of GITL
would be better than the other existing system. So that the
use of GITL can advantageous in the future for
interconnections of grids. And help for upcoming new
transmission lines offshore and onshore.

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ADVANCES AND DEVELOPMENTS IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (ICADEE 2020)
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