 nwñVH$mMo Zmd : g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm

 g§nmXH$ d boIH$ : lr. g{MZ amOmam‘ T>dio ga

 ghboIH$ : lr. H$mo‘b {Xbrn Xéao ga

4 Wm _Obm, {ZIrb àmB©S> {~ëS>tJ, {gÜXr{dZm`H$ S>m`qZJÀ`m da,

A{^Zd H$m°boO ~g ñQ>m°n, {Q>iH$ amoS>, gXm{ed noR>, nwUo-30.
_mo. 9773551947,9260400700
Email ID : sdhawale98@gmail.com
Telegram Channel : @t.me/csatsachin

 ‘wÐUñWi$ : Eg. E‘. {à§Q>g© - Zm§XoS> ’$mQ>m, nwUo.

 gwYmarV Amd¥ËVr$ : {ÛVr¶, OmZodmar 2021.

 Aja OwiUr$ : Aja‘wÐm {H«$EeZ, {H$aU nmoQ>o ga, ñdm‘r ga, e§H$a amIo ga.

 {deof ghH$m¶©$ : AmH$me ^mo¶a, à{VH$ dmao, gw{‘V ~moS>Ho$.

< 450
¶m nwñVH$mVrb H$moU˶mhr KQ>H$mMo qH$dm ^mJmMo nwZ‘©wÐZ H$éZ dmna Ho$ë¶mg ¶mo½¶ Vr H$m¶Xoera H$madmB© Ho$br OmB©b.
nwZ‘w©ÐZmMo gd© h³H$ àH$meH$ Am{U boIH$m§H$S>o AmhoV.

gXa nwñVH$m‘ܶo Vwåhmbm H$mhr ÌwQ>r AmT>ië¶mg Amåhmbm H$idmì¶mV ˶mMo Amåhr ñdmJVM H$é d nwT>o ¶oUmè¶m
Amd¥ËVr‘ܶo Pmboë¶m MwH$m§Mr {ZpíMVM gwYmaUm H$é. gd© ‘m{hVr AMyH$ XoʶmMm à¶ËZ Ho$bobm Amho. Var H$mhr ÌwQ>r
ZOaMwH$sZo am{hë¶m Agë¶mg nwñVH$mVrb H$moU˶mhr ‘m{hVrg g§nmXH$, boIH$, àH$meH$ d ‘wÐH$ H$moU˶mhr n[apñWVrV
O~m~Xma amhUma ZmhrV.
 ..... ‘ZmoJV
g{MZ T>dioO² npãbHo$eÝgÀ¶m ~wpX²Y‘ËVm MmMUr Am{U VH©$j‘Vm narjU, H$m°åàohpo Ýgìh MPSC
CSAT 21 gamd àíZg§M, g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm Am{U VH©$j‘Vm gamd àíZg§M VgoM H$m°åàohopÝgìh
MPSC JQ>-~ Am{U JQ>-H$ gamd àíZg§M ¶m nwñVH$m§Zm {dÚm϶mªZr ^a^ê$Z à{VgmX {Xbm. åhUyZM Amåhr
{dÚm϶mªÀ¶m ‘mJUrMm AmXa H$aV ¶m nwñVH$mÀ¶m boIZ àn§Mmg gwê$dmV Ho$br Am{U Vo AmO nyU©Ëdmg Ambo.
Á¶m§À¶m{edm¶ ¶m nwñVH$mMr H$ënZmM H$aUo AdKS> R>aob Vo åhUOo ‘mPo ghboIH$ lr. H$mo‘b Xê$ao ga
¶m§Zr ‘bm ho nwñVH$ V¶ma H$aʶmg gwê$dmVrnmgyZ eodQ>n¶ªV ‘mobmMo ghH$m¶© Ho$bo Amho. ˶m~X²Xb ‘r ˶m§Mm
Iwn-Iwn Am^mar Amho.
‘hmamîQ´>mVrb V‘m‘ {dÚm϶mªZr ‘m¶m ~wpÜX‘Îmm MmMUr d J{UV {eH$dUrbm CËñ’y$V© à{VgmX {Xbm
˶mMoM ’${bV OUy ‘r ‘mJrb 3 dfm©V 50+ ~°Mog ¶eñdr[a˶m nma nmS>ë¶m. ¶m ~°Mgo À¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ
‘hmamîQ´>mVrb hOmamo {dÚmWu ‘m¶m hmVmImbyZ KS>bo AmhoV. nU à˶oH$M {dÚmWu ³bmg bmdy eH$Vmo Ago Zmhr.
nU Oo {dÚmWu ‘mPo Youtube darb ~wpÜX‘Îmm MmMUr d J{UVmMo Video nmhVmV nU Vo nwʶmV ¶ody eH$V ZmhrV
{H$dm H$mhr {dÚmWu ³bmg bmdy eH$V ZmhrV qH$dm ³bmg bmdboë¶m {dÚm϶mªZmhr EImXm g§X^©J«§W Amdí¶H$
hmoVm VgoM amîQ´>r¶ ñVamdarb XO}Xma nwñVH$m§Mr ‘amR>rV gmo߶m ^mfoV Amd¥ËVr Zgë¶m‘wio hOmamo {dÚm϶mªZr ‘bm
‘mJrb 2 Vo 3 dfm©nmgyZ Aem g§X^©J«§WmMr ‘mJUr H$aV hmoVo ˶m§À¶m ‘mJUrbm à{VgmX XodZy ho nwñVH$ {bhm¶bm
KoVbo.
{dÚmWu {‘Ìm§Zmo ¶m nwñVH$mV g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm (J{UV) ¶m {df¶mda AmOn¶ªV UPSC d MPSC
À¶m narjm§‘ܶo {dMmabo Jobb o o gd©M àíZ ñnîQ>rH$aUmgh {Xbo AmhoV. nwñVH$mMr aMZm ‘mÌ à˶oH$ KQ>H$mV gdmªV
AJmoXa Basic to Advance Aer CXmhaUo XodZy KQ>H$ g‘OmdyZ {Xbm Amho. ˶mZ§Va ˶m KQ>H$mda OodT>Ho $mhr Type
(I, II, III, IV...) V¶ma hmoVmV ˶m gd©M Type Mo H$mhr CXmhaUo d ˶m§Mo ñnîQ>rH$aUhr {Xbo AmhoV. ˶mZ§Va ˶mda
^anya gamd àíZ ñnîQ>rH$aUmgh {Xbo AmhoV d gaVoedo Q>r ˶m KQ>H$mda AmOn¶ªV Am¶moJmÀ¶m narjm§‘ܶo Amboëmo
gd©M àíZ d ˶m§Mr ñnîQ>rH$aUo {Xbr AmhoV. AerM aMZm {‘Ìm§Zmo Amåhr à˶oH$ KQ>H$mV Ho$br Amho.
{‘Ìm§Zmo MPSC CSAT Mm nona Agmo qH$dm JQ>-~ d JQ>-H$ Pre/Mains Mm nona Agmo g§»¶mË‘H$
A{^¶mo½¶Vm (J{UV) hm {df¶ Game Changing Factor R>abm Amho. åhUyZ ¶m {df¶mH$S>o ¶mo½¶ ˶m doir
bj {Xë¶mg hm {df¶ gdm©{YH$ ݶm¶ XoUmam R>ê$ eH$Vmo ho ‘r Vyåhmbm AmdOy©Z gm§Jy BpÀN>Vmo.
ho nwñVH$ ‘r ‘hmamï´>mVrb gd© {dÚmWu ~§Yy-^{JZtZm g‘{n©V H$aV Amho.

g{MZ amOmam‘ T>dio

: g§MmbH$ :
Sachin Dhawale’s
Maths & Reasoning Academy, Pune
 AZwH«$‘{UH$m 

H«$. KQ>H$ nm. H«$.

 ‘yb^yV J{UV (Basics of Mathematics) ............................................ 01
Part A : g§»¶m àUmbr
Part B : ~oarO, dOm~mH$s, JwUmH$ma Am{U ^mJmH$ma
Part C : AnyUmªH$

Part D : loT>r

1. b.gm.{d Am{U ‘.gm.{d. (L.C.M. & H.C.F.) ........................................ 52

2. gaiê$n XoUo (Simplification) ........................................................... 70
Part A : VBODMAS Method

Part B : gyÌm§da AmYm[aV J{UVo

3. empãXH$ J{UVo (Verbal Questions) ..........................................96
Part A : EH$ MbmVrb aofr¶ g‘rH$aUo
Part B : XmoZ qH$dm ~hþMbmVrb EH$gm‘m{¶H$ g‘rH$aUo
4. d¶dmar (Ages) ................................................................................... 149
5. gamgar (Average) .............................................................................. 166
6. A§Va - doi - doJ (Distance - Time - Velocity) ................................ 193
Part A : Basics

Part B : Train darb J{UVo

Part C : Train À¶m Logic da AmYm[aV J{UVo
Part D : ~moQ> Am{U àdmh / {d‘mZ Am{U dmam
Part E : g§H$sU© J{UVo
7. H$mi Am{U H$m‘ (Time and Work) .................................................... 239
Part A : EH$‘mZ nÜXV
(춳Vr, {Xdg, Vmg, H$m‘ Am{U nJma/‘Oyar ¶mda AmYm[aV J{UVo)
Part B : XmoZ qH$dm VrZ 춳Vtdarb àíZ
Part C : Zi Am{U Q>mH$s
Part D : g§H$sU© J{UVo
8. eoH$S>odmar, Z’$m Am{U VmoQ>m (Percentage, Profit & Loss) .................... 277
9. ì¶mO (Interest) ................................................................................ 323
Part A : gaiì¶mO

Part B : MH«$dmT>ì¶mO

10. ^mJrXmar (Partnership) .................................................................... 343

11. JwUmoËVa - à‘mU Am{U {‘lUo (Ratio-Proportion & Alligation) ........ 355
12. KmVm§H$ Am{U H$aUr (Indices and Surds) ............................................ 379
13. ^y{‘Vr (Geometry) ........................................................................... 399
Part A : joÌ’$i

Part B : KZ’$i

Part C : g§H$sU© ([ÌH$moU{‘Vr)

14. g§^mì¶Vm, H«$‘m§VaU Am{U g§¶moOZ
(Probability, Permutation & Combination) ............................... 451

15. ‘m{hVr n¥W:H$aU (Data Interpretation)............................................ 478

Part A : Bargraph

Part B : Linegraph

Part C : Piechart

Part D : g§H$sU©
16. g§H$sU© J{UVo (Miscelleneous) ...............................................531
  ‘wb^yV J{UV
(Basics Of Mathematics)
Part A
g§»¶m àUmbr (Number System)
* 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ¶m Xhm A§H$mMm dmna H$ê$Z g§»¶m V¶ma hmoVmV.
g§»¶mÀ¶m A§H$mÀ¶m ñWmZmà‘mUo ˶m§Mr COdrH$Sy>Z S>mdrH$S>o qH$‘V dmT>V OmVo.
CXm.:
AãO XeH$moQ>r H$moQ>r Xebj bj XehOma hOma eVH$ XeH$ EH$H$
1) 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 1
Vo{dg H$moQ>r n§MoMmirg bmI gXþgï> hOma AmR>eo EH$
2) 5 4 9 3 1 7 0 8 1 0
nmM AãO EH$moUnÞmg H$moQ>r EH$Vrg bmI gÎma hOma AmR>eo Xhm
3) 0 0 0 9 1 5 5 7 5 8
E³¶mÊUd bmI n§ƒmdZ hOma gmVeo AR²>R>mdÝZ
 ñWm{ZH$ qH$‘V (Place Value) : {Xboë¶m g§»¶oVrb A§H$m§À¶m ñWmZmdê$Z R>aUmar qH$‘V åhUOo "ñWm{ZH$ {H$‘§V'
hmo¶.
CXm.:
1) 1564 ¶m g§»¶o ‘ܶo,
4 Mr ñWm{ZH$ qH$‘V = 4, 6 Mr ñWm{ZH$ qH$‘V = 60, 5 Mr ñWm{ZH$ qH$‘V = 500, 1 Mr ñWm{ZH$ qH$‘V
= 1000
 Xe©Zr qH$‘V (Face Value) : g§»¶o‘Yrb A§H$mMr ‘yi qH$‘V qH$dm {XgVmjUr AgUmar qH$‘V åhUOoM "Xe©Zr
qH$‘V' hmo¶.
CXm.:
1) 2897 ¶m g§»¶o ‘ܶo,
7 Mr Xe©Zr qH$‘V = 7, 9 Mr Xe©Zr qH$‘V = 9, 8 Mr Xe©Zr qH$‘V = 8, 2 Mr Xe©Zr qH$‘V = 2
143 ¶m g§»¶o‘ܶo, 4 Mr ñWm{ZH$ qH$‘V = 40, 4 Mr Xe©Zr qH$‘V = 4
 {dñVmarV ê$n :
CXm.: 1) 786 = 7×100 + 8×10+6
2) 1359 = 1×1000+3×100+5×10+9
3) 58342 = 5×10000+8×1000+3×100+4×10+2
 g§»¶m aofm (Number Line) :

. . . - 7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7...
g§»¶maofoV COdrH$S>o A§H$m§Mr qH$‘V dmT>V OmVo Am{U S>mdrH$S>o A§H$m§Mr qH$‘V H$‘r hmoV OmVo.
g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm 1
 A
(Basics Of Mathematics)
‘wb^yV J{UV

g§»¶mMo àH$ma (Types of Numbers)

dmñVd g§»¶m Am^mgr g§»¶m OQ>rb g§»¶m

(Real Numbers) (Imaginary Numbers) (Complex Numbers)

n[a‘o¶ g§»¶m An[a‘o¶ g§»¶m

(Rational Numbers) (Irrational Numbers)

nyUmªH$ g§»¶m AnyUmªH$ g§»¶m

(Integer Numbers) (Fraction Numbers)

N>oXm{YH$ A§em{YH$ nyUmªH$¶w³V Xem§e

AnyUmªH$ AnyUmªH$ AnyUmªH$ AnyUmªH$
(Proper (Improper (Mixed (Decimal
Fraction) Fraction) Fraction) Fraction)

nyU© Z¡g{J©H$ F$U

g§»¶m g§»¶m g§»¶m
(Whole (Natural (Negative
Numbers) Numbers) Numbers)

BVa g§»¶m àH$ma

‘yi g§¶ºw $ {df‘ g‘
g§»¶m g§»¶m g§»¶m g§»¶m 1) {ÌH$moUr g§»¶m
(Prime (Composite (Odd (Even 2) Mm¡ag g§»¶m
Numbers) Numbers) Numbers) Numbers)

2 g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm
 (Basics Of Mathematics)
3 3 2 6
CXm.: 1) = =
‘wb^yV J{UV

Part C 4 4 2 8
AnwUmªH$ 15 15  3 5
2) = =
21 21  3 7
2
* AnyUmªH$ (Fraction) : ¶m g§»¶oVrb 2 bm A§e * nyUmªH$¶w³V AnyUmªH$ ( Improper Fractions) :
3
(Numerator) Am{U 3 bm N>oX (Denominator)  A§em{YH$ AnyUmªH$ {Xbm Agob, Va A§embm N>oXmZo
Ago åhUVmV. à˶j ^mJyZ ˶mMo ê$nm§Va nyUmªH$¶w³V AnyUmªH$m§V H$aVm
* N>o X m{YH$ Any U mª H $ (Proper Fraction) : ¶oVo.
AnyUmªH$m‘ܶo N>oX hm A§emnojm ‘moR>m Agob, Va ˶mg 23 3 16 1
N>oXm{YH$ AnyUmªH$ Ago åhUVmV. CXm.: 1) =4 2) =5
5 5 3 3
2 4 1 3 3 1
CXm.: , , B˶mXr. darb CXmhaUmVrb 4 åhUOoM 4+ Am{U 5
3 5 3 5 5 3
* A§em{YH$$ AnyUmªH$ (Improper Fraction) : 1
AnyUmªH$m‘ܶo A§e hm N>oXmnojm ‘moR>m Agob, Va ˶mg åhUOoM 5+ hmo¶.
3
A§em{YH$ AnyUmªH$ Ago åhUVmV.
1) AnwUmªH$m§Mr ~oarO Am{U dOm~mH$s
5 8 13
CXm.: , , B˶mXr.
3 7 5
Type - I : nm¶m / N>oX g‘mZ AgVm§Zm
* g‘ÀN>oX AnyUmªH$ : AnyUmªH$m§Mo N>oX g‘mZ AgVrb
Va ˶m§Zm g‘ÀN>oX AnyUmªH$ Ago åhUVmV. gmoS>dbobr CXmhaUo

3 7 5 5 11
CXm.: , , B˶mXr. 1) + =?
2 2 2 2 2
 g‘ÀN>oX AnyUmªH$m§Mr ~oarO qH$dm dOm~mH$s H$aVmZm 16
= =8
’$³V ˶m§À¶m A§emMr ~oarO qH$dm dOm~mH$s Ho$br 2
OmVo. N>oX VgmM amhVmo.
17 29
4 8 48 12 2) - =?
CXm. 1) + = = =4 3 3
3 3 3 3
17  29  12
8 3 83 5 = = = -4
2) - = = =1 3 3
5 5 5 5
 41 26
* g‘‘yë¶ AnyUmªH$ (Equivalent Fractions) : 3) + =?
5 5
H$moU˶mhr AnyUmªH$m§Mm A§e Am{U N>oX ¶m§Zm g‘mZ
g§»¶oZo ^mJë¶mg g‘‘yë¶ AnyUmªH$ {‘iVmo.  41 26  15
= = = -3
5 5
 AnyUmªH$m§Mo N>oX g‘mZ ZgVrb, Va ˶m§Mm N>oX g‘mZ
H$aʶmgmR>r åhUOoM g‘ÀN>oX ê$n XoʶmgmR>r hr {H«$¶m  16 32
4) - =?
Cn¶w³V R>aVo. 3 3

18 g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm
 (Basics Of Mathematics)

¶m KQ>H$mda Am¶moJmZo {dMmabobo àíZ 5) 280 àíZn{ÌH$m§À`m JR²>R>çmMr OmS>r 3.6 go_r Amho.
‘wb^yV J{UV

Va 630 àíZn{ÌH$m§À`m JR²>R>çmMr OmS>r {H$Vr?

1) 0.004  0.5 = ? (PSI nyd©-2012) (PSI nyd©-2012)
1) 0.00020 2) 0.0020 1) 8.0 go_r. 2) 8.1 go_r
3) 0.0200 4) 0.2000 3) 7.8 go_r. 4) 7.5 go_r
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 2 ñnîQ>rH$aU : * CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 2 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
0.004  0.5 280  3.6
630  x
 0.0020 280 x x = 630 x 3.6

2) (15 - 2)2 = ? (PSI nyd©-2012) 630x3.6

x=
280
1) 221 2) 169
x = 8.1
3) 13 4) `mn¡H$s Zmhr
69.696
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 2 ñnîQ>rH$aU : 6) Oa 484  144 = 69696, Va =?
14.4
 (13)2 (PSI nyd©-2012)
1) 2.2 2) 2.22 3) 4.84 4) 48.4
 169
3) Imcrcn¡H$s H$moUVr g§»`m nyU© dJ© Amho? * CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 1 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
(PSI nyd©-2012) 69.696
14.4
1) 6242 2) 6248 3) 6241 4) 6243
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 3 ñnîQ>rH$aU : 69696
=
2
79 = 6241 14400

4) EH$m g_mOgodr g§KQ>ZoZo 43.7 {H$cmo Vm§Xÿi 12 é. 484144

àVr {H$cmo øm XamZo {dH$V KoVcm. Ë`m§Zr Vmo 152 =
14400
Jar~ cmoH$m§_Ü`o g_à_mUmV dmQ>cm. Va àË`oH$
484
ì`ŠVrcm {_imcoë`m Vm§XÿimMr qH$_V {H$Vr? =
100
(PSI nyd©-2012)
22
1) 30.40 é. 2) 3.45 é. = = 2.2
10
3) 12.60 é. 4) 16.80 é. 7) O{VZZo 1,570 é. dmM{dco. g{dVmZo O{VZnojm
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 2 ñnîQ>rH$aU : 1,936 é. OmñV dmM{dco. Va Ë`m§Zr EHy$U {H$Vr
43.7  12 = 524.4 én`o dmM{dco? (PSI nyd©-2012)
524.4 1) 3506 2) 5076 3) 4567 4) 8576
  3.45
152
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 2 ñnîQ>rH$aU :

34 g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm

1 (L.C.M. & H.C.F.)
Basics
* {d^mOH$ (Divisors) : EImXçm g§»¶obm Á¶m-Á¶m
g§»¶m§Zr ^mJ OmVmo, ˶m gd© g§»¶m§Zm ˶m g§»¶oMo
"{d^mOH$' Ago åhUVmV.
* CXm. 12 g§»¶obm  2, 3, 4, 6 Am{U 12 ¶m
g§»¶m§Zr ^mJ OmVmo.
 12 Mo {d^mOH$ = 2, 3, 4, 6 d 12
* {d^mÁ¶ (Multiples) : EImXçm g§»¶oZo Á¶m-Á¶m
g§»¶m§Zm ^mJ OmVmo, ˶m gd© g§§»¶m§Zm {Xboë¶m g§»¶oMo
"{d^mÁ¶' AmhoV Ago åhUVmV.
* CXm. 2 À¶m {d^mÁ¶ g§»¶m = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, ....
* ‘gm{d
 12 Mo {d^mOH$ = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
 24 Mo {d^mOH$ = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24
 darb CXmhaUmV 12 Am{U 24 Mo gm‘mB©H$ {d^mOH$
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 ho AmhoV Am{U ¶m§n¡H$s 12 hm
gdm©V ‘moR>m gm‘mB©H$ {d^mOH$ Amho. åhUyZ ˶mg
{Xboë¶m g§»¶m§Mm ‘.gm.{d. åhUOoM ‘hËV‘ gm‘m{¶H$
{d^mOH$ H.C.F. (Highest Common Factor) Ago
åhUVmV.
* bgm{d
 3 À¶m {d^mÁ¶ g§»¶m = 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, ............
 4 À¶m {d^mÁ¶ g§»¶m = 4, 8, 12, 16, 20,
...........
 darb CXmhaUmV 3 Am{U 4 À¶m gm‘mB©H$ {d^mÁ¶
g§»¶m 12, 24, 36, ...... ¶m AmhoV Am{U ¶m§n¡H$s
12 hr gdm©V bhmZ gm‘mB©H$ {d^mÁ¶ g§»¶m Amho
åhUyZ 12 ¶m g§»¶obm 3 Am{U 4 ¶m g§»¶m§Mm b.gm.{d.
qH$dm bKwËV‘ gmYmaU {d^mÁ¶ L.C.M. (Least
Common Multiple) Ago åhUVmV.
 {Xboë¶m XmoZ qH$dm ˶mnojm OmñV g§»¶m§Mm ‘.gm.{d.
Am{U b.gm.{d. H$mT>ʶmgmR>r nwT>rb XmoZ nX²YVtMm
52
A
b.gm.{d. Am{U ‘.gm.{d
àm‘w»¶mZo dmna Ho$bm OmVmo.
1) ‘yi Ad¶d nX²YV : (Prime Factorization
Method)
* ¶m nX²YVrV {Xboë¶m g§»¶m§Zm ˶m§À¶m ‘yi Ad¶dm§À¶m
JwUmH$mamÀ¶m ñdénmV {b{hVmV. ˶mZ§Va ˶m g§»¶m§À¶m
gm‘mB©H$ Ad¶dm§Mm JwUmH$ma åhUOoM ‘.gm.{d. hmo¶.
* VgoM ˶m g§»¶m§Mo gm‘mB©H$ Ad¶d Am{U Agm‘mB©H$
Ad¶d ¶m§Mm JwUmH$ma åhUOoM b.gm.{d. hmo¶.
* CXm. 12 d 30 Mm ‘gm{d Am{U bgm{d {H$Vr?
 12 Mo ‘yi Ad¶d = 2 × 2 × 3
 3 Mo ‘yi Ad¶d = 2 × 3 × 5
 gm‘mB©H$ Ad¶d = 2 d 3 (EH$m OmoS>rgmR>r EH$M
Ad¶d ¿¶mdm)
 Agm‘mB©H$ Ad¶d = 2 d 5
 ‘.gm.{d.
= gm‘mB©H$ Ad¶dm§Mm JwUmH$ma
= 2×3 = 6 Am{U
b.gm.{d
= gm‘mB©H$ Ad¶dm§Mm JwUmH$ma × Agm‘mB©H$ Ad¶dm§Mm
JwUmH$ma
= 2×3×2×5 = 60
2) gm‘mB©H$ ‘yi Ad¶dmZo ^mJ XoUo nX²YV : (Division
By Common Prime Factor)
* gd© à W‘ {Xbo ë ¶m g§ » ¶m Imbrb Mm¡ H $Q>r‘ܶo
XmI{dë¶mà‘mUo ‘m§Sy>Z ¿¶mì¶mV.
* {Xboë¶m gd© g§»¶m§Zm 2 nmgyZ gwê$ H$ê$Z EH$mM
g§»¶oZo ^mJmdo.
* Á¶m g§»¶oZo ^mJ {Xbm Vr g§»¶m S>mdrH$S>o {bhmdr d
Ambobm ^mJmH$ma {Xboë¶m g§»¶m§À¶m AJXr Imbr
{bhmdm.
* Omon¶ªV {Xboë¶m g§»¶m§Zm EH$mM g§»¶oZo ^mJ OmB©b
Vmon¶ªV ^mJmH$ma H$amdm Am{U Aem àH$mao S>mdrH$S>o
Amboë¶m gd© g§»¶m§Mm EH${ÌV JwUmH$ma H$amdm hm
JwUmH$ma åhUOoM ‘.gm.{d. hmo¶.
g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm
b.gm.{d. Am{U ‘.gm.{d
(L.C.M. & H.C.F.)

(n`m©`-1)  {MÌnQ> AmñdmX = 5, 4) XmoZ _w§½`m§Zr A q~XÿnmgyZ EH$Ì gwédmV Ho$cr. EH$
Mm¡agmH$ma gr_odéZ Va Xþgar Am`VmH$ma gr_odéZ
nwñVH$ dmMZ = 4
`mà_mUo g_mZ JVrZo Mmcy cmJë`m. nw Ý hm
 LCM of 5  4  20 ^oQ>Ê`mgmR>r Ë`m§À`mn¡H$s àË`oH$scm go_r _Ü`o Mmcmdo
180 cmJUmao {H$_mZ A§Va {ZdS>m.
  9 {Xdg EH$Ì ^oQ>Vrb. åhUyZ n¶m©¶ 1 ¶mo½¶
20 (ASO nyd©-2012)
(n`m©`-2) 

 LCM  2  3  5  2  60

180
1) 36 2) 15 3) 6 4) 9
  3  gd© JQ> 3 {Xdg EH$Ì ^oQ>Vrb.
60 * CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 1 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
åhUyZ n¶m©¶ 2 ¶mo½¶ Mm¡ag = 3+3+3+3 = 12
(n`m©`-3)  {MÌnQ> AmñdmX = 5; ~mJH$m_ = 2 Am`V = 5+4+5+4 = 18
nwñVH$ dmMZ = 4 LCM of 12 and 18
LCM of 5, 2, 4

LCM = 2× 5× 1× 2 = 20 LCM = 6  2  3 = 36

180  nwÝhm ^oQ>ʶmgmR>r ˶m§À¶mn¡H$s à˶oH$ ‘w§Jrbm 36 go‘r

  9 {Xdg EH$Ì ^oQ>Vrb. Mmbmdo bmJbo.
20
åhUyZ n¶m©¶ 3 A¶mo½¶ 5) EH$ g§»¶m 4 Zo dmT>{dë¶mg Vmo 4, 12, 34, 51 ¶m
g§»¶m§Mm b.gm.{d. Amho Va Vr g§»¶m H$moUVr?
3) Oa XmoZ g§»`m§Mm JwUmH$ma 2160 Amho d Ë`m§Mm
_.gm.{d. 12 Amho Va c.gm.{d. ..... (Tax Asst. ‘w»¶-2018)
(STI ‘w»¶-2012) 1) 136 2) 170 3) 154 4) 200
1) 60 2) 96 3) 180 4) 36 * CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 4 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 3 ñnîQ>rH$aU : 2 4 12 34 51
XmoZ g§»`m§Mm JwUmH$ma = _gm{d  bgm{d 2 2 6 17 51
2160 = 12  x 3 1 3 17 51
17 1 1 17 17
2160
= x 1 1 1 1
12
180 = x  bgm{d = 2×2×3×17×1×1×1×1

66 g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm
 2 gaiê$n XoUo (Simplification)
Part A = -13+4 = 15+7
(VBODMAS METHOD) =-9 = 22

* VBODMAS ¶m eãXmMo g§{já ê$n * Type I : gamdmgmR>r àíZ

Set I 1) V = Vinaculum (aoKrH§$g) 1) 17  152  (19) = ?

2) B = Bracket (H§$g) 1) 25 2) 9
3) O = Of (CnH§$g) 3)  25 4)  9
Set II 1) D = Division () 2) 43 + 128  16 = ?
2) M = Multiplication (×) 1)  35 2) 51
Set III 1) A = Addition (+) 3) 50 4) 36
2) S = Subtraction (-) 3) 13 + 17 × (7) = ?
1) 132 2) 115
* Note :
3) 106 4) 89
1) H$moUVohr g‘rH$aU gmoS>dVm§Zm ˶m g‘rH$aUmV gd©
àW‘ Set II ‘Yrb ,× hrM {MÝho àW‘ gmoS>dmdr 4) (18) + 14 × 6 = ?
Am{U ˶mZ§VaM +,- hr Set III ‘Yrb {MÝho 1) 102 2)  24
gmoS>dmdrV. 3) 38 4) 66
2) EImXçm g‘rH$aUmV Set I ‘Yrb H§$g Amë¶mg 5) 15  45 (9) = ?
gd©àW‘ Vmo H§$gM gmoS>dmdm na§Vw Vmo gmoS>dVm§Zm 1) 20 2)  10
darb {Z¶‘ Follow H$amdm.
3) 38 4)  2

Type I : gmoS>dbobr CXmhaUo 6) 6 + [-1] + 2 - [-1] = ?

1) 10 2) 8
1) 12+4×5 = ? 2) -17+12×2 = ?
3) 9 4) 15
12+4×5 -17+12×2
= 12+20 = -17+24 Type I : gamd àíZ ñnï>rH$aU
= 32 =7
1) CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 1
3) 8+11×(-4) = ? 4) 27+568 = ?
* 17-152(-19)
8+11×(-4) 27+568
= 17+15219
= 8-44 = 27+7 = 17+8
= -36 = 34 = 25
5) -13-32(-8) = ? 6) 15-119-17) = ? 2) CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 2
-13-32-8) 15-119-17) * 43+12816

70 g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm
 (Simplification)
gaiê$n XoUo
3. 15  9  4  14  2  ? 
Type X : gamd àíZ ñnï>rH$aU
 6 18  2
1) CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 1  6  9
a) 13-6×3+124> > -5  54
= 13-18+3> > -5
Part B
= -5+3> > -5
= -2> > -5 (¶mo½¶) gwÌm§da AYm[aV J{UVo
b) 10-4×3+155> < -3 * Basic Formulae :
= 10-12+155> < -3
1) (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
= -2+3> < -3
2) (a - b)2 = a2 - 2ab + b2
= 1> < -3 (A¶mo½¶)
3) (a - b) (a + b) = a2 - b2
 n¶m©¶ (1) ¶mo½¶
4) (a + b) (a2 - ab + b2) = a3 + b3
2) CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 3 5) (a - b) (a2 + ab + b2) = a3 - b3
a) 20-5×2+3-189> > 8 6) (a + b)3 = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3
= 20-10+3-2> > 8 7) (a - b)3 = a3 - 3a2b + 3a2b - b3
= 10+3-2> > 8 * Other Formulae :
= 13-2> > 8 1)(a + b)2 + (a - b)2
= 11 > 8 (¶mo½¶) = a2 + 2ab + b2 + a2 - 2ab + b2
b) 30-10×2+4-126> < 15 = 2a2 + 2b2
= 30-20+4-2> < 15 = 2(a2 + b2)
= 10+4-2> < 15  (a + b)2 + (a - b)2 = 2 (a2 + b2)
= 14-2> < 15
2) (a + b)2 - (a - b)2
= 12> < 15 (¶mo½¶)
= a2 + 2ab + b2 - a2 + 2ab - b2
 n¶m©¶ (3) XmoÝhr ¶mo½¶
= 4ab
3) CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 2  (a + b)2 - (a - b)2 = 4ab
3  11 ( 4)  18  ( 3)  41
3  44  6  41 gmoS>dbobr CXmhaUo
53  41
1) 29×29+58×26+26×26
* NOTE : aoKrH§$g a × a + 2ab + b×b = (a2 + b2)
=(29+26)2
1. 8  5 ×3 = (55)2
= 13×3 = 3025
= 39
2) 34×34+68×23+23×23
2. 10  6 × 8  12 2 a × a + 2ab + b×b = (a2 + b2)
= 4×202 =(34+23)2
= 802 = (57)2
= 40 = 3249
g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm 81
 (Simplification)
gaiê$n XoUo
¶m KQ>H$mda Am¶moJmZo {dMmabobo àíZ 4) Oa {Xcocr {MÝho + d  Am{U A§H$ 2 d 4 `m§À`mV
AXcm~Xc Ho$cr Va Imcrcn¡H$s H$moUVo g_rH$aU
~amo~a Amho? (PSI ‘w»¶-2012)
Part A
(1) 2 + 4  3 = 3 (2) 4 + 2  6 = 1.5
1) Imcr {Xcoë`m g_rH$aUm§_Ü`o + d  hr {MÝho (3) 4  2 + 3 = 4 (4) 2 + 4  6 = 8
VgoM 2 Am{U 4 øm g§»`m§Mr AXcm~Xc Ho$cr Va * CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 4 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
H$moUVo g_rH$aU ~amo~a `oB©c?
2 46  8
(PSI nyd©-2012)
426 8
(1) 2 + 4  3 = 3
26 8
(2) 4 + 2  6 = 1.5 88
(3) 4  2 + 3 = 2
5) Imcrc g_rH$aU ~amo~a `oÊ`mgmR>r H$moUVr XmoZ
(4) 2 + 4  6 = 8 J{UVr` {MÝho AmnmngmV ~XcUo Amdí`H$ Amho?
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 4 ñnîQ>rH$aU : (STI nyd©-2013)
2+4  6=8 12  2 - 6  3 + 8 = 16
4  2+6=8
(1)  d + (2) - d +
2+6=8
(3)  d + 4)  d 
8=8
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 2 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
2) 9 + 9  9 - 9  9 Mr qH$_V ....... Amho.
(- d + ¶m§Mr AXbm~Xb Ho$ë¶mg)
(PSI nyd©-2013)
(1) 89 (2) 79 (3) 161 (4) 81 12  2  6  3  8  16
12  2  6  3  8  16
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 1 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
6  18  8  16
9  99  9 9 24  8  16
 9  81  1 16  16
 9  80
6) Oa 54 - [82-(73-(15-*))]= 37 Va ‘*’ ~amo~a
 89
{H$Vr? (STI ‘w»¶-2012)
3) Oa 3  2 = -26, 6  4 = -40 Am{U 5  7 (1) 17 (2) 7 (3) -7 (4) -17
= -22 Agoc Va 4  2 = ?
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 2 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
(PSI nyd©-2014)
(1) -34 (2) -43 (3) -36 (4) -42 54-[82-(73-(15-*))] = 37
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 1 ñnîQ>rH$aU :  54-[82-(73-(15-*)] = 37
3  2  06  32  26  54  [82  73  15  *]  37
6  4  24  64  40  54  24  *  37
5  7  35  57  22 *  37  30
4  2  8  42  34 *  7

g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm 89
 (Verbal Questions)
empãXH$ J{UVo (Verbal Questions)
empãXH$ J{UVoo

3
3) -7x=28 4) -7x=-28
Part A
EH$ MbmVrb aofr¶ g‘rH$aUo 28  28
x= x=
7 7
(Linear Equation in One Variable)
 x = -4 x = 4

Basic Type III

Mb (Veriable) x x
ghJwUm§H$ 4x + 5 = 8 1) =8 2) =-8
5 5
(Coefficient) x = 8×5 x = -8×5
pñWam§H$  x = 40  x = -40
(Constant)
x x
3) =8 4) = -8
5 5
Type I x = 8×(-5) x = -8×-5
 x = -40  x = +40
1) x+11=17 2) x+29=17
x = 17-11 x = 17-29 Note : Mbmgmo ~ V Jw UmH$ma H$aUmar g§ » ¶m Xþ gè¶m
 x = 6  x = -12 ~mOybm Zoë¶mg Vr g§»¶m ^mJmH$ma H$aVo VgoM
Mbmgmo~V ^mJmH$ma H$aUmar g§»¶m Xþgè¶m
3) x+34=-24 4) x-15=21
~mOybm JwUmH$ma H$aVo na§Vw Vgo H$aVm§Zm ˶m
x = -24-34 x = 21+15 g§»¶oMo {MÝh ~XbV Zmhr.
 x = -58  x = 36 Note : 1) Oa -x=5, Va x=-5
5) x-43=-63 6) x-89=-54 2) Oa -x=-5, Va x=5
x = -63+43 x = -54+89
 x = -20  x = +35 Type IV

Note : Mbmgmo~V ~oarO AWdm dOm~mH$s H$aUmao EImXo x 3 x 7

nX Xþgè¶m ~mOybm Zoë¶mg ˶mMo {MÝh ~XbVo. 1) = 2) =
2 4 5 8
(+ Mo -Am{U - Mo +)
3 75
x = ×2 x =
4 8
Type II
3 35
1) 7x=28 2) 7x=-28  x = x=
2 8
28  28
x = x= 1 3
7 7  x=1 or 1.5 x= 4
2 8
x = 4  x = -4

96 g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm
 (Verbal Questions)
empãXH$ J{UVoo
¶m KQ>H$mda Am¶moJmZo {dMmabobo àíZ 3) EH$m g§»`ocm 8 Zo JwUco AgVm Ë`mÀ`m `oUmè`m
CÎmam_Ü`o Oa 99 {_i{dco Va A§{V_ CÎma 171 `oVo.
Part A Va Vr g§»`m H$moUVr? (PSI nyd©-2012)
(1) 8 (2) 9 (3) 10 (4) 7
1) EH$m g§»`oMr 7 nQ> d 4 nQ> `m§Mr ~oarO 66 Amho Va
Ë`m g§»`oÀ`m VodT>çmM nQ>rÀ`m g§»`m§Mr dOm~mH$s * CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 2 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
{H$Vr hmoB©c? (PSI nyd©-2012) 8x + 99 = 171
(1) 16 (2) 24 (3) 22 (4) 18 8x = 171-99
8x = 72
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 4 ñnîQ>rH$aU : x=9
g‘Om Vr g§»¶m x ‘mZy 4) g{MZ, gohdmJ d YmoZr `m§Zr {_iyZ 228 Ymdm Ho$ë`m.
 7 x  4 x  66 Oa gohdmJ Zo YmoZrnojm 12 Ymdm OmñV Ho$ë`m d
x (7  4)  66 YmoZrZo g{MZnojm 9 Ymdm H$_r Ho$ë`m AgVrc Va
11x  66 g{MZZo {H$Vr Ymdm Ho$ë`m?
x6 ( PSI nyd©-2013)
7x-4x
(1) 81 (2) 82 (3) 75 (4) 78
= 3x
= 3(6) = 18 * CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 4 ñnîQ>rH$aU :

2) 80 `m g§»`oMo Mma ^mJ Ago nmS>m H$s n{hë`m_Ü`o Se  D  12

3 {_i{dco, Xþgè`m_YyZ 3 dOm Ho$co. {Vgè`mcm 3 D=S9
Zo JwUco d Mm¡Ï`mcm 3 Zo ^mJco Var gd© CÎmao g_mZ S  Se  D  228
`oVmV. `m Mma ^mJm§n¡H$s gdm©V chmZ ^mJ 5 Amho Va  S + [(S-9)+12 (S-9)] = 228
gdm©V _moR>m ^mJ {H$Vr Agoc? (PSI nyd©-2012) S + S-9+12+S-9 = 228
(1) 45 (2) 50 (3) 55 (4) 60 3S  228  9  12  9
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 1 ñnîQ>rH$aU : 3S  234
x 234
(x+3) + (x-3) + (3x) + ( ) = 80 S
3 3
x S  78
5 x   80
3 5) EH$m g§»`oVyZ 8 dOm H$ê$Z `oUmè`m dOm~mH$scm 8
16x Zo ^mJë`mg ^mJmH$ma 2 `oVmo. Va _yi g§»`oVyZ 4
= 80
3 dOm H$ê$Z `oUmè`m g§»`og 4 Zo ^mJco Va ^mJmH$ma
16x = 240 {H$Vr `oB©c? (PSI nyd©-2013)
240 (1) 24 (2) 5
 x= (3) 6 (4) 12
16
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 2 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
 x = 15
 gdm©V ‘moR>m ^mJ  3 15  45

g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm 111

 (Verbal Questions)
empãXH$ J{UVoo
(4) Zo_H$s g§»`m {ZpíMV H$aÊ`mgmR>r gm_J«r nwaoer 32) nmcgÑí` àmÊ`mMr _mnZo nwT>rcà_mUo {Xcr AmhoV.
Zmhr.
Ë`mÀ`m S>moŠ`mMr cm§~r 7 g|_r Amho. Ë`mMo S>moHo$ d
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 3 ñnîQ>rH$aU : eonQ>r `m§À`m Xaå`mZÀ`m earamMr cm§~r, S>moHo$ d
B¶Îmm 7 dr ‘ܶo EHy$U {dÚmWu = x ‘mZy eonQ>r `m§À`m cm§~rÀ`m ~oaOoBVH$s Amho. eonQ>rMr
H$~È>r = x  30
cm§~r, S>moHo$ Am{U S>moHo$ d eonQ>r `m§À`m Xaå`mZÀ`m
’w$Q>~m°b = x  31
earamÀ`m cm§~rÀ`m {Zå_o, `m§À`m ~oaOoBVH$s Amho.
Imo-Imo = x  31
hm°H$s = x  37 nmcrMr EHy$U cm§~r Xe©dUmam n`m©` {ZdS>m. (JQ>
 x  30  x  31  x  31  x  37  x ~ nyd©-2018)
4 x  129  x (1) _m{hVr Anwar Amho. (2) 63
4 x  x  129 (3) 56 (4) 42
3x  129
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 3 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
EHy$U = x  43
 hm°H$s IoimMm AmZ§X KoUmao = x  37
 43  37 = 6 7
H$~S²>S>r IoimMm AmZ§X KoUmao = x-30
= 43-30
= 13 x+7

1
 H$~È>rMm AmZ§X Z KoUmè¶m {dXçm϶mªÀ¶m
5
1
= 30   6
5
31) EH$m g§»¶oVyZ 5 dOm H$ê$Z 7 Zo ^mJë¶mg CËVa 2
¶oVo, Va ˶m g§»¶oVyZ 4 dOm H$ê$Z 3 Zo ^mJë¶mg
CËVa {H$Vr ¶oB©b? (JQ> H$ nyd©-2019)
1) 5 2) 6 eonyQ> = S>moH$o +
3) 7 4) 8 x7
x 7
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 1 ñnîQ>rH$aU : 2
Vr g§»¶m = x ‘mZy 14  x  7
x
x 5 x4 2
=2  =?
7 3 21  x
x
19  4 15 2
x - 5 = 14 = =5
3 3 2 x  21  x
x = 14 + 5 2 x  x  21
 x = 19 nmb = S>moHo$ + YS> + eonQ>r
7 x7 x

g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm 119

g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm

4 d¶dmar (Ages)
dS>rb = AmB© + 7
gmoS>dbobr CXmhaUo  d{S>c = 30  7  37
1) _ZmoO Am{U dgr_ `m§À`m gÜ`mÀ`m d`mMo JwUmoËVa  ‘wcrÀ¶m OÝ‘mdoir AmB© = 30-10=20 Am{U
3…11 Amho. dgr_, aohmZm nojm 12 dfm©Zo bhmZ d{S>c = 37-10=27
Amho. 7 dfm©Z§Va aohmZmMo d` 85 df} hmoB©b. Va 3) VwfmaÀ`m dS>rcm§Mo gÜ`mMo d` VwfmaÀ`m gÜ`mÀ`m
_ZmoOÀ`m dS>rbm§Mo gÜ`mMo d` {H$Vr Oo _ZmoOnojm d`mÀ`m MmanQ> Amho. 5 dfm©nwdu VwfmaÀ`m dS>rcm§Mo
25 dfmªZr _moR>o AmhoV? d`, VwfmaÀ`m Ë`mdoiÀ`m d`mÀ`m gmVnQ> hmoVo. Va
1) 43 df} 2) 67 df©o VwfmaÀ`m dS>rcm§Mo gÜ`mMo d` {H$Vr?
3) 45 df} 4) 69 df} 1) 84 df© 2) 70 df©
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 1 ñnîQ>rH$aU : 3) 40 df© 4) 35 df©
M 3 * CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 3 ñnîQ>rH$aU :

W 11
 R=85  7 dfm©Z§VaMo d¶ AmO 5 dfm©nydu
W  R  12
W  78  12  gܶmMo d¶ =78 df} Vwfma x x-5
W  66 dS>rb 4x 4x -5
M 3
 
66 11   4 x  5  7  x  5 
11M  3  66 4 x  5  7 x  35
3  66 35  5  7 x  4 x
M
11 30  3x
M  3 6 30
x
M  18 3
 ‘ZmoOÀ¶m d[S>cm§Mo d¶ =18+25=43 df} 10  x
2) EH$m _wcrÀ`m dS>rcm§Mo d` {VÀ`m AmB©À`m d`mnoúmm  VwfmaMo AmOMo d¶ = 10 df}
7 dfmªZr OmñV Amho. Am{U AmB©Mo d` Ë`m _wcrÀ`m VwfmaÀ¶m d{S>cm§Mo AmOMo d¶ = 4 × 10
d`mÀ`m {VßnQ> Amho. Oa Ë`m _wcrMo gÜ`mMo d` = 40 df}
10 df© Agoc. Va Ë`m _wcrÀ`m OÝ_mdoir {VÀ`m 4) AemoH$Mo d` gwaoeÀ`m d`mÀ`m XþnQ>rnojm 5 dfmªZr
dS>rcm§Mo d` {H$Vr hmoVo? H$_r Amho d AO`À`m d`mÀ`m 1/3 nojm 8 dfmªZr
1) 37 df© 2) 32 df© OmñV Amho. Oa gwaoeMo d` 10 df© Agob Va AO`Mo
3) 27 df© 4) 30 df© d` {H$Vr?
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 3 ñnîQ>rH$aU : 1) 15 df© 2) 21 df©
gܶm ‘wcrMo d¶ = 10 3) 37 df© 4) 30 df©
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 2 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
AmB© = 3 × ‘wbJr
* Case - I
 AmB© = 3 10   30 AemoH$ = (2 × gwaoe)-5
g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm 149
d¶dmar (Ages) g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm
Ah‘X + A‘¥Vm = 14 ----------- (2)
¶m KQ>H$mda Am¶moJmZo {dMmabobo àíZ
Ah‘XMo d¶ n¶m©¶ H«$. 4 Zwgma 8 ‘mZy
1) Mma ~{hUtÀ¶m 5 dfm©nwduÀ¶m d¶mMr ~oarO 80 df} * Aj¶ + Ah‘X = 23 ----------- (1)
hmoVr Va AmOnmgyZ 15 dfm©Z§Va ˶m§À¶m d¶mMr ~oarO Aj¶ + 8 = 23
{H$Vr Agob? (PSI ‘w»¶ - 2011) Aj¶ = 23-8
1) 60 2) 100 3) 160 4) 95
 Aj¶ = 15 df}
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 3 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
* 5 dfm©nydu 4 ~{hUtÀ¶m d¶mMr ~oarO * Ah‘X + A‘¥Vm = 14 ----------- (2)
= 80 df} 8 + A‘¥Vm = 14
* AmO, 4 ~{hUtÀ¶m d¶mV Pmbobr dmT> A‘¥Vm = 14-8
= 4 × 5 = 20 df}  A‘¥Vm = 6 df}
 ˶m§À¶m AmOÀ¶m d¶mMr ~oarO * J{UVmV {Xë¶m à‘mUo,
= 80 + 20 = 100 df} A‘¥VmÀ¶m d¶mMr 5 nQ> = Aj¶À¶m d¶mMr XþßnQ>
* 15 dfm©Z§Va ˶m§À¶m d¶mV hmoUmar dmT> 6 × 5 = 15 × 2
= 4 × 15 = 60 df} 30 = 30
 ˶m§À¶m 15 dfm©Z§VaÀ¶m d¶mMr ~oarO LHS = RHS
= 100 df} + 60 df}  Ah‘XMo d¶ = 8 df}
= 160 df} * Method - II
2) Aj¶ Am{U Ah‘X ¶m§À¶m d¶m§À¶m ~oaOoMr Mm¡nQ> Aj¶ + Ah‘X = 23
92 ¶oVo. VgoM Ah‘X Am{U A‘¥Vm ¶m§À¶m d¶mÀ¶m Aj¶ = 23 - Ah‘X
~oaOoMr 3 nQ> 42 ¶oVo. A‘¥VmÀ¶m d¶mMr 5 nQ> hr Ah‘X + A‘¥Vm = 14
Aj¶À¶m d¶mÀ¶m XþßnQ> ¶oVo Va Ah‘XMo d¶ {H$Vr? A‘¥Vm = 14 - Ah‘X
(PSI ‘w»¶ - 2011) * A‘¥Vm × 5 = Aj¶ × 2
1) 15 df} 2) 6 df}
(14-Ah‘X) × 5 = (23-Ah‘X) × 2
3) 18 df} 4) 8 df}
70 - Ah‘X × 5 = 46 - 2 Ah‘X
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 4 nîQ>rH$aU :
24 = 3 Ah‘X
* Method - I
 Ah‘X = 8
Case - I
(Aj¶ + Ah‘X) × 4 = 92 3) EH$m _wcmMo d` Ë`mÀ`m d{S>cm§À`m d`mÀ`m EH$
92 1
(Aj¶ + Ah‘X) = V¥Vr`m§e  3  Amho. 12 dfm©Z§Va Ë`m _wcmMo d`
4  
Aj¶ + Ah‘X = 23 ----------- (1) d{S>cm§À`m d`mÀ`m {Zå_o hmoB©c, Va Ë`m XmoKm§Mo AmOMo
d` {H$Vr? (STI ‘w»¶-2017)
Case - II
(Ah‘X + A‘¥Vm) × 3 = 42 1) 12 d 36 df} 2) 20 d 40 df}
42 3) 8 d 24 df} 4) 17 d 44 df}
(Ah‘X + A‘¥Vm) =
3
160 g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm
g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm

5 gamgar (Average)
3) n{hë`m 6 Z¡g{J©H$ g§»`m§Mr gamgar {H$Vr?
~o{gH$ 1 2  3  4  5  6
gd© g§»¶m§Mr ~oarO  gamgar =
6
gamgar =
EHy$U g§» ¶m
21
Total = = 3.5
6
Average =
Numbers
· Shortcut OR
T
A= First Last
N gamgar =
2
 T = AN
 T = NA ({Q>Zm) 1 6 7
 gamgar = = = 3.5
2 2
Type I
4) n{hë`m 129 Z¡g{J©H$ g§»`m§Mr gamgar {H$Vr?
gmoS>dbobr CXmhaUo
1 129 130
1) EH$m {dÚmÏ`m©cm 4 {df`mV AZwH«$_o 68, 81, 87  gamgar = = = 65
2 2
Am{U 92 JwU {_imco Va Ë`mcm gamgar {H$Vr JwU
{_imco? 5) n{hë`m 5 g_ g§»`m§Mr gamgar {H$Vr?
2  4  6  8  10 30
T  gamgar = = =6
A= 5 5
N

68  81  87  92
6) n{hë`m 6 g_ g§»`m§Mr gamgar {H$Vr?
 gamgar = 2  4  6  8  10  12 42
4
 gamgar = = =7
6 6
328
=
4 Note : n{hë`m ‘N’ g_ g§»`m§Mr gamgar = N + 1
gamgar = 82 JwU {‘imbo.
7) n{hë`m 5 {df_ g§»`m§Mr gamgar {H$Vr?
2) n{hë`m 5 Z¡g{J©H$ g§»`m§Mr gamgar {H$Vr?
1 3  5  7  9 25
1 2  3  4  5  gamgar = = =5
 gamgar = 5 5
5
8) n{hë`m 6 {df_ g§»`m§Mr gamgar {H$Vr?
15
= =3 1  3  5  7  9  11 36
5  gamgar = = =6
6 6

Note : n{hë`m ‘N’ {df_ g§»`m§Mr gamgar = ‘N’

166 g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm

gamgar (Average) g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm

¶m KQ>H$mda Am¶moJmZo {dMmabobo àíZ 4) Oa A Am{U B `m XmoZ g§»`m§Mr gamgar (_Ü`)

20 Amho. B d C `m§Mr gamgar 19, VgoM C d
1) 15, 7, 16, 8 Am{U k ¶m§À¶m ~oaoOoMr gamgar 13 A Mr gamgar 21 Amho Va A Mr qH$_V H$m`?
¶oV Agob Va k Mr qH$‘V {H$Vr? (PSI nyd©-2011) (PSI nyd©-2013)
1) 19 2) 25 3) 17 4) 30 1) 24 2) 22 3) 20 4) 18
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 1 ñnîQ>rH$aU : * CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 2 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
15  7  16  8  k A B
 A=   20  A  B  40
5 2
15  7  16  8  k BC
13 =   19  B  C  38
5 2
65 = 46 k
AC
k = 65 - 46   21  A  C  42
2
 k = 19
 2 A  2 B  2C  40  38  42
2) EH$m dJm©Vrc 40 {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m d`mMr gamgar 10
2( A  B  C )  120
df} Amho. Oa {ejH$mMo d` {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m d`mV
{_i{dco Va gamgar 11 `oV.o Va {ejH$mMo d` {H$Vr? 120
A B C 
(PSI nyd©-2012) 2
1) 51 df} 2) 50 df} 3) 48 df} 4) 45 df}
A  B  C  60
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 1 ñnîQ>rH$aU :

= 40 × 10 = 400
A  38  60
= 41 × 11 = 451
 451 - 400 = 51 df} A  60  38

3) EH$ {Xdgr` Am§Vaamï´>r¶ {H«$Ho$Q> IoimV amhÿc `mMr A  22

5 S>mdmVrc gamgar Ymd g§»`m 97 Amho. H$moUË`mhr 5) 16 dñVy§Mo gamgar dOZ 32 AmT>ico. nwÝhm VnmgUr
Ho$cr, Voìhm XmoZ dñVy§Mo dOZ AZwH«$_o 34 Am{U 26
S>mdmV Ë`mMr Ymdg§»`m 82 nojm H$_r Zmhr. Va
À`m EodOr 24 Am{U 16 Ago Zm|Xdcoco AmT>ico.
Hww$R>ë`mhr EH$m S>mdmV OmñVrV OmñV Ymd g§»`m {H$Vr {Xcoë`m n`m©`m§VyZ AMyH$ gamgar {ZdS>m.
Agy eHo$c? (PSI nyd©-2013) (PSI nyd©-2016)
1) 172 2) 157 3) 98 4) 118 1) 29.50 2) 33 3) 33.25 4) 32.50
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 2 ñnîQ>rH$aU : * CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 3 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
Case I : Case I : Case I :
R = AM 82+82+82+82+x = 485 T = NA
R = 97 x 5 328 + x = 485 T  16  32
R = 485 x = 485 - 328 = 157 T  512

186 g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm

 A§Va - doi - doJ
6 (Distance - Time - Velocity)
(3) 240 min = ? Hr
PART A (Basics)
240
= Hr
1) A§Va (Distance) 60
1 km = 1000 m = 4 Hr
1 (4) 135 min
1m = km = 0.001 Km
1000 135
=
CXm. : 60
(1) 3.74 km = ?m
9
= 3.74  1000m = Hr
4
= 3740 m
(2) 12.98 Km = ?m 1
=2 Hr
4
= 12.98  1000m
= 12980 m 3) doJ (Velocity)
(3) 800m = ? km km 1km 1000m 5m
1 = = =
800 Hr 1Hr 3600sec 18 sec
= km
1000 km 5 m
 1 =
= 0.8 km Hr 18 s
2) doi (Time)
1 Hr = 60 min m 18 km
 1 =
1 Min = 60 sec sec 5 Hr
1 Hr = 3600 sec
CXm. :
CXm. :
km m km m
5 (1) 90 =? (2) 63 =?
(1) Hr = ? min Hr sec Hr sec
2
5 5
5 = 90  = 63 
=  60 min 18 18
2
= 150 min 5
= 5 5 = 7
2
7
(2) Hr = ? min
4 m 35 m
= 25 =
sec 2 sec
7
=  60 min
4 m Km
(3) 30 =?
= 7  15 min sec Hr
= 105 min 18
= 30 
5

g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm 193

 (Distance - Time - Velocity)
A§Va - doi - doJ

 V = 2×18 = 36 Km/Hrs Type II

6) CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 2 EH$ Q´>oZ {VÀ`m _mJm©Vrc ~moJXm (Tunnel),
D  TV ßb°Q>’$m°‘© (Platform), nyb (Bridge), ZXr (River),
x  TV Jmd (Village) B. cm§~ {R>H$mZo Amocm§Sy>Z OmVmZm.
5 Concept :
x  72  8 
18
x  48 5
x  160m x y

7) CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 1 v

y x
 A = 25 Sec
 B = 75 Sec
B Formulae :
 A=
2  D = TV
 2A = B x + y = TV
Case-I Case-II x = Q´>oZ Mr cm§~r
D = TV1 D = TV2 y = cm§~ dñVyMr cm§~r (ßb°Q>’$m°‘©, ~«rO)

A = 25V1 B = 75V2 V = Q´>oZ Mm doJ

A 25V1 Type II
= 75V
B 2 gmoS>dbobr CXmhaUo

A 25V1 1) 140m cm§~rMr EH$ Q´>oZ 410m cm§~rMm EH$ ßc°Q>\$m°_©

= 75V
2A 2 90km/hr `m doJmZo Joë`mg {H$Vr doioV Amocm§Sy>Z
OmB©c?
3 V1
= V  x + y = TV
2 2
5
 3:2 140 + 410 = T  90 
18
550 = 25T
 T = 22 sec
2) EH$m ßc°Q>\$m°_©Mr cm§~r Q´>oZÀ`m cm§~rÀ`m 4 nQ> Amho.
Oa 54 km/hr `m doJmZo Vr Q´>oZ Jocr Va Vr Q´>oZ Ë`m
ßc°Q>\$m°_©cm 20 goH§$Xm‘ܶo Amocm§Sy>Z OmVo Va Q´>oZ
Am{U ßc°Q>\$m°_© `m§Mr àË`oH$s cm§~r {H$Vr?
 x + y = TV
5
 x + 4x = 20  54   (y = 4x)
18

198 g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm

 (Distance - Time - Velocity)
200 + y = 30 × 4 × 5
A§Va - doi - doJ

y = 600-200 PART C
y = 400 ‘rQ>a (Train À`m logic da AmYm[aV J{UVo)
9) CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 1
TYPE I
x + y = T (VF - VS)
XmoZ ì`ŠVr qH$dm JmS>çm EH$_oH$m§À`m {déÕ {Xem§Zr
200 + 250 = T (136 - 100)
OmV AgVmZm....
5
450 = T × 36 ×
18 Concept :
450
=T
10
45 = T V1 V2
T = 45 goH§$X
10) CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 1
D = TV D
x + y = T (VF - VS)
Formulae :
5
100 + 200 = 2 × 60 (120 - VS) D = TV
18
D = T(V1+ V2)
5
300 = 120 (120 - VS)×
18
TYPE I
300 18 gmoS>dbobr CXmhaUo
= 120 - VS
120  5
9 = 120 - VS 1) XmoZ ì`ŠVr EH$_oH$m§nmgyZ 400 ‘rQ>a A§Vamda C^o
VS = 111m/s AmhoV Vo EH$_oH$m§H$S>o ({déÕ) {XeoZo AZwH«$_o 12 Am{U
9 {H$‘r àVr Vmg `m doJmZo Ymdy cmJVmV Va Ë`m§Zm
nañnam§Zm ^oQ>Ê`mgmR>r {H$Vr doi cmJoc?
 D = TV
 D = T(V1+ V2)
5
400 = T (12 + 9) 
18
5
400 = T  21 
18
400  6
T=
75
480
T= sec
7

208 g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm

 (Distance - Time - Velocity)
= 9:45 dmOVm 11) CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 3

A§Va - doi - doJ

8) CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 1 n{hë¶m JmS>rMm doJ × doioVrb ’$aH$
T=
n[hë¶m JmS>rMm doJ × doioVrb ’$aH$ VF - VS
T= 40  2
VF - VS
=
60  40
120  4
 40  2
150  120 =
20
120  4 T = 4 Vmg

30  Xþgar JmS>r = 5+2 = 7 dmOVm
= 16 Vmg  7+4 = 11 dmOVm
 Xþgar JmS>r Xþnmar 12 dmOVm + 16 Vmg
Xþgè`m {Xder gH$mir 4 dmOVm. PART D
OhmO d àdmh / {d_mZ d dmam
9) CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 3
Boat + Stream / Aeroplane + wind
n[hë¶m 춳VrMm doJ × doioVrb ’$aH$
T= * àdmhmÀ`m {XeoZo (Downstream)
VF - VS

15
40 
T 60
45  40
VB
10
T  2 Vmg
5 Vs
Xþgam {_Ì  6:15 + 2 Vmg = 8:15
10) CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 3 D = TV
D = T (VF - VS) D = T(VB+VS)
* àdmhmÀ`m CcQ> {XeoZo (Upstream)
5
200 = T (12 - 10) ×
18
5
200 = T × 2 ×
18
200  18 VB
=T
25
 T = 360 Sec
Vs

360
= D = TV
60
T = 6 min D = T(VB- VS)
VB  ~moQ>oMm doJ
VS  àdmhmMm doJ

g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm 215

 (Distance - Time - Velocity)

1) 48 goH§$X 2) 14 goH§$X
A§Va - doi - doJ

¶m KQ>H$mda Am¶moJmZo {dMmabobo àíZ

3) 60 goH§$X 4) 24 goH§$X
1) 45 {H$‘r àVr Vmg `m doJmZo OmUmè`m 400 ‘r. * CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 1 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
cm§~rÀ`m Q´>oZcm 400 _r. bm§~rMm nyc Amocm§Sy>Z  x + y = T(V1+ V2)
OmÊ`mgmR>r {H$Vr doi cmJoc? (PSI nyd© 2011)
1) 44 goH§$X 2) 54 goH§$X 5
1000 = T (45 + 30) 
18
3) 64 goH§$X 4) 74 goH§$X
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 3 ñnîQ>rH$aU : 5
1000 = T  75 
18
 x + y = TV
5 1000  6
400 + 400 = T  45  T =
18 25  5
25 T = 8 6
800 = T 
2
T = 48 sec
1600
T= 4) g_Om _w§~B© Vo ZmJnya ho A§Va 750 {H$._r. Amho.
25
 T = 64 sec
EH$mM doiog gH$mir 9 dmOVm nañna {dê$Õ {XeoZo
{ZKmboë`m JmS>çm§Mm doJ AZwH«$_o 70 Am{U 55
2) EH$m 150m cm§~ Q´>oZ cm 450m cm§~rMm ßc°Q>\$m°_© {H$._r./Vmg Amho. Va Ë`m XmoÝhr JmS>çm añË`mV
nma H$aÊ`mgmR>r 20 sec cmJVmV Va Ë`m AmJJmS>rMm EH$_oqH$Zm {H$Vr dmOVm ^oQ>Vrb?
doJ {H$Vr Agoc? (STI _w»` 2011) (STI _w»` 2011)
1) 30 ‘r./goH§$X 2) 54 ‘r./goH§$X
3) 64 ‘r./goH§$X 4) 74 ‘r./goH§$X 1) Xþ.2:30 dm. 2) gH$mir 4:15 dm.
3) Xþ.3:00 dm. 4) Xþ. 2:45 dm.
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 1 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 3 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
 x + y = TV
150 + 450 = 20  V  D = T(V1 + V2)
600 = 20V 750 = T (70 + 55)
600
V= 750 = T  125
20
m 750
 V = 30  T=
sec 125
3) àË`oH$s 500 _r. bm§~rÀ`m 2 _mbJmS>çm {dê$Õ {XeoZo  T = 6 Hr
g_m§Va ê$im§dê$Z YmdV AmhoV. Ë`m§Mm doJ AZwH«$_o 9.00 + 6 hr = 15
45 Am{U 30 {H$._r/Vmg Amho Va Ë`m§Zm EH$_oqH$Zm
Amobm§S>Ê`mg {H$Vr doi bmJob? = 3 dmOVm
(STI _w»` 2016-17)

228 g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm

 H$mi Am{U H$m‘
7 (Time and Work)
PART A
ì`pŠV (Men), Vmg (Hours), {Xdg (Days), H$m_ (Work) Am{U
nJma / _Oyar (Salary) `mda AmYm[aV J{UVo
* Basic *
1
Men
Time àíZ gyÌ H$m_ (Work) nJma (Salary)
1 ì`pŠV (M)
M M1D1 = M2D2 M1D1 M 2D2 M1D1 M 2D2
T  
{Xdg (D) W1 W2 S1 S2
K
M ì`pŠV (M) M1H1 = M2H2 M1H1 M 2H2 M1H1 M 2H2
T  
Vmg (H) W1 W2 S1 S2
 MT = k ( k = Constant)
 M1T1 = M2T2 ì`pŠV (M)
M1D1H1 M 2 D 2 H 2 M1D1H1 M 2D2H 2
 M1D1 = M2D2
{Xdg (D) M1D1H1 = M2D2H2  
W1 W2 S1 S2
 M1D1H1 = M2D2H2 Vmg (H)

Type I
{H$Vr Vmg cmJVrc?
gmoS>dbobr CXmhaUo  M1T1= M2T2

2518 518
1) 12 ì`ŠVtZm EH$ H$m_ nyU© H$aÊ`mgmR>r 21 {Xdg T2= =
30 6
cmJVmV Va 14 ì`ŠVtZm Vo H$m_ nyU© H$aÊ`gmR>r {H$Vr
{Xdg cmJVrc? T2= 5  3

 12M1  21D1 T2= 15 Hr

14M2  ?D2  15 Vmg cmJVrc

M1D1 = M2D2 3) 8 H$m_Jmam§Zm EH$ H$m_ nyU© H$aÊ`mgmR>r 27 Vmg
cmJVmV Va VoM H$m_ 18 VmgmV g§ndm`Mo Agë`mg
M1D1 12  21
D2 = M = {H$Vr H$m_Jma cmJVrc?
2 14
 M1T1= M2T2
D2 = 6  3
D2 = 18 8 27
M2 =
18
 18 {Xdg cmJVrc
M2 = 4  3
2) 25 H$m_Jmam§Zm EH$ H$m_ nyU© H$aÊ`mgmR>r 18 Vmg  M2 = 12
cmJVmV Va 30 H$m_Jmam§Zm VoM H$m_ nyU© H$aÊ`mgmR>r

g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm 239

 (Time and Work)
H$mi Am{U H$m‘

PART C
( Zi Am[U Q>mH$s)
A B A A B

B C

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
=+ + =+ - =+ + -
T A B T A B T A B C
AB AB ABC
T= T= T=
AB BA - AB  BC  AC

gmoS>dbobr CXmhaUo (Xþgè¶m ZimZo Q>mH$s [aH$m_r hmoVo åhUyZ 5 - 3 = 2)

1) A `m ZimZo EH$ Q>mH$s ^aÊ`mgmR>r 25 Vmg cmJVmV 90
= 45 Vmg
VgoM B `m ZimZo VrM Q>mH$s ^aÊ`mgmR>r 30 Vmg 2
cmJVmV. Oa XmoÝhr Zi EH$Ì gwé Ho$co Va {H$Vr 3) EH$m ZimZo EH$ Q>mH$s ^aÊ`mgmR>r 30 {_. cmJVmV.
doioV Vr Q>mH$s ^aoc? VgoM Xþgè`m ZimZo Vr Q>mH$s [aH$m_r hmoÊ`mgmR>r 45
{_. cmJVmV. Oa XmoÝhr Zi EH$Ì gwé Ho$co Va Vr
AB
 T= Q>mH$s {H$Vr doioV ^éZ hmoB©c?
AB
A  B 30  45
25  30  T= = = 30  3= 90 {_{ZQ>
T= B-A 15
2 5  30
OR
750 150 7
 T= = = 13 Vmg
55 11 11 A 30 +3
90
2) A `m ZimZo Q>mH$s 18 VmgmV ^aVo. VgoM B `m B 45 -2
ZimZo 30 VmgmV [aH$m_r hmoVo. Oa XmoÝhr Zi gwé 1
Ho$co Va Q>mH$s {H$Vr doioV ^aob?
90
A  B 18  30 540 = 90 {_{ZQ>
1
 T= = = = 45 Vmg
B - A 30  18 12
4) A `m ZimZo EH$ Q>mH$s ^aÊ`mgmR>r 20 Vmg cmJVmV.
OR
VgoM B `m ZimZo Vr Q>mH$s [aH$m_r hmoÊ`mgmR>r 24
A 18 +5 Vmg cmJVmV. XmoÝhr Zi EH$mM doir gwé Ho$co, na§Vw
90
B 30 -3 10 VmgmZ§Va Zi B ~§X Ho$cm Va Cd©[aV Q>mH$s
2 ^aÊ`mgmR>r Zi A cm {H$Vr doi cmJoc?
256 g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm
 (Time and Work)
H$mi Am{U H$m‘
3) 20 ‘Oya amoO 6 Vmg H$m‘ H$ê$Z EH$ H$m‘ 15
¶m KQ>H$mda Am¶moJmZo {dMmabobo àíZ
{XdgmV nyU© H$aVmV. Va VoM H$m‘ 15 ‘Oya amoO 8
Vmg H$m‘ H$ê$Z {H$Vr {XdgmV nyU© H$aVrb?
1) 16 H$m_Jmam§Zm 100 gmS>çm {dUm`cm 21 {Xdg
(JQ> H$ nyd©-2018)
cmJVmV Va 200 gmS>çm 12 {XdgmV {dUm`cm {H$Vr
1) 12 {Xdg 2) 15 {Xdg
H$m_Jma cmJVrc? (PSI nyd©-2011)
3) 20 {Xdg 4) 18 {Xdg
1) 56 2) 28 3) 42 4) 60
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 2 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 1 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
M1 D1 H1 = M2 D2 H2
M1D1 M 2D2 20×15×6 = 15×D2×8
 W1
= W2
20  15  6
= D2
16 21 M 2  12 15  8
=
100 200  D2 = 15 {Xdg
16 21 4) 10 nwéf Am{U 14 ‘{hbm EH$m {XdgmV é. 1750
M2 =
6 H$‘mB© H$aVmV Va 10 nwéf Am{U 10 ‘{hbm EH$m
M2 = 8  7 {XdgmV {H$Vr H$‘mB© H$aVrb?
 M2 = 56
(Tax Asst. ‘w»¶-2019)
1) 1675 2) 1575
 56 H$m_Jma cmJVrc 3) 1475 4) 1250
2) EH$ _mUyg EH$ H$m_ 6 {XdgmV nyU© H$aVmo Am{U * CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 4 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
Ë`mMm _wcJm VoM H$m_ 18 {XdgmV nyU© H$aVmo Oa Vo
M1 F1 M 2 F2
H$m_ XmoKm§Zr EH$Ì Ho$co Va Vo H$m‘ nyU© hmoʶmg {H$Vr = =
I1 I2
{Xdg cmJVrc? (STI nyd©-2011)
10 14 10 10
2 2 2 = = I
1) 4 2) 3 3) 5 4) 8 1750 2
4 4 4

* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 1 ñnîQ>rH$aU : 1 10  14

 I =
2 1750  10  10
AB
 T= 1
AB 7
I 2 = 1750  5
6  18
=
6  18 1 1
I 2 = 250  5
618 9
= = days
24 2 1 1
I2 =
2 1250
T=4 = 4.5 {Xdg
4  I2 = 1250

g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm 273

 eoH$S>odmar, Z’$m Am{U VmoQ>m
8 (Percentage, Profit and Loss)

Type I
Type I - Basic
gamdmgmR>r àíZ
gmoS>dbobr CXmhaUo
1) 68% = ?
1) 25% = ?
1) 0.68 2) 0.068 3) 6.8 4) 68
* ñnîQ>rH$aU :
2) 72 ˦m 35% {H$Vr?
25 1
 25% = = = 0.25 1) 2.52 2) 0.252 3) 250 4) 25.2
100 4
2) 48 À¶m 20% qH$‘V {H$Vr? 3) 1200 Mo 54% {H$Vr ?
1) 448 2) 548 3) 648 4) 748
* ñnîQ>rH$aU :
4) 1255 ˦m 38% + 1920 ˦m 62% {H$Vr?
20
 48 × = 9.6 1) 16.67 2) 1.667 3) 0.1667 4) 1667.3
100
5) EH$m g§»¶oMr 40% qH$‘V Oa 120 Agob Va ˶m
3) 61 ˦m 30% {H$Vr?
g§»¶oMr 55% qH$‘V {H$Vr?
* ñnîQ>rH$aU : 1) 165 2) 175 3) 180 4) 195
30 6) EH$m g§»¶oÀ¶m 35% qH$‘V Oa 441 Agob Va Vr
 61 × = 6.1×3 = 18.3
100 g§»¶m H$moUVr?
4) 84 À¶m 25 Q>³Ho$ + 170 À¶m 40% {H$Vr? 1) 1190 2) 12030 3) 1260 4) 1320
* ñnîQ>rH$aU : 7) EH$m {dÚmÏ`m©bm EH$m n[ajoV 400 n¡H$s 220 JwU
25 40 {‘imbo. åhUOo Ë`mbm {H$Vr Q>³Ho$ JwU {‘imbo?
* 84 × + 170 ×
100 100 1) 55 % 2) 60 % 3) 65% 4) 45%
= 21+68 8) EH$m ‘wbrg B§J«Or_Ü`o 30 n¡H$s 21, J{UVmV 50
= 89 n¡H$s 30 B{VhmgmV 40 n¡H$s 20 d emñÌmV 25 n¡H$s
5) EH$m g§»¶oÀ¶m 40% qH$‘V 76 Amho Va Vr g§»¶m 18 JwU {‘imbo, Va {Vbm H$moUË`m {df`mV OmñV %
H$moUVr? JwU {‘imbo?
1) B{Vhmg$ 2) B§J«Or$
* ñnîQ>rH$aU :
3) J{UV$ 4) emñÌ$
40
x× = 76 7 5
100 9) 300 Mo % + 200 Mo % =?
2 2
760
x= 1) 6 2) 15.5 3) 20 4) 30
4
 x = 190

g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm 277

 (Percentage, Profit and Loss)
eoH$S>odmar, Z’$m Am{U VmoQ>m
¶m KQ>H$mda Am¶moJmZo {dMmabobo àíZ ImV ZmhrV Va Hw$Qw>§~mVrb EHy$U gXñ¶ {H$Vr?
(PSI ‘w»¶-2018)
1) EH$ g§»`m 45% Zo dmT>dcr Voìhm {VMr qH$_V 116 1) 12 2) 14 3) 16 4) 18
hmoVo Va Vr g§»`m H$moUVr? (PSI nyd©-2013) * CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 2 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
1) 82 2) 80 3) 75 4) 85 n (A  B  C)= n(A) + n(B) + n(C)  n(A  B) 
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 2 ñnîQ>rH$aU : n(B  C)n(A  C)+ n (A  B  C)
g_Om, =8+9+8-6-4-4+3
100  45 {‘idbo = 25 - 14 + 3
CXm. 145  116 = 14
100  x 4) 2100 Mo 16 Q>³Ho$ {H$Vr? (STI nyd©-2011)
145  x  116 100 1) 330 2) 332 3) 334 4) 336
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 4 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
116  100
x
145 16
 2100 × = 21×16 = 336
100
x  80
2) A ehamV 52000 cmoH$m§n¡H$s 0.30% ì`ŠVtH$S>o 5) EH$m ì¶mnmamZo EH$ noZ 75 é. Zm IaoXr Ho$bm Am{U
_moQ>ma H$ma Amho. B ehamV 48000 cmoH$m§n¡H$s 0.25% 105 é. Zm {dH$bm Va ˶mbm {H$Vr Q>³Ho$ Z’$m Pmbm?
ì`ŠVtH$S>o _moQ>ma H$ma Amho. C ehamV 50000 (STI ‘w»¶-2011)
cmoH$m§n¡H$s 300 ì`ŠVtH$S>o _moQ>ma H$ma AmhoV. Va 1) 40% 2) 60% 3) 55% 4) 45%
Imcrc H$moUË`m gm§Ho${VH$ {MÝhmZo `m§Mo g§~§Y Xe©{dVm * CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 1 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
`oB©c? (PSI nyd©-2014) 105  75
1) A > B > C 2) B < A < C * eoH$S>m Z’$m = × 100
75
3) C < A < B 4) B < C < A
30
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 2 ñnîQ>rH$aU : = × 100
75

A  52000 
0.30
 156
= 40%
100
6) EH$m narjoV 70% {dÚmWu B§J«OrV CÎmrU© Pmco, 65%
B  48000 
0.25
 120
{dÚmWu J{UVmV CÎmrU© Pmco, 25% {dÚmWu XmoÝhr
100 {df`mV AZwÎmrU© Pmco. Oa 3000 {dÚmWu XmoÝhr
C  50000  300 {df`mV CÎmrU© Pmco AgVrc, Va EHy $U {H$Vr
{dÚmÏ`mªZr narjm {Xcr? (STI ‘w»¶-2019)
B AC
3) EH$m g§¶w³V Hw$Qw>§~mVrb gXñ¶m§n¡H$s 8 gXñ¶ {MHy$ 1) 7500 2) 5000 3) 6000 4) 8000
ImV ZmhrV. 9 gXñ¶ nnB© ImV ZmhrV. 8 gXñ¶ noê$ * CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 2 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
ImV ZmhrV. 6 gXñ¶ nnB© Am{U noê$ ImV ZmhrV. 4
gXñ¶ {MHy$ Am{U noê$ ImV ZmhrV. 4 gXñ¶ nnB© XmoÝhr {df¶mV CËVrU© = 100-25 = 75%
Am{U noê$ ImV ZmhrV VgoM 3 gXñ¶ {VZhr ’$io n( A  B )  n( A)  n( B )  n( A  B )

g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm 307

 9 ì¶mO (Interest)
PART A 3) 6000 é. ‘wX²XbrMo X.gm.X.eo. 6.5 XamZo AS>rM
gaiì¶mO (Simple Interest) dfm©Mo gaiì¶mO {H$Vr Am{U amg {H$Vr?
* ñnîQ>rH$aU :
Formulae :
P NR
P NR gaiì¶mO =
1. gaiì¶mO = 100
100
 P = Principle Amount (‘wX²Xb) 6000  2.5  6.5
=
 N = Number of Years (df}) 100
 R = Rate of Interest (ì¶mOmMm Xa) = 150 × 6.5 = 975
2. amg = P + S.I amg (A) = P + S.I
 A = Amount (amg), P = Principle Amount = 975+6000 = 6975
(‘wX²Xb) & S. I. = Simple Interest
4) 4500 é. ‘wX²XbrMo X.gm.X.eo. 5.5 XamZo XmoZ df}
gmoS>dbobr CXmhaUo Am{U 4 ‘{hZo H$mbmdYrgmR>r hmoUmao gaiì¶mO {H$Vr?

1) 12000 é. ‘wXX² brMo X.gm.X.eo. 8.5 XamZo XmoZ dfmªMo * ñnîQ>rH$aU :

gaiì¶mO {H$Vr Am{U amg {H$Vr? P NR
gaiì¶mO =
100
* ñnîQ>rH$aU :.
P NR 4
4500  5.5  2
gaiì¶mO = = 12
100
100
12000  2  8.5
= 1
100 = 45 × 5.5 × 2
3
= 240 × 8.5 = 2040
amg (A) = P + S.I = 12000+2040 = 14040 7
= 45 × 5.5 ×
3
2) 7400 é. ‘wX²XbrMo X.gm.X.eo. 12.5 XamZo 3 dfmªMo = 577.5
gaiì¶mO {H$Vr Am{U amg {H$Vr?
5) EH$m aH$‘oMo X.gm.X.eo. 14 XamZo 4.5 dfm©Mo gaiì¶mO
* ñnîQ>rH$aU :.
ho ˶m aH$‘oda X.gm.X.eo. 12 XamZo 5.5 dfm©gmR>r
P NR hmoUmè¶m gaiì¶mOmnojm 60 Zo H$‘r Amho Va Vr ‘wX²Xb
gaiì¶mO =
100 {H$Vr?
7400  3 12.5 * ñnîQ>rH$aU :
= = 2775
100
P NR P NR
amg (A) = P + S.I S.I = S.I =
100 100
= 2775+7400 = 10175

g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm 323

 (Interest)
ì¶mO
¶m KQ>H$mda Am¶moJmZo {dMmabobo àíZ  MH«$ì¶mT> ì¶mO Agë¶m‘wio ¶m g§nyU© {eëbH$ aH$‘oda
nwÝhm Xþgè¶m dfm©gmR>r 12.5% ì¶mO Xçmdo bmJob.
1) gwem§VZo ì¶mOmÀ¶m Xam BV³¶m dfm©gmR>r gaiì¶mOmZo 12.5
 17,000×
é. 1,600 H$O© KoVbo. Oa ˶mZo H$O© ’o$S>VmZm é. 100
784 ì¶mO {Xbo Va ì¶mOmMm Xa H$m¶ hmoVm? = 170×12.5
(Clerk ‘w»¶-2018) = 2,125 é.
1) 6 2) 7 3) 8 4) 6.5  amg = 17,000 + 2,125
* n¶m©¶ H«$. 2 ñnîQ>rH$aU : = 19,125
˶mZo {Xbobo a³H$‘ = 9,125
PNR
 gaiì¶mO =  {eëbH$ a³H$‘ = 19,125-9,125
100
= 10,000
1600  x  x  ¶m 10,000 daVr nwÝhm eodQ>r 12.5% ì¶mO
784 =
100
12.5
784  100  10,000×
100
= x2
1600 = 100×12.5
49 = x2 = 1,250 é.
7=x  amg = 10,000 + 1,250
ì¶mOmMm Xa = 7% = 11,250 é. eodQ>r ˶mbm Xçmdo bmJVrb.
2) EH$m 춳VrZo 22,800 én¶o {H$‘VrMm EH$ {’«$O 12.5
3) arZmZo ì¶mOmÀ¶m XamBV³¶m dfm©gmR>r gaiì¶mOmZo
Xgmgeo MH«$ì¶mT> ì¶mO XamZo IaoXr Ho$bm. Oa ˶mZo
1200 é. Mo H$O© KoVbo Oa VrZo H$O© ’o$S>VmZm 432
n{hë¶m dfm©À¶m eodQ>r 8,650 én¶o Am{U Xþgè¶m
é. ì¶mO {Xbo Agob Va ì¶mOmMm Xa {H$Vr hmoVm?
dfm©À¶m eodQ>r 9,125 én¶o ^abo Va ˶mbm {Vgè¶m
(MPSC CSAT - 2018)
dfm©À¶m eodQ>r gd© a³H$‘ MwH$Vr H$aʶmgmR>r AmUIr
{H$Vr én¶o ^amdo bmJVrb? 1) 5 2) 6
(UPSC CSAT 2018) 3) 10 4) 12.50
1) 9,990 é. 2) 10,000 é. * n¶m©¶ H«$. 2 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
3) 10,590 é. 4) 11,250 é. P NR
* n¶m©¶ H«$. 4 ñnîQ>rH$aU : gaiì¶mO = ( R = N = x ‘mZy)
100
 n{hë¶m dfm©À¶m eodQ>r Xçmdo bmJUmao ì¶mO 1200  x  x
12.5
432 =
100
= 22,800×
100
432
= 228×12.5 x2 = = 36
12
= 2,850 é.
 amg = 22,800 + 2,850
x =6
= 25,650 4) gwZrbZo X.gm.X.eo. 12.5 XamZo 16000 é. 3 dfmªÀ¶m
˶mZo {Xbobo a³H$‘ = 8,650 ‘wXVrZo {d{harda n§n ~gdʶmgmR>r MH«$dmT> ì¶mOmZo
 {eëbH$ a³H$‘ = 17,000 H$Om©D$ KoVbo. hoM H$O© Oa gaiì¶mOmZo KoVbo AgVo

g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm 341

 10 ^mJrXmar (Partnership)
* ñnîQ>rH$aU :
Type I
gmoS>dbobr CXmhaUo A 48000 1 48000  1
B 56000 1 =
1) A Am{U B ¶m XmoZ 춳VtZr 16000 Am{U 20000 56000 1
é. Jw§VdyZ EH$ ì¶dgm¶ gwé Ho$bm Va... 6
i) EH$ dfm©À¶m AIoarg ˶m§Zm hmoUmam Z’$m {H$Vr? =
7
* ñnîQ>rH$aU :  PA : P B = 6 : 7
Invest Tenure (df©) * EHy$U Z’$m = 52000
A 16000 1 6x + 7x = 52000
B 20000 1 13x = 52000
 x = 4000
PA I1 T1 A = 6x B = 7x
PB = I T
2 2
= 6 × 4000 = 7 × 4000
16000 1 = 24000 = 28000
=
20000  1
3) A Am{U B ¶m XmoKm§Zr AZwH«$‘o 6500 Am{U 7800
4 é. Jw§VdyZ EH$ ì¶dgm¶ gwé Ho$bm. na§Vw B Zo 8
=
5 ‘{hݶmZ§Va ˶mMo gd© n¡go H$mTy>Z KoVbo Va EH$ dfm©À¶m
 PA : PB = 4 : 5 AIoarg ˶m§Zm hmoUmè¶m Zâ¶mMo JwUmoËVa {H$Vr?
ii) Oa 1 dfm©À¶m AIoarg ˶m XmoKm§Zm {‘iyZ 54000 é. * ñnîQ>rH$aU :
Z’$m Pmbm Agob Va à˶oH$mbm {H$Vr én¶o {‘imbo A 6500 12
nm{hOoV?
B 7800 8
* ñnîQ>rH$aU :
* EHy$U Z’$m = 54000 PA 6500  12 5
PB = =
4x + 5x = 54000 7800  8 4
9x = 54000  PA : P B = 5 : 4
 x = 6000 4) A Am{U B ¶m XmoKm§Zr AZwH«$‘o 45000 Am{U 55000
A = 4x B = 5x é. Jw§VdyZ EH$ ì¶dgm¶ gwé Ho$bm. na§Vw 6 ‘{hݶmZ§Va
= 4 × 6000 = 5 × 6000 A Zo ˶m ì¶dgm¶m‘YyZ gd© n¡go H$mTy>Z KoVbo Va EH$
dfm©À¶m AIoarg ˶m§Zm hmoUmè¶m Zâ¶mMo JwUmoËVa
= 24000 = 30000
{H$Vr?
2) A Am{U B ¶m XmoKm§Zr AZwH«$‘o 48000 Am{U 56000 * ñnîQ>rH$aU :
é. Jw§VdyZ EH$ ì¶dgm¶ gwé Ho$bm. Oa EH$ dfm©À¶m
A 45000 6
AIoarg ˶m XmoKm§Zm {‘iyZ 52000 é. Z’$m hmoV Agob
B 55000 12
Va à˶oH$mbm {H$Vr é. {‘imbo nm{hOoV?
g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm 343
 (Partnership)
* amUr = 8x
^mJrXmar

¶m KQ>H$mda Am¶moJmZo {dMmabobo àíZ

= 8 × 150
1) A, B Am{U C ¶m {VKm§Zr AZwH«$‘o 4900, 6300 = 1200 é.
Am{U 7000 én¶o EH$mM ¶moOZoV Jw§Vdbo. Oa 1 3) A‘ZZo 70000 é. Jw§VdyZ 1 ì¶dgm¶ gwé Ho$bm. amIr
dfm©À¶m AIoarg ˶m§À¶mn¡H$s A bm 749 é. Z’$m ¶m ì¶dgm¶m‘ܶo 6 ‘{hݶmZ§Va Ambr. ˶m‘ܶo VrZo
{‘imë¶mg C bm VgoM B bm {H$Vr én¶o {‘imbo 105000 é. Jw§Vdbo. AmUIr 6 ‘[hݶmZ§Va gmJaZo
nm{hOoV? (ASO ‘w»¶ - 2011) 140000 JwV§ dbo. 3 dfm©À¶m AIoarg ˶m§Zm {‘iUmè¶m
1) é. 963, 1,070 2) é. 555, 1,200 Zâ¶mMo JwUmoËVa {H$Vr?
3) é. 867, 1,300 4) é. 777, 1,020 (MPSC CSAT - 2014)
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 1 ñnîQ>rH$aU : 1) 7 : 6 : 10 2) 12 : 15 : 16
A : B : C = 49×1 : 63×1 : 70×1 3) 48 : 45 : 36 4) 42 : 50 : 48
= 7 : 9 : 10 * CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 2 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
EHy$U Z’$m = 7x + 9x + 10x A : R : S = 70000×36 : 105000×30 : 140000×24
A Mm Z’$m = 7x = 749 = 60 : 75 : 80
 x = 107 = 12 : 15 : 16
 B = 9×107 = 963 é.

 C = 10×107 = 1070 é.
2) H¥$îUmZo 9000 é. J§wVdyZ EH$ ì¶dgm¶ gwé Ho$bm. 4
‘{hݶmZ§Va amUrZo 12000 Jw§VdyZ ˶mV ^mJ KoVbm
Va 1 dfm©À¶m AIoarg 2550 é. Z’$m hmoV Agë¶mg
amUrbm {H$Vr é. {‘imbo nm{hOoV?
(amÁ¶godm nyd© - 2012)
1) é. 1,000 2) é. 1,100
3) é. 1,200 4) é. 1,300
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 3 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
A 9000 12
B 12000 8

A 90  12 9
= =
B 120  8 8
* EHy$U Z’$m = 9x + 8x = 2550
17x = 2550
 x = 150

354 g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm

 JwUmoËVa-à‘mU Am{U {‘lUo
11 (Ratio-Praportion & Aligation)
Part A Type I
gamdmgmR>r àíZ
JwUmoËVa-à‘mU
x 8 5x  4 y
Type I 1) Oa y = Va 3 x  2 y = ?
9
gmoS>dbobr CXmhaUo
1) 3 : 2 2) 2 : 3
x 7 3x  2y 3) 3 : 4 4) 2 : 21
1) Oa y = Va 3x  2y = ?
3
x 6 x2  y 2
* ñnîQ>rH$aU : x = 7 and y = 3 2) Oa y = Va 2 2 = ?
5 x y
3(7)  2(3) 21  6 1) 36 : 25 2) 25 : 36
= 3(7)  2(3) =
21  6 3) 61 : 11 4) 11 : 61
27 9 x 6 x y 14
= = 3) Oa 2y = Va x  y + =?
15 5 7 19
A B C 13 15
2) Oa A : B : C = 2 : 3 : 4 Va : : =? 1) 2)
B C A 19 19
* ñnîQ>rH$aU : 1
3) 1 4) 1
A:B:C=2:3:4 19

A B C 2 3 4 x 3 x3  y 3
: : = : : 4) Oa y = Va 3 3 = ?
B C A 3 4 2 1 x y
2 4 3 3 4 6 1) 13 : 14 2) 14 : 13
= : : 3) 10 : 11 4) 11 : 13
3 4 43 26
8 9 24 5) Oa m:n = 3:2 Va (4m+5n):(4m-5n) = ?
= : : 1) 4:9 2) 9:4
12 12 12
3) 11:1 4) 9:1
A B C
 : : = 8 : 9 : 24 6) Oa x : y = 3:4 Va (7x+3y) : (7x-3y) = ?
B C A
1) 5:2 2) 4:3
3) A:B = 3:4, B:C = 5:6 Va A:B:C = ?
3) 11:3 4) 37:19
* ñnîQ>rH$aU : 7) Oa A:B = 2:3, B:C = 4:5 Va A:C = ?
A 3 5 15 B 5 4 20 1) 15:8 2) 8:15
= = , = =
B 45 20 C 6 4 24 3) 15:6 4) 16:15
 A:B:C = 15:20:24 8) Oa 3A = 5B Am{U 4B = 6C, Va A:C = ?
1) 5:2 2) 3:5
3) 2:5 4) 4:5
g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm 355
 (Ratio-Proportion & Alligation)
JwUmoËVa-à‘mU Am{U {‘lUo
g§»¶m qH$‘V
¶m KQ>H$mda Am¶moJmZo {dMmabobo àíZ 3x
50 n¡go 3x é.
2
x 7 x y
1) Oa y = Va x  y Mr qH$_V {H$Vr? 1 én¶o 2x 2x é.
5
(PSI nyd©-2013) 3x
+ 2x = 140
1) 4 2) -2 3) 6 4) -6 2
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 3 ñnîQ>rH$aU : 7x
x  7& y 5 = 140
2
x y 75 140  2
 
x  y 7 5  x= = x = 40
7


12 * qH$‘V
2
120
6 50 n¡go = = 60 é.
2
2) Oa 2x = 3y = 4z, Va x : y : z = ? 1 é. = 2×40 = 80 é.
(PSI nyd© - 2013) * ZmUr = 3×40
1) 6 : 4 : 3 2) 2 : 3 : 4
50 n¡go = 120
3) 4 : 3 : 2 4) 3 : 4 : 2
1 én¶m = 2×40 = 80
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 1 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
5) H$mOyMr qH$‘V à{V{H$bmo é. 1,000 Va {nñ˶mMr
2x  3y  4z
qH$‘V à{V{H$bmo é. 1,200 Amho. Oa H$mOy d {nñ˶mMo
6  4  3
{‘lU à{V{H$bmo é. 1,050 {dH$bo, Va ˶m {‘lUmV
12 :12 : 12 {nñ˶mMo H$mOyer Agbobo à‘mU {H$Vr?
6 :4 : 3 (JQ> H$ nyd©-2018)
3) A:B = 3:4, B:C = 5:6 Va A:C = ? 1) 1:3 2) 2:1
(STI nyd© - 2011) 3) 3:1 4) 4:3
* ñnîQ>rH$aU : * CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 3 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
A 3 B 5
= , =
B 4 C 6
A B 3 5 5
× = × =
B C 4 6 8
 A:C = 5:8
4) 50 n¡go Am{U 1 é. ¶m§Mr ZmUr à˶oH$s 3:2 ¶m
à‘mUmV KoVë¶mg 40 é. ‘ܶo 50 n¡í¶m§Mr ZmUr
{H$Vr? (STI nyd© - 2011)  150 : 50
* ñnîQ>rH$aU : = 3:1

g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm 373

 KmVm§H$ Am{U H$aUr
12 (Indices and Surds)
PART A 10) am  an = am+n
KmVm§H$ (Indices) 11) am  an = am-n
12) (-a)N = +aN  N = g_ g§»¶m
KmVm§H$mMo {Z¶‘ : = -aN  N = {df_ g§»¶m
1) 1N = 1 CXm.: (-2)2=+4, (-2)3=-8
CXm.: 12 = 1, 13 = 1, 115 = 1
2) a1 = a Type I
CXm.: 41 = 4, 101 = 10, 271 = 27 gmoS>dbobr CXmhaUo
3) 0N = 0 1) (17)1 + 150 + 119 + 023 = ?
CXm.: 02 = 0, 05 = 0, 0119 = 0  = 17 + 1 + 1 + 0
4) a0 = 1 = 19
CXm.: 40 = 1, 110 = 1, (239)0 = 1 0
 1
* AndmX : 00 =  2) (-15) + 23  + 1591 = ?
1
 4
1
5) a-m =  = -15 + 1 + 1
am = -13
1 1 1 1 3) 15x  157 = 1519 Va x = ?
CXm.: 5-2 = 2 = , 2-3 = 3 =
5 25 2 8  x + 7 = 19
m  x = 12
a am
6)   = m 4) 72x  729 = 783 Va x = ?
b b
 2x + 29 = 83
4
 
2
16  3 
3
27 2x = 54
CXm.:    ,     x = 27
5 25  7  343
5) 113x  111-19 = 1141 Va x = ?
1
m m m
 3x - 19 = 41
a b
7)   = m OR  a  3x = 60
b a b  x = 20

3
2 2
 4  16
6) 193x  1940 = 192x  1989 Va x = ?
CXm.:     =  3x + 40 = 2x + 89
4 3 9
 x = 49
8) (a  b)m = am  bm
1
CXm.: (4  5)2 = (20)2 = 400, 7) 21x  21111 = 21 2
(2x)3 = 8x3, (4x)2 = 16x2
1
1 1  x - 11 =
9) (a  b) = m  m
-m
2
a b
1 1
1 x= +11
1
CXm.: (3x) = (3x) 2 = 2
-2
2
9x

g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm 379

 (Indices and Surds)
KmVm§H$ Am{U H$aUr
¶m KQ>H$mda Am¶moJmZo {dMmabobo àíZ  2  3  2 23
 ( 2) 2  2 2  3  ( 3) 2
1) Imcrcn¡H$s H$moUË`m n`m©`mVrc g§»`m CVaË`m H«$_mZo
i.e. a 2  2ab  b 2  (a  b) 2
AmhoV? (PSI nyd©-2012)
2
1) 4
6, 6
5, 3
2 2) 6
5, 4
6, 3
2   2 3 
3) 4 6 , 3 2 , 6 5 4) 6 5 , 3
2, 4
6
 2 3
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 1 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
4) Oa 2256 cm 17 Zo ^mJco Va ~mH$s emoYm.
6
5, 3
2,46
( PSI ‘w » ¶-
LCM (6, 3, 4) = 12 2012)
6 1
5  [5] 12  52  25 1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 5
6 * CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 1 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
3 1
2  [2] 12  24 16 H$maU : (24)64=(16)64
3 xm- am ‘Yrb m Mr qH$‘V Oa g‘ Agob Va xm-
1 am bm x+a Zo nyU© ^mJ OmVmo.
4
6  [6] 12  63  216
4
 1664-164 bm (16+1) åhUOoM 17 Zo nyU© ^mJ
 CVaVm H«$‘  216, 25, 16 OmVmo.
 (1664-164)+164 bm 17 Zo ^mJ {Xë¶mZ§Va ~mH$s =
 4
6, 6
5, 3
2
164=1
2) 5m  5-3 = 55 `m g_rH$aUm_Yrc m Mr qH$_V 2 n 1  2 n
5) ? (STI ‘w»¶-2011)
H$mT>m. ( PSI nyd © - 2 n  4  2 n 1
2012) 2 1 3 5
1) 2 2) 3 3) 5 4) 8 1) 2) 3) 4)
3 13 14 13
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 1 ñnîQ>rH$aU : * CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 3 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
m 5 -3
5 =5  5
2 n.2  2n 2 n (2  1)
M=5-3  =
2 n.2 4  2 n 2 2 n ( 2 4  2)
M = 2  nm¶m g‘mZ
3
3) 5  24 Mo dJ©_yi {H$Vr Amho? = 16  2
(PSI nyd©-2013) 3
1) 1 + 2 2) 1 + 3 = 14
3) 2 + 3 4) 5 + 4
7 5 7 5
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 3 ñnîQ>rH$aU : 6) gmoS>dm. + = .......
7 5 7 5
5  24 (ASO nyd©-2012)
 5  6 4 1) 6 2) 12 3) 14 4) 18
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 2 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
 23 2 6

g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm 397

 13 ^y{‘Vr (Geometry)
Basics 5) g§JV H$moZ (Corresponding Angles)
H$moZm§Mo àH$ma (Types of Angle)
1) aofr` OmoS>rVrc H$moZ (Supplementary Angles) x
y

x y
x=y
x+y=1800
CXm. :
2) H$moQ>rH$moZ (Complementary Angles)

x 55
x y
1) 125 y
x+y=900 z
3) {déÕ H$moZ (Opposite Angles)
x, y, z À¶m {H$‘Vr {H$Vr?
x 1)  x + 55 = 1800 ( aofr¶ OmoS>rVrb H$moZ)
y
 x = 180-55
0
 x = 125
x=y 2)  y = 550 ( g§JV H$moZ)
4) ì`wËH«$_ H$moZ (Alternate Angles) 3)  z = 1250 ( {déÜX H$moZ)

x x
y y

x x
y y

x=y

g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm 399

 (Geometry)
^y{‘Vr

PART A >(joÌ’$i)  A =  B =  C = 600

Type I 3) n[a{_Vr (Perimeter) = 3  ~mOy
{ÌH$moU Am{U {ÌH$moUmMo àH$ma 3
4) C§Mr (Hight) =  ~mOy
Note : 2
1
5) joÌ\$i (Area) =  nm`m  C§Mr
2
a
1 3
x =  ~mOy   ~mOy
2 2

y z c 3
=  (~mOy)2
b 4

1)  x +  y +  z = 1800 (Am§VaH$moZ) gmoS>dbobr CXmhaUo

2)  a +  b +  c = 3600 (~møH$moZ) 1) EH$m g_^wO {ÌH$moUmMr EH$ ~mOy 12 g|_r Agë`mg
CXm.: Ë`mMr n[a{_Vr, C§Mr Am{U joÌ\$i {H$Vr?
1) {ÌH$moUmÀ`m 2 H$moZm§Mr _mno 540 Am{U 680 Agë`mg  1) n[a{_Vr = 3  ~mOy = 3  12 = 36 g|_r
{Vgè`m H$moZmMo _mn {H$Vr?
3 3
  x +  y +  z = 1800 2) C§Mr=  ~mOy =  12 = 6 3 g|_r
2 2
540 + 680 +  z = 1800
1220 +  z = 1800 3 3
3) joÌ\$i =  (~mOy)2 =  (12)2
 z = 1800 - 1220 4 4
  z = 580 3
=  144 = 36 3 g|_r2
1) g_^wO {ÌH$moU (Equilateral Triangle) 2 2
2) EH$m g_^wO {ÌH$moUmMr C§Mr 4 3 go‘r Amho Va
A
Ë`mMr ~mOy, n[a{_Vr Am{U joÌ\$i {H$Vr?
x
3
 1) C§Mr =  ~mOy
x 2
x
B C 3
1) AB = BC = AC 4 3=  ~mOy
2
2)  A =  B =  C = x ‘mZy
2
 A +  B +  C = 1800  ~mOy = 4 3  = 8 go_r
3
x + x + x = 1800
2) n[a{_Vr = 3  ~mOy
3x = 1800
= 3 8
 x = 600
= 24 go_r

400 g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm

 (Geometry)
^y{‘Vr

Type II  L = 10,

B{ï>H$m{MVr (Cuboid / Box)  L = 10, B = 20, H = 60

2) EH$m nÍ`mÀ¶m noQ>rMr bm§~r, é§Xr Am{U C§Mr AZwH«$_o

8 ‘r., 4 ‘r. Am{U 5 ‘r. Amho. Oa Ë`m noQ>rcm
~mhoarc g§nyU© ~mOyZo a§J _mam`Mm Amho Am{U Ë`mgmR>r
H à{V ‘r2 cm 130 é. IM© `oUma Agë`mg hmoUmam
EHy$U IM© {H$Vr?

1) EHy$U ~møn¥ð>\$i = 2[L  B + B  H + L  H]
= 2[8  4 + 4  5 + 8  5]
B
= 2[32 + 20 + 40]
= 2  92
L = 184 m2
2) EHy$U IM© = 130  184
1) KZ\$i (Volume) = L  B  H = 23920 é.
2) EHy$U ~møn¥ð>\$i = 2[L  B + B  H + L  H]
(Surface Area) Type II gamdmgmR>r àíZ
L = Lenght
B = Breath 1) EH$m nͶmÀ¶m noQ>rMr bm§~r, é§Xr Am{U C§Mr AZwH«$‘o
H = Height 12 go‘r, 10 go‘r Am{U 8 go‘r Amho. Oa noQ>rbm
~mhoarb g§nwU© ~mOyZo a§J ‘mam¶Mm Amho Am{U ˶mgmR>r
gmoS>dbobr CXmhaUo à{V Mm¡go‘r bm 150 én¶o IM© ¶oUma Agë¶mg
hmoUmam EHw$U IM© {H$Vr?
1) EH$m ~m°Šg Mr é§Xr hr cm§~rÀ`m XþßnQ> Amho. VgoM
1) 88,800 én¶o 2) 85,500 én¶o
Ë`mMr C§Mr é§XrÀ`m {VßnQ> Amho. Oa Ë`m ~m°Šg Mo
3) 80,800 én¶o 4) 88,000 én¶o
KZ\$i 12000 cm3 Agoc Va Ë`mMr cm§~r, é§Xr,
C§Mr {H$Vr? 2) Oa EH$m bmH$S>r noQ>rMr bm§~r é§Xr Am{U C§Mr AZwH«$‘o
  B = 2 L 51 3 1
‘rQ>a, 2 ‘rQ>a Am{U 1 ‘rQ>a Agob Va
 H = 3 B 2 4 3
= 3 2 L ˶m bmH$S>r ^[ad noQ>rbm ~ZdʶmgmR>r 45 én¶o
= 6L à{V KZ{‘Q>a ¶m XamZo EHw$U {H$Vr IM© Ambm Agob?
1) KZ\$i = L  B  H 1) 4,257.50 én¶o 2) 4,005.00 én¶o
12000 = L  6L  2  L 3) 4,207.50 én¶o 4) 4,357.00 én¶o
12000 = 12L3 3) EH$m Bï>rH$m{MVrMr bm§~r é§Xr Am{U C§Mr AZwH«$‘o
12000 12 ‘rQ>a, 10 ‘rQ>a Am{U 8 ‘rQ>a Amho Va ˶mÀ¶m
 = L3 H$Um©Mr bm§~r {H$Vr?
12
 1000= L3 1) 18 ‘rQ>a 2) 17.5 ‘rQ>a
430 g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm
 (Geometry)
(Geometry)

^y{‘Vr
^y{‘Vr

6) CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 3

PART C
4
* KZ\$i =  r 3 {ÌH$moU{‘Vr (Geometry)
3
4 22 Basics :
   3.5  3.5  3.5
3 7
A
4  22  0.5  3.5  3.5


{dê$ÜX ~mOy (Opposite Side)

3
H$U© (hypo)
 179.66 go_r
* n¥ð>\$i = 4 r 2
22
 4  3.5  3.5 
7 B C
cJVMr ~mOy (Adjacent Side)
 4  22  0.5  3.5
 154 Mm¡go_r g‘moaMr ~mOy AB
1) sin = =
7) CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 1 H$U© AC

‘moR>çm Jmoù¶m§nmgyZ N>moQ>çm JmoQ>çm ~Z{dUo bJVMr ~mOy BC

2) cos = =
H$U© AC
* n¶m©¶ H«$. 2 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
g‘moaMr ~mOy AB
‘moR>çm JmoiçmMo KZ’$i 3) tan = =
 bJVMr ~mOy BC
N>moQ>çm JmoQ>rMo KZ’$i
Jmoim R = 4, JmoQ>r R = 1 sin  AB / AC AB
= cos   BC / AC 
4 3 BC
πR
3 1 AC
4 3 4) cosecθ  
πR sinθ AB
3
1 AC
4 5) secθ  
 π 4 4 4 cosθ BC
3
4 1 BC
 π  1 1 1 6) cotθ  
3 tanθ AB

= 4 ×4 ×4
= 64
JmoQ>çm§Mr g§»¶m = 64

440 g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm

 (Geometry)
^y{‘Vr
¶m KQ>H$mda Am¶moJmZo {dMmabobo àíZ  34  2( B  3)  2 B

 34 = 2B+6+2B
1) {ÌH$moUmÀ`m XmoZ H$moZm§Mr _mno 62.6 A§e Am{U 56.7
A§e AmhoV. Va Ë`mÀ`m {Vgè`m H$moZmMo _mn {H$Vr?  34  6  4B
(PSI nyd©-2012)  28  4B
1) 118.30 2) 14.30 28
 B
3) 60.70 4) `mn¡H$s Zmhr 4
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 3 ñnîQ>rH$aU :  B  7 go_r
 {ÌH$moUmÀ¶m {VÝhr H$moZm§À¶m ‘mnm§Mr ~oarO = 1800  L  B3 73
AgVo.  L  10 go_r
 62.6  56.7  x  180 4) {MH$U_mVrnmgyZ ~Zdcoë`m EH$m e§Hy$Mr C§Mr 24
119.3  x  180 g|_r Am{U nm`mMr {ÌÁ`m 6 g|_r Amho. Ë`mMm AmH$ma
x  180  119.3 ~XcyZ Jmoc V`ma Ho$cm Va Ë`m JmocmMr {ÌÁ`m {H$Vr?
(STI nyd©-2012)
x  60.7
1) 6 g|_r 2) 7 g|_r 3) 8 g|_r 4) 9 g|_r
2) Imcrcn¡H$s H$moUË`m AmH¥$VrdéZ Oa \$ŠV {VMr * CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 1 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
n[a{_Vr {Xcr AgVm Ë`mMo joÌ\$i H$mT>Vm `oD$
 e§Hy$Mo KZ\$i = JmobmMo KZ\$i
eHo$c? (PSI ‘w»¶-2012)
1) Mm¡ag 2) Am`V 1 4
R2H = R3
3 3
3) H$mQ>H$moZ {ÌH$moU 4) g_^wO Mm¡H$moZ
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 1 ñnîQ>rH$aU : R 2 H  4r 3
(6) 2  24  4r 3
 Mm¡agmMr n[a{‘Vr = 4  ~mOy
36  24
 Mm¡agmMo joÌ’$i = (~mOy)2  r3
4
3) EH$m Am`VmH¥$Vr ^«_UÜdZr g§MmMr cm§~r Ë`mÀ`m  r 3  216
é§Xrnojm 3 Zo OmñV Amho. Oa Ë`mMr n[a{_Vr 34 g|_r
Agoc, Va Ë`m ^«_UÜdZr g§MmMr cm§~r .... Amho.  r  3 216

(STI nyd©-2012)  r  6 go_r

1) 13 g|_r 2) 7 g|_r 3) 10 g|_r 4) 8 g|_r 5) Imcrc AmH¥$Vr_Ü`o aofm LM, aofm PQ d aofm RS
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 3 ñnîQ>rH$aU : `m EH$_oH$mg g_m§Va aofm AmhoV d M < L = 750,
M < R = 650 {Xcoco AmhoV Va M < 1 = ? d M
 L  ( B  3)
< 2 =? (STI ‘w»¶-2012)
* Am`VmMr nar{_Vr = 2( L  B )
L M
34  2( L  B ) 75
0

1
 34  2 L  2B P 2 Q
650
R S

g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm 443

 g§^mì¶Vm, H«$‘m§VaU Am{U g§¶moOZ
14 (Probability, Permutation and Combination)
Basics = 5  7  13 = 455
* Factorial ( ! ) 10! 10  9  8  7  6!
5) 10
C 4 = (4!)(6!) =
1) 3! = 3  2  1 = 6 4  3  2  6!
2) 4! = 4  3  2  1 = 24 = 5  3  2  7 = 210
3) 5! = 5  4  3  2  1 = 120
Method II : Shortcut
 For Example : (nCr ‘ܶo r À¶m OmJr Omo A§H$ Agob ˶mMà‘mUmV
5! 5  4  3  2  1 n Mo Expansion H$amdo.)
1) = =60
2! 2 1
5 4
1) 5
C2 = = 10
5! 5  4  3  2 1 5  4  3! 2 1
2) = =20 OR
3! 3  2 1 3! 65
2) 6
C2 = = 15
7! 7  6  5! 2 1
3) = =42
5! 5! 98
3) 9
C2 = = 36
15! 15  14 13 12! 2 1
4) = =2730 15  14  13
12! 12!
4) 15
C3 = = 455
3  2 1
5! 5  4  3!
5) (2!)(3!) = =10 10  9  8  7
2  1 3! 5) 10
C4 = = 210
4  3  2 1
7! 7  6  5!
6) 2!(5!) = =21 43
2  1 5! 6) 4
C2 = =6
2 1
* Combination (Selection) 5
7) 5
C1 = =5
1
Method I :
8) 4
C1 = 4
n n!
Formulae = C r  5
r!(n - r)! C2 5 4 5
9) 9
C2
= =
 For Example : 98 18
5 5! 5! 5  4  3! 4
C2 43 1
1) C2  = = =10
2!(5 - 2)! (2!)(3!) 2!3! 10) 9
C2
= =
98 6
6! 6  5  4!
2) 6
C 2 = 2!(6 - 2)! = =3  5 =15 5 5 4
C1 4 C1
2  1 4!
11) 9 = 98 = 5
C2 9
9! 9  8  7! 2 1
3) 9 C 2 = (2!)(7!) = = 9  4 =36
2 1 7! 5
C1 4 C1 5  4 20
15! 15  14 13 12!
12) 9
C1
= =
9 1 9
4) 15
C3 =
(3!)(12!)
=
3  2  1 12!

g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm 451

 (Probability)
g§^mì¶Vm
Type III
Type III
gmoS>dbobr CXmhaUo
Basics :
1) EH$m 52 nËË`mÀ`m g§Mm‘YyZ 2 nËVo {ZdS>co AgVm.
52 nËVo i) XmoÝhr nËVo cmc AgÊ`mMr g§^mì`Vm {H$Vr?
26
C 2 26  25 25
  
26 bmb 26 H$mio 52
C 2 52  51 102
ii) XmoÝhr nËVo ~Xm_ AgÊ`mMr g§^mì`Vm {H$Vr?
13
~Xm‘ Mm¡H$Q> {H$ëda> BpñnH$ C 2 13  12 1
 52
 
(Heart) (Diamond) (Club) (Spade) C 2 52  51 17
iii) XmoÝhr nËVo amOm AgÊ`mMr g§^mì`Vm {H$Vr?
4
C2 43 1
13 13 13 13  52
 
C 2 52  51 221
EHw$U 13 nË˶m§‘ܶo, iv) XmoÝ hr nËVo Face Cards AgÊ`mMr g§ ^mì`Vm
{H$Vr?
1) amOm (King) = 1 12
C 2 12 11 11
 52
 
C 2 52  51 221
2) amUr (Queen) = 1
v) XmoÝhr nËË`m§n¡H$s EH$ nËVm cmc a§JmMm Am{U EH$
3) Jwbm‘ (Jack) = 1 H$mim a§JmMm AgÊ`mMr g§^mì`Vm {H$Vr?
26
C1 26 C1 26  26 26
 
4) A B³H$m (Ace) = 1 
52
C2 52  51 51
2 1
5) A§H$ (2 Vo 10) = 9
vi) XmoÝhr nËË`m§n¡H$s EH$ nËVm amOm Am{U EH$ nËVm
Face Cards (Honour Cards) amUr AgÊ`mMr g§^mì`Vm {H$Vr?
4
1) EHw$U amOm (King) = 4 C1 4 C1 4 4 4 4
52
  
 C2 52  51 13 51 663
2 1
2) EHw$U amUr (Queen) = 4

3) EHw$U Jwbm‘ (Jack) = 4

EHw$U ’o$g H$mS>©g² : 12

g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm 463

 (Probability)
g§^mì¶Vm
¶m KQ>H$mda Am¶moJmZo {dMmabobo àíZ 4  3  2!

2!
1) 1, 3, 5, 7 d 9 `m A§H$m§Mr nwZamd¥Îmr hmoD$ Z XoVm  12
`m A§H$m§Mm dmna H$ê$Z nmM A§H$s g§»`m V`ma 3) {nedrV 3 bmb, 6 g’o$X Am{U 7 {Zio M|Sy>AmhoV.
Ho$ë`m. Aem gd© eŠ` g§»`m§Mr ~oarO Xe©dUmam Oa ˶mVyZ XmoZ M|Sy> H$mT>bo Va EH$ g’o$X d EH$ {Zim
n`m©` {ZdS>m. M|Sy> AgʶmMr g§^mì¶Vm {ZdS>m.
(STI ‘w»¶-2017) (dZgodm nyd©-2019)
1) 6666666 2) 6666660 1)
30
2) 42 3)
7
4)
6
3) 6666600 4) 6666000 2 20 20
* n¶m©¶ H«$. 3 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 3 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
 3 bmb
5 5! 5! 5! 6 g’o$X
i) EHy$U g§»¶m = P5   
(5  5)! 0! 1! 7 {Zio
 5 4  3 2 = 16c2
 EH$ g’o$X d EH$ {Zio AgʶmMr g§^mì¶Vm
 120
6c1  7c1
120
ii) EH$H$ñWmZr à˶oH$ A§H$ =  24 16c 2
5
åhUOoM, 1,3,5,7 d 9 ho A§H$ à˶oH$s EH$H$ñWmZr 67
24 doim AgVrb. = 16 15
iii) åhUyZ , (1+3+5+7+9)  24  25  24 2 1
67 3 7 21 7
 600  EH$m H$m°b‘ Mr ~oarO 600 ¶oVo. = = = =
Aem EHy$U 5 H$m°b‘ ‘Yrb à˶oH$mMr ~oarO 600 8 15 4  15 60 20
¶oVo. 4) EH$m {nedrV 15 bmb M|Sy> Am{U 20 H$mio M|Sy> AmhoV.
(iv) à˶oH$ M|Sy>da 1 qH$dm 2 qH$dm 3 ¶mn¡H$s EH$ g§»¶m
{bhrbr Amho. EHy$U bmb M|Sy>n¡H$s 20% M|Sy>da 1
66 66 66 60 (hmVMm) Am{U 40% M|Sy>da 3 hr g§»¶m {bhrbr Amho.
X.h h e X E
à˶oH$ H$m°b‘Mr ¶mMàH$mao EHy$U H$mù¶m M|Sy>n¡H$s 45% M|Sy>da 2 hr
600 600 600 600 600
~oarO 600 ¶oVo g§»¶m Am{U 30% M|Sy>da 3 hr g§»¶m {bhrbr Amho.
666 6 6 0 0
˶m {nedrVyZ ¶mÑpÀN>H$[a˶m M|Sy> ~mhoa H$mT>ʶmÀ¶m
Á¶m n¶m©¶m‘ܶo EH$H$ñWmZr (600) Agob Vo CÎma. ñnY}‘ܶo EH$m ~mbH$mZo Oa 3 g§»¶m {bhrbobm bmb
2) {H$Vr àH$mamV 4 nwñVHo$ ABCD EH$mda EH$ R>odVm M|Sy> qH$dm 1 qH$dm 2 g§»¶m {b{hbobm H$mim M|Sy>
`oVrc OoUoH$éZ A d B EH$_oH$m§À`m gm{ÞÜ`mV ¶mÑpÀN>H$nUo ~mhoa H$mT>bm Va Vmo Vr ñnYm© qOH$Vmo
amhUma ZmhrV? (ASO ‘w»¶-2012) Va Vmo ~mbH$ Vr ñnYm© qOH$ʶmMr e³¶Vm {H$Vr Amho?
1) 9 2) 12 3) 14 4) 18 (UPSC CSAT 2018)
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 2 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
1 4 5 12
4! 4! 1) 2) 3) 4)
4
P2  = 2 7 9 13
(4  2)! 2!

g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm 475

 A
‘m{hVr n¥W:H$aU
15 (Data Interpretation)

PART A
Bargraph

gmoS>dbobr CXmhaUo

* Imcrc ñV§^mcoI {eúmUmÀ`m {d{dY Q>ßß`mV doJdoJù`m dfm©_Ü`o ZmoH$arÀ`m emoYmV AgUmè`m§Mr g§»`m Xe©{dVmo.
Ë`mMm Aä`mg H$am d Ë`mImcr {dMmacoë`m àíZm§Mr CÎmao X`m. (àíZ H«§$ 1 Vo 5 )

10 dr nmg 4000
4000
12 dr nmg
3300
3000
nXdrYa

2300

1850 2200
2000
1625 1800
1400 1250
1000 1050
800
1000 725
650 700
525
325 375
1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977
1) H$moUË`m dfu nXdrYa Agcoco ZmoH$ar emoYH$ d 12 dr nmg AgUmao ZmoH$ar emoYH$ `m§Mr g§»`m g‘mZ Amho?
1) 1973 $ 2) 1974 3) 1975 4) 1976
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 2 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
1974  nXdrYa = 525, 12 dr nmg = 1050-525 = 525
2) H$moUË`m dfu 10 dr nmgZ§Va ZmoH$arÀ`m emoYmV Agcoë`m C‘oXdmam§Mr g§»`m gdm©{YH$ Amho?
1) 1973 2) 1975 3) 1972 4) 1977
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 4 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
1977  10 dr nmg Z§Va ZmoH$ar emoYH$ = 4000-2200 = 1800
3) 1973 `m dfm©À`m VwcZoV 1977 _Ü`o ZmoH$arÀ`m emoYmV AgUmè`m§Mr EHy$U g§»`m hr {H$VrZo OmñV Amho?
1) 700 2) 1700 3) 2375 4) 2150
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 3 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
1977  4000, 1973  1625, ’$aH$ = 4000-1625=2375

478 g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm

 (Data Interpretation)
3) P, R Am{U T ¶m H§$nZrX²dmao {dH$ë¶m Joboë¶m b°nQ>m°nMr gamgar g§»¶m {H$Vr?
‘m{hVr n¥W:H$aU

1) 17 hOma 2) 17.33 hOma 3) 18 hOma 4) 16 hOma

4) H§$nZr T X²dmao {dH$bo Jobbo ‘mo~mB©b ’$moZ Am{U H§$nZr Q X²dmao {dH$bo Jobobo b°nQ>m°n ¶m§À¶m g§»¶oMo AZwH«$‘o
JwUmoËVa {H$Vr?
1) 3:5 2) 6:5 3) 5:3 4) 5:6
5) H§$nZr Q Am{U H§$nZr R ¶m§Zr {dH$boë¶m b°nQ>m°nÀ¶m g§»¶oMo JwUmoËVa {H$Vr?
1) 2:5 2) 4:3 3) 3:4 4) 2:3
* Imbrb ñV§^mboImV gmV dfo© X ¶m g§ñWo‘ܶo doJdoJù¶m {d^mJmV H$m‘ H$aUmè¶m H$‘©Mmè¶m§Mr g§»¶m {Xbr
Amho. ˶mMm Aä¶mg H$am d ˶mImbr {dMmaboë¶m àíZm§Mr CËVao Xçm. (à. H«$. 6 Vo 10)

400 A Am°naoeZ {d^mJ

B {gñQ>‘ {d^mJ

350
350 C [agM© A°ÊS> S>oì hbn‘|Q> {d^mJ

330
320

310
300

280
270
260
H$‘©Mmè¶m§Mr g§»¶m

250
240
240

230
220

210

200
180
180

170

160
150

150
140
120

110

100
80

50 ABC ABC ABC

ABC ABC ABC ABC

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

df©

480 g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm

 (Data Interpretation)
‘m{hVr n¥W:H$aU
PART B
Line Graph

gmoS>dbobr CXmhaUo

* Imbrb aofmboI VrZ H§$nݶm§Mm 2012 ¶m dfm©Vrb doJdoJù¶m J«oS²>gÀ¶m H$‘©Mmè¶m§Mr g§»¶m Xe©{dVmo ˶mÀ¶m
AmYmao Imbrb àíZm§Mr CËVao Xçm. (à. H«$. 1 Vo 5)

800
800 H§$nZr A
750 700 700
H§$nZr B
700
650 H§$nZr C 660
650
{ZdS>boë¶m H$‘©Mmè¶m§Mr g§»¶m

600 550
550
500 550

0
450 400 50
400 400
350 350
350
300 250
250 300 300
200
150 200 200
100 150
0
{dËV ghm¶H$ I.T. ghm¶H$ {dnUZ ghm¶H$
à~§YH$ {dËV à~§YH$ à~§YH$ I.T. à~§YH$ {dnUZ
à~§YH$ à~§YH$

1) H§$nZr A ‘Yrb gd© J«oS²>g {‘iyZ H$‘©Mmè¶m§Mr gamgar g§»¶m {H$Vr?

1) 450 2) 460 3) 475 4) 375
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 1 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
* H§$nZr A ‘Yrb gd© J«oS²>g ‘Yrb H$‘©Mmè¶mMr gamgar g§»¶m
150  300  300  500  650  800 2700
= = = 450
6 6

g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm 491

 (Data Interpretation)

¶m KQ>H$mda Am¶moJmZo {dMmabobo àíZ

‘m{hVr n¥W:H$aU

G
F 7% A
15%
A.H«$. ì`{º$Mo Zmd CËnmXZ ({Šd§Q>c_Ü`o) 19%
E B
Ádmar Jhÿ 12% 18%
D

C
1) í`m_ 80 70

6%
23%
2) amOrd 60 40
3) g§Vmof 50 60 amÁ`mZwgma Q>ŠHo$dmar Am{U nwéf d _{hcm nmÌ
4) ahr_ 70 80 C_oXdmam§Mo JwUmoÎma.
5) A{dZme 40 50 amÁ` amÁ`mVyZ CnpñWV nmÌ C_oXdmam§Mo
AgUmè`m nmÌ JwUmoÎma
darb V³Ë¶mdê$Z gd© ì¶{º§$À¶m Ádmar d Jhÿ ¶m§À¶m
EHy$U CËnmXZmÀ¶m 50% CËnmXZ H$aUmar ì¶qº$Mr C_oXdmam§Mr Q>¸o$dmar
OmoS>r H$moUVr? (PSI nyd©-2014) A 49 4:5
1) í`m_ Am{U amOrd 2) í`m_ Am{U ahr_ B 61 6:4
3) g§Vmof Am{U A{dZme 4) A{dZme Am{U ahr_ C 54 7:8
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 2 ñnîQ>rH$aU : D 45 3:2
E 65 7:6
F 57 11 : 8
G 48 9 : 11
amÁ` ‘G’ _YyZ nmÌ AgUmè`m nwéf C_oXdmam§Mr
g§»`m {H$Vr Amho?
1) 4536 2) 4568 3) 5454 4) 5544
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 1 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
 EHy$U CnpñWV C‘oXdma = 3 bmI
 Ádmar d Jhÿ ¶m§Mo EHy$U CËnmXZ = 600 q¹$Q>b  G amÁ¶m‘YyZ CnpñWV C‘oXdma = 7%
 í¶m‘Mo Ádmar d Jhÿ ¶m§Mo EHy$U CËnmXZ = 150 q¹$Q>b 7
 3,00,000   21000
 a{h‘Mo Ádmar d Jhÿ ¶m§Mo EHy$U CËnmXZ = 150 100
q¹$Q>b  G amÁ¶mVyZ nmÌ C‘oXdmam§Mr Q>¸o$dmar = 48%
2) Imcrc AmcoImMm d VŠË`mMm H$miOrnyd©H$ Aä`mg 48
 21,000   10,080
H$am d Ë`mda AmYm[aV àíZm§Mo CÎma Úm. 100
(STI ‘w»¶-2019)  G amÁ¶mVyZ nmÌ nwê$f d ‘{hbm C‘oXdmam§Mo JwUmoÎma =
gmV amÁ`m§Vrc ñnYm©Ë_H$ narjo_Ü`o CnpñWV hmoUmè`m 9 : 11 = 9 x :11 x
C_oXdmam§Mo dJuH$aU.  9 x  11x  10, 080
EHy$U CnpñWV C_oXdma = 3 cmI 20 x  10, 080

520 g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm

 g§H$sU© J{UVo
16 (Miscelleneous)

1) Zo_rcm àË`oH$s 25 {H$J«° Mo 122 ImoHo$ Am{U àË`oH$s 413

20 {H$J« ° Mo 90 ImoH o$ Vi_Oë`mdê$Z 6 ì`m 1776
_Oë`mda Agco ë `m ^m§ S >mamV Ý`m`Mo Amho V . 3) nwT>o {Xcoë`m g_rH$aU g§MmVrc m `m McmgmR>r
_wgiYma nmdgm_wio Ë`mcm _XV H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$moUrhr C{MV g§»`m {Xcoë`m n`m©`m§_YyZ {ZdS>m.
CncãY Zmhr. {câQ>_Ü`o gyMZm Amho. : "H$_mc ^ma (STI nyd©-2013)
5 ì`ŠVr qH$dm 400 {H$J«°' Oa Zo_rMo dOZ 65 x+y=z
{H$J«° Amho Va ho H$m_ gwa{jVnUo H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`mcm
z+p=t
Vi_Ocm Vo 6 dm _Ocm `mà_mUo _mamì`m cmJUmè`m
t+x=m
{H$_mZ \o $ è`m {ZdS>m. (`m \o $ è`mV KZ\$imMo
y + p + m = 100
ì`dñWmnZ H$aVm `oB©c Ago J¥hrV Yam.)
x=8
(PSI ‘w»¶-2019)
(1) 42 (2) 50 (3) 58 (4) 48
1) 14 2) 15 3) 12 4) 13
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 3 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 2 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
25×122 = 3050 x  8
20×90 = 1800 t+x=m
= 4850 z+p+x=m
EH$doir 400 {H$J«° x  y  p  x  M
4800  2x  y  p  M
 = 12 ’o$è¶m
400 y + p = m - 6
 à˶oH$ doir Zo‘rbm {bâQ>‘YyZ OmdoM bmJob.  m  16  100  m
 65 × 12 = 780+50 = 830
 2m  116
800 116
 = 2 ’o$è¶m d m   58
400 2
 30 {H$J«° gmR>r = 1 ’o$ar
 EHw$U ’o$è¶m = 12+2+1=15 4) Oa a*b = a + b + ab Va 8*32 Mr qH$_V
2) 1, 3, 4 `m A§H$m§nmgyZ V`ma hmoUmè`m gd© VrZ {H$Vr? (STI ‘w»¶-2012)
A§H$s g§»`m§Mr ~oarO {H$Vr? (STI nyd©-2012) 1) 56 2) 8 3) 32 4) 40
1) 1776 2) 1876 3) 1666 4) 1676 * CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 1 ñnîQ>rH$aU :
* CËVa : n¶m©¶ H«$. 1 ñnîQ>rH$aU : a*b = a + b + ab
134 8*32 `oWo a  8, b  32
431 8*32 = 8 + 32 + 8 32
314
= 40  256
143
341  40  16  56

g§»¶mË‘H$ A{^¶mo½¶Vm 531

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