Republic Of Yemen

Sana’a University
Faculty Of Engineering
Mechatronics Engineering Department

Electric Circuit
MT102
Lab 3:
Inductive circuit

Supervised By:
Eng. Jihad Al-Zyadi

Prepared By:
Taha Yahya Hassen Qassem
201970226
Abstract:
This lab deals with circuits that involving inductors, and will see how
relationship between the voltage and current in phase which leads or legs and
learn how setting the inductive circuit in lab and in design programming.

Introduction:
When a current passes through a wire, a magnetic field is generated around
the wire. The magnetic field results from the movement of electric charge and
is proportional to the magnitude of the current.
Turning the wire into a coil concentrates that magnetic field, with the field of
one turn of the coil reinforcing another. Such a coil is called an inductor. From
an electrical point of view, the especially interesting fact is that if the current
in the wire changes, the magnetic field will react to try to keep the current
constant. This property of inductors is described by Lenz's law.

An inductor's response to changes of current is called inductance. Inductance

opposes changes in current, just as capacitance opposes changes in voltage.
Inductance is the electric current equivalent of inertia in mechanical systems.

Inductance is measured in henries. One henry is the amount of inductance

present when one volt is generated as a result of a current changing at the rate
of one ampere per second.

When an AC source is connected to an inductor L, the potential difference

across the inductor is given by,
𝑑𝑙
VL = L
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑙 𝑉𝑜
Differentiating equation above we get = ω cosωt. Plugging this result
𝑑𝑡 𝑅
into equation bellow we get,
𝑉
VL = ωL( )cos(ωt) = ωLI0 cos(ωt)
𝑅

The voltage induced across the inductor is a maximum when the change in
current is a maximum. When a sinusoidal current is applied to an inductor,
the largest induced voltage appears across the inductor when the current is
passing through zero. At the peaks of the applied current, the slope is zero
and the current is not changing, so the induced voltage is zero. Therefore,
the voltage that appears across an inductor leads the current in the inductor
by 1/4 cycle. Figure 1 illustrates this relationship.

Figure 1:Inductive Loads

Methodology:
Hardware:
❖ The items we used:
1. Function generator.
2. Oscilloscope.
3. 100 mH inductor.
4. 100 Ω resister.
5. Plexiglas’s circuit board with binding posts.

Software:
Procedures:
1. Select a 100 mH inductor and resistor 100 Ω.
2. Construct an indictor and resistor in the circuit as shown above.
3. Connect Channel 1 of the oscilloscope across the function generator
(through the bread board).
4. Set the function generator to give a sinusoidal wave output with
amplitude of 10V, set = 0V, and frequency = 250 Hz. Check the voltage
(VS) and frequency values on CH1 of the oscilloscope.
5. Connect CH2 of the oscilloscope across inductor L and measure VL.
6. Connect CH2 of the oscilloscope across resistor R and measure VR.
7. Compute the peak-to-peak current Ipp in the circuit by applying the
Ohm's law to the resistor that is
Ipp = VR/R.
8. Measure the phase angle between VR and VS by using the cursors on the
oscilloscope display. press STOP to improve accuracy when taking
cursor measurements.

Results :
Frequency Voltage Current
(Hz) (V) (I)
Discussion:
• In the reactive circuits, the voltage leads the current by 90 degree in
phase.
• When the current is zero the voltage is maximum.
• When the current is zero the voltage is maximum.
• Opposite for negative half wave.

Conclusion and recommendations:

When you want to design any electrical circuit, you have to be careful
about selection of proper components, and set up the circuit carefully to void
the damage of components and yourself.

References :
- Lab sheet.
- ECE 2120.
- INTRODUCTORY CIRCUIT ANALYSIS