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Replication
By: Micah Ezra N. Chang
The Big Questions
1. Why do we need to study DNA Replication?
1. To understand cancer
2. To understand aging
Basics of DNA
01 Replication
DNA Replication
03 in Eukaryotes
DNA Replication
02 in Prokaryotes
01: Basics of DNA
Replication
Learning Objectives:
• Explain how the structure of DNA reveals the
replication process
• Describe the Meselson and Stahl experiments
01: Basics of DNA Replication
DNA structure
● A DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) molecule looks like
a twisted ladder. Its shape is called a double helix.
A helix is a shape that twists.
● The two sides of the DNA ladder are made of sugar
molecules alternating with phosphate molecules.
● The rungs of the DNA molecule are made of
chemical building blocks called bases. The four
bases found in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T),
cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
01: Basics of DNA Replication
● Conservative replication:
– The parental double helix remains intact;
– both strands of the daughter double helix are newly synthesized
It would leave the original template DNA strands intact and would
produce a copy composed of entirely new DNA base pairs.
01: Basics of DNA Replication
● Semiconservative replication:
–It would produce two copies that each contained one of the original
strands, and one entirely new copy.
01: Basics of DNA Replication
● Dispersive replication:
–At completion, both strands of both double helices contain both original
and newly synthesized material.
Meselson-Stahl experiments
○ Experiment allowed
differentiation of parental and
newly formed DNA.
01: Basics of DNA Replication
Step 3: Elongation
Step 4: Termination
Step 3: Elongation
Step 4: Termination
Telomere replication
Unlike prokaryotic chromosomes,
eukaryotic chromosomes are linear.
The DNA at the ends of the
chromosome thus remains unpaired,
and over time these ends, called
telomeres, may get progressively
shorter as cells continue to divide.
02: DNA Replication in Prokaryotes
Telomere replication
● Telomeres comprise repetitive
sequences that code for no
particular gene.
● Telomeres protect the genes from
getting deleted as cells continue to
divide. The telomeres are added to
the ends of chromosomes by a
separate enzyme, telomerase.
● The telomerase enzyme contains a
catalytic part and a built-in RNA
template
02: DNA Replication in Prokaryotes
Telomere replication
02: DNA Replication in Prokaryotes
Telomere replication
02: DNA Replication in Prokaryotes
Telomere replication
02: DNA Replication in Prokaryotes
Telomere replication
02: DNA Replication in Prokaryotes