CHAPTER 1

PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

PHILIPPINES the country, the choice of being Filipino is one of the chosen place.

The changes of facilities, infrastructures, culture, economy, and the only way of giving

fast development of the country is ‘Education’.

The previous four years in Secondary have been increased by two years due to

the implementation of the K-12. Senior High School is an extra two years for education

in which to choose Track or Strand. This study is an important thing in a person's life so

it is important to think carefully about the choice of Track or Strand that will be

resolved. Also, the profession in the Philippines has a low level compared to other

profession in other country. Those Doctors here in the Philippines are been sent to

other countries the profession they have become Nurse where there is a problem.

In today's educational assistance in the Philippines, many of students are

confused by the new educational system because the government has already

implemented the K-12 Curriculum. The K-12 Curriculum in the Philippines is an

additional two years that students want to prepare after high school, if they want to

work and do not go to college immediately, or to be ready in creating business, or to

become more ready for college.

 It is a big change that graduates in the schools that employ them often get more

and better opportunities not only in the country but also abroad because the K-12 is the

recognized International Education Standard observed by most countries. And since it

has just begun to be implemented in the Philippines, it only means that our quality of

education has been abandoned but it continues to stagger to immediately address the

critical condition of education quality in the country. By choosing Strand or Track that is

the main subject of this study based on our research there are two main reasons to

consider choosing your Senior High School Track and Strand in K to 12 Program. The

first of these is the Availability stated here that not all Track and Strand are offered by

schools near the area of every student. They should check how well the school

equipment students are attending. Try to inquire to ask if schools have the good

equipment you will need based on the Track and Strand you have chosen. Some

Universities or Colleges also offer Senior High School. These are mostly Private Colleges

but you can use the DepED Voucher Program to get a discount.

The second major factor in selecting Track and Strand in Senior High

School is the College Strand. Students should make sure that their plans are correct to

continue what you have learned at Senior High School in College. As of that choose the

appropriate Strand to make sure that they have the knowledge for future they want to

be.

If they are undergo by what they choose between the Tracks or Strands these

would be easier because questions on your mind had been answered. The factors that
affect their ability to choose what Tracks or Strand will be now knew to be more

effective in Decision Making for the future.

Senior High School has a lot of different Strands and different importance. Every

Track has a specific Strands and every Strand has a specialized subject that will be

given to a Senior High School (SHS).

St. Uriel Academy of Taguig City Teaches 2 Strands in Academic Track those are

ABM and ICT (Information Communication Technology) Strand. The ICT Strand is one

of the Strand of TVL or the Technical-Vocational-Livelihood.

If you are computer-savvy or a technological freak, step right into the ICT strand.

Under this strand, you will be encouraged to utilize information and communication

technological tools to contextualize, collaborate, and create experiences for learning in

this professional strand. In this school year the two strands of St. Uriel Academy of

Taguig City become three added by GAS or the General Academic Strand. Unlike the

other career-specific strands, GAS is designed for students who are not decided yet on

what course they want to take in college.

“This track is best for students who are not yet sure which path to take. Unlike

other K to 12 tracks and strands that are specific to a career, GAS gives you the chance

to weigh your options. Moreover, a course you can pursue from this strand is

education.” College of Arts and Technology(March 2019).

 In this strand, you can choose from the electives of the different tracks such as

Applied Economics, Organization and Management, Humanities, Social Sciences, and

Disaster Preparedness.

Furthermore, in Senior High School there are four Tracks; the Academic Track,

Arts and Design, Technical-Vocational Livelihood (TVL) and Sports. The Academic Strand

had Four Strands; those are the Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM),

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), Humanities and Social

Science (HUMSS), and also the General Academic Strand (GAS).

The ABM Strand has the Specialized Subjects like Applied Economics, Business

Ethics and Social Responsibility, Fundamentals of Accountancy II, Business and

Management II and etc. This strand ABM was one of the strand that St. Uriel Academy

of Taguig City have.

The STEM has a Pre-Calculus, General Biology I, General Physics I, General

Chemistry I and etc.

The Specialized Subjects of HUMSS are Creative Writing, Introduction to World

Religion and Belief Systems, Creative Non-Fiction, and etc.

While the Specialized Subjects of GAS are Humanities I, Humanities II, Social

Science I, Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction and etc.

Arts and Design Track has a Specialized Subjects those are the Creative Industries
I & II, Developing Filipino Identity in the Arts and etc.

The TVL Track has a Specialized Subjects like Home Economics, Agri-Fishery,

Industrial Arts, ICT (Information Communication Technology) and etc.

“It calls out to eligible students with subjects focused on job-ready skills.

Besides, it offers practical knowledge with matching certificates to help students land

their desired job after they graduate from SHS. Under the senior high school tech-voc

track are the following strands.” College of Arts and Technology(March 2019)

The Sports Track had subjects like Practicum Fitness Testing, Basic Exercise

Programming, Work Immersion, Culminating Activity, and etc.

SHS as part of the K-12 Basic Curriculum, was developed in line with the

curriculum of the Commission of Higher Education (CHED). This is insures that by the

time you graduate from Senior High School, the students will have the standard

knowledge, skills and competencies, needed to go College. To complete High School

and began to go to College, according to the Law, beginning S.Y. 2016-2017, Students

must go through Grades 11 and 12. If a Student didn’t finish studying up to SHS he/she

will be called a Grade 10 Completer.

So, it is imperative to do a research to identify one of the scopes of why learners

have the option of selecting Strand to study for two years at school. The expend time

must be a training field of study for college and a training work ready.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

 This study aims to determine the different factors that affect the Senior High

School Strand of selected Grade 10 Students; specifically it aims to answer the following

questions:

1. What are the common reasons why Grade 10 Students struggle in picking

Strand in Senior High School?

2. What are the leading factors that can affect the student in picking Strand in

Senior High School?

3. In what way these factors can affect the student in choosing Strand in Senior

High School?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is significantly benefits the following groups:

To Students – this study helps every student to choose a Strand or Track that

suits their future desire. The way of Decision-Making of Student became more effective

because of the revelations of factors that affect their decision will be the way of easier

picking of Strand or Track.

 To Teachers – the Tracks or Strands they teach to every student will be able to

be relevant and also know what Strand they must teach to their students.

To Parents – it is important for parents to take the advantage of their children to

have the best Strand or Track for the future of their children. They also prepared for

willingness of their children to study because of the Strand they choose.

To Schools – for them to know what are the Best Strand that they must give to

every student who will be studied for Senior High School.

To Future Researchers – the research must have a corresponding and

appropriate research with more detailed analysis of decision making and factors

affecting the choice of strand in SHS.

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

NULL HYPOTHESIS:

There is no statistically significant difference in “Factors Affecting the Decision

Making in Choosing a Strand in Senior High School Students of St. Uriel Academy of

Taguig City.“.
ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS:

There is a statistically significant difference in “Factors Affecting the Decision

Making in Choosing a Strand in Senior High School Students of St. Uriel Academy of

Taguig City.“.

There are some cases that having a choice in choosing what student like and

what they must choose are been done for a longtime cause of having confusion in what

is suitable and what they like to study for their future.

The research was to improve our good decision making where your emotion and

the likes of others might gave you a better choice in giving yourself a best Strand.

There are students have decisions that parents gave to them some are good but there

are few who didn’t like the strand that their parents gave to them.

School that is near at the location of every student has the advantage where they

don’t need to use much effort in transportation, but in this case there are strand that is

limited. There are two, three or four strands that students choose but not suitable for

what they like and need to suit their college courses. So the researcher, conceive for to

overcome and be better on choosing for the needs for the future.

The desire to have the best Strand to choose to associate with the profession or

college-preferred course must have sufficient knowledge to make the choice better and

for those studying which need a solution for them to be given guidance as this research

has the capability to give the factors that affects their decisions.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF STUDY

SCOPES:

This research, “Factors that Affecting the Decision-making in Choosing Strand in

Senior High School in Grade 10 High School Students of St. Uriel Academy of Taguig

City”, is helping those students of every Grade 10 to have a connection of their future of

the decision that they might have. This study also deals with what the basis, barriers,

often studied Track or Strand, should be taken into consideration by students choosing

Track or Strand for Senior High School and who are those people influenced them to

have the decision.

They need to have a guide that helps them to reach the gap between themselves

and the decision they use, so, the factors that affects their decision must be knew for

them to be recognize. Strands are helping them to be better and advance for study in

choosing course in college, but they need to have a decision first in having strand.

DELIMITATIONS:

The research proved that, “Factors that Affecting the Decision-making in Choosing

Strand in Senior High School in Grade 10 High School Students of St. Uriel Academy of

Taguig City”, are only have been taken and as a researcher the factors are for
advantages and disadvantage of every affects that the research have will be the answer

for the problem.

The respondents are the Grade 10 Students of St. Uriel Academy of Taguig City

who had the only place and chance to answer the specific questions that gives the

“Factors that Affecting the Decision-making in Choosing Strand in Senior High School in

Grade 10 High School Students of St. Uriel Academy of Taguig City”.

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES

RELATED LITERATURES

Foreign Literature

Over and above past experiences, cognitive biases, and individual differences;

another influence on decision making is the beliefs in personal relevance, (Dietrich,

2010). She also said that understanding the factors that influence decision making

process is important to understanding what decisions are made. That is, the factors that

influence the process may impact the outcomes (Dietrich 2010).

The researchers conceive to have some options on decisions that they created

with other. The decisions from you and other helps and in finalizing the decision

making; researchers must do the cutting out of decisions, noting all options to be more

creative and see the best among these decisions.

 “We often settle for default options or let others decide for us because decisions

are just too much work for our brains. This is particularly so when there are more than

two options to choose from. You can help your brain out by cutting out any extra

options you don’t need. Cut your choices right down to a tiny shortlist and you’ll have

an easier time of making a final decision”, said Belle Cooper (2018).

There are times that we often use the opinion or decision of others to have

options with the others opinion and your opinion. Those options separate the bad one

to the better options.

“The thought of having to decide makes some people groan in agony; others

get busy with something so as not to have to think about it. And others leave it

until the last minute, trying to convince others that they think better under

pressure!” by David Mc Dermott (2006-2018). He also implies that, “Maybe you're

one of those people who realize after the fact that they have made a poor decision

and spend hours beating themselves up with thoughts of "I knew I should have

chosen the other thing" or "I always seem to pick the wrong one.".”

In decision making we develop our needs and wants approvals. According to

Chankong(2008), “Decision making is an integral part of our daily lives. It range in

scope from the individual to the largest groups and societies, including nations and,

ultimately, organization at the global level.”

At the Book “Multi-objective Decision Making: Theory and Methodology” written

by Vira Chankong and Yacoy Y. Haimes(2008), the study implies about the decision
making using oneself decisions that have a effect in society and the nation that covers

the entire individuals.

LOCAL LITERATURE

Aside from knowing your passion, you also need to consider your future career.

You can, for example, love sports but athletics are not seeing as a career you seen for

yourself every day. When considering a strand, choose one that will best prepare you

for your dream job, (Karl Nicole Nucum, 2018).

The road to success in Senior High School is no longer, no bumps and detours,

but this is what makes your student's life useful. Remember that you have a support

system-your teachers, classmates, friends, family, and other research to guide you in

every step.

According to Nucum (2018), there are 5 Tips to Overcome the SHS Strand

Uncertainly namely; 1.Examine yourself, 2.Think in advance, 3.Seek advice, 4.Do your

research, and 5.Believe in yourself where you and your decisions have a great outcome

in your future. She also has an explanation that gets to be more effective in choosing

Strand for better work and especially in the future.

To find the purpose in life that will make us truly happy may take some time, but

it is definitely worth it to the end. As long as you are listening to what your heart is

saying, there is no doubt that you will eventually see it. You can try to keep yourself
surrounded by things that inspire you to continue and be the best version of yourself

(Suguitan 2018). Based also in Saguitan’s article (2018) you must; Consider your

passion for life, Think about field work opportunities, Ask yourself what your life goals

are, Learn more about research, Get advice from your Seniors for much better pick in

choosing Strand for Senior High School.

ONLINE LITERATURE

According to Medlin (2016), It is important for students to realize that the career

decision making process, is just that, a process. It is not an event. Individuals have to

continuously make decisions regarding future careers. Making sound and informed

decisions is the key to good choices. Understanding oneself; your interests, skills, and

values, also plays a major role in the decision making process. It is important to take

responsibility for and own the decisions made. In this statement, the University of North

Alabama wanted a full support in having a decision making for a better choice so that

every individual might have an understanding within themselves. The interest where

they have their power to have a self-confidence in having a certain thing, skills where

every people might have when a person choose to be on its own expertise or profession

and the values where people’s best choice supports his skills and interest for
himself/herself and for those who accompany for a better future and satisfaction in

living.

Parents want the best for their children. Parents can best support their

students by facilitating the decision making process. That doesn't mean making the

decision for them--even if you are footing the bill. You want your student to enjoy their

life's work and be fulfilled, not just earn a paycheck. It is possible to find some

fulfillment and enjoyment from a career. We don't want your student's entire identity to

be wrapped up in a career, but we do want them to find satisfaction in going to work

upon graduation (Medlin 2016).

An article created in Management Study HQ by Sonia Kukreja (2019)

entitled, “Factors Affecting Decision Making” gives two categories of Decision that

we have; these are the Programmed Decisions and Non-Programmed Decisions.

Programmed decisions are made in predictable circumstances and managers

have clear parameters and criteria. Problems are well structured and alternatives are

well defined. The problems are solved and decisions are implemented through

established policy directives, rules and procedures.

Non-programmed decisions are mode in unique circumstances and the results of

such decisions are often unpredictable. Managers face ill-structured problems. These

problems require a custom-mode response and are usually handled by the top
management. To start a new business, to merge with another business or to close a

plant are all examples of non-programmed decisions. (Sonia Kukreja 2019).

RELATED STUDIES

Foreign Studies

Decision making is very important in terms of better understanding of oneself.

“Understanding of the decision-making processes could help us in preventing

bad decisions and in stimulating the good ones. Nevertheless there are many factors

that influence decisions and we do not know each one or the totality of their

relationships.” (Polic, 2009).

In the Study Polic, (2009) conclude that “Decision making as one of the most

characteristic human mental activity is shown to us – or

better studies and thinking about it are showing this – as a very complex phenomenon.

The image of the human decision maker is circling between irrationality and bounded

rationality. If classical models of rational (economic) human took him from time and

space, and put him with his decision making, that should be rational, but was not, into

certain abstract frozen space, with the development of knowledge he is gradually

coming back, to find himself in the theories of naturalistic decision making. The image

of the alive concrete human, adapted to his environment, is exchanging its artificial

abstract image.”
 It manifests that people surrounds by a decision maker affects its decision

among the environment that can give a decision maker a guide or a option for what

decision it implied accordingly.

Local Studies

Using decisions in every aspect can take you to failure. Success is built upon

your decision in your life. Simple decision is much better if it is seriously created causes

to have a good decision.

“Decision-making is the logical way of setting one’s mind to choose amidst the

possibilities to satisfy man’s ease. This is true as stated that good decision-making is an

essential skill for career success generally, and effective leadership particularly. It is true

that for an individual to be successful, the person must possess good decision-making.

Every day we make decisions, whether big or small and these decisions can make huge

impacts in our lives. As the person progresses, his or her ability to decide improve.

Failure to make the right decision often leads to downfall. Methodologically speaking,

decision-making is not all fun and games, some deal with people, others deal with

future careers. Graduating high school students face one of the most crucial decisions in

their lives, and that is future career decision. These students face the fact that this

certain adjudication will decide their future. Deciding on which college to attend is not a

“gut reaction”. It requires mature and serious discussion, and may not, despite the long

run, lead to initial choice. However, during this crucial stage in each student’s life, there

are some factors in which results to confusion, and further lead to a mistake (Alba et

al., 2010).”
 The researchers of the study tell that every decision must be accurate and well

done.

Synthesis of the State-of-the-Art

“Decision-making is the logical way of setting one’s mind to choose amidst the

possibilities to satisfy man’s ease. This is true as stated that good decision-making is an

essential skill for career success generally, and effective leadership particularly. It is true

that for an individual to be successful, the person must possess good decision-making.

Every day we make decisions, whether big or small and these decisions can make huge

impacts in our lives. As the person progresses, his or her ability to decide improve.

Failure to make the right decision often leads to downfall. Methodologically speaking,

decision-making is not all fun and games, some deal with people, others deal with

future careers. Graduating high school students face one of the most crucial decisions in

their lives, and that is future career decision. These students face the fact that this

certain adjudication will decide their future. Deciding on which college to attend is not a

“gut reaction”. It requires mature and serious discussion, and may not, despite the long

run, lead to initial choice. However, during this crucial stage in each student’s life, there

are some factors in which results to confusion, and further lead to a mistake (Alba et

al., 2010).”

in the statement there are factors that can be helpful and there are factors that

are not or can cause failures as suggested in decision making. The worst of decision

making is the future career decision which is probably the most important and the case

of having a better future a good decision must be taken perfectly to be successful.

 “Choosing a career path can help you set professional goals and develop a

strategy for getting where you want to be. Part of selecting an appropriate career path

involves making an honest self-evaluation of your talents, skills, and interests. While

elements of your path may change overtime due to choice or circumstance, having an

overall professional objective with; which to guide yourself, will help you make critical

decision with greater clarity, (Albia I. J., et al., 2010)”

Having decision professionally can make a person or a decision maker guided

even in a hard time of decision making. Don’t make a decision that can hold you in a

circumstance. Choose a decision that can help you and improve yourself, talents, skills,

and interest.

In decision making disregards the choices that can lead to failure; specially,

when it is about the future that a person build. In choosing a Strand be wise and make

a choice that match with your talent, skills and interest.

According to the study of Albia, I. J., et al. (2010), “When a career is aligned

with one’s interest, there may have more motivation to devote effort into developing

relevant knowledge and skills, set higher career-related goals, and take actions to

achieve those goals. All of these behaviors can help individuals improve their

performance at work and enhance their career potential”.

CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH DESIGN
 The purpose of this chapter is to explain in detail the research methods and the

methodology implemented for this study. The chapter will explain first of all the choice

the research design, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the research tools

design. In this study methodologies have been used to identify and understand the

“Factors Affecting the Decision Making in Choosing a Strand in Senior High School of

Grade 10 High School Students”.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The researchers use a Correlational Research Design to establish an answer if

“The Factors Affecting the Decision Making in Choosing a Strand in Senior High School

of Grade 10 High School Students of St. Uriel Academy of Taguig City” is relationally

affects the Students in choosing a strand. This design, Correlational research is a type

of non-experimental research method, in which a researcher measures two variables,

understands and assess the statistical relationship between them with no influence from

any extraneous variable. The researchers uses Correlation Research Design to identify

the relationships of two variables; the independent one and the non-independent

variables that may have advantages and disadvantages when the variables have

relationship and related to each other. In Correlational Research Design, researchers

use the Correlational statistical test to describe and measure the degree of association

or relationship between two or more variables or sets of scores. The researchers in this

research do not attempt to control or manipulate the variables as an experiment.

 The Correlational method involves looking at relationships between two or more

variables. While researchers can use correlations to see if a relationship exists, the

variables themselves are not under the control of the researchers (Cherry 2019).

POPULATION, SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

In 36 respondents comes from Grade 10 students represent the Section A with

total of 36. The respondents was chosen by Random Sampling. Simple random

sampling is the basic sampling technique where we select a group of subjects for study

from a larger group or population. “In this case each individual is chosen entirely by

chance and each member of the population has an equal chance, or probability, of

being selected”, Baratt (2009). We use odd numbers in selecting respondents; causes of

22 overall Grade 10 Students’ population.

DATA GATHERING TOOLS

A Survey Questionnaire was use to gather the data that the researchers need. It

will be the main instrument used in this study so we can safely despair some questions.

“A survey is a data gathering method that is utilized to collect, analyze and interpret the

views of a group of people from a target population, (Sincero, 2012)”

The two item questionnaire, the Item I-Checkbox and the Item II-Table that determine

the answer that the researchers needed to be successful in gathering data for the study.

The Item I-Checkbox answers the question for the choices they have for decision

making and factors affecting decision making in choosing strand. The Item II-Table is

for the factors that affect decision making if they are affected by those factors or not.