INTECH 2201

LECTURE
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Introduction to PHP
Setting a PHP Environment

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What is PHP?
▪ Acronym for PHP:Hypertext Preprocessor.
▪ A server-side programming language – it runs on a web
server.
▪ A widely-used open source general-purpose scripting
language that is especially suited for web development and
can be embedded into HTML.

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What PHP can do?
Can generate dynamic page content

Can create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on the server

Can collect form data

Can send and receive cookies
Can add, delete, modify data in database
Can restrict users to access some pages on your website
Can encrypt data

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How PHP scripts run on the server?

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How PHP scripts run on the server?(cont.)

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How to code in PHP?
▪ Download XAMPP or
WAMP (your call) installer.
▪ Run XAMPP or WAMP
control panel and start
Apache and MySQL.

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How to code in PHP?(cont.)
▪ Open htdocs folder inside the
XAMPP or WAMP folder.
▪ Create a folder that will
contain your website.
▪ Save your PHP files and
other components.

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How to code in PHP?(cont.)
▪ For the text editor you may opt to use notepad++, sublime, or
an IDE Visual Studio.

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How to code in PHP?(cont.)

Visual Studio

Sublime
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Viewing
▪ Note! Make sure that the Apache and MySQL is running on
XAMPP or WAMP
▪ Type the following URL in the address bar of your web
browser:
▫ localhost/folder_name
▫ 127.0.0.1/folder_name

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Tips

localhost/folder_name localhost/folder_name/file.php
Without specifying the file to If you want to access non-index
open index.php is the default filenames, use this URL to access
webpage that will be displayed. that php file you want to be
displayed.

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2
Basics of PHP
PHP Syntax and Tags

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PHP opening and closing tags syntax
▪ There are four different pairs of opening and closing tags
which can be used in PHP. Here is the list of tags.
▫ Default syntax
▫ Short open tags
▫ Omit the PHP closing tag at the end of the file.

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Default Syntax
▪ The default syntax starts with <?php and ends with ?>
▪ Example

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Short open tags
▪ The short tags starts with <? And ends with ?>
▪ Short style tags are only available when they are enabled in
php.ini configuration on file servers.
▪ Example

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Omit the PHP closing tag
▪ It is recommended that a closing PHP tag shall be omitted in a
file containing only PHP code.
▪ So that occurrences of accidental whitespace or new lines
being added after the PHP closing tag.
▪ Example

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PHP echo and print statements
▪ echo – can output one or more Strings
▪ print – can only output one String
▪ Echo without parentheses can take multiple parameters, which
get concatenated
▫ echo “and a “, 1, 2, 3; //without ()
▫ echo (“and a 123”); //with ()
▪ print can only take one parameter
▫ print “and a 123”; //without ()
▫ print (and a 123); //with () 18
PHP Statement separation
▪ In PHP, statements are terminated by a semicolon (;) like C or
Perl.
▪ The closing tag of a block of PHP code automatically implies
a semicolon, there is no need to have a semicolon terminating
the last line of a PHP block.
▪ Rules for statement separation
▫ Semicolon
▫ AND/OR
▫ A closing PHP tag
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PHP Statement separation cont.

This is valid

▪ In the first example, both semicolon(;) and a closing PHP tag

are present.
This is valid

▪ In the second example, there is no semicolon(;) after the last

instruction but a closing PHP tag is present.

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PHP case sensitivity
▪ In PHP the user defined functions, classes, core language
keywords (e.g. if, else, while, echo etc.) are
case-insensitive.
▪ Note!
▫ In terms of VARIABLES it is case-sensitive

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PHP case sensitivity cont.
▪ The three echo statements in the following example are equal.

Output of the code

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PHP comments
▪ A comment in PHP code is a line that is not executed as a part
of the program. Its only purpose is to be read by someone who
is looking at the code.
▪ Comments can be used to:
▫ Let others understand your code
▫ Remind yourself of what you did
▪ PHP supports several ways of commenting

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PHP comments cont.

Single line comment

Multiple-line
comment

Integrating
comment in the
code
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3
Variables
PHP Variables

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PHP Variables
▪ A variable is a container that you can store data in, and every
variable has a unique name.
▪ PHP variable names must begin with a dollar $ sign, and
cannot contain spaces.
▪ Variables in PHP don’t need data type.
▪ Create once a value is assigned.

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Creating (Declaring) PHP Variables
▪ In PHP, a variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the name
of the variable.
▪ Example
In the example we have declared 3 variables.
$txt contains a String
$x contains an integer
$y contains a floating point
Tip! When you assign a text value to a
variable, put quotes (“ “) or (‘ ‘) around the
value.

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PHP Variables are case-sensitive

There is no output for the variables $TXT and $tXt

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PHP Variables naming conventions
▪ The first character must be a dollar sign
▪ A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore
character
▪ Cannot begin with numbers.
▪ Case sensitive
▪ A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters
and underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ )

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Naming conventions

$email $how_long

$fang-spot Valid or Invalid? $is Choice

$10apples alien desc

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4
Conditional Statements
If…Else…Elseif

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PHP Conditional Statements
▪ Conditional statements are used to perform different actions
based on different conditions
▪ Conditional statements in PHP:
▫ if statement
▫ if…else statement
▫ if…elseif…else statement
▫ switch statement

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PHP Conditional Statements (if)
▪ The if statement executes some code if one condition is true.
▪ Syntax

▪ Example

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PHP Conditional Statements (if…else)
▪ The if...else statement executes some code if a condition is
true and another code if that condition is false.
▪ Syntax

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PHP Conditional Statements (if…else)
▪ Example

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PHP Conditional Statements (if…elseif…else)

▪ The if...elseif...else statement executes different codes for

more than two conditions.
▪ Syntax

▪ Note: You can add many else if (condition)

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PHP Conditional Statements (if…elseif…else)

▪ Example

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PHP Conditional Statements (switch)
▪ The switch statement is used to perform different actions
based on different conditions.
▪ Syntax

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PHP Conditional Statements (switch)
▪ Example

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5
Loops
For, While, Do While
Foreach, Break/Continue

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PHP Loops
▪ Loops are used to execute the same block of code again and
again, as long as a certain condition is true.
▪ Loops in PHP:
▫ for
▫ while
▫ do…while
▫ foreach

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PHP Loops (for loop)
▪ Loops through a block of code a specified number of times.
▪ Syntax

▪ Parameters
▫ init counter: Initialize the loop counter value
▫ test counter: Evaluated for each loop iteration. If it evaluates to TRUE,
the loop continues. If it evaluates to FALSE, the loop ends.
▫ increment counter: Increases the loop counter value

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PHP Loops (for loop)
▪ Example
▫ Count from 0 to 100 by tens:

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PHP Loops (while loop)
▪ Loops through a block of code as long as the specified
condition is true.
▪ Syntax

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PHP Loops (while loop)
▪ Example
▫ Print the value of x from 1 to 5 and hello world 5 times

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PHP Loops (do…while loop)
▪ Loops through a block of code once, and then repeats the loop
as long as the specified condition is true.
▪ This loop will always execute the block of code
once, it will then check the condition, and repeat the loop
while the specified condition is true.
▪ Syntax

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PHP Loops (do…while loop)
▪ Example

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PHP Loops (foreach loop)
▪ Loops through a block of code for each element in an array.
▪ For every loop iteration, the value of the current array element
is assigned to $value and the array pointer is moved by one,
until it reaches the last array element.
▪ Syntax

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PHP Loops (foreach loop)
▪ Example
▫ Display the values of the given array

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References
▪ W3Schools (2022). PHP Tutorial.
https://www.w3schools.com/php/default.asp
▪ w3resource (2020, February 26). PHP Tutorials for beginners.
https://www.w3resource.com/php/php-home.php

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End
Any questions?
Email me at amir.ledesma@clsu2.edu.ph

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