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Joey Johnston

Mrs. Novak

English Composition 102

30 January 2022

Thesis Statement: Restorative Justice is a necessary option, but not the replacement of the

criminal justice system because it gives the chance for the prepretors to understand the effect of

their actions, it can potentially build their minds to be more empathetic, and it can also remove

the stigma that criminals are irredeemable humans.

Annotated Bibliography

Armour, Marilyn. “Restorative Justice: Some Facts and History.” Tikkun (Duke University

Press), vol. 27, no. 1, Winter 2012, pp. 25–64. EBSCOhost,

https://web-p-ebscohost-com.cincinnatistate.idm.oclc.org/pov/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=

2&sid=f531cc0c-b77e-4833-915e-9240095df3e3%40redis

Evaluations of victim-offender mediation and family group conferencing are extensive

and, in relationship to youth, these approaches have been examined over a longer period

than most others in the juvenile justice system. The eighty-five studies and four

metaanalyses that have been generated over the past thirty years show consistently high

rates of participant satisfaction in a variety of sites, across many cultures, and in cases

involving both mild and severe offenses.

Belden, David. “Controversies Around Restorative Justice.” Tikkun (Duke University Press),
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vol. 27, no. 1, Winter 2012, pp. 27–68. EBSCOhost,

https://web-p-ebscohost-com.cincinnatistate.idm.oclc.org/pov/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=

6&sid=ac1933c0-687d-4a9e-862d-d8e2e6b35d6f%40redis

Still, many conservatives who do believe in redemption see it as entirely compatible with

punishment. Anyone harmed by crime is likely to feel colossal anger and so traditional

notions of “an eye for an eye” will always have great appeal, especially if no mechanisms

exist for satisfying the victim’s needs for empathy, answers, or restoration. If restorative

options start to divert large numbers from prison, conservative investors in the

prisonindustrial complex will surely mobilize to protect their investment. They are likely

to fund emotive appeals for punishment, many of them in traditional (and selective)

biblical terms, and possibly with racist overtones.

Daniels, Griff. "Restorative justice: Changing the paradigm." Probation Journal, vol. 60, no. 3,

2013, pp. 302-315. OhioLINK Electronic Journal Center,

https://journals.ohiolink.edu/apexprod/rws_ejcsearch/r/1507/99?p99_entity_type=MAIN

_FILE&p99_entity_id=687136&clear=99&cs=3ynNZrJHRos8KZZzPeHy_nD_16nE71O

DcOR8RzkMH-IszYOTvaHr1vCKgwCnGUu-tXiCaQwzMCI2ycCFfbuABSA

A study by Shapland (2008) conducted in Northumbria, London and the Thames Valley

gave a victim satisfaction rate of 85 per cent. Restorative justice brought about a

significant fall in the frequency of offending behaviour by 14 per cent and there were 27

per cent fewer crimes committed by those who had experienced restorative conferencing.

The economic case is equally clear. Evidence from the Restorative Justice Council (RJC,

2010) indicates the use of restorative justice saves the criminal justice system nine times

what it cost to deliver.

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McLaughlin, Aideen. “Restorative Justice with Adults Who Have Offended.” Irish Probation

Journal, vol. 18, Oct. 2021, pp. 213–230. EBSCOhost,

https://web-s-ebscohost-com.cincinnatistate.idm.oclc.org/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid

=5&sid=58b779d2-073e-4ca7-826e-7cb039702129%40redis

Restorative justice has become the established way of working with young

people who have offended and their victims in Northern Ireland. The restorative

process has enabled those victims who wish to participate to share the impact

of the offence, and to contribute to the youth conference plan, supporting the

young person to desist from offending. Studies have found it to be an effective

way of working. Of the individual victims identified during 2018/19, 83.5 per

cent participated in the YJA conference process and 95.7 per cent of victims

surveyed expressed satisfaction with the restorative process.

Strang, Heather. “Experiments in Restorative Justice.” Regulatory Theory: Foundations and

Applications, edited by PETER DRAHOS, ANU Press, 2017, pp. 483–98,

http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1q1crtm.39.

Over the past 20 years, the RISE research team has published extensively on the findings

of the experiments. The mass of data relating to findings gathered by observation of RISE

cases disposed of both by court and by RJ conferencing, and by the interviewing of

participants in those cases, is summarised in a major report published on the website of

the Australian Institute of Criminology (Strang et al. 2011). Results concerning

reoffending patterns among offenders in the four RISE experiments, in all their

complexity, have been reported elsewhere (see Sherman et al. 2000; Sherman and Strang

2007, 2012; Strang et This content downloaded from 204.10.221.73 on Thu, 27 Jan 2022

17:59:28 UTC All use subject to htt 493 28. Experiments in restorative justice al. 2013),
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but, in brief, the following claims can be made without equivocation about the effects of

RJ compared with court over the two years following disposition: • The juvenile/youth

violence experiment showed that RJ reduced reoffending significantly more successfully

than did court. • The juvenile property experiment showed that, across all offenders, court

reduced reoffending significantly more successfully than did RJ. This was due to the

dramatic backfiring effect of RJ with Aboriginal property offenders; for white offenders,

there was no significant difference between court and RJ. • The drink-driving experiment

showed that courts reduced reoffending better than RJ. • Across all experiments there

were significantly higher perceptions of procedural fairness among both victims and

offenders whose cases were dealt with by RJ than by court. • In both the property and the

violence experiments, victims expressed much higher levels of satisfaction with RJ than

with court (see Strang 2002).