PHYSICS

FLUID MECHANICS
(Exercises)

JEE Main + Advanced

 EXERCISE
LEVEL – 01 (Conceptual)
ONLY ONE CHOICE CORRECT
1. Figure shows the vertical cross-section of a vessel filled with liquid of density
. The normal thrust per unit area on the walls of the vessel at point P, as
shown will be –

P
 H
O Qh

(A) h  g (B) (H – h)  g
(C) (H – h)  g cos  (D) H  g

2. A liquid is kept in a cylindrical vessel which is rotated about its axis. The liquid
rises at the sides. If the radius of the vessel is 0.05 m and the speed of rotation
is 2 rev s–1, the difference in height of the liquid at the centre of vessel and its
sides is–
(A) 0.01 m (B) 0.02 m
(C) 0.03 m (D) 0.04 m

3. A wooden object floats in water kept in a beaker. The object is near a side of
the beaker see (figure). Let P1, P2, P3 be the pressures at the three points A, B
and C of the bottom as shown in the figure -

A B C
(A) P1 = P2 = P3 (B) P1 < P2 < P3
(C) P1 > P2 > P3 (D) P2 = P3  P1

4. In a hydraulic press there is a larger piston of diameter

35 cm at a height of 1.5 m relative to the smaller piston
of diameter 10 cm. A 20 kg mass is loaded on the smaller 1.5 m 20 kg
piston. Density of oil in the press is 750 kg/m3. The thrust
on the load by the larger piston is -
(A) 1.1 × 103 N (B) 1.3 × 103 N
(C) 1.1 × 104 N (D) 1.3 × 104 N

0.
5. Three liquids having densities 1, 2 and 3 are filled in a U-tube. Length of each
liquid column is equal to . 1 > 2 > 3 and liquids remain at rest (relative to

the tube) in the position shown in figure. It is possible Atmoshpere Atmoshpere

that–
(A) U-tube is accelerating leftwards
(B) U-tube is accelerating upwards with acceleration g 1 3
 
(C) U-tube is moving with a constant velocity
2
(D) None of these

6. A metal cube is placed in an empty vessel. When water is filled in the vessel
so that the cube is completely immersed in the water, the force on the bottom
of the vessel in contact with the cube -
(A) will increase (B) will decrease
(C) will remain the same (D) will become zero

7. A wooden block, with a coin placed on its top, floats in water as shown in fig.
the distance l and h are shown there. After some time the coin falls into the
water. Then Coin

(A) l decreases and h increases

l
(B) l increases and h decreases
h
(C) Both l and h increase
(D) Both l and h decrease

8. A slender homogeneous rod of length 2L floats partly immersed in water, being

supported by a string fastened to one of its ends, as shown. The specific gravity
of the rod is 0.75. The length of rod that extends out of water is –
L
(A) L (B) 2L
2
L
(C) (D) 3L
4

9. Figure shows a siphon. The liquid shown is water. The pressure difference PB –
PA between the points A and B is-
Fluid Mechanics
•
A
•
B

(A) 400 N/m2 (B) 3000 N/m2

(C) 1000 N/m2 (D) zero

1.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
10. Water in a tank is filled to a depth H whose side walls are vertical. A hole is
made on one of the walls at a depth h below the free surface of water. If R is
the distance at which the stream strikes the ground, then –
(A) R = 2h(H − h) (B) R = 2 hH

(C) R = 2 H(H − h) (D) R = 2 h(H − h)

11. Area of muzzle is A. Due to ejection of water (density = ) at a velocity v, the

spring is compressed as shown in figure. The compression in spring, in
equilibrium, is–
v 2 A v 2 A K
(A) (B)
2K K
2v 2 A 4 v 2 A
(C) (D)
K K

12. A tank full of water has a small hole at its bottom. Let t1 be the time taken to
empty first half of the tank and t2 be the time needed to empty rest half of the
tank, then–
(A) t1 = t2 (B) t1 > t2
t2
(C) t1 = 0.414 t2 (D) t1 =
2

13. A vertical jet of water coming out of a nozzle with velocity 20 m/s supports a
plate of mass M stationary at a height h = 15 m, as shown in the figure. If the
rate of water flow is 1 litre per second, the mass of the plate is: (Assume the
collision to be inelastic)
M
15 m

v = 20 m/s

(A) 1 kg (B) 1.414 kg

(C) 2 kg (D) 10 kg Fluid Mechanics

14. A square gate of size 1m × 1m is hinged at its mid-point. A fluid of density 

fills the space to the left of the gate. The force F required to hold the gate
stationary is -
g 1
(A) (B) g Hinge
3 2
g F
(C) (D) none
6

2.
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15. A cubical block is floating in a liquid with half of its volume immersed in the
liquid. When the whole system accelerates upwards with a net acceleration of
g/3. The fraction of volume immersed in the liquid will be -

g/3

(A) 1/2 (B) 3/8

(C) 2/3 (D) 3/4

16. The tension in a string holding a solid block below the surface of a liquid (of
density greater than that of solid) as shown in the figure is T0 when the system
is at rest. What will be the tension in the string if the system has upward
acceleration a.
 a a 
(A) T0  1 +  (B) T0  − 1 
 g g 
T0 a
 a a
(C) T0  1 −  (D) T
 g g 0

17. A container having a hole at the bottom is free to move on a horizontal surface.
As the liquids comes out, the container moves in a backward direction with an
acceleration a and finally (when all the fluid has drained out) acquires a velocity
v. Neglect the mass of the container itself.

(A) both a and v depend on h

(B) only a depends on h
(C) only v depends on h
(D) both a and v do not depend on h

18. A large open tank has two holes in the wall. One is a square hole of side L at
a depth y from the top and the other is a circular hole of radius R at a depth
4y from the top. When the tank is completely filled with water, the quantities Fluid Mechanics
of water flowing out per second from both holes are the same. Then, R is equal
to -
L
(A) (B) 2L
2
L
(C) L (D)
2

3.
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19. A hemispherical portion of radius R is removed from the bottom of a cylinder
of radius R. The volume of the remaining cylinder is V and its mass M. It is
suspended by a string in a liquid of density  where it stays vertical. The upper
surface of the cylinder is at a depth h below the liquid surface. The force on
the bottom of the cylinder by the liquid is

h

2R
(A) Mg (B) Mg – Vg
(C) Mg + R2hg (D) g(V + R2h)

20. A vessel filled with water upto height 3m. There is a hole at height 52.5 cm
from the bottom. Ratio of area of cross section of hole to vessel is 0.1. Then
square of velocity of the water coming out of hole in (m/s)2
(A) 50 (B) 50.5
(C) 51 (D) 40

21. A closed compartment containing gas is moving with some acceleration in

horizontal direction. Neglect effect of gravity. Then the pressure in the
compartment is–
(A) same everywhere (B) lower in the front side
(C) lower in the rear side (D) lower in the upper side

22. A non-viscous liquid of constant density 103 kg/m3 flows in streamline motion
along a vertical tube PQ of variable cross-section. Height of P and Q are 2m
and 2.5m respectively. Area of tube at Q = 3 time area of tube at P. Find the
work done per unit volume by pressure as liquid flows from P to Q. Speed of
liquid at P is 3 m/s (g = 10 m/s2).
(A) 2000 J/m3 (B) 1000 J/m3
(C) 1575 J/m3 (D) 9000 J/m3
Fluid Mechanics
23. A wide vessel with is filled with water of density 1 and
kerosene of density 2. The thickness of water layer is h2 Kerosene

h1 and that of kerosene layer is h2. The gauge pressure

at the bottom of the vessel will be h1 Water
(A) h11g (B) h22g
(C) h11g + h22g (D) h12g + h21g

4.
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24. A conical flask of mass 10 kg and base area 103 cm2 is floating in liquid of
specific gravity 1.2 as shown in the figure. The force that liquid exerts on curved
surface of conical flask is (g = 10 m/s2)

 10cm

(A) 20 N in downward direction (B) 40 N in downward direction

(C) 20 N in upward direction (D) 40 N in upwards direction

25. An open vessel containing water is given a constant acceleration a in the

horizontal direction. Then the free surface of water gets sloped with the
horizontal at an angle  given by
a g
(A)  = tan–1   (B)  = tan–1  
g a
a g
(C)  = sin–1   (D)  = cos–1  
g a

26. A false balance is such that the beam remains horizontal when the pans are
empty. An object weights W1 when placed in one pan and W2 when placed in
the other pan. Then the weight W of the object is
W1 + W2
(A) WW
1 2
(B)
2
W1 − W2
(C) W12 + W22 (D)
2

27. The spring balance A reads 2 kg with a block m suspended from it. A balance
B reads 5 kg when a beaker with liquid is put on the pan of the balance. The
two balances are now so arranged that the hanging mass is inside the liquid in
the beaker as shown in figure. In this situation

A
Fluid Mechanics
m
B

(A) the balance A will read more than 2 kg

(B) the balance B will read less than 5 kg
(C) the balance A will read less than 2 kg
(D) the balance A and B will read 2 kg and 5 kg respectively

5.
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28. A sphere of radius R has a concentric cavity of radius r. The relative density of
the material of the sphere is . It just floats when placed in a tank full of water.
R
The ratio is
r
1/3 1/3
  − 1   
(A)   (B)  
     − 1
2 3
  + 1   
(C)   (D)  
     + 1

29. A cylindrical vessel contains a liquid of density  upto a height h. The liquid is
closed by a piston of mass m and area of cross-section A. There is a small
hole at the bottom of the vessel. The speed v with which the liquid comes
out of the hole is: (neglect presence of atmosphere)

m, A
h
v

 mg 
(A) 2gh (B) 2  gh + 
 A 

 mg  mg
(C) 2  gh +  (D) 2gh +
 A  A

30. The height of water in a vessel is h. The vessel wall of width b is at an angle 
to the vertical. The net force exerted by the water on the wall is
B

h

A
1
(A) bgh2 g cos  (B) bh2g
3
1 Fluid Mechanics
(C) ph2 g sec  (D) zero
2

6.
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 LEVEL – 02 (Understanding)
1. A liquid of density 1 and 2 stand in the bent tube as shown. Then –

2
1 2x

M x
x N
60º 30º

(A) PM = PN (B) 2 = 2 3 1
(C) 1 = 2 3 2 (D) PN = Px

2. A tank, which is open at the top, contains a liquid up to a height H. A small hole
is made in the side of the tank at a distance y below the liquid surface. The
liquid emerging from the hole lands at a distance x from the tank

x
(A) if y is increased from zero to H, x will first increase and then decrease.
(B) x is maximum for y = H/2
(C) the maximum value of x is H.
(D) the maximum value of x will depend on the density of the liquid.

3. From the diagram you can conclude that–

F1

a A
P1 Fluid Mechanics
P2 F2
a3
2 2

 P3
(A) AF1 = aF2
(B) P1 = P2 = P3
(C) F2 > F1
(D) F2 < F1

7.
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4. A small solid ball of density  is held inside at point A a cubical container of
side L, filled with an ideal liquid of density 4 as shown in the figure. Now, if
the container starts moving with constant acceleration a horizontally and the
ball is released from point A simultaneously, then
P Q
L/2
A a
L/2

R L S
(A) For ball to hit the top of container at end Q, a = 3g
(B) For ball to hit the top of container at end Q, a = 2g
L
(C) Ball hits the top of container at end Q after a time t =
3g

2L
(D) Ball hits the top of container at end Q after a time t =
3g

5. A wooden plank of length 1 m and uniform cross-section is hinged at one end

to the bottom of a tank. The tank is filled with water upto a height of 0.5 m.
The specific gravity of the plank is 0.5. The plank makes an angle of 45º with
the vertical in the equilibrium position. A is the mid-point of the plank. B is
the middle point of the dipped part of the plank. Which of the following is
correct?
P
(A) The weight of the plank acts downwards at A
A
(B) The buoyant force acts through B
45º B
1
(C) OB = m
2 O
(D) Both (B) and (C)

6. The spring balance A reads 2 kg with a block m suspended from it. A balance
B reads 5 kg when a beaker with liquid is put on the pan of the balance. The
two balance are now so arranged that the hanging mass is inside the liquid in
the beaker as shown in the figure. In this situation–
Fluid Mechanics

(A) the balance A will read more than 2 kg A

(B) the balance B will read more than 5 kg
(C) the balance A will read less than 2 kg and balance B read
more than 5 kg B
(D) the balance A and B will read 2 kg and 5kg respectively

8.
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7. As a liquid of density  flows through the tube shown in a streamlined way–
h
a1
A
B a
2
(A) rate of flow reduces from a1 to a2
(B) rate of flow increases from a1 to a2
(C) h is a measure of pressure difference at A and B
(D) pressure at A has to be more than that at B by hg

8. An object is floating in a liquid, kept in a container. The container is placed in

a lift. Choose the correct option(s)
(A) Buoyant force increases as lift accelerates up
(B) Buoyant force decreases as lift accelerates up
(C) Buoyant force remains constant as lift accelerates
(D) The fraction of solid submerged into liquid does not change

9. A solid is completely immersed in a liquid. The force exerted by the liquid on

the solid will–
(A) increase if it is pushed deeper inside the liquid
(B) change if its orientation is changed
(C) decrease if it is taken partially out of the liquid
(D) be in the vertically upward direction

10. In the figure shown, water drains out through a small hole of a large tank (P0 :
atmospheric pressure)-

(A) pressure at the point C is atmospheric A

H H/2
(B) pressure at the point B is g H B
2
C
H
(C) pressure at the point B is less than g
2
(D) velocity head at the point B is negligible

Fluid Mechanics
11. The weight of an empty balloon on a spring balance is W1. The weight becomes
W2 when the balloon is filled with air. Let the weight of the air itself be w.
Neglect the thickness of the balloon when it is filled with air. Also neglect the
difference in the densities of air inside and outside the balloon.
(A) W2 = W1 (B) W2 = W1 + w
(C) W2 < W1 + w (D) W2 > W1

9.
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12. Which of the following is correct?
(A) The thrust on a disc placed at the bottom of a water tank is F. If this disc
is replaced by a disc of double the area, the thrust will be 2F
(B) For stable equilibrium of a floating object, the metacentre should be
vertically above the centre of gravity
(C) Only (A) and (B)
(D) A piece of wood floating in water is kept in a bottle connected to an air
pump. When more air is pushed into the bottle by working the pump, then
the upthrust due to air increases

PARAGRAPH BASED QUESTIONS

PASSAGE - I (Q. 13 to 15)
According to toricellian theorem the velocity of efflux of a liquid is a function
of the depth at which the hole is made. This does not mean that the liquid at
the same level as the hole will be moving in the container. This is going to be
against the effect of gravity in holding the liquid. The liquid on flowing out can
be considered a horizontal projectile. The time for reaching the ground depends
on the height of the hole above the ground level. To have maximum range on
the ground, one has to make the hole at appropriate point. These facts are
applicable for streamlined flow of non-viscous and incompressible liquids
where Bernoulli's theorem is applicable.

13. The range of the water flow as the hole is made at the middle of the height H
is–
H
(A) H (B)
2
H
(C) (D) 2H
4

14. Time taken for the liquid to touch the ground varies with depth ‘h’ where the
hole is made as–
2h 2(H − h)
(A) (B)
g g2 Fluid Mechanics
2(H − h) (H − h)
(C) (D)
g g

15. For two holes made at distance h from the top and bottom, the range are R1
and R2. Then–

(A) R1 = R2 (B) R1= (H − h)R2

(C) R1 = 4R2 (D) R1 = (H – h)R2

10.
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PASSAGE-II (Q. 16 to 18)
With the help of Archimedes's principle, one can understand the floating nature
and defects in metal formation. One can easily find out the amount of space
left hollow in a sphere. For a body to float, there should be a balance between
the weight of the body and the upthrust. The apparent weight felt differs based
on the volume immersed in the liquid. More than one liquid may also balance
the mass while floating. In a frame accelerated down with ‘a’ any mass will
experience a normal force of m(g – a).

16. The weight felt by a body floating on a liquid will be–

(A) zero
(B) depends on volume immersed
(C) depends on volume above the liquid
(D) equal to its weight in air

17. For a cubical block () to float in a pair of liquids of density 1 and 2 as shown,
the relation between , 1 and 2 is–
22 +  1
(A)  = 1 + 2 (B)  = 1
3 x
 1 + 2  2 2x
(C)  = 2 +  (D)  =
1 2 2

18. If the container in which a body floats in a liquid falls under gravity, the
upthrust felt by the body will be (symbols carry usual meaning)–
(A) zero (B) V g


V
(C) g (D) Vb b g
2

PASSAGE-IV (Q. 19 to 21)

A cylindrical container of length L is full to the brim with a liquid which has
density . It is placed on a weight-scale; the scale reading is W. A light ball
which would float on the liquid if allowed to do so, of volume V and mass m is Fluid Mechanics
pushed gently down and held beneath the surface of the liquid with a rigid rod
of negligible volume as shown on the left.
rigid rod

11.
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19. What is the mass M of liquid which overflowed while the ball was being pushed
into the liquid?
(A) V (B) m
(C) m – V (D) None

20. What is the reading of the scale when the ball is fully immersed ?
(A) W – Vg (B) W
(C) W + mg – Vg (D) None

21. If instead of being pushed down by a rod, the ball is held in place by a thin
string attached to the bottom of the container as shown on the right. What is
the tension T in the string?
(A) (V – m)g (B) Vg
(C) mg (D) None

PASSAGE – IV (Q. 22-24)

A cylindrical vessel of radius 1m and height 3m is filled with an ideal liquid upto
a height of 2m as shown in figure. The cylinder is rotated about its axis with
angular velocity .

h1
h0

R
22. The maximum value of angular velocity of the cylindrical vessel so that the
liquid will not start spilling over the brim is
(A) 2 5 rad/s (B) 2 10 rad/s

(C) 2 15 rad/s (D) 3 10 rad/s

23. If liquid is not spilling over the brim, the bottom most point of the liquid
meniscus will be at a height of h from the base of the cylindrical vessel. The
value of h is Fluid Mechanics
(A) 2 m (B) 1 m
(C) 1.5 m (D) 1.2 m

24. The angular velocity of the cylindrical vessel so that half of the initial volume will spill
out is
(A) 2 10 rad/s (B) 2 15 rad/s

(C) 3 10 rad/s (D) 110 rad/s

12.
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Matrix Match Type
25. Match the column.
Column-I Column-II
1. Equation of continuity P. P1 – P2 = g(h2 – h1)
2. Bernoulli’s equation Q. v= 2gh
3. Torricell’s theorem R. A1v1 = A2v2
4. Hydrostatics S. 1
P + gh + v2 = constant
2

(A) 1- R; 2 – S; 3 – Q; 4 - P (B) 1- R; 2 – S; 3 – Q; 4 - S
(C) 1- P; 2 – Q; 3 – R; 4 - S (D) 1- S; 2 – R; 3 – Q; 4 – P

26. A rectangular block of density , base area A and height h is kept on a spring.
The lower end of spring is fixed on the bottom of an empty vessel of base area
2A. The block compresses the spring by h/4 at equilibrium. The vessel is then
slowly filled by a liquid of density 2 till the spring becomes relaxed. The block
is then slowly pushed inside the liquid till it is immersed completely. Work done
to push the block completely inside is W1, work done by gravity on the block is
W2, and work done by upthrust is W3. Match the following based on the above
statements.

h m

Column-I Column-II
1. | W1 | P. 5gh2 A
8
2. | W2 | Q. gh2 A
8
3. | W3 | R. 3gh2 A
4
Fluid Mechanics
S. gh2 A
4

(A) 1-P; 2-Q; 3-R (B) 1-P; 2-S; 3-R

(C) 1-Q; 2-S; 3-R (D) 1-S; 2-R; 3-Q

13.
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27. In the table shown below, Column-II shows the possible outcomes to the water
level of a swimming pool when a person standing on a boat in it does any one
of the actions shown in Column-I. Match the possible outcomes.
Column-I Column-II
i. He throws a 20 kg iron anchor p. It becomes lowers
from the boat into the water,
which then settles at the
bottom (iron > water).
ii. He throws out a 20 kg log of q. It becomes higher
wood from the boat. The log
floats on water (wood < water).
iii. He empties 20 kg of water r. It stays the same
from the boat into the pool.
iv. He drinks some water from s. Cannot be predicted from
the pool. the information given.
Now match the given columns and select the correct option from the codes
given below.
Codes:
(A) i-q, ii-r, iii-p, iv-s (B) i-p, ii-r, iii-r, iv-r
(C) i-s, ii-s, iii-p, iv-s (D) i-p, ii-s, iii-r, iv-q

28. A bottle is kept on the ground as shown in the figure. The bottle can be
modelled as having two cylindrical zones. The lower zone of the bottle has a
cross-sectional radius of R 2 and is filled with honey of density 2. The upper
zone of the bottle is filled with the water of density  and has a cross-sectional
radius R. The height of the lower zone is H while that of the upper zone is 2H.
If now the honey and the water parts are mixed together to form a homogenous
solution (Assume that total volume does not change).

Fluid Mechanics
Column-I Column-II
i. Net force on bottle in horizontal p. Zero
direction
ii. Pressure at base of bottle before q. 9
mixing of water and honey gH
2
iii.Pressure at the base after mixing r. 4gH
iv. Pressure at point P (figure) after s. 3gH
mixing.
Now match the given columns and select the correct option from the codes
given below.

14.
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 Codes:
(A) i-p, ii-r, iii-q, iv-s (B) i-p, ii-s, iii-q, iv-r
(C) i-s, ii-r, iii-p, iv-q (D) i-p, ii-q, iii-r, iv-s

29. When ice melts completely, level of liquid in which ice is submerged.
Column-I Column-II

i. p. Increases

q. Decreases
ii.

iii. r. Remains same

iv. s. May increases or decreases

Density of oil is greater than Fluid Mechanics

density of ice.
Density of oil is less than
density of water.
Now match the given columns and select the correct option from the codes
given below.
Codes:
(A) i-p, ii-r, iii-q, iv-s (B) i-p, ii-r, iii-q, iv-p
(C) i-r, ii-q, iii-r, iv-q (D) i-p, ii-q, iii-r, iv-s

15.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
30. A liquid of density  pushes the vertical plate of the gate to right. Match the
following column:

Column-I Column-II
i. Force on the vertical gate p. 1
gbh2
3
ii. Force on the horizontal plate q. 1
gbh2
6
iii. Force on the triangle 1 r. 1
gbh2
2
iv. Force on the triangle 2 s. ghbc
Now match the given columns and select the correct option from the codes
given below.
Codes:
(A) i-p, ii-s, iii-q, iv-r (B) i-p, ii-r, iii-q, iv-s
(C) i-r, ii-s, iii-p, iv-q (D) i-p, ii-q, iii-r, iv-s

Fluid Mechanics

16.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
 LEVEL – 03 (In Depth)
Subjective Question
1. Water flows through the tube shown in figure. The areas of cross section of the
wide and the narrow portions of the tube are 5 cm2 and 2 cm2 respectively.
The rate of flow of water through the tube is 500 cm2/s. Find the difference of
mercury levels in the U-tube.

water

Mercury

2. Two solid uniform spheres each of radius 5 cm are connected by a light staring
and totally immersed in a tank of water. If the specific gravities of the sphere
are 0.5 and 2, find the tension in the string and the pressure between the
bottom of the tank and the heavier sphere.

3. A flat bottomed thin-walled glass tube has a diameter of 4 cm and it weights

30 g. The centre of gravity of the empty tube is 10 cm above the bottom. Find
the amount of water which must be poured into the tube so that when it is
floating vertically in a tank of water, the centre of gravity of the tube and its
contents is at the midpoint of the immersed length of the tube.

4. A copper piece of mass 10 g is suspended by a vertical spring. The spring

elongates 1 cm over its natural length to keep the piece in equilibrium. A beaker
containing water is now placed below the piece so as to immerse the piece
completely in water. Find the elongation of the spring. Density of copper = 9000
Fluid Mechanics
kg/m3. Take g = 10 m/s2.

5. An ornament weighting 36 g in air, weights only 34 g in water. Assuming that

some copper is mixed with gold to prepare the ornament, find the amount of
copper in it. Specific gravity of gold is 19.3 and that of copper is 8.9.

6. A hollow spherical body of inner and outer radii 6 cm and 8 cm respectively

floats half submerged in water. Find the density of the material of the sphere.

17.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
7. The area of cross section of a large tank is 0.5 m2. It has on opening near the
bottom having area of cross section 1 cm2. A load of 20 kg is applied on the water
at the top. Find the velocity of the water coming out of the opening at the time
when the height of water level is 50 cm above the bottom. Take g = 10 m/s2.

8. A cylindrical object of outer diameter 10 cm, height 20 cm and density 8000

kg/m3 is supported by a vertical spring and is half dipped in water as shown in
figure (A) Find the elongation of the spring in equilibrium condition. (B) If the
object is slightly depressed and released, find the time period of resulting
oscillations of the object. The spring constant = 500 N/m.

9. Water leaks out from an open tank through a hole of area 2 mm2 in the bottom.
Suppose water is filled up to a height of 80 cm and the area of cross section
of the tank is 0.4 m2. The pressure at the open surface and at the hole are
equal to the atmospheric pressure. Neglect the small velocity of the water near
the open surface in the tank. (A) Find the initial speed of water coming out of
the hole. (B) Find the speed of water coming out when half of water has leaked
out. (C) Find the volume of water leaked out during a time interval dt after the
height remained is h. Thus find the decrease in height dh in terms of h and dt.
(D) From the result of part (C) find the time required for half of the water to
leak out.
10. A cube of ice floats partly in water land partly in K. oil. Find the ratio of the
Fluid Mechanics
volume of ice immersed in water to that in K.oil. Specific gravity of K. oil is 0.8
and that of ice is 0.9.

K. Oil

Water

18.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
11. A glass full of water has a bottom of area 20 cm2, top of area 20 cm2, height
20 cm and volume half a litre.
(A) Find the force exerted by the water on the bottom.
(B) Considering the equilibrium of the water , find the resultant force exerted
by the sides of the glass on the water. Atmospheric pressure = 1.0 × 105
N/m2.
Density of water = 10000 kg/m3 and g = 10 m/s2. Take all numbers to be exact.

20 cm

20 cm2

12. A cylindrical vessel with water is rotated about its vertical axis with a constant
angular velocity . Find the shape of the free surface of the water.

13. A hollow conical vessel floats in water with its vertex downwards and a certain
depth of its axis immersed. When water is poured into it up to the level
originally immersed, it sinks till its mouth is on level with the surface of water.
What fraction of its height was originally under water?

14. A U-tube having uniform cross-section but unequal arm

A
lengths l1 and l2 (< l1) has same liquid of density 1 filled in
B
it upto a height h as shown in figure. Another liquid of
l1
density 2 = (1/2) is poured in arm A. Both liquids are 1 l2
h
immiscible. What length of the second liquid should be
poured in A so that first overtone of A is in unison with
fundamental tone of B. (Take l1 = 5 m, l2 = 1 m and h = 0.5 m)

15. State and prove Bernoulli’s theorem. The reading of pressure metre attached
with a closed pipe is 3.5  10 Nm–2. On opening the value of the pipe, the
4

reading of the pressure metre is reduced to 3.0  10 Nm–2. Calculate the speed
5

of the water flowing in the pipe.

16. A manometer shown in the figure contains a liquid of density . Find the
Fluid Mechanics
difference in the levels when the manometer rotates with a constant angular
velocity  about one of its vertical limbs.

a
19.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
17. A cylindrical tank having cross sectional area A = 5.0 m2 is filled with two liquids
of density 1 = 900 kg m–3 and 2 = 600 kg m–3 to height h = 60 cm each as
shown in figure. A small hole having area a = 5 cm2 is made in right vertical
wall at a height y = 20 cm from the bottom. Calculate:

h 2

h 1
F

(A) velocity of efflux

(B) horizontal force F to keep the cylinder in static equilibrium, if it is placed
on a smooth horizontal plane.
(C) minimum and maximum values of F to keep the cylinder in static
equilibrium, if coefficient of friction between the cylinder and the plane is
 = 0.001. (g = 10 m/s2)

18. A tube is dipped in mercury as shown. The length of the tube above mercury
level is 76 cm. n moles of an ideal monatomic gas is trapped in the tube. Find
the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of gas by T.
(Atmospheric pressure= 76 cm of Hg, Neglect the mercury vapour pressure
above mercury level and heat capacity of mercury, tube and vessel)

76cm

19. In making an alloy, a substance of specific gravity s1 and mass m1 is mixed

with another substance of specific gravity s2 and mass m2 ; then find the Fluid Mechanics
specific gravity of the alloy.

1
20. Two solids A and B float in water. It is observed that A floats with of its
2
1
body immersed in water and B floats with of its volume above the water
4
level. The ratio of the density of A to that of B is

20.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
Numerical Value Type
1. An incompressible liquid flows through a horizontal tube as shown in the
following fig. Then the velocity v (in m/s) of the fluid is
v2 = 1.5
A m

v1 = 3 m/s A

1.5 A
v

2. A large tank filled with water to a height ‘h’ is to be emptied through a small
hole at the bottom. The ratio of time taken for the level of water to fall from h
h h
to and from to zero is:
2 2

3. A ball of radius r and density  falls freely under gravity through

a distance h before entering water. Velocity of ball does not h

change even on entering water. If viscosity of water is , the value

2
2   − 1
of h is given by r 4   g , then find the value of n.
n   

4. There is a hole in the bottom of tank having water. If total pressure at bottom
is 3 atm (1 atm = 105N/m2) then the velocity (in m/s) of water flowing from hole
is

5. An L-shaped tube with a small orifice is held in a water stream as shown in fig.
The upper end of the tube is 10.6 cm above the surface of water. What will be
the height (in cm) of the jet of water coming from the orifice? Velocity of water
stream is 2.45 m/s.

2.45 m/s
Fluid Mechanics
6. A U-tube in which the cross-sectional area of the limb on the
Water

left is one quarter, the limb on the right contains mercury

(density 13.6 g/cm3). The level of mercury in the narrow limb
is at a distance of 36 cm from the upper end of the tube. What
will be the rise (in cm) in the level of mercury in the right limb
Mercur
if the left limb is filled to the top with water y

21.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
7. A homogeneous solid cylinder of length L (L  H / 2) . Cross-sectional area A / 5
is immersed such that it floats with its axis vertical at the liquid-liquid interface
with length L / 4 in the denser liquid as shown in the fig. The lower density liquid
is open to atmosphere having pressure P0 . Then density D of solid is given by

n
d , then find the value of n.
4

H/2 d
3L/4
L
H/2 2d

8. A solid cone of height 25 cm and base diameter 25 cm floats in water with its
vertex downwards such that 20 cm of its axis is immersed. The additional
weight (in kg) that must be placed at the centre of the base such that the cone
now is completely immersed in water is-

9. Two communicating vessels contain mercury. The diameter of one vessel is n

times larger than the diameter of the other. A column of water of height h is
poured into the left vessel. The mercury level will rise in the right-hand vessel
h
, then find the value of x. (s = relative density of mercury and  =
(n + x) s
2

density of water) by

Water
h

Mercury

10. The gauge pressure at point C (in kPa) is:

Fluid Mechanics

22.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
11. The diameter at the top is 0.5 times that at the bottom. The pressure at the
bottom is 3,000 Pa and the pressure at the top is 1,500 Pa. If the density of
1
the fluid is 600 kg/m3, The speed of the fluid at the bottom is m / s , then
n
find the value of n.

12. After coming out of the mouth of a tap and falling vertically in streamline the
flow forms a tapering column. At the mouth of the tap the area of cross section
is 2.5 cm2 and the speed of water is 3 m/s. The area of cross section of water
column of 80 cm below the tap (in cm2) is

13. Water is filed in a cylindrical container to a height of 3 m. The ratio of the

cross-sectional area of the orifice and the beaker is 0.1. The square of the
speed of the liquid coming out from the orifice is (g = 10 m/s2):

14. A sealed tank containing a liquid of density  moves with a horizontal

acceleration a, as shown in the following figure. The difference in pressure
between the points A and B is nhg + la, then find the value of n.

15. Assume that the piston is massless and frictionless, the pressure (in kPa) in
the air column for the piston to be equilibrium is Fluid Mechanics

23.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
16. A vessel having area of cross section A has a liquid to a height h1. At the
bottom of the vessel there is a small hole having area a. Then the time taken

A  nh1 2h2 
for the liquid level to fall from height h1 to h2 is given by  − ,
a g g 
 
then find the value of n.

17. A hemispherical portion of radius R is removed from the bottom

of a cylinder of radius R. The volume of the remaining cylinder
is V and mass M. It is suspended by a string in a liquid of density
, where it stays vertical. The upper surface of the cylinder is at
a depth h below the liquid surface. The force on the bottom of
V 
the cylinder by the liquid is g  + R2h  , then find the value
n 
of n.

18. Now level of the liquid starts decreasing slowly. When the level of liquid is at
a height h1 above the cylinder the block starts moving up. The value of h1 up to
5h
which the block rises is , then find the value of n.
n

19. An open tank 5m × 4m × 3m high containing water upto a height of 2m is

accelerated horizontally as shown. The maximum value of a0 (in m/s2) so that
water does not spill out is:

Fluid Mechanics

20. A tube of length L is filled completely with an incompressible liquid of mass M

and closed at both the ends. The tube is then rotated in a horizontal plane
about one of its ends with a uniform angular velocity . The force exerted by
M2L
the liquid at the other end is , then find the value of n.
n

24.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
 LEVEL – 04 (Previous Year Questions)
1. Consider a cylindrical tank of radius 1m is filled with water. The top surface of
water is at 15m from the bottom of the cylinder. There is a hole on the wall of
cylinder at a height of 5m from the bottom. A force of 5 × 105 N is applied on
the top surface of water using a piston. The speed of efflux from the hole will
be : (given atmospheric pressure PA = 1.01 × 105 Pa, density of water w = 1000
kg/m3 and gravitational acceleration g = 10 m/s2) [JEE (MAINS) 2022]

(A) 11.6 m/s (B) 10.8 m/s

(C) 17.8 m/s (D) 14.4 m/s

2. A pressure-pump has a horizontal tube of cross-sectional area 10 cm2 for the

outflow of water at a speed of 20 m/s. The force exerted on the vertical wall
just in front of the tube which stops water horizontally flowing out of the tube,
is: [given: density of water = 1000 kg/m3] [JEE (MAINS) 2022]
(A) 300 N (B) 500 N
(c) 250 N (D) 400 N

3. Two cylindrical vessels of equal cross-sectional area 16 cm2 contain water upto
heights 100 cm and 150 cm respectively. The vessels are interconnected so that
the water levels in them become equal. The work done by the force of gravity
during the process, is [Take, density of water = 103 kg/m3 and g = 10 ms-2]:
[JEE (MAINS) 2022]
(A) 0.25 J (B) 1 J
(C) 8 J (D) 12 J

4. A bob of mass 'm' suspended by a thread of length I undergoes simple harmonic

oscillations with time period T. If the bob is immersed in a liquid that has Fluid Mechanics
density 1/4 times that of the bob and the length of the thread is increased by
1/3rd of the original length, then the time period of the simple harmonic
oscillations will be: [JEE (MAINS) 2022]
3
(A) T (B) T
2
3 4
(C) T (D) T
4 3

25.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
5. A light cylindrical vessel is kept on a horizontal surface. Area of base is A. A
hole of cross-sectional area 'a' is made just at its bottom side. The minimum
coefficient of friction necessary to prevent sliding the vessel due to the impact
force of the emerging liquid is (a < < A): [JEE (MAINS) 2021]

A
(A) (B) None of these
2a
2a a
(c) (D)
A A

6. The pressure acting on a submarine is 3 × 105 Pa at a certain depth. If the depth

is doubled, the percentage increase in the pressure acting on the submarine
would be: (Assume that atmospheric pressure is 1 × 105 Pa density of water is
103 kg m-3, g = 10 ms-2) [JEE (MAINS) 2021]
200 200
(A) % (B) %
5 3
3 5
(C) % (D) %
200 200

7. A fluid is flowing through a horizontal pipe of varying cross-section, with speed

v ms-1 at a point where the pressure is P pascal. At another point where
pressure is P/2 Pascal its speed is V ms-1. If the density of the fluid is kg m-3
and the flow is streamline, then V is equal to: [JEE (MAINS) 2020]
P P
(A + v2 (B) + v2
2 

2P P
(C) + v2 (D) +v
 

Fluid Mechanics
8. A hollow spherical shell at outer radius R floats just submerged under the water
surface. The inner radius of the shell is r. If the specific gravity of the shell
27
material is w.r.t water, the value of r is: [JEE (MAINS) 2020]
8
2 4
(A) R (B) R
3 9
1 8
(C) R (D) R
3 9

26.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
9. Two identical cylindrical vessels are kept on the ground, and each contain the
same liquid of density d. The area of the base of both vessels is S but the
height of liquid in one vessel is x1 and in the other, x2. When both cylinders are
connected through a pipe of negligible volume very close to the bottom, the
liquid flows from one vessel to the other until it comes to equilibrium at a new
height. The change in energy of the system in the process is:[JEE (MAINS) 2020]
(A) gdS ( x2 + x 1 )
2
(
(B) gdS x22 + x21 )
1 3
gdS ( x2 − x1 ) gdS ( x2 − x1 )
2 2
(C) (D)
4 4

10. A air bubble of radius 1 cm in water has an upward acceleration 9.8 cm2. The
density of water is 1 gm cm-3 and water offer negligible drag force on the
bubble. The mass of the bubble is (g = 980 cm/s2). [JEE (MAINS) 2020]
(A) 1.52 gm (B) 4.51 gm
(C) 3.15 gm (D) 4.15 gm

11. A cylindrical vessel containing a liquid is rotated about its axis so that the liquid
rises at its sides as shown in the figure. The radius of vessel is 5 cm, and the
angular speed of rotation is  rad s-1. The difference in the height, h (in cm) of
liquid at the centre of vessel and at the side will be: [JEE (MAINS) 2020]

22 52
(A) (B)
25g 2g
252 22
(C) (D)
2g 5g

12. Water flows in a horizontal tube (see figure). The pressure of water changes by Fluid Mechanics
700 Nm-2 between A and B where the area of cross section is 40 cm2 and 20
cm2, respectively. Find the rate of flow of water through the tube. (Density of
water = 1000 kgm-3) [JEE (MAINS) 2020]

(A) 1810 cm3 /s (B) 2420 cm3/s

(C) 3020 cm3/s (D) 2720 cm3/s

27.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
13. Two liquids of densities 1 an 2 (2= 2 1) are filled up behind a square wall of
side 10 m as shown in figure. Each liquid has a height of 5 m. The ratio of the
forces due to these liquids exerted on upper part MN to that at the lower part
NO is (Assume that the liquids are not mixing) [JEE (MAINS) 2020]

(A) 1/3 (B) 1/2

(C) 1/4 (D) 2/3

14. A leak proof cylinder of length 1m, made of a metal which has very low
coefficient of expansion is floating vertically in water at 0°C such that its height
above the water surface is 20 cm. When the temperature of water is increased
to 4°C, the height of the cylinder above the water surface becomes 21 cm. The
density of water at T = 4°C, relative to the density at T = 0°C is close to:
[JEE (MAINS) 2020]
(A) 1.04 (B) 1.26
(C) 1.01 (D) 1.03

15. Consider a solid sphere of radius R and mass density

 r2 
(r) = 0  1 − 2  , 0  r  R
 R 
The minimum density of a liquid in which it will float is: [JEE (MAINS) 2020]
20 20
(A) (B)
3 5
0 0
(C) (D)
5 3
Fluid Mechanics
16. An ideal fluid flows (laminar flow) through a pipe of non-uniform diameter. The
maximum and minimum diameters of the pipes are 6.4 cm and 4.8 cm,
respectively. The ratio of the minimum and the maximum velocities of fluid in
this pipe is: [JEE (MAINS) 2019]
3 9
(A) (B)
4 16

3 81
(C) D)
2 256
28.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
17. A cubical block of side 0.5 m floats on water with 30% of its volume under
water. What is the maximum weight that can be put on the block without fully
submerging it under water? [Take, density of water = 103 kg/m3]
[JEE (MAINS) 2019]
(A) 30.1 kg (B) 87.5 kg
(C) 65.4 kg (D) 46.3 kg

18. A submarine experiences a pressure of 5.05 × 106 Pa at a depth of d1 in a sea.

When it goes further to a depth of d2, it experiences a pressure of 8.08 × 106
Pa. Then d2 - d1 is approximately (density of water = 103 kg/m3 and acceleration
due to gravity = 10 ms-2): [JEE (MAINS) 2019]
(A) 600 m (B) 400 m
(C) 300 m (D) 500 m

19. Water from a tap emerges vertically downwards with an initial speed of
1.0 ms-1. The cross-sectional area of the tap is 10-4 m2. Assume that the pressure
is constant throughout the stream of water and that the flow is streamlined.
The cross-sectional area of the stream, 0.15 m below the tap would be: (Take
g = 10 ms-2) [JEE (MAINS) 2019]
(A) 5  10−4 m2 (B) 2  10−5 m2
(C) 5  10−5 m2 (D) 1  10−5 m2

20. A simple pendulum oscillating in air has period T. The bob of the pendulum is
completely immersed in a non-viscous liquid. The density of the liquid is 1/16th
of the material of the bob. If the bob is inside liquid all the time, its period of
oscillation in this liquid is: [JEE (MAINS) 2019]

1 1
(A) 2T (B) 4T
10 14

1 1
(C) 4T (D) 2T
15 14
Fluid Mechanics
21. Water from a pipe is coming at a rate of 100 litres per minute. If the radius of
the pipe is 5 cm, the Reynolds number for the flow is of the order of: (density
of water = 1000 kg/m3, coefficient of viscosity of water = 1mPas)
[JEE (MAINS) 2019]
(A) 106 (B) 104
(C) 103 (D) 102

29.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
22. A liquid of density  is coming out of a hose pipe of radius a with horizontal
speed v and hits a mesh. 50% of the liquid passes through the mesh unaffected.
25% loses all of its momentum and 25% comes back with the same speed. The
resultant pressure on the mesh will be:
[JEE (MAINS) 2019]
3 2 1 2
(A) v (B) v
4 4
1 2
(C) v (D) v2
2

23. Water flows into a large tank with flat bottom at the rate of 10-4 m3s-1. Water is
also leaking out of a hole of area 1 cm2 at its bottom. If the height of the water
in the tank remains steady, then this height is -
[JEE (MAINS) 2019]
(A) 2.9 cm (B) 5.1 cm
(C) 4 cm (D) 1.7 cm

24. The top of a water tank is open to air and its water level is mainted. It is giving
out 0.74 m3 water per minute through a circular opening of 2 cm radius in its
wall. The depth of the centre of the opening from the level of water in the tank
is close to:
[JEE (MAINS) 2019]
(A) 6.0 m (B) 4.8 m
(C) 9.6 m (D) 2.9 m

25. A solid sphere of radius r made of a soft material of bulk modulus K is

surrounded by a liquid in a cylindrical container. A massless piston of area a
float on the surface of the liquid, covering entire cross section of cylindrical
container. When a mass m is placed on the surface of the piston to compress
 dr 
the liquid, the fractional decrement in the radius of the sphere,   is:
 r 
Fluid Mechanics
[JEE (MAINS) 2018]
mg Ka
(A) (B)
Ka mg
Ka mg
(C) (D)
3mg 3Ka

30.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
26. Consider a water jar of radius R that has water filled up to height H and is kept
on a stand of height h (see figure). Through a hole of radius r(r << R) at its
bottom, the water leaks out and the stream of water coming down towards the
ground has a shape like a funnel as shown in the figure. If the radius of the
cross-section of water stream when it hits the ground is x. Then:
[JEE (MAINS) 2016]

1
 H   H 2
(A) x = r   (B) x = r  
H + h H + h
1
2
 H 4  H 
(C) x = r   (D) x = r  
H + h H + h

27. An open glass tube is immersed in mercury in such a way that a length of 8cm
extends above the mercury level. The open end of the tube is then closed and
scaled, and the tube is raised vertically up by additional 46 cm. What will be
length of the air column above mercury in the tube now? (Atmospheric
pressure = 76 cm of Hg) [JEE (MAINS) 2014]
(A) 16 cm (B) 22 cm
(C) 38 cm (D) 6 cm

28. Water is flowing continuously from a tap having an internal diameter 8 × 10-3 Fluid Mechanics
m. The water velocity as it leaves the tap is 0.4 ms-1. The diameter of the water
stream at a distance 2 × 10-1 m below the tap is close to: [JEE (MAINS) 2011]
(A) 7.5  10−3 m (B) 9.6  10−3 m
(C) 3.6  10−3 m (D) 5.0  10−3 m

31.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
29. A ball is made of a material of density  where oil M  < water with oil and water
representing the densities of oil and water, respectively. The oil and water are
immiscible. If the above ball is in equilibrium in a mixture of this oil and water,
which of the following pictures represents its equilibrium position?
[JEE (MAINS) 2010]

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

30. A jar is filled with two non-mixing liquids 1 and 2 having densities 1 and 2
respectively. A solid ball, made of a material of density 3, is dropped in the jar.
It comes to equilibrium in the position shown in the figure. Which of the
following is true for 1, 2 and 3? [JEE MAINS Exam]

(A) 3  1  2 (B) 1  3  2
Fluid Mechanics
(C) 1  2  3 (D) 1  3  2

31. Water from a tap emerges downwards with an initial speed of 1.0 ms–1. The
cross-sectional area of the tap is 10–4 m2. Assume that the pressure is constant
throughout the stream of water, and that the flow is steady. The cross-
sectional area of the stream 0.15 m below the tap is - [IIT JEE]
(A) 5.0 × 10 m
–4 2
(B) 1.0 × 10 m
–5 2

(C) 5.0 × 10 m
–5 2
(D) 2.0 × 10–5 m2

32.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
32. A horizontal pipeline carries water in a streamline flow. At a point along the
pipe, where the cross-sectional area is 10 cm2, the water velocity is 1 m/s and
the pressure is 2000 Pa. The pressure of water at another point where the cross-
sectional area is 5 cm2, is (Density of water = 103 kg. m-3). [IIT JEE]
(A) 500 Pa (B) 535 Pa
(C) 450 Pa (D) 350 Pa

33. The spring balance A reads 2 kg with a block m suspended from it. A balance
B reads 5 kg when a beaker with liquid is put on the pan of the balance. The
two balance are now so arranged that the hanging mass is inside the liquid in
the beaker as shown in the figure. In this situation– [IIT JEE]

(A) the balance A will read more than 2 kg

(B) the balance B will read more than 5 kg
(C) the balance A will read less than 2 kg and balance B read more than 5 kg
(D) the balance A and B will read 2 kg and 5kg respectively

34. A non viscous liquid of constant density 1000 kg/m3 flow in a

Q
streamline motion along a tube of variable cross section. The
tube is kept inclined in the vertical plane as shown. The area of P
2m 5m
cross section of the tube at two points P and Q at height of 2
meters and 5 meters are respectively 4 × 10–3 m2 and 8 × 10–3
m2. The velocity of the liquid at point P is 1 m/s. Find the work done per unit
volume by the pressure. [IIT JEE]
(A) 2.9025 × 10 J/m
2 3
(B) 2.9025 × 10 J/m
4 3

(C) 2.9025 × 83 J/m3 (D) 2.6225 × 104 J/m3

35. A large open top container of negligible mass and uniform cross-sectional area
A has a small holes of cross-sectional area A/100 in its side wall near the Fluid Mechanics
bottom. The container is kept on a smooth horizontal floor and contains a
liquid of density  and mass m0. Assuming that the liquid starts flowing out
horizontally through the hole at t = 0, calculate its velocity when 75% of the
liquid has drained out [IIT JEE]
m0 g m0 g
(A) (B)
A 3A

m1g m0 g
(C) (D)
4A 2A
33.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
36. A container of large uniform cross-sectional area A resting on a horizontal
surface, holds two immiscible, non-viscous and incompressible liquids of
densities d and 2 d each of height H/2 as shown in (fig.). The lower density
liquid is open to the atmosphere having pressure P0. A homogeneous solid
cylinder of length L (L < H/2), cross sectional area A/5 is immersed such that
it floats with its axis vertical at the liquid-liquid interface with length L/4 in the
denser liquid. Determine the density D of solid. [IIT JEE]

H/2 3L/4 d
L
L/4
H/2 2d

2d 3d
(A) (B)
4 2
5d 5d
(C) (D)
4 2

37. A cylindrical vessel of height 500 mm has an orifice (small hole) at its bottom.
The orifice is initially closed and water is filled in it up to height H. Now the top
is completely sealed with a cap and the orifice at the bottom is opened. Some
water comes from the orifice and the water level in the vessel becomes steady
with height of water column being 200 mm. Find the fall in height (in mm) of
water level due to opening of the orifice. [Take atmospheric pressure = 1.0 ×
105 N/m2, density of water = 1000 kg/m3 and g = 10 m/s2. Neglect any effect of
surface tension.] [IIT JEE]
(A) 3 mm (B) 8 mm
(C) 2 mm (D) 6 mm

38. A U-tube is filled with liquid of density . The separation between the limbs is
L. U-tube is rotated about a vertical axis passing through one of the limbs. Find
the difference 'h' in the level of the liquid in the two limbs. [IIT JEE]

Fluid Mechanics
h
x
h1 h2

2L2 22L2
(A) (B)
2g 3g

34.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
 2L2 2L2
(C) (D)
g 3g
39. A horizontally oriented syringe is at a height of 1.25 m from ground. The
diameter of piston is 8 mm and the diameter of nozzle is 2 mm. A in liquid is
filled in the syringe. The piston is moved towards right with a speed of 0.25
m/s. Find the horizontal range of the liquid stream on the ground coming out
of the nozzle. Assume the liquid to be compressible & non–viscous. [IIT JEE]
v = 0.25 m/s

Syringe 1.25 m

(A) 1 m (B) 2 m
(C) 8 m (D) 6 m

40. The disc is kept pressed and water is lowered in the tank upto the height 'h2'

as shown, what is the height h2 for the disc to be again lifted ? [IIT JEE]

h 4h
(A) (B)
3 9
2h
(C) (D) h
3

Fluid Mechanics

35.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
 LEVEL – 05 (Year Long Assignment)

Subjective Type Questions

1. Find the net downward thrust on the inclined surface of a bucket full of water
of height h and radii a and b.

2. Water is retained by a curved gate AB. Compute the horizontal and vertical
components of the resultant of the hydrostatic pressure distribution on the
gate AB, which is a quarter of a cylinder. Assume that the gate is 4m wide.

3. A cylindrical tank of radius 20 cm and height 50 cm has water up to 30 cm of

height. What will be the rise in level of liquid at the periphery if the cylinder be
given an angular velocity of 10 rad\s–1? Also determine the frequency of rotation
when water just starts spilling over the sides of the vessel.

4. A rectangular box is completely filled with a liquid of density , as shown in

Fig. The box I : accelerated horizontally with a constant acceleration a
Determine the gauge pressures at the four points A, B, C and D. Fluid Mechanics

36.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
5. Figure 3.84 shows an L-shaped tube filled with a liquid to a height II. What
should be the horizontal acceleration a of the tube so that the pressure at the
point A becomes atmospheric.

6. A container shown in Fig. is accelerated horizontally with acceleration a. Find

the minimum value of a at which liquid just starts spilling out.

7. A cylinder of radius R and height H is filled with a liquid to an unknown height

h. When it is rotated at unknown constant angular velocity  , the base of the
cylinder gets exposed when the liquid just starts spilling out, as shown in Fig.
3.87.

(i) Find the height h of the liquid.

(ii) Find the angular speed  of the cylinder.

8. A cylinder of radius R = 1m and height H = 3m, two-thirds filled with water, is

rotated about its vertical axis, as shown in Fig. 3.88. Determine the speed of
rotation when
Fluid Mechanics

(i) the water just starts spilling over the rim.

(ii) the point at the centre of the base is just exposed.

37.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
9. A U-tube shown in Fig. 3.89 containing two liquids of specific gravities 1 and
2 is given an acceleration a in the horizontal direction. What is the ratio 1 : 2?

10. A U-tube of length L contains liquid. It is mounted on a horizontal turn table

rotating with an angular speed  about one of its arms as shown in Fig. Find
the difference in heights (h) between the liquid columns in two vertical arms.

11. Oil enters the bend of a pipe in the horizontal plane with velocity 4 ms–1 and
pressure 280 × 10–3 Nm–2 as shown in the figure. Find the pressure of oil at the
point Q in(kNm–2). (Take specific gravity of oil as 0.9 and sin 37° = 0.6)

12. A sphere is just immersed in a liquid. Find the ratio of hydrostatic force acting
Fluid Mechanics
on top and bottom half of the sphere.

38.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
13. A vertical U-tube is spined about the vertical axis passing through the left hand
limb, with an angular speed  such that the liquid columns in the limbs have
heights h and 3h, as shown in the figure. Find the value of .

14. The area of two holes A and B are 2a and a, respectively. The
holes are at height (H/3) and (2H/3) from the surface of water.
(a) Find ratio of velocity of efflux at hole A & velocity of efflux
at hole B. (b) The ratio of discharge through A & B.

15. A siphon has a uniform circular base of diameter 8 / cm with its crest A, 1.8
m above the water level vessel B is of large
cross section (g = 10 m/s2 and atmospheric
pressure PU = 05 N / m2 ). Calculate –
(a) Velocity of flow through pipe.
(b) Discharge rate of flow through pipe.
(c) Pressure of A.

16. Water is floating smoothly through a closed-pipe system. At one point A, the
speed of the water is 3.0 m/s while at another point B, 1.0 m higher, the speed
is 4.0 m/ s. The pressure at A is 20 kPa when the water is flowing and 18 kPa
when the water flow stops. Then Calculate-
(a) the pressure at B when water is flowing.
(b) the pressure at B when water stops flowing.

17. A liquid flows through a horizontal tube. The velocities of the liquid in the two
sections, which have areas of cross section A1 and A2, are v1 and v2, respectively.
The difference in the levels of the liquid in the two vertical tubes is h. Then
Calculate
(a) The volume of the liquid flowing through the tube in unit time. Fluid Mechanics
(b) v22 − v21 = ?

39.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
18. Three identical blocks each of mass m = 1 kg and volume 3 × 10–4 m3 are
suspended by massless strings from a support as shown. Underneath are three
identical containers containing the same amount of water that are placed over
the scales. In Fig. (a), the block is completely out of the water; in Fig. (b), the
block is completely submerged but not touching the beaker and in Fig. (c), the
block rests on the bottom of the beaker. The scale in Fig. (a) reads 14 N. Then
Calculate-
(a) The tension in the string in case (b)
(b) The reading of the scale in case (b)
(c) The reading of the scale in case (c)

19. A cube of wood of mass 0.5 kg and density 800 kg m–3 is fastened
to the free end of a vertical spring of spring constant
k = 50 Nm–1, fixed at the bottom. Now, the entire system is
completely submerged in water. The elongation or compression

of the spring in equilibrium is cm . Find the value of .
2
(Given, g = 10 ms–2)

20. A container contains a liquid up to a height h. The density of the liquid is . The
gh
gauge pressure at point P is . Find the value of x.
x

Fluid Mechanics

40.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
Multiple Choice
21. A rectangular vessel of dimension (l × b × h) and mass M contains a liquid of
density . The vessel has an orifice at its bottom at a distance c from the rear
wall as shown in the figure.

(A) The maximum volume of the water that can be stored when the vessel is
accelerated is hcb/2.
(B) The maximum volume of the water that can be stored when the vessel is
accelerated is hlb/2.
 hcb  hg
(C) Force F that must be applied when maximum water stored is M + 
 2  c

 hcb  lg
(D) Force F that must be applied when maximum water stored is M + 
 2  c

22. Figure shows a container filled with a liquid of density . Four points A, B, C
and D lie on the vertices of a vertical square. Points A and C lie on a vertical
line and points B and D lies on a horizontal line. Choose
the correct statement(s) about the pressure at the four
points.
(A) PD = PB (B) PA  PB = PD  PC

PC − PA PC + PA
(C) PD = PB = (D) PD = PB =
2 2

23. A circular cylinder of radius R and height H is filled with water to a height (2 /
3) H. It starts rotating about its axis with constantly increasing angular speed.
Choose the correct alternatives.

Fluid Mechanics

(A) At all speeds, shape of the free surface is paraboloid.

(B) The free surface touches first the brim of the cylinder and then the base of
the cylinder.
(C) The free surface cannot touch the base without spilling water.
(D) The free surface touches the brim as well as the base at the same instant.
41.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
24. A small body of density. ’ is dropped from rest at a height h into a lake of
density , where    . Which of the following statements is/are correct if all
dissipative effects are neglected (neglect viscosity)?
(A) The speed of the body just entering the lake is 2gh
(B) The body in the lake experiences upward acceleration equal to {(/’) – 1}g

(
(C) The maximum depth to which the body sinks in the lake is h /  −  )
(D) The body does not come back to the surface of the lake.

25. A cylindrical vessel of 90 cm height is kept filled up to the brim. It has four
holes 1, 2, 3 and 4 which are, respectively, at heights of 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm
and 50 cm from the horizontal floor PQ. The water falling at the maximum
horizontal distance from the vessel comes from

(A) hole number 4 (B) hole number 3

(C) hole number 2 (D) hole number 1

26. In the following figure shown, a liquid is filled into the vessel up to a height h
and the forces exerted against the liquid by the walls of the vessel are shown
by arrows, the force being everywhere perpendicular to the walls of the vessel.
For this situation, mark out the correct statement(s).

(A) The horizontal component of the forces on the left and right side inclined
faces will cancel each other. Fluid Mechanics
(B) The weight of the section lettered A is supported by vertical component of
forces acting on the inclined faces.
(C) Force exerted by the liquid on the base of the vessel is greater than
(p0 + gh) A where  is the density of the liquid and A is base area of the
vessel.
(D) Net force exerted by liquid on the base of the vessel is in the vertical
downward direction.

42.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
27. An open vessel containing liquid is moving with constant acceleration a on a
levelled horizontal surface. For this situation mark out the correct
statement(s).

(A) The maximum pressure is at the leftmost bottom corner.

(B) Along a horizontal line within the liquid as we move from left to right the
pressure decreases.
a
(C) The pressure at all points on a line making an angle of tan−1   with
g
horizontal would be same.
(D) Along a horizontal line within the liquid as we move from left to right, the
pressure remains same.

28. A cylindrical vessel of a very large cross-sectional area is containing two

immiscible liquids of density 1 = 600kg / m3 and 2 = 1200kg / m3 as shown in
the figure.

A small hole having cross-sectional area 5cm2 is made in right side vertical
wall as shown. Take atmospheric pressure as p0 = 105 N / m2 , g = 10m / s2 . For
this situation, mark out the correct statement(s). (Take cross-sectional area of
the cylindrical vessel as 1000 cm2. Neglect the mass of the vessel.)
(A) If the surface on which the vessel is placed is smooth, then a rightward
force of magnitude 3N is to be applied on the vessel to maintain its static
equilibrium.
(B) If the surface on which the vessel is placed is smooth, then no force is
Fluid Mechanics
needed to maintain its static equilibrium.
(C) If the surface on which the vessel is placed is rough ( = 0.04), then the
minimum force (horizontal) needed to be applied on the vessel to maintain
its static equilibrium is zero.
(D) If the surface on which the vessel is placed is rough (= 0.04), then the
maximum force (horizontal) needed to be applied on the vessel to maintain
its static equilibrium is 19.8 N.

43.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
29. AU-tube is held in a vertical plane such that its two limbs are vertical with
middle portion horizontal as shown in the figure. Three liquids A, B and C are
poured into it and in steady state their interfaces are as shown in the figure.
Which of the following statements are correct?
(A) Height of column of liquid A is greater than that
of C
(B) Density of liquid A is less than that of liquid C
(C) Density of liquid B is maximum among these
three liquids.
(D) Pressure at R is greater than that at S.

30. Equal volumes of a liquid are poured in the three vessels A, B and
C(h1 < h2 < h3) All the vessels have the same base area. Select the correct
alternatives.

(A) The force on the base will be maximum in vessel A

(B) The force on the base will be maximum in vessel C
(C) Net force exerted by the liquid in all the three vessels is equal.
(D) Net force exerted by the liquid in vessel A is maximum.

31. If the system is not in free fall, which of the following statements are true
about hydrostatic pressure?
(A) In a liquid, points at different depths can never be at the same pressure.
(B) In a liquid, points at different depths may be at the same pressure.
(C) In different liquids, points at different depths can be at the same pressure.
(D) In different liquids, points at the same depth can never be at same pressure.

32. In the figure, an ideal liquid flows through the tube, which is of uniform cross
section. The liquid has velocities vA and vB, and pressures PA and PB at the points
Fluid Mechanics
A and B, respectively. Then

(A) vA = vB (B) vA > vB

(C) PA = PB (D) PB > PA

44.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
33. Figure shows a cylindrical vessel of height 90 cm filled up to the brim. There
are four holes in the vessel as shown. The liquid falling at maximum horizontal
distance from the vessel would come from:

(A) hole 1 (B) hole 2

(C) hole 3 (D) hole 4

34. A non-viscous liquid is flowing through a non-uniform pipe from section A to

section B as shown in the figure.
Cross sectional area of the pipe at $A$ is less than that at $B$. Which of the
following statements are correct?

(A) The pressure at A is greater than that at B

(B) Velocity at A is greater than that at B
(C) Total energy per unit volume of the liquid is greater at A than at B
(D) Axis of the pipe cannot be horizontal.

35. A spring balance reads W1 when a ball is suspended from it. A weighing machine
reads W2 when a tank of liquid is kept on it. When the ball is immersed in the
liquid, the spring balance reads W3 and the weighing machine reads W4. Then,
which of the following are not correct?
(A) W1 < W3 (B) W1 < W3
(C) W2 < W4 (D) W2 > W4
Fluid Mechanics
36. A wooden block is floating in a water tank. The block is pressed to the bottom.
During the process, a work is done. Which of the following statements are
false?
(A) Work done is equal to work done against upthrust exerted by the water.
(B) Work done is equal to work done against upthrust plus loss of gravitational
potential energy of the block.
(C) Work done is equal to work done against upthrust minus loss of
gravitational potential energy of the block.
(D) Work done is equal to loss of gravitational potential energy of the block.
45.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
37. Choose the correct statements from the following:
(A) A body will sink in a liquid if its weight is equal to or greater than the weight
of the liquid displaced by it.
(B) A body will float in a liquid if its weight is equal to or less than the weight
of liquid displaced by it.
(C) When a body floats in a liquid, the portion of the body above the surface of
the liquid is independent of the density of the body relative to that of the
liquid.
(D) In still air, a hydrogen filled balloon rises up to a certain height and then
stops rising.

38. A body is floating in a liquid in a beaker. If the whole system falls freely under
gravity, the upthrust on the body due to the liquid is
(A) zero
(B) equal to the weight of the liquid displaced
(C) equal to the weight of the body in air
(D) equal to the weight of the immersed portion of the body.

39. The difference of pressure between two points along a horizontal pipe through
which water is flowing is 1.4 cm of Hg. If due to non-uniform cross section the
speed of flow at a point of greater cross section is 60 cm/s, the speed of flow
at the other point is
(A) 2 m/s
(B) less than 60 cm/s
(C) not affected by non-uniform cross section
(D) greater than 60 cm/s.

40. A liquid is filled upto height h in a vessel, as shown. Find correct option (s):

(A) If  =  , horizontal component of forces on left and right side of inclined Fluid Mechanics
faces will be equal and opposite.
(B) If    , horizontal component of forces on left and right side of inclined
faces will be equal and opposite.
(C) If A is the area of the base of the vessel, then force exerted by liquid on
walls of the vessel is greater than (Patm + gh) A .

(D) As above, the force exerted by liquid on walls is equal to (Patm + gh) A

46.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
 ANSWERS KEY
LEVEL - 01
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
B B A B D C D A D D
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
B C A C A A C A D A
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
B B C A A A C B B C

LEVEL - 02
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
AB ABC ABC BC AB BC CD AD CD AC
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
AC ABD A C A A B A A C
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
A B B C A B B A C C

LEVEL – 03
1. 1.97 cm 2. 2.564 N
3. 110.6g 4. 0.89 cm
5. 2.22 gram 6. 865 kg/m3
7. 3.3 m/s
8. (A) 23.1 cm (B) 0.93 Sec.
9. (A) 4 m/s
(B) 8 m/s
(C) 2 × 10–6 2gh dt , 5 × 10–6 2gh dt
(D) 6.5 Hrs.
10. 1:1
11. (A) 204 N; (B) 1N
r
2 2
1
12. (A) Z = (B) P0 +  2 r2
2g 2
1/ 3
Fluid Mechanics
1
13.   14. 2m
2
2a 2
15. V2 = 10 ms–1 16.
2g
17. (A) 4 m/s (B) 7.2 N
(C) 0, 52.2 N
18. 2nRT

47.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
 m1 + m2
19. 20. 2 : 3
 m1 m2 
 + 
 s1 s2 

NUMERICAL TYPE
1. 1 2. 0.43
3. 81 4. 20
5. 20 6. 0.56
7. 5 8. 2
9. 1 10. 104
11. 5 12. 1.5
13. 50 14. 1
15. 138 16. 2
17. 1 18. 3
19. 4 20. 2

LEVEL-04
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
C D B D C B B D C D
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
C D C C B B B C C C
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
B A B B D C A C B D
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
C A BC B D C D A B B

LEVEL – 05
 b + 2a 
1. 2gh   (b − a)
 6 

2. (a) 250  104 N (b) [8]  104 N Fluid Mechanics

5 2 −1
3. 50 cm., s 4. 0, gh, (gh + gl), aL

H
5. g  6. 4 m/s2
L 

H 2gH
7. (i) , (ii)
2 R
8. (i) 40 rad / s , (ii) 60 rad / s

48.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS
 la + h2 g 2L2
9. 10.
h1g 2g

11. (
172 kNm−2 ) 12. 1 : 5

5g
13.
41h

1
14. (a) , (b) 2
2

15. (a) 6 2m / s ; (b) 96 2  10−4 m3 / s ;

(c) 0.46 × 10–5 N/m2
16. (a) 6.5 kPa; (b) 10 kPa
17. (a) A1 v1 ; (b) 2gh
18. (a) 7N; (b) 17N;
(c) 24N
19. 5 20. 2

More than One Correct Type

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
AC ABD ABC ABC AB ABCD ABC ACD BC BC
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
ACD AD CD ABD ABD ABD BD ABCD AD ABC

❑ ❑ ❑

Fluid Mechanics

49.
IIT_JEE_PHYSICS