Department of Education

Region XII
Division of South Cotabato
PANAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Panay, Sto. Niño, South Cotabato
Tel-Nos(083) 235-1288

FACTORS IN SELECTING THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL TRACK BY STUDENTS

A RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO:

RAFFY G. HERRERA, MT-II

SUBJECT TEACHER

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR

PRACTICAL RESEARCH II

SUBMITTED BY:
KC S. MOSTACHO
FRITZ YVERIC P. ENDAYA
FRINCESS JEAN F. MITARAN
JANUARIOS S. ERAYA JR.
BEA ORDENIZA
GINALYN PADAYAG

GRADE 12 HUMSS
JANUARY 2023
ABSTRACT

The number of educated is now decreasing because of the different circumstances that
they face during the days that they are trying to step up in their lives. The study endeavored
to determine the factors in selecting the senior high school track by students. The study was
conducted at Panay National High School, Brgy. Panay, Sto. Nino, South Cotabato. It
employed descriptive research design with 40 randomly sampled students. The gathered data
was tallied, analyzed and interpreted in accordance to the factors of selecting the senior high
school track. Survey questionnaire will be used as the main instrument of the study to determine
the factors that influence in choosing the senior high school track . The designed questions
focused on the track they want choose. The researcher created the questionnaire themselves after
conducting study and reading online. Validators were provided with the research questionnaire
for their feedback and suggestions. After that, the questionnaire will undergo revision. When
creating the final copy of the questionnaire, the researcher will consider the evaluator's
comments and suggestions. At the outset, the researchers looked for necessary resources that
could help them in their study. They did an in-depth reading on the internet from the previously
conducted study related to parenting styles. From there, they were able to construct ideas and
questions necessary for the questionnaire. To ensure understanding and the accuracy of the
respondent’s answers, the researchers will make sure to fully clarify all the instructions and items
to the respondents. Retrieval of the questionnaires will be done after an hour. The responses will
be tallied, analyzed, and interpreted by the items found in the instruments. The researchers
converted the numerical data gathering from the questionnaire used the Mean percentage.
Descriptive statistics which include summary of the data gathered will use to explain further
result of the study. Descriptive statistics, which include a summary of the data to be gathered,
will be used to explain further results of the study. The descriptive statistics will use mean
percentage.
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The K to 12 Basic Education Program in the Philippines includes the introduction of

senior high school (SHS), or grades 11 and 12, the final two years of a new 6-year secondary
education system. It is merely focusing on post-secondary education preparedness,
the SHS Curriculum aims to prepare students for either higher education or work.
(Development Asia, 2019). Students in JHS Grade 10 will follow a shared curriculum and
can choose from four specialization options: Academics, Technical Vocational and
Livelihood (TVL), Sports, or Arts and Design. Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMMS),
Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM), Science, Technology and Engineering
(STEM), and General Academic are the four strands that make up the Academic Track. Then
there's the Technical Vocational Track, which includes Information and Communications
Technology (ICT), Agri-Fishery Arts, and Industrial Arts. (Ibid.).

The Philippines, along with Djibouti and Angola in Africa, is one of only three nations
in the world with a 10-year pre-university curriculum. Filipinos find it challenging to
compete with other nations that have at least 12 years of basic education due to this short
duration (Japitan et al., 2015). According to a recent research, peer buddies are a crucial
element of the socialization process, and their effect and pressure in molding an individual's
trajectory has been generally acknowledged. It aids in the development of career options and
decision-making among young people (Victorovna, 2017). Choosing a senior high school
strand is one of the most challenging decisions that junior high school students will have to
face. It is greatly important because the strand they choose will serve as their training ground
before entering college. This is follow their diverse dreams and interests in life that can
still change over time (Deil-Amen, 2011). Relevantly speaking, being aware of and pursuing
one's area of interest will support and guide one toward choosing the appropriate career path
since these elements are vital in determining a future job that is suitable for them. In career
selection, students have to undergo an intricate process, where they should consider factors
that would affect their overall decision such as the sociodemographic profile, socio-economic
status, parents, job opportunities, academic performance, personal interest, and many other
aspects to forcefully be open-minded of the things they will encounter in the not too distant
future (Moneva & Malbas, 2019; Santric-Milicevic et al., 2014).

The implementation of K to 12 programs is one of the most significant educational

reforms in the Philippines. Its mission is to "develop a holistically Filipino with
21st-century skills who is prepared for employment, entrepreneurship, middle-level skill
development, and higher education after completing Grade 12." The kindergarten to Grade 12
Basic Education Program is the Department of Education's flagship program, introducing two
additional years of senior high school—Grades 11 and 12. From Kindergarten to Grade 12,
students are equipped to holistically develop Filipinos who are prepared for the world. Senior
high school (SHS) is the final two years of a new six-year secondary education system in the
Philippines. Rather than simply preparing students for postsecondary education, the SHS
Curriculum aims to prepare students for either higher education or work (de Jesus, E., 2019).

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the professional interests of junior high school
students in order to prepare them for senior high school, which would be a
stepping stone for the senior high school. The researchers were inspired to carry out this
study in order to learn more about the variables that affect junior high school students'
decisions to enroll in the senior high school track.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Career choices for the students were affected by various factors including grades, age,
personal interests, experiences, etc. and through their learning experiences that these students
decide what they would want to do in relation to their future careers (Edward & Quinter,
2011). Furthermore, the senior high school students found out various factors that also
influences their choices such as decision-making, motivation, peer pressure, institutional
considerations and future job opportunities (Ouano, Delatorre, Japitan & Moneva, 2019).
Finding shows that the career track choices of students are influenced by factors such
as the average monthly income of the family, school preference, occupation of a family
member and scholastic ratings (Abarro, 2016). Also, findings have shown that the career
decision-making of the students is highly affected by their personal factors (Su, Chang, Wu &
Liao, 2016).

According to Witko, Bernes, Magnusson and Bardick (2006) studies on senior high
school students' occupational aspirations found out that interests, skill, personal meaning,
challenges and parental support are variables contributory to the occupational aspirations of
senior high school students. In the recent study by Nazareno et al. (2019), they found that
students’ grades have a moderate to a strong association with the choice of career strand in
SHS in the Philippines. Other studies that support this claim include that of Malubay, et. al
(2015) which mentioned that the primary factor considered by students are stable wages, and
in demand jobs. In some cases, it is being reported that there are students who wanted to be
like a former teacher which means that they wanted to assume a similar identity regarding
their career and role as a teacher (Jones & Parkes, 2010).
Choosing a career path can help one sets his professional goals and develop a strategy
for getting where he wanted to be. Choosing an appropriate career path involves making
an honest self-evaluation of talents, abilities and interests (Mc Query, 2016). Edwards and
Quinter (2011) stated that in choosing career of the students’ it should be their career interest.
Recognizing the factors that may affect students’ career decisions is essential in developing
strategies that may help them make intelligent career choices. Identifying these factors was
beneficial in developing a career decision-making tool (Gestiada et al. 2017). It is also
suggested that the guidance and counseling services in schools should be strengthened to
encourage career exploration and informed decisions by students (Okiror & Otabong, 2015).

The structure of implementing K-12 provides addition of two (2) years

level from the old system which are Grades 11 and 12 which the students will take core
courses and career pathways. This will result to no enrollment in first year and second year
college which will be a big challenge to colleges and universities during the School Year
2017-2018 and 2018-2019. The offering of Career Tracks in Grades 11 and 12 could be an
avenue for colleges and universities to collaborate with the Department of Education
(DepEd). In this way, resources of colleges and universities who have no enrollees can utilize
their resources to the maximum level.
Personal Interest

Both aptitude and interest, as indicators of a student's personality, have been identified
as critical factors in choosing a career path. Because a student's experiences are shaped by
their own abilities, their attitudes toward professional ideals are influenced in both directions
(Fink, L. D., 2013). They chose their track depending on their desires. Brown (2002) points
out that in psychologically focused studies of career choice, personality factors that incline a
person to pursue a certain sort of work are highly highlighted. Blustein (2013) asserts that
psychological research on career choice places a lot of emphasis on the personality traits that
influence an individual's choice of a job.

Family Influence

According to Olaosebikan, O. I., &Olusakin, A. M. (2014), without parental permission

or support, students and young adults are frequently unwilling to pursue – or even consider –
a variety of career opportunities. Peers and friends have a substantial impact on the
respondents’ future selves' behavior, personality development, career choices, adaptation, and
positive and negative behavior (Borisovich, M. A., et.al, 2017). Families, particularly parents
and guardians, have a critical influence in shaping their children's career aspirations and
goals. Students and young adults are typically unwilling to pursue – or even explore – a range
of professional alternatives without parental permission or support. (Taylor et al., 2004).

Udoh and Sanni (2012) shown that parents’ educational attainment influences
secondary students’ career choices. Contrary to, Alphones (2016) mentioned that
children whose parents complain about the struggle to support the family with their income
are likely to take a career field that could lead to a job with higher earnings. . These include
the impact of family members, school friends, teachers, and the community. Family and
friends play a crucial role in influencing an individual in choosing a career. In the study of
Wildman and Torres (2002), they found out that a student’s family is influential in selecting a
specialization.

Peer Influence

Individuals' peers and friends have a significant influence on their future self's
behavior, personality development, career decisions, adaptation, and positive and negative
behavior (Victorovna, 2017). Peers and friends have a substantial impact on the respondents’
future selves' behavior, personality development, career choices, adaptation, and positive and
negative behavior (Borisovich, M. A., et.al, 2017).

Job Opportunities

This implies that when these students select a major or career path, they prioritize
higher-paying occupations or majors with the greatest job security. Along with job security,
some students may anticipate retirement. Students may want to think about getting a job to
make sure they have money for the rest of their lives (Wildman et al., 2001).

Financial Condition

This factor demonstrates that some students come from lower socioeconomic
backgrounds and that their families are in financial distress. Occasionally, when students are
reminded of the high cost of education, this difficulty can be transferred to them (Lambros,
A., 2004). Students want to be treated as the adults they are expected to be, with an equal
opportunity to make the best career choices imaginable (Borchert, 2002). When students have
a clear grasp of what they want to achieve, they are more engaged and motivated. What
students need is a meaningful career – a career for a lifetime (Positive Action, n.d). Hence, it
is normal for Filipino parents to look for other options because they still believe that a good
education is the key to success (Dumaran et al., 2015).

Students want to be treated like adults and given an equal opportunity to make the best
career choices possible (Gottfredson, L. S., 2005). Economic stability, job opportunities,
career advancement opportunities, and job satisfaction all influenced respondents' career
choices (Ko, W. H., 2012). Students who have a firm grasp on their objectives are more
motivated and engaged. What students need is a rewarding career that will last a lifetime
(Lent, R. W., & Brown, S. D., 2013).
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The study aimed primarily to determine the Factors in Selecting the Senior High School
Track by Students.
Specifically, it sought to answers the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile in terms of:

a. age
b. gender
c. family income

2. What are the factors in selecting the senior high school track in terms of the
following:
a. personal interest
b. family influence
c. peer influence
d. job opportunities
e. financial condition
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This study on Factors in Selecting the Senior High School by Students will
conducted in Grade 10 students of Panay National High School, District of Sto. Nino Division
of South Cotabato. Data gathered will cover in the school year 2022 – 2023.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study focused significant to the following group of people:

Students – the results of this study will help them to assist them in developing a more
comprehensive self-understanding so they may make wise professional decisions.

Parents – through this study, parents will understand that they share responsibility for being
a significant influence on their children's professional choices.

Teachers – this study will provide teachers with information about the preferences of the
students so that they may concentrate on the abilities the children would need if they were to
pursue the career path they have chosen.

School Administration – the result of the study will assist the school administration in setting
up a powerful, integrated information and guidance system to direct students toward selecting
the best possible track.
 CHAPTER II

METHODS

Respondents of the Study

This chapter compromise the methods employed in the present conduct of the study. It
shows and describes the research design, the research instrument in collecting data, its
procedure the population and the respondents and the statistical tool that is used in to arrive
answers to the problem.

Data Gathering Instrument

Survey questionnaire will be used as the main instrument of the study to determine the
factors that influence in choosing the senior high school track . The designed questions focused
on the track they want choose. The researcher created the questionnaire themselves after
conducting study and reading online. Validators were provided with the research questionnaire
for their feedback and suggestions. After that, the questionnaire will undergo revision. When
creating the final copy of the questionnaire, the researcher will consider the evaluator's
comments and suggestions.

Data Gathering Procedure

At the outset, the researchers looked for necessary resources that could help them in
their study. They did an in-depth reading on the internet from the previously conducted study
related to parenting styles. From there, they were able to construct ideas and questions
necessary for the questionnaire. To ensure understanding and the accuracy of the respondent’s
answers, the researchers will make sure to fully clarify all the instructions and items to the
respondents. Retrieval of the questionnaires will be done after an hour. The responses will be
tallied, analyzed, and interpreted by the items found in the instruments.
 CHAPTER III

RESULTS

Summary of Findings

The number of educated is now decreasing because of the different circumstances that
they face during the days that they are trying to step up in their lives. The study endeavored
to determine the factors in selecting the senior high school track by students. The study was
conducted at Panay National High School, Brgy. Panay, Sto. Nino, South Cotabato. It
employed descriptive research design with 40 randomly sampled students. The gathered data
was tallied, analyzed and interpreted in accordance to the factors of selecting the senior high
school track.

PRESENTATION ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the analysis of data followed by the discussion of the research
findings, the findings relate to the questions that guided the study. Data were analyzed to
identify the factors of senior high school track.

1.Demographic Profile
1.1Age
Figure 1. Frequency Distribution of the Respondents According to their Age
As shown in the Figure 1 the majority of respondents who answered our survey aged
between 16-17 with a percentage of 53%. On the other hand, the lowest percentage is (2)
respondents those who are aged between 18-19.

1.2Gender
Figure 2. Frequency Distribution of the Respondents According to their Gender
 Figure 2 shows the percentage of the respondents in terms of the sex. All of the
respondents who had been surveyed, male respondents were 65% with a total of (40) out of
(26) respondents. The percentage of female is 35% with a total of (14) respondents.

1.3Family Income
Figure 3. Frequency Distribution of the Respondents According to their Family Income

As shown in the Figure 3, respondents in terms of the family income. All of the
respondents who had been surveyed, the monthly income of the family below 10,000
respondents were 70% with a total of (40) out of five (28) respondents. The percentage of
monthly income of the family above 10,000 is 30% with a total of (12) respondents.

2. The factors of selecting the senior high school track of students

2.1 Personal Interest

Personal Interest Weighted Mean Interpretation
1.I choose based on my desire. 3.8 Agree
2.I choose out of my freedom. 3.9 Agree
3.My personality and habits suited to the track I choose. 3.7 Agree
4.I choose the track that fits my skills and interest. 4 Agree
5.I consider my capabilities in choosing the senior high 4.2 Agree
school strand.
TOTAL 3.9 Agree
Table 1. Distribution of the Respondents in terms of Personal Interest.

Table 1 shows that selecting the senior high school track in personal interest. As shown
in the table.

2.2 Family Influence

Family Influence Weighted Mean Interpretation
1.I consider my parent’s career in choosing my senior 3.4 Neutral
high school track/strand.
2.I choose my track based on my parent’s 3.3 Neutral
preferences.
3.My parents pushed me to enroll in the specific 3.1 Neutral
strand.
4.My parents advised me to choose this strand. 3.6 Agree
 5.I always try to make my parents proud of me. 4.4 Strongly Agree
TOTAL 3.5 Agree
Table 2. Distribution of the Respondents in terms of Family Influence.

Table 2 shows that selecting the senior high school track in family influence. As shown
in the table.

2.3 Peer Influence

Peer Influence Weighted Mean Interpretation
1.I was influenced by my classmates. 3.2 Neutral
2.I am afraid to be left out by my friends. 3.1 Neutral
3.I would prefer a track which I that most of my friends, 3.3 Neutral
classmates and school mates choose.
4.My peer group and I shared the same preference. 3.4 Neutral
5.My friend’s decision is my decision as well. 3 Neutral
TOTAL 3.2 Neutral
Table 3. Distribution of the Respondents in terms of Peer Influence.

Table 3 shows that selecting the senior high school track in family influence. As shown in
the table.

2.4 Job Opportunities

Job Opportunities Weighted Mean Interpretation
1.I choose the strand based on its demand. 3.4 Neutral
2.I choose a strand based on salary expectation. 3.3 Neutral
3.I prefer a strand based on its employability and 3.7 Agree
stability.
4.I choose a strand based on its future work 3.8 Agree
environment.
5.I would choose a track which I think will 4 Agree
offer/provide a lot of work opportunities in the future.
TOTAL 3.6 Agree
Table 4. Distribution of the Respondents in terms of Job Opportunities.
 Table 4 shows that selecting the senior high school track in Job Opportunities. As shown in
the table.

2.5 Family Condition

Family Condition Weighted Mean Interpretation
1.I choose this strand based on my parent’s income. 3.4 Neutral
2.I choose the strand based on tuition cost. 3.2 Neutral
3.I choose the strand based on scholarship 3.6 Agree
opportunities.
4.I choose the strand that would not cause financial 3.7 Agree
stress for my parents.
5.I choose the strand based on high wages. 3.5 Agree
TOTAL 3.4 Neutral
Table 5. Distribution of the Respondents in terms of Family Condition.

Table 5 shows that selecting the senior high school track in Family Condition. As
shown in the table.
 CHAPTER IV

DISCUSSION

Conclusion

Based from the findings derived from this study, the following conclusions were drawn:
The majority of Grade 10 pupils, regardless of their age, gender, or family
income, would prefer to enroll in the academic track when compared to alternative tracks.
Additionally, the findings suggested that financial considerations, including employment
prospects and family finances, have a big impact on students’ preferences for academic
tracks.

Recommendations

Based on the conclusions and upon analyzing the data gathered from this study, the following
recommendations were drawn:
1. School should provide another strand to academic track to provide more opportunities for
the student to enroll based on their skills and interests.

2. Assist students in making wise decisions, opportunities for career exploration and self –
evaluation may be made available to them.

3. The school must offer counseling services for students who experience financial
issues/problems.

4. In choosing a track, students should do some research on the benefits and opportunities it
offers.
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 Letter of permission to conduct this research

Department of Education
Region XII
Division of South Cotabato
PANAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Panay, Sto. Niño, South Cotabato
Tel-Nos (083) 235-1288

October, 2022
Genie P. Cubita Phd
School Head
Panay Santo Niño So. Cot.
Panay Nat. High School

Dear Maam,
Anent to this, we humbly request the permission of your office to conduct this study in barangay
Panay, Santo Niño, South Cotabato.
May this letter merit your most favorable consideration and approval.

Very truly yours,

Researchers:
Kc Mostacho
Fritz Yveric Endaya
Januarios Eraya
Bea Ordeniza
Ginalyn Padayag
Noted by:

RAFFY G. HERRERA
Teacher

Approved by:

GENIE P. CUBITA, Ph.D

School Head
 APPENDIX

Letter of Permission to the Validator

Department of Education
Region XII
Division of South Cotabato
PANAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Panay, Sto. Niño, South Cotabato
Tel-Nos (083) 235-1288

November 22, 2022

In order to establish validity of the prepared research instrument for this data gathering
process, your expertise and qualification is deemed significant. In this lieu, may we request
you to share your expertise validating our research paper.

Thank you for being part in the success of this endeavor. We are looking forward to receive a
favorable response from you.

Your response is highly regarded and is greatly appreciated.

Truly yours,

The researchers.
 Department of Education
Region XII
Division of South Cotabato
PANAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Panay, Sto. Niño, South Cotabato
Tel-Nos (083) 235-1288

CONSENT FORM

I ____________________ have read and understood the letter of invitation to take part in this
research: “Factors in Selecting the Senior High School Track by Students.”

I have receive adequate information regarding the nature of the study and understand what will
be requested of me. I am aware of my right to withdraw any point of the study without penalty.

I hereby consent to participate in this research.

Participant’s Signature: ___________

Date:
Researchers signature:
Name:
Very truly yours,
Noted:
Approved:
 Department of Education
Region XII
Division of South Cotabato
PANAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Panay, Sto. Niño, South Cotabato
Tel-Nos (083) 235-1288

PARENT’S CONSENT

We hereby approve and understand the intention of our son/daughter (Name/ Grade/ Section)
__________________ to conduct this research in barangay Panay, Santo Niño, South Cotabato.
As part of their academic requirement for the school year 2022-2023.

_________________________________________
________________

Parent or Guardian’s Signature over Printed Name

Date Signed
 CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA

Name: Kc Mostacho
Birthday: June 15, 2005
Address: Purok. Bonifacio, Brgy. San Vicente, Sto. Niño
School: Panay National High School

Name: Fritz Yveric Endaya

Birthday: July 22, 2005
Address: Purok Rizal, Brgy. M. Roxas, Sto. Niño
School: Panay National High School

Name: Januarios Eraya

Birthday: November 22, 2004
Address: Purok Magsaysay, Brgy. Panay, Sto. Niño
School:Panay National High School

Name: Frincess Jean Mitaran

Birthday: November 14, 2004
Address: Purok Rzal 2, Brgy. Panay, Sto, Niño
School: Panay National High School

Name: Bea Ordeniza

Birthday: July 6, 2004
Address: Purok Kasoy, Lapuz, Norala
School: Panay National High School
Name: Ginalyn Padayag
Birthday: November 13, 1999
Address: Purok Solid South, Brgy. San Vicente, Sto. Niño
School: Panay National High School