Road Safety Audit Report for CW-04 Package in Bangladesh

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh
Local Government Engineering Department
Western Economic Corridor & Regional Enhancement (WeCARE)

Program Phase-I
Rural Connectivity, Market and Logistic Infrastructure Improvement

Project (RCMLIIP)
Road Safety Audit Report for Contract Package CW-04
Sharsha, Jashore
1
Executive Summary
Road safety auditing follows the principle “Prevention is better than cure”. Road safety
audit is PROACTIVE and Blackspot investigations are REACTIVE.
Road safety audit is a systematic and formal process of checking the safety aspects of road
schemes before they are built. The objective is to identify potential safety problems, so that,
where possible, the design can be changed to eliminate or reduce them. The audit is carried
out by trained and experienced road safety engineers.
The main aim of safety audit is to ensure that all roads schemes operate as safely as
practicable. This means that safety should be considered for pedestrians, cyclists,
motorcyclists, truck and bus drivers, car drivers, and others. Road safety audits can be used in
any phase of project development from planning and preliminary engineering, design and
construction. All potential road users are considered in this report. Road safety is something
important that has to be followed at all times to ensure the safety of the operators of a vehicle,
passengers, and pedestrians.
Specifically, RSAs are a tool where the safety performance, design and operation of
roadways and intersections are examined by an independent multi-disciplinary team, and
short-term, usually low-cost mitigating improvements or strategies (and in this case, mid and
long-range as well) are identified and suggested for implementation. Motor vehicle crashes
are complex occurrences that often have multiple contributors to the event (e.g., driver
characteristics or behavior, road conditions, vehicle conditions/equipment) and fixing and/or
improving single elements (e.g., signing) may not be completely successful in correcting or
reducing future crashes.
The main contributory factors for road traffic accidents are (1) Roads, (2) Vehicles and (3)
Road Users. Their contributions for road traffic accidents are 32%, 12% and 92%
respectively. These contributions are valid for overseas countries not for rural roads in
Bangladesh. But for rural roads, their contribution is much higher. The deficiencies of road
safety features are identified by RSA and probable countermeasures would be provided to
improve the road safety.
In this report we identify the road risky issues of our package area and take necessary
measures to minimize the traffic risk and enhance the road safety to the pedestrian. We also
recommend some design issues indeed. The checklist we used during the audit is attached in
the annexes.
2
Table of Contents
Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 2
1. List of Figure ...................................................................................................................... 5
2. List of Table........................................................................................................................ 5
3. Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................................... 6
4. Chapter 2: Location of the Package .................................................................................... 7
5. Chapter 3: Audit Process and Methodology ....................................................................... 8
3.1 The Road Safety Audit ....................................................................................................... 8
3.2 Methodology of Safety Audit on Existing Road ................................................................ 8
6. Chapter 4: Line of Action ................................................................................................. 10
1. Selecting Road Safety Audit Team .................................................................................... 10
2. Collecting the Background Information ............................................................................. 10
3. Commencement Meeting ................................................................................................... 10
4. Inspecting the Site .............................................................................................................. 10
5. Review of Existing Road .................................................................................................... 11
6. Black Spot identification .................................................................................................... 11
6. Road Inventory ................................................................................................................... 12
7. Preparation of Safety Audit Report .................................................................................... 12
8. Completion Meeting ........................................................................................................... 12
7. Chapter 5: Traffic Survey Results .................................................................................... 13
Chapter 6: Audit Findings and Recommendations .................................................................. 17
6.1 Lane width and traffic characteristics: ............................................................................. 17
6.2 Problems due to curve widening and superelevation: ...................................................... 17
6.3 Problems due to roadside hazards and insufficient sight distance: .................................. 18
6.4 Safety problems due to improper intersections: ............................................................... 18
6.5 Problems due to traffic signs, safety fence, barriers, road marking and guide post: ........ 18
6.6 Problems Due to Animal/ wild animals ........................................................................... 19
6.7 Problems due to want of bus-stop, and parking areas: ..................................................... 19
6.8 Problems due to unsafe level Crossing............................................................................. 19
3
6.9 Problems at junction between highways and rural roads ................................................. 19
6.10 Problems at Hat/Bazar .................................................................................................... 20
6.11 General Problems of the Roads ...................................................................................... 20
9. Annexes ............................................................................................................................ 26
4
1. List of Figure
Figure 1: Location of roads on map ........................................................................................... 7
Figure 2: Narrow lane width with road side hazards ............................................................... 17
Figure 3: Poor curve widening and superelevation.................................................................. 17
Figure 4: Insufficient sight distance due to roadside hazard.................................................... 18
Figure 5: Intersection without any guidepost and road hump.................................................. 18
Figure 6: a road without road marking on hump, traffic sign and guide post.......................... 18
Figure 7: Free movement of domestic animals ........................................................................ 19
Figure 8: Loading-unloading problem due to improper parking facility. ................................ 19
Figure 10: LGED and RHD road connecting junction ............................................................ 19
Figure 11: Roadside market ..................................................................................................... 20
2. List of Table
Table 1: Detailed road list of package CW04 ............................................................................ 7
Table 2: Volume of traffic on hat day Road ID: (241902005) .................................................. 13
Table 3: Volume of traffic on hat day Road ID: (241902001) ................................................ 15
Table 4: Proposed road safety features for the package roads and GCM ............................... 23
Table 5: List of junction and intersection (Road ID: 241902001) .......................................... 24
Table 6: List of junction and intersection (Road ID: 241902005) .......................................... 24
Table 7: Road Safety Inspection Checklist for Road Id 241902005 ....................................... 26
Table 8: Road Safety Inspection Checklist for Road Id 241902001 ....................................... 34
5
3. Chapter 1: Introduction
Road safety audit is a systematic method of checking the safety aspects in order to detect
potential safety hazards before the road is open to traffic for the new roads and minimize the
risk in the existing roads.
Road user error is the major cause of road accidents, but defects in the road environment
(poor alignment, inadequate signing, dangerous obstacles, etc.) are a contributory factor in
many cases. Remedying these defects at the design stage is an economical and effective way
of reducing road accidents. Road safety audits assess how the road will work once it is open
to traffic, focuses on the safety of users - including pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists, truck
and bus drivers, car drivers, and others. A Road Safety Audit Report identifies any road
safety deficiencies and recommends ways in which these can be overcome.
Local Government Engineering Department (LGED) is one of the prime road agency in
Bangladesh. LGED owns around 3 lakhs km of rural roads. In road network development,
ensuring road safety is a major challenge to make reliable, safe and sustainable infrastructure.
Road safety has been highlighted in 2 of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),
among which, Goal 3 contains target 3.6- “By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and
injuries from road traffic crashes” and Goal 11 contains target 11.2-'By 2030, provide access
to safe, affordable and sustainable transport for all, improving road safety, notably by
expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable
situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons.
Therefore, this report mainly focuses on urban road black spot identification. Identifying a
black spot mainly depends on the definitions used. In circumstances of the urban road, a
black spot may be an intersection road, a section of road, or any other location that meets the
definition.
6
4. Chapter 2: Location of the Package
Package CW -04 includes 17.823 km roads altogether. It is under the Sharsha Upazila,
Jashore District. List and detail of the roads are shown below-
Table 1: Detailed road list of package CW04
1. Sharsha GC - Gorpara GC Road (241902001) 8.573 km

17.823 km 1. Gorpara
2. Gorpara G.C.-Bangdah G.C road. (241902005) 9.250 km
Figure 1: Location of roads on map
7
5. Chapter 3: Audit Process and Methodology
3.1 The Road Safety Audit
Objective:
The main objective of RSA is:
• To identify any existing safety deficiencies of design, layout and road furniture, which
are not consistent with the road’s function and use.
• To minimize the risk of crashes occurring on a new road project, and to minimize the
severity of the crashes that do occur;
• To minimize the risk of crashes occurring on adjacent roads (that is, to avoid the
possibility that the project creates crashes elsewhere on the network;
• To recognize the importance of safety in road design (so that the needs and
perceptions of all road users are met, and to achieve a balance between needs where
they may be in conflict);
• To reduce the long term costs of a new road project, bearing in mind that unsafe
designs may be expensive (or even impossible) to correct at a later stage;
• To improve the awareness of road safe engineering principles by all involved in the
process of planning, design, construction and maintenance of roads.
Stages of Road Safety Audit:

Audit may be carried out for all or any number of the following stages of road planning,
design, construction and maintenance:
1. Feasibility study
2. Preliminary design
3. Detailed design
4. Road under construction
5. Pre-opening stage of completed construction

6. Existing road
7. Traffic management scheme during road construction As per TOR, the audit of
existing road has been conducted in this project.
3.2 Methodology of Safety Audit on Existing Road

Safety audit methodology is successful on existing roads. The project covered five road
sections of Sharsha Upazila, Jashore District. After completion of construction, the existing
roads represent the present condition of the road as well as any hazardous conditions that may
have been created during its lifetime such as encroachments, ribbon development or
deterioration of road conditions as well as traffic conditions etc.
8
To conduct successful audit on existing roads, an audit team should check planning, cross-
sections, alignment, roadside furniture and facilities available, junctions, facilities for road
users, signs, markings and lighting and roadside hazard.
Steps involved in road safety audit process are:
 Selecting Road Safety Audit Team

 Collecting the Background Information
 Commencement Meeting
 Inspecting the Site
 Review of Existing Road
 Road Inventory
 Preparation of Safety Audit Report
 Completion Meeting
9
6. Chapter 4: Line of Action
1. Selecting Road Safety Audit Team
Each audit team consists of road safety engineers, upazilla engineer, surveyors and a work
assistant. One of the senior team members will be nominated as road safety audit team leader.
In this RSA following personnel were engaged for the project for whole project duration:
1. Ali Hossain Chowdhury (Road Safety Engineer)

2. Nuraiyan Tangin Tonoy (Road Safety Engineer)
3. Md. Johirul Islam (Surveyor)
4. Md. Abdullah AL Mamun (Surveyor)
5. Md. Sajib (Work assistant)
2. Collecting the Background Information
Before starting the audit we collect the package background information from DPR and
LGED office including all necessary information and documents in a usable form for the
audit team. Information includes project reports, design details, data, drawings, etc. It is
necessary to collect additional information, such as traffic volumes, vehicular speed, etc. This
is considered early enough to avoid delays to the road safety audit process. As a minimum,
the audit team is provided with the following documents
• Site data
• Plans and drawings
3. Commencement Meeting
After visiting to the existing sites, a commencement meeting with the participation of all
team members, upazila Engineering Staffs and Road Users is organized to understand the
context of road safety audit. The audit team's task is to identify and to make the road safety
concern and recommendations documented. The opinion of road users is also given
importance here.
4. Inspecting the Site

This phase we got the opportunity to see how the existing roads interacts with the
surroundings and visualized the potential obstacles and conflicts, which are likely to be
encountered by the road users.
Prior to the site inspection we prepared separate checklist for day time and night time audit.
The inspection was carried out from the point of view of all road user groups and not just
motorists.
The team has surveyed whole road length keeping the following issues in mind:
(1) Location of bazar on the road with chainage
(2) Location of Narrow bridges on the road with chainage
10
(3) Location of educational, religious, etc. institute along the road side
(4) Hospital/Health center along the road
(5) Location of sharp curve
(6) Location of intersection points
(7) Location of rail crossing
(8) Bus stoppage
(9) Black-spot of accidents
(10) Places where speed should be controlled
5. Review of Existing Road

Road safety audit of assigned stretch was carried out with due diligence km by km through
repeated visits to selected stretches, observations of the traffic conditions in different times
during day/night with local enquiries and studying maps and other details. Safety concerns in
each km was identified and feasible redress options were to be brought out keeping the
context of selected stretch in view. For conducting safety audit on existing roadway sections
field studies like road inventory, classified volume counts, speed survey and study of first
information reports are essential. Following completion of road construction, safety audit
report for an existing road, authority will need to make an assessment on the cost
effectiveness of the recommended solutions.
6. Black Spot identification

"Black spots "are locations which attract more accidents by comparison with other similar
locations on the road system, or locations which have an accident number and/or rate greater
than a defined minimum. Black spots may be intersections, long lengths of road, or very short
sections of road which may have features such as bridges. The objective of identifying
accident black spots is to establish a systematic and logical basis for indicating any need for
safety improvements involving the construction, operation or maintenance of road facilities.
In this paper, the different techniques of accident black spot identification are reviewed, and
appropriate procedures are recommended for various circumstances. The paper includes
comment on certain methods of collecting data for the identification of potential black spots
using techniques which do not rely on recorded accidents.
Identifying a black spot mainly depends on the definitions used. In circumstances of the
urban road, a black spot may be an intersection road, a section of road, or any other location
that meets the definition. Therefore, this report mainly focuses on urban road black spot
identification.
• Vision obstacles by billboards and • Junctions

roadside trees. • Roundabouts
• Intersections • Turnings on the roads.
• Level crossing
11
7. Road Inventory
Road geometry comprises parameters like road width, shoulder width, footpath, height of
embankment, sight distance, horizontal curvature, vertical curvature, traffic control devices,
comprise signs, markings, delineators, crash barriers, guard rails etc. were thoroughly
inspected by the safety audit team.
8. Preparation of Safety Audit Report

Safety audit report preparation is the most important part of this audit program. The report
contains the features of the project, deficiencies which involve hazards and make
recommendations on corrective actions. The recommendations will reflect sound judgment of
the audit team and should be backed with convincing reasons for appreciation by the decision
makers. Further, these recommendations will indicate the solutions to improve safety and
advised design team to accommodate all safety parameters during the design and implement
it accordingly.
Major parts of the reports are:
a. Project information
b. Background information
c. Findings and recommendations

d. Formal statement
9. Completion Meeting
A completion meeting with the participation of the auditors, client and design team of client,
if any, has to be organized in which the safety concerns, observations and perceptiveness of
the auditors could be explained and discussed to understand the co constraints and views of
the client on those safety concerns, observations and recommendations.
12
7. Chapter 5: Traffic Survey Results
Traffic Survey including vehicle type, vehicle number and hourly traffic volume is most important to design and improvement of the existing
road safety. We collect maximum traffic volume on hat day of these package roads. Table 2 and Table 3 represent the Traffic volume of the
package roads.
Table 2: Volume of traffic on hat day Road ID: (241902005)
7.00am- 10.00am- 1.00pm- 4.00pm- 7.00pm 10.00pm- 1.00am- 4.00am-

Vehicle Type
10.00am 1.00pm 4.00pm 7.00pm 10.00pm 1.00am 4.00am 7.00am
7 Axle 3PM4T 44T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 Axle 3PM3T 41T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 Axle 3PM2T 38T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 Axle 2PM3T 35T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 Axle 2PM2T 32T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 Axle 2R4 30T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4Axle 2R4 25T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 Axle 2PM 1T 25T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 Axle 2R3 22T 6 8 8 4 0 0 0 0
2 Axle 2R2 15T 6 8 6 8 0 0 0 0
Truck medium 13T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
13
Vehicle Type
Truck medium 7 6 5 8 0 0 0 0
Bus Heavy ( 40 seats) 5 8 6 8 0 0 0 0
Bus Mini (16-39 seats) 5 11 10 6 0 0 0 0
Bus Light (16 seats) 5 7 7 5 0 0 0 0
Utility (Land rover/ Zeep type

5 10 9 5 0 0 0 0
vehicles)
Delivery Vehicles (Panal van,

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pickup truck)
Total 40 58 51 44 0 0 0 0
14
Table 3: Volume of traffic on hat day Road ID: (241902001)

Vehicle Type
7 Axle 3PM4T 44T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 Axle 3PM3T 41T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 Axle 3PM2T 38T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 Axle 2PM3T 35T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 Axle 2PM2T 32T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 Axle 2R4 30T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4Axle 2R4 25T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 Axle 2PM 1T 25T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 Axle 2R3 22T 6 8 8 4 0 0 0 0
2 Axle 2R2 15T 6 8 6 8 0 0 0 0
Truck medium 13T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Truck medium 7 6 5 8 0 0 0 0
Bus Heavy ( 40 seats) 5 8 6 8 0 0 0 0
15
Vehicle Type
Bus Mini (16-39 seats) 5 10 10 6 0 0 0 0
Bus Light (16 seats) 5 7 7 5 0 0 0 0
Utility (Land rover/ Zeep type

5 9 9 5 0 0 0 0
vehicles)
Delivery Vehicles (Panal van,

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pickup truck)
Total 39 56 51 44 0 0 0 0
We tried to know the crash history and accident rate but could not find any data or record on this field. However we identify some blackspots
and road safety deficiencies and work on it.
16
Chapter 6: Audit Findings and Recommendations
CW 04 consists 17.823 km of two existing roads. A road safety audit is performed by the
audit team on 27 September, 2022. After the audit and analysis the checklist (attach with
annexes) we find various problems and obstacles which are contradictory to road safety.
Effects of the Deficiencies of the Geometric or Road Safety Features obtained

from Road Safety Inspections are as follows:
6.1 Lane width and traffic characteristics:
Our package roads are single lane with narrow
shoulder including road side illegal activities and
hazards. Traffic characteristics are also significantly
heterogeneous in nature. Even there is no unique
pattern of traffic and speed on the same type of roads in
different areas of the country. Figure 2 represents the
narrow lane width with road side hazards.
Figure 2: Narrow lane width with road

side hazards
6.2 Problems due to curve widening and superelevation:

Package roads have no uniform and standard cross
sections such as width, shoulders, side slopes, radius of
curvature, horizontal curves without superelevation and
widening of the bend sections. Figure:3 represent the Poor
curve widening and superelevation and negative shoulder
slope.
Figure 3: Poor curve widening and

superelevation
17
6.3 Problems due to roadside hazards and insufficient sight distance:
Throughout the road there are various roadside
hazed like residential house, boundary wall,
roadside greenwood. Adjacent land owners
build temporary or permanent structures which
may create obstacles and affects the sight
distance of the road users. Figure 4 represent
the insufficient sight distance due to roadside
hazard.
Figure 4: Insufficient sight distance

due to roadside hazard.
6.4 Safety problems due to improper intersections:

Intersections are hazardous road locations,
particularly at-grade intersections that are maximum
uncontrolled without traffic calming devices and lane
marking. Permanent or temporary shops are built at
intersections occupying shoulder and traffic parked
on carriageways. Figure 5 represent a hazardous
intersection without any guidepost and road hump
Figure 5: Intersection without any

guidepost and road hump
6.5 Problems due to traffic signs, safety fence, barriers, road marking and
guide post:
Roads have no any or appropriate traffic signs, safety
fence, barriers, road marking and guide post. These are
very crucial for road safety features. Figure 6
represents a road without road marking on hump,
traffic sign and guide post
Figure 6: a road without road marking

on hump, traffic sign and guide post
18
6.6 Problems Due to Animal/ wild animals:
In western zone there are abundance of domestic
animal. Black Bangle goat is the pride of that resign.
Duck, hen, cow, dog etc. frequently enters the road.
These are dangerous for creating road traffic crash.
Figure 7: Free movement of domestic

animals
6.7 Problems due to want of bus-stop, and

parking areas:
There is no bus bay or taxi stand for pick up passengers
and no parking areas for loading and unloading
especially at hat/bazar areas.
Figure 8: Loading-unloading problem

due to improper parking facility.
6.8 Problems due to unsafe level Crossing

Unsafe level Crossing leads to fetal accident. In our package Road ID 241902001 starts
through a rail line which seems to unsafe and need proper treatment like barrier, warning sign
etc.
6.9 Problems at junction between highways and rural roads

Junction between highways and rural roads are
hazardous road location. Illegal parking and illegal
structures are made adjacent to pavement creating
obstacles. Rural roads have no lane marking, traffic
sign or speed control devices.
19
Figure 9: LGED and RHD road
connecting junction
6.10 Problems at Hat/Bazar
There are a lot of schools, hat/bazars and social
institutions are constructed beside rural roads without
having any boundary wall or fencing, moreover,
occupying shoulders. School students or buyer-seller of
markets move on rural roads without maintaining
appropriate safety
Figure 10: Roadside market
6.11 General Problems of the Roads

From RSA, the following problems are identified.
Geometric Problems:
• Lack of Super elevation on Curve

• No extra widening at bend
• Lack of shoulder/Occupied shoulder
• Sudden shoulder drop and Pavement edge drop
• Uncontrolled access at bend/curve/bridge approach
• Deep side slope/ditch without guard rail
• Narrow Bridge or Culvert
• Hazardous Bridge Approach/abutment
• No pedestrian facility on bridge/culvert
• Unprotected/unshielded bridge/culvert parapets
• Improper speed hump without sign and marking
• Lack of Drainage facility
• No overtaking/passing facility/zone
• No loading and unloading facility
• No parking facility
20
Road Side Environmental Problems:
• Vision obstruction
• Low sight distance at curve and intersection
• Illegal use of road including construction materials on road
• Vendor on road
• Lack of proper road edge or centerline marking
• Wrong/Lack of appropriate sign
• No delineator or chevron sign for curve
• Lack of maintenance existing traffic sign/inconsistence traffic sign
• Damaged or Rough surface
• Damaged or Rough pavement side
• Unsafe delineator before/after bridge
• Lack of guard rail
• Unsafe concrete bollard
• Road side bill board
• Bazar/ permanent shop at junction corner point
• Landslide beside the road
• Rough/pot hole on road surface
• Gravel/stone on road
• Open Drain
• Steep slopes/cliffs but no delineation or marking
• Large trees or electric pole on road side without sufficient setback
• Lack of maintenance of road Furniture
• Gap between road surface and rail track
• Unnecessary gap between elements/discontinuity
Road User Behaviors:
• Shoulders are occupied by roadside inhabitants for household activities

• Sometimes local people use the carriageway to dry their crops
• Sudden entry of children from roadside house to road yards
• Huge pedestrian activities in bazaar area, especially in hat day
• People are not aware about the safety and take the risk while using the road
21
• Community participation regarding road safety was also found in some places, but
that was not enough and unguided.
• On road parking
• Overtaking without proper signal
• Overloading/Unstable Loading
• Local activities on road
• Long distance walking by school children
• Walking and Crossing of vendors, daily shopkeepers etc
Special Accident Prone Road Segments in LGED Roads
• Sharp Curves
• Long straight section
• Narrow bridge section
• Intersections
• Level crossing
• Hat-Bazar area
• School area
22
Table 4: Proposed road safety features for the package roads and GCM
Road ID: Road ID:

Sl. Name of Item (241902001) (241902005)
Cautionary, Compulsory, Informative Road Sign

∆ Precautionary - 49 108
1
⃝ Compulsory 29+10+10 88+10+10
□ Informative –
2 Road Marking 8.573 9.25
3 Pedestrian Crossing/ Zebra-Crossing - -

4 Rail Crossing Sign - -
5 Rumble Strips - -
6 Road Hump 4 6
7 Guide Post at Curve Portion/Bridge Approach 97 0

4 Leg Intersection - 00
8 8 39
3 Leg Intersection - 45
9 Sharp Curve for super elevation 2 5
10 Kilometer Post 09 10
11 Road Name Plate 1 1
12 Passenger shed/Bus bay 2 2
23
Table 5: List of junction and intersection (Road ID: 241902001)
SL Type Of Left Side/Right Carriage way

Chainage Length L1 L2
NO Intersection Side Width(mm)
1 T-Junction 0+182 Right Side 15 3000
2 T-Junction 1+871 Left Side 15 3700
Left(3000), Right
6 Intersection 5+675 30 15 15
(3000)
Total T- Junction= 07 and Intersection = 01
Table 6: List of junction and intersection (Road ID: 241902005)
SL Left
Type Of Carriage way
N Chainage Side/Right Length L1 L2
Intersection Width(mm)
O Side
Left(3000), Right
(3000)
Left(3000), Right
(3000)
24
Left(3000), Right
(3000)
Total T- Junction= 36 and Intersection = 03
25
9. Annexes
Table 7: Road Safety Inspection Checklist for Road Id 241902005
Parameters/ Issues Yes No N/A Comments

1. Road alignment and cross section
1.1 Visibility; sight distance 
Is sight distance to and from school entrances/facilities
adequate for the speed of traffic using the route?
Is adequate sight distance provided for intersections and Most of the
 Cases
crossings?
Is adequate sight distance provided at all private driveways 
and property entrances?
1.2 Design speed  `
Is the horizontal and vertical alignment suitable for the (85th 
percentile) traffic speed?
If not:
- Are warning signs installed?
- Are advisory speed signs installed?
Are the posted advisory speeds for curves appropriate?  As there are
no advisory
speed sign
posted
1.3 Speed limit/speed zoning  As there are
no advisory
Is the speed limit compatible with the function, road speed sign
geometry, land use and sight distance? posted
1.4 Overtaking 
Are safe overtaking opportunities provided?
1.5 Readability by drivers No disused
Pavement
Is the road free of elements that may cause confusion? Present.
For example:
- Is alignment of the roadway clearly defined?
- Has disused pavement (if any) been removed or treated? 
- Have old pavement markings been removed properly? 
- Do tree lines follow the road alignment? 
- Does the line of street lights or the poles follow the road

alignment?
1.6 Widths 
26
Are traffic lanes and carriageway widths adequate for the
traffic volume and mix?
Are bridge widths adequate? 
1.7 Shoulders  No Shoulders
Were present
Are shoulders wide enough to allow drivers to regain control
of errant vehicles?
Are shoulders wide enough for broken-down or emergency  No Shoulders
Were present
vehicles to stop safely?
Are shoulders sealed?  No Shoulders
Were present
Are shoulders trafficable for all vehicles and road users?  No Shoulders
Were present
Is the transition from road to shoulder safe?  No Shoulders
Were present
1.8 Cross-falls 
Is appropriate super elevation provided on curves?
Is any adverse cross-fall safely managed (for cars, trucks, 
etc.)?
Do cross-falls provide adequate drainage? 
1.9 Batter slopes 
Are batter slopes traversable by cars and trucks that run off
the road?
1.10 Drains  As there
were no
Are roadside drains and culvert end walls traversable? roadside drain
Present
Have shoulder widths been maintained beside the auxiliary  No shoulder
ware present
lane?
2 Intersections
2.1 Location 
Are all intersections located safely with respect to the
horizontal and vertical alignment?
Where intersections occur at the end of high-speed  As no Traffic

Control
environments are there traffic control devices to alert Device were
drivers? Present

Is the presence of each intersection obvious to all road
users?
Is the sight distance appropriate for all movements and all 
27
users?
Is there stopping sight distance to the rear of any queue or 
slow-moving turning vehicles?
Has the appropriate sight distance been provided for 
entering and leaving vehicles?
2.3 Controls and delineation  In most Cases
Are pavement markings and intersection control signs
satisfactory?
Are vehicle paths through intersections delineated 
satisfactorily?
Are all lanes properly marked (including any arrows)? 
2.4 Layout 
Are all conflict points between vehicles safely managed?
Is the intersection layout obvious to all road users? 
3 Signs and lighting
3.1 Lighting  At Present
three were no
Is lighting required and, if so, has it been adequately provision for
provided? street light
3.2 General signs issues  In Most Cases

Are all necessary regulatory, warning and direction signs in
place?
3.3 Sign legibility
In daylight and darkness, are signs satisfactory regarding
visibility? 
- Clarity of message?
- Readability/legibility at the required distance? 
Is sign retro-reflectivity or illumination satisfactory? 
Are signs able to be seen without being hidden by their 
background or adjacent distractions?
Is driver confusion due to too many signs avoided? 
4 Markings and delineation
4.1 General issues
Is the line marking and delineation: 
- Appropriate for the function of the road? 
- Consistent along the route? 
- Likely to be effective under all expected conditions?
28
4.2 Centre lines, edge lines, lane lines 
Are centre lines, edge lines lane lines provided?
If not do drivers have adequate guidance?
4.3 Guideposts and reflectors 
Are guideposts appropriately installed?
Are delineators clearly visible? 
Are the correct colors used for the delineators?  No delineator
been used
4.4 Curve warning and delineation  A no advisory
sign been
Are curve warning signs and advisory speed signs installed posted
where required?
Are advisory speed signs consistent along the route?  A no advisory
sign been
posted
Are the signs correctly located in relation to the curve? 
Are the signs large enough?  A no advisory
sign been
posted
5. Crash barriers and clear zones
5.1 Clear zones 
Is the clear zone width traversable (i.e. drivable)?
Are all power poles, trees, etc., at a safe distance from the 
traffic paths?
5.2 Crash barriers 
Are crash barriers installed where necessary?
Are crash barriers installed at all necessary locations in 
accordance with the relevant guidelines?
6 Traffic signals
6.1 Operations  No traffic
signals were
Are traffic signals operating correctly? installed.
Are the numbers, location and type of signal displays  No traffic
signals were
appropriate for the traffic mix and traffic environment? installed.
Where necessary, are there provisions for visually impaired  No traffic
signals were
pedestrians? installed.
6.2 Visibility 
Are traffic signals clearly visible to approaching motorists?
Is there adequate stopping sight distance to the ends of 
possible vehicle queues?
7. Pedestrians and cyclists
29
7.1 General issues 
Are there appropriate travel paths and crossing points for
pedestrians and cyclists?
7.2 Pedestrians 
Is there adequate separation distance between vehicular
traffic and pedestrians on footways?
Are there an adequate or appropriate number of 
pedestrian/children crossings along the route?
7.3 Cyclists  No Separate
bicycle paths
Is the pavement width adequate for the number of cyclists ware
using the route? available
Are bicycle paths appropriately located and signed? 

7.4 Public transport  No has stope
ware present
Are bus stops safely located with adequate visibility and
clearance to the traffic lane?
Are bus stops in rural areas signposted in advance?  No has stope
ware present
8. Bridges and culverts
8.1 Design features 
Are bridges and culverts the full formation width?
Are bridge and culvert carriageway widths consistent with 
approach conditions?
Is the approach alignment compatible with the 85th
percentile travel speed?
Have warning signs been erected if either of the above two 
conditions (i.e. width and speed) are not met?
Are there suitable traffic barriers on bridges and culverts and
their approaches to protect errant vehicles?
8.3 Miscellaneous 
Are pedestrian facilities on the bridge appropriate and safe?
Does delineation continue over the bridge?  No delineator
Present
9. Pavement
9.1 Pavement defects 
Is the pavement free of defects that could result in safety
problems?
Is the condition of the pavement edges satisfactory?  In most Case
30
Is the transition from pavement to shoulder free of  As there were
no shoulder
dangerous edge drop offs? present.
9.2 Skid resistance 
Does the pavement appear to have adequate skid resistance,
particularly on curves, steep grades and approaches to
intersections?
Has skid resistance testing been carried out where 
necessary?
9.3 Ponding 
Is the pavement free of areas where ponding or sheet flow of
water could contribute to safety problems?
9.4 Loose stones/material
Is the pavement free of loose stones and other material?
10.Parking
Are the provisions for or restrictions on, parking satisfactory
in relation to safety?
Is there sufficient parking for delivery vehicles so that safety 
problems due to double parking do not occur?
11 Provision for heavy vehicles
11.1 Design issues 
Are overtaking opportunities available for heavy vehicles?
Does the route generally cater for the size of vehicle likely 
to use it?
11.2 Pavement/shoulder quality  As here ware
no shoulder
Are shoulders sealed at bends to provide additional present
Pavement for long vehicles?
Is the pavement width adequate for heavy vehicles? 
In general, is the pavement quality sufficient for the safe 
travel of heavy and oversized vehicles?
12 Floodways and causeways
12.1 Ponding, flooding 
Are all sections of the route free from ponding or flow
across the road during wet weather?
If there is ponding or flow across the road during wet 
weather, is there appropriate signposting?
31
Are floodways and causeways correctly signposted?
12.2 Safety of devices 
Are all culverts or drainage structures located outside the
clear roadside recovery area?
If not, are they shielded from the possibility of vehicle 
collision?
13. Miscellaneous
13.1 Temporary works 
Are all locations free of construction or maintenance
equipment that is no longer required?
Are all locations free of signs or temporary traffic control 
devices that are no longer required?
13.2 Roadside activities 
Are the road boundaries free of any activities that are likely
to distract drivers?
Are all advertising signs installed so that they do not 
constitute a hazard?
13.3 Errant vehicles 
Is the roadside furniture on the verges and footways free of
damage from errant vehicles that could indicate a possible
problem, hazard or conflict at the site?
13.4 Other safety issues 
Is the embankment stability safe?
Is the route free of unsafe overhanging branches? 
Is the route free of visibility obstructions caused by long 
grass?
13.5 Rest areas  As three were
no truck rest
Is the location of rest areas and truck parking areas along the areas present
route appropriate?
Is there adequate sight distance to the exit and entry points 
from rest areas and truck parking areas at all times of the
day?
13.6 Animals 
Is the route free from large numbers of animals?
If not, is it protected by animal-proof fencing? 
13.7 Railroad Crossings
32
Is the road crossed any rail line?  No rail time
present
Are gates of rail crossings adequate width?  No rail time
present
Are sight distances for signing and also approaching trains  No rail time
present
adequate?
Are at-grade crossings approximately level with traveled  No rail time
present
roadway?
Are active/passive signing and pavement markings perfect?  No rail time
present
13.8 Traffic Calming 
Is traffic calming required?
Are existing traffic calming measures (if any) effective at 
reducing vehicle speeds?
Is the traffic following the posted speed?  No Speed
sign posted.
13.9 Any other matters
33
Table 8: Road Safety Inspection Checklist for Road Id 241902001

1. Road alignment and cross section
Is sight distance to and from school entrances/facilities
adequate for the speed of traffic using the route?
Is adequate sight distance provided for intersections and  Most of the
Cases
crossings?
Is adequate sight distance provided at all private driveways 
and property entrances?
1.2 Design speed  `
Is the horizontal and vertical alignment suitable for the (85th 
percentile) traffic speed?
If not:
- Are warning signs installed?
- Are advisory speed signs installed?
Are the posted advisory speeds for curves appropriate?  As there are
no advisory
speed sign
posted
1.3 Speed limit/speed zoning  As there are
no advisory
Is the speed limit compatible with the function, road speed sign
geometry, land use and sight distance? posted
1.4 Overtaking 
Are safe overtaking opportunities provided?
1.5 Readability by drivers  No disused
Pavement
Is the road free of elements that may cause confusion?  Present.
For example: 
- Is alignment of the roadway clearly defined?
- Has disused pavement (if any) been removed or treated?
- Have old pavement markings been removed properly?
- Do tree lines follow the road alignment? 
- Does the line of street lights or the poles follow the road

alignment?
1.6 Widths 
Are traffic lanes and carriageway widths adequate for the
traffic volume and mix?
Are bridge widths adequate? 
34
1.7 Shoulders  No Shoulders
Were present
Are shoulders wide enough to allow drivers to regain control
of errant vehicles?
Are shoulders wide enough for broken-down or emergency  No Shoulders
Were present
vehicles to stop safely?
Are shoulders sealed?  No Shoulders
Were present
Are shoulders trafficable for all vehicles and road users?  No Shoulders
Were present
Is the transition from road to shoulder safe?  No Shoulders
Were present
1.8 Cross-falls 
Is appropriate super elevation provided on curves?
Is any adverse cross-fall safely managed (for cars, trucks, 
etc.)?
Do cross-falls provide adequate drainage? 
1.9 Batter slopes 
Are batter slopes traversable by cars and trucks that run off
the road?
1.10 Drains  As there
were no
Are roadside drains and culvert end walls traversable? roadside drain
Present
Have shoulder widths been maintained beside the auxiliary  No shoulder
ware present
lane?
2 Intersections
2.1 Location 
Are all intersections located safely with respect to the
horizontal and vertical alignment?
Where intersections occur at the end of high-speed  As no Traffic
Control
environments are there traffic control devices to alert Device were
drivers? Present

Is the presence of each intersection obvious to all road
users?
Is the sight distance appropriate for all movements and all 
users?
Is there stopping sight distance to the rear of any queue or 
slow-moving turning vehicles?
Has the appropriate sight distance been provided for 
35
entering and leaving vehicles?
2.3 Controls and delineation  In most Cases
Are pavement markings and intersection control signs
satisfactory?
Are vehicle paths through intersections delineated 
satisfactorily?
Are all lanes properly marked (including any arrows)? 
2.4 Layout 
Are all conflict points between vehicles safely managed?
Is the intersection layout obvious to all road users? 
3 Signs and lighting
3.1 Lighting  At Present
three were no
Is lighting required and, if so, has it been adequately provision for
provided? street light
3.2 General signs issues  In Most Cases

Are all necessary regulatory, warning and direction signs in
place?
3.3 Sign legibility
In daylight and darkness, are signs satisfactory regarding
visibility? 
- Clarity of message?
- Readability/legibility at the required distance? 
Is sign retro-reflectivity or illumination satisfactory? 
Are signs able to be seen without being hidden by their 
background or adjacent distractions?
Is driver confusion due to too many signs avoided? 
4 Markings and delineation
4.1 General issues
Is the line marking and delineation: 
- Appropriate for the function of the road? 
- Consistent along the route? 
- Likely to be effective under all expected conditions?
4.2 Centre lines, edge lines, lane lines 
Are centre lines, edge lines lane lines provided?
If not do drivers have adequate guidance?
4.3 Guideposts and reflectors 
36
Are guideposts appropriately installed?
Are delineators clearly visible? 
Are the correct colors used for the delineators?  No delineator
been used
4.4 Curve warning and delineation  A no advisory
sign been
Are curve warning signs and advisory speed signs installed posted
where required?
Are advisory speed signs consistent along the route?  A no advisory
sign been
posted
Are the signs correctly located in relation to the curve? 
Are the signs large enough?  A no advisory
sign been
posted
5. Crash barriers and clear zones
5.1 Clear zones 
Is the clear zone width traversable (i.e. drivable)?
Are all power poles, trees, etc., at a safe distance from the 
traffic paths?
Are crash barriers installed where necessary?
Are crash barriers installed at all necessary locations in 
accordance with the relevant guidelines?
6 Traffic signals
6.1 Operations  No traffic
signals were
Are traffic signals operating correctly? installed.
Are the numbers, location and type of signal displays  No traffic
signals were
appropriate for the traffic mix and traffic environment? installed.
Where necessary, are there provisions for visually impaired  No traffic
signals were
pedestrians? installed.
6.2 Visibility 
Are traffic signals clearly visible to approaching motorists?
Is there adequate stopping sight distance to the ends of 
possible vehicle queues?
7. Pedestrians and cyclists
Are there appropriate travel paths and crossing points for
pedestrians and cyclists?
7.2 Pedestrians 
37
Is there adequate separation distance between vehicular
traffic and pedestrians on footways?
Are there an adequate or appropriate number of 
pedestrian/children crossings along the route?
7.3 Cyclists  No Separate
bicycle paths
Is the pavement width adequate for the number of cyclists ware
using the route? available
Are bicycle paths appropriately located and signed? 

7.4 Public transport  No has stope
ware present
Are bus stops safely located with adequate visibility and
clearance to the traffic lane?
Are bus stops in rural areas signposted in advance?  No has stope
ware present
8. Bridges and culverts
8.1 Design features 
Are bridges and culverts the full formation width?
Are bridge and culvert carriageway widths consistent with 
approach conditions?
Is the approach alignment compatible with the 85th
percentile travel speed?
Have warning signs been erected if either of the above two 
conditions (i.e. width and speed) are not met?
Are there suitable traffic barriers on bridges and culverts and
their approaches to protect errant vehicles?
8.3 Miscellaneous 
Are pedestrian facilities on the bridge appropriate and safe?
Does delineation continue over the bridge?  No delineator
Present
9. Pavement
9.1 Pavement defects 
Is the pavement free of defects that could result in safety
problems?
Is the condition of the pavement edges satisfactory?  In most Case
Is the transition from pavement to shoulder free of  As there were

no shoulder
dangerous edge drop offs? present.
9.2 Skid resistance 
Does the pavement appear to have adequate skid resistance,
38
particularly on curves, steep grades and approaches to
intersections?
Has skid resistance testing been carried out where 
necessary?
9.3 Ponding 
Is the pavement free of areas where ponding or sheet flow of
water could contribute to safety problems?
9.4 Loose stones/material
Is the pavement free of loose stones and other material?
10.Parking

Are the provisions for or restrictions on, parking satisfactory
in relation to safety?
Is there sufficient parking for delivery vehicles so that safety 
problems due to double parking do not occur?
11 Provision for heavy vehicles
11.1 Design issues 
Are overtaking opportunities available for heavy vehicles?
Does the route generally cater for the size of vehicle likely 
to use it?
11.2 Pavement/shoulder quality  As here ware
no shoulder
Are shoulders sealed at bends to provide additional present
Pavement for long vehicles?
Is the pavement width adequate for heavy vehicles? 
In general, is the pavement quality sufficient for the safe 
travel of heavy and oversized vehicles?
12 Floodways and causeways
12.1 Ponding, flooding 
Are all sections of the route free from ponding or flow
across the road during wet weather?
If there is ponding or flow across the road during wet 
weather, is there appropriate signposting?
Are floodways and causeways correctly signposted?
12.2 Safety of devices 
Are all culverts or drainage structures located outside the
clear roadside recovery area?
39
If not, are they shielded from the possibility of vehicle 
collision?
13. Miscellaneous
13.1 Temporary works 
Are all locations free of construction or maintenance
equipment that is no longer required?
Are all locations free of signs or temporary traffic control 
devices that are no longer required?
13.2 Roadside activities 
Are the road boundaries free of any activities that are likely
to distract drivers?
Are all advertising signs installed so that they do not 
constitute a hazard?
13.3 Errant vehicles 
Is the roadside furniture on the verges and footways free of
damage from errant vehicles that could indicate a possible
problem, hazard or conflict at the site?
13.4 Other safety issues 
Is the embankment stability safe?
Is the route free of unsafe overhanging branches? 
Is the route free of visibility obstructions caused by long 
grass?
13.5 Rest areas  As three were
no truck rest
Is the location of rest areas and truck parking areas along the areas present
route appropriate?
Is there adequate sight distance to the exit and entry points 
from rest areas and truck parking areas at all times of the
day?
13.6 Animals 
Is the route free from large numbers of animals?
If not, is it protected by animal-proof fencing? 
13.7 Railroad Crossings
Is the road crossed any rail line?  No rail time
present
Are gates of rail crossings adequate width?  No rail time
present
Are sight distances for signing and also approaching trains  No rail time
present
40
adequate?
Are at-grade crossings approximately level with traveled  No rail time
present
roadway?
Are active/passive signing and pavement markings perfect?  No rail time
present
13.8 Traffic Calming 
Is traffic calming required?
Are existing traffic calming measures (if any) effective at 
reducing vehicle speeds?
Is the traffic following the posted speed?  No Speed
sign posted.
13.9 Any other matters
41

Road Safety Audit Report for CW-04 Package in Bangladesh

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Road Safety Audit Report for CW-04 Package in Bangladesh

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Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Local Government Engineering Department

Western Economic Corridor & Regional Enhancement (WeCARE)

Rural Connectivity, Market and Logistic Infrastructure Improvement

Road Safety Audit Report for Contract Package CW-04

Table 1: Detailed road list of package CW04

1. Sharsha GC - Gorpara GC Road (241902001) 8.573 km

Figure 1: Location of roads on map

Stages of Road Safety Audit:

5. Pre-opening stage of completed construction

3.2 Methodology of Safety Audit on Existing Road

 Selecting Road Safety Audit Team

1. Ali Hossain Chowdhury (Road Safety Engineer)

4. Inspecting the Site

5. Review of Existing Road

6. Black Spot identification

• Vision obstacles by billboards and • Junctions

8. Preparation of Safety Audit Report

c. Findings and recommendations

Table 2: Volume of traffic on hat day Road ID: (241902005)

7.00am- 10.00am- 1.00pm- 4.00pm- 7.00pm 10.00pm- 1.00am- 4.00am-

7 Axle 3PM4T 44T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

6 Axle 3PM3T 41T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5 Axle 3PM2T 38T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5 Axle 2PM3T 35T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 Axle 2PM2T 32T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 Axle 2R4 30T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4Axle 2R4 25T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 Axle 2PM 1T 25T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 Axle 2R3 22T 6 8 8 4 0 0 0 0

2 Axle 2R2 15T 6 8 6 8 0 0 0 0

Truck medium 13T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bus Heavy ( 40 seats) 5 8 6 8 0 0 0 0

Bus Mini (16-39 seats) 5 11 10 6 0 0 0 0

Bus Light (16 seats) 5 7 7 5 0 0 0 0

Utility (Land rover/ Zeep type

Delivery Vehicles (Panal van,

7.00am- 10.00am- 1.00pm- 4.00pm- 7.00pm 10.00pm- 1.00am- 4.00am-

7 Axle 3PM4T 44T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

6 Axle 3PM3T 41T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5 Axle 3PM2T 38T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5 Axle 2PM3T 35T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 Axle 2PM2T 32T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 Axle 2R4 30T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4Axle 2R4 25T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 Axle 2PM 1T 25T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 Axle 2R3 22T 6 8 8 4 0 0 0 0

2 Axle 2R2 15T 6 8 6 8 0 0 0 0

Truck medium 13T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bus Heavy ( 40 seats) 5 8 6 8 0 0 0 0

Bus Mini (16-39 seats) 5 10 10 6 0 0 0 0

Bus Light (16 seats) 5 7 7 5 0 0 0 0

Utility (Land rover/ Zeep type

Delivery Vehicles (Panal van,

Effects of the Deficiencies of the Geometric or Road Safety Features obtained

Figure 2: Narrow lane width with road

6.2 Problems due to curve widening and superelevation:

Figure 3: Poor curve widening and

Figure 4: Insufficient sight distance

6.4 Safety problems due to improper intersections:

Figure 5: Intersection without any

Figure 6: a road without road marking

Figure 7: Free movement of domestic