DNA Replication

What is DNA replication?

ENZYME: DNA-directed DNA polymerase

 Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

DNA RNA Protein

 DNA replication
DNA Synthesis occurs inside the nuclues.
 DNA replication
Features of DNA replication

1. Semi-conservative
2. Ordered and sequential
3. Uses activated substrates
4. Semi-discontinuous
5. Accurate
DNA replication
 DNA replication
Three Steps for Replication
1. Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination
 DNA replication
A circular bacterial chromosome has a
single origin of replication.

oriC : origin of replication of E. coli

1. Recognition of origin of replication

by specific proteins
2. Formation of replication fork

INITIATION: Prokaryotic DNA Replication

Proteins involved in the formation of replication fork

• Dna A – for
identification of
origin of replication
• DNA Helicase –
unwinds the DNA
• Single strand DNA
binding protein –
prevents the
reannealing of DNA

INITIATION: Prokaryotic DNA Replication

DNA polymerase in prokaryotes
Complications in DNA replication

1. Both strands of the DNA double helix must be

copied. DNA polymerase has only 5’ 3’
polymerase activity.

2. DNA polymerase cannot initiate DNA synthesis on

a molecule that is entirely single-stranded.
Formation of Primosome

ELONGATION: Prokaryotic DNA Replication

Formation of Replisome

ELONGATION: Prokaryotic DNA Replication

Discontinuous synthesis of DNA in lagging strand
Mechanism of
DNA synthesis
1. Excision of RNA
primers by DNA
polymerase I
2. Filling up of the
gaps by DNA
polymerase I
3. Nick ligation

ELONGATION: Prokaryotic DNA Replication

DNA polymerase has
proofreading ability

DNA polymerase III

3’  5’ exonuclease activity

DNA polymerase I
3’  5’ exonuclease activity
5’  3’ exonuclease activity
 Supplemental Learning Sources
Websites:

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-biology/chapter/dna-replication/

https://microbenotes.com/dna-replication/

Videos:

https://youtu.be/TNKWgcFPHqw

https://youtu.be/I9ArIJWYZHI

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/gene-expression-and-
regulation/replication/v/leading-and-lagging-strands-in-dna-replication