Candidate’s Name: National ID:

Ports and Maritime Organization

Seafarers' Affairs Directorate
Exam Code: TEMK-994

Subject: Motor Engineering Knowledge Date: 1399.11.13

Rank: 3rd Engineer Time Allowed: 3 Hours
(Pass mark: 60)
Q1 With regard to slow speed diesel engines:
a) State what the term “scavenging” means? 2 marks
b) By the aid of simple scatch describe three basic methods of scavenging within the 9 marks
cylinder.
c) State which method is commonly used on modern engines and why this method is 5 marks
preferred to the others.

Source: A.J Wharton Diesel Engines page 30, 31, 32

In an internal combustion engine this is the removal of exhaust gas from the cylinder
after combustion and its replenishment with air for subsequent combustion. Efficient
scavenging is necessary for good combustion and it is required for the very first
working cycle of the engine. The passage of scavenge air will also assist cooling of the
cylinder, piston and valves.
(a) Loop scavenge in which air passes over the piston crown and rises to form a loop
within the cylinder, expelling gas through exhaust ports cut in the same side of the liner
above the scavenge ports.
(b) Cross scavenge where air is directed upwards, passing under the cylinder cover
and down the opposite side, expelling gas through exhaust ports on that side.
(c) Uniflow or through scavenge in which air passes straight up through the length of
the cylinder, forcing the exhaust through ports or valves at the top of the cylinder.

Uniflow or through scavenge with a large centrally positioned exhaust valve is used
in most modern, slow-speed, large engines. It allows design of efficient long-stroke
 engines and is less susceptible to damage from the products of combustion from low
quality heavy fuels. Absence of exhaust ports allows the liner to be of simpler
construction, long piston skirts are not necessary and cylinder lubrication is
satisfactory and economical. The swirl imparted by the port edges causes the air to
rotate as it rises through the cylinder.

Q2 With respect to charge air cooler:

a) State why carrying over of condensate water to the engine can have determination 4 marks
effects?
b) With the aid of simple scetch explain how the moisture carries over to the engine is 6 marks
minimized.
c) Is the airconditioner condensate water suitable for use in the boiler? Explain your 3 marks
answer.
d) State why the water drain discharge should be noted. 3 marks

Source: Reeds VOL 12 Motor Engineering Knowledge page 139,140,141

Due to the presence of free oxygen in air cooler condensate water, a sever increase in
corrosion in the boiler is very likely, so the use of this water is not recommended.
 The drain should be kept open and its discharge noted, this will indicate if a cooler water
leak has occurred or due to any reasons it becomes chocked.

Q3 State the role of fallowings on compressors operation:

a) Intercooler 4 marks
b) Water drains 4 marks
c) Operating temperature 4 marks
d) Suction air filter 4 marks
Source: Reeds VOL 12 Motor Engineering Knowledge page 200, 201
1) Reduces the running hours of the compressor.
Advantages of using intercoolers:
2) Increases the volumetric efficiency. (This is the ratio of the delivered air over the
volume, traveled by the piston.)
3) The overall process will be more isothermal, without excessive cooling in each stage.
4) According to the formula PV = mRT, reducing the temperature in constant pressure and
volume, results increasing of the mass-flow (m).

Q4 a) The crankshaft is called the backbone of the diesel engine, state with the reason why 4 marks
 this part is so important.
b) Diagrammatically show the variable loads which a crankshaft is subjected to. 4 marks
c) List the methods of crankshaft fabrication, then state with the reason which one is
suitable for a medium speed diesel engine crankshaft. 10
marks
Source: Reeds VOL 12 Motor Engineering Knowledge page 46, 49, 50, 51
Q5 With regards to slow speed diesel engines:
a) Describe with the aid of sketch tow main methods of the lubricating crosshead and 8 marks
bottom end bearings.
b) Compare two methods in part “a” question stating the merits and demerits of each 4 marks
method.
 c) Describe a suitable method for lubricating high-speed engines bottom end bearings. 4 marks

Source: Reeds VOL 12 Motor Engineering Knowledge page 66, 67, 68

Q6 With reference to cylinder liner:
a) Sketch a diagram showing a “crosshead engine liner” wear profile. 4 marks
b) Explain why some part of the liner has a greater wear rate. 6 marks
c) State what the ships engineers can do to minimize liner wear. 8 marks
Source: Reeds VOL 12 Motor Engineering Knowledge page 79, 78, 76
Good Luck