TOPICWISE WORKSHEET ON ELECTRICITY RECENT YEARS

Q1.W21 v21 q6 9

6 A circuit contains a battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 4.5 V, a 28 Ω resistor and a variable
resistor. Fig. 6.1 is the circuit diagram.

4.5 V

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28 Ω

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Fig. 6.1

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(a) The battery consists of three identical cells in series.

Determine the e.m.f. of each cell.

48 TH S
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e.m.f. of each cell = ......................................................... [1]
01 & R

(b) The potential difference (p.d.) across the variable resistor is 2.5 V.
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(i) State what is meant by potential difference.

IC UN

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
YS AM

...........................................................................................................................................
PH . M

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Calculate the resistance of the variable resistor.

D
M

resistance = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 6]

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 Q2. W21 v22 q9 18

9 A filament lamp is connected to a 240 V alternating current (a.c.) mains supply.

(a) Describe how the output of an a.c. supply differs from the output of a direct current (d.c.)
supply.

Sketch two voltage–time graphs in the blank space to help your explanation.

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...................................................................................................................................................

98 T HID
............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) The lamp is rated at 60 W and is designed to be used with a 240 V supply.

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(i) Calculate the current in the lamp.
67 MA RO
01 & R
S U

current = ......................................................... [2]

IC UN

(ii) Calculate the resistance of the lamp.

YS AM
PH . M

resistance = ......................................................... [2]

(iii) A room is lit by five of these filament lamps connected in parallel.

D

State two advantages of connecting the lamps in parallel rather than in series.
M

1. .......................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2. .......................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

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(iv) The five lamps in (b)(iii) are lit for an average time of 5.5 hours a day for a year. Electricity
costs $0.15 / kW h.

Calculate the cost of using these lamps for a year.

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cost = ......................................................... [2]

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(c) A student takes the lamp in (b) to school and connects it in a circuit using a 1.5 V cell, an

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ammeter and a voltmeter. The circuit is used to determine the resistance of the lamp.

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(i) In the blank space, draw the circuit diagram of the circuit used to determine the resistance
of the lamp.

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48 TH S
67 MA RO
[2]
01 & R

(ii) The value of the resistance of the filament lamp in this circuit differs greatly from the
S U

value calculated in (b)(ii).

IC UN

State how the resistance value in this circuit differs and explain why it differs.

...........................................................................................................................................
YS AM

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]
PH . M

[Total: 15]
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M

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 Q3.S21 v22 q7 10

7 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows two circuit components.

thermistor LDR

Fig. 7.1

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For each of these components state what causes an increase in its resistance.

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thermistor ..................................................................................................................................

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...................................................................................................................................................

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LDR ..........................................................................................................................................

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...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Fig. 7.2 shows a battery connected to a diode, an ammeter and a resistor.

48 TH S
Fig. 7.3 shows the current – voltage graph for the diode.
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current
01 & R
S U

0
IC UN

0 0.6
A voltage / V
YS AM

Fig. 7.2 Fig. 7.3

The current in the resistor is 2.0 A and the potential difference across the resistor is 5.4 V.
PH . M

(i) State what is meant by the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the battery.

...........................................................................................................................................
D

..................................................................................................................................... [1]
M

(ii) Explain why the e.m.f. of the battery must be greater than 5.4 V.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

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(iii) Calculate the electrical energy input to the resistor in 5.0 minutes.

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energy input = ......................................................... [2]

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(iv) The circuit is reconnected with the diode in the opposite direction, as shown in Fig. 7.4.

7 C IL
29 EA M
98 T HID
48 TH S A
67 MA RO
Fig. 7.4

Explain what is observed.

01 & R

...........................................................................................................................................
S U

...........................................................................................................................................
IC UN

..................................................................................................................................... [1]
YS AM

[Total: 8]
PH . M
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 Q4. S21 v21q9 14

9 Fig. 9.1 is the current – voltage graph for a filament lamp.

1.8

1.6
current / A
1.4

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1.2

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1.0

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0.8

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0.6

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0.4

0.2
48 TH S
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0.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
voltage / V
01 & R

Fig. 9.1
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(a) Fig. 9.2 shows an incomplete circuit diagram of the circuit that a student uses to obtain the
readings for the graph.
IC UN
YS AM
PH . M

A
D
M

Fig. 9.2

Complete the circuit diagram using suitable circuit symbols for the lamp, a voltmeter and a
variable resistor. [3]

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(b) The ammeter used by the student has ranges 0−10 A, 0−1 A, 0−100 mA and 0−10 mA.

Describe how the student uses the different ranges to obtain readings which allow all nine
points to be plotted precisely on the graph while using the ammeter safely.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

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............................................................................................................................................. [2]

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(c) State how Fig. 9.1 shows that the lamp does not obey Ohm’s law.

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...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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(d) Using Fig. 9.1, determine the resistance of the lamp when:

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(i) the voltmeter reading is 0.40 V
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01 & R
S U

resistance = ...............................................................
IC UN

(ii) the voltmeter reading is 6.0 V.

YS AM
PH . M

resistance = ...............................................................
[3]
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M

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(e) (i) Explain why the resistance of the lamp changes as the voltage changes.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) State how the resistance of a wire depends upon its length and how it depends on its
cross-sectional area.

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length ................................................................................................................................

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...........................................................................................................................................

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cross-sectional area ..........................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

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[2]

(iii) The student obtains a long sample of the same type of wire as the filament in the lamp.

48 TH S The wire he obtains has the same cross-sectional area as the filament.
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He cuts a 1.0 m length of the wire and measures its resistance at room temperature.

He obtains the value 16 Ω.

01 & R

Using the appropriate resistance value from (d), estimate the length of the filament wire
in the lamp.
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IC UN
YS AM
PH . M

length = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 15]
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 Q5.S21 v22 q6 10

6 The power input to a filament lamp when connected to a 12 V supply is 20 W.

(a) State what is meant by power.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Calculate:

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(i) the current in the filament

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29 EA M
98 T HID
current = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) the resistance of the filament.

48 TH S
67 MA RO
01 & R

resistance = ......................................................... [1]

S U
IC UN

(c) The filament in another lamp is made from thinner wire of the same length and made from the
same material. Both lamps are connected to a 12 V supply.

State and explain how using thinner wire in the filament affects the power input to the lamp.
YS AM

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
PH . M

............................................................................................................................................. [2]
D

[Total: 6]
M

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 Q6.S21 v21 q8eitehr 12

8 Fig. 8.1 shows a potential divider circuit containing two resistors R1 and R2.

R1
input
voltage
6.0 V

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output

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R2 voltage

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Fig. 8.1

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(a) There is an input voltage of 6.0 V.

Complete Table 8.1 to show the output voltage for different values of the resistances of the
two resistors.

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01 & R
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IC UN

Table 8.1
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resistance of R1 / Ω resistance of R2 / Ω output voltage / V

8.0 8.0
PH . M

..............................

800 1200
..............................
D

[3]
M

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EITHER

(b) In the circuit shown in Fig. 8.1, resistor R1 is replaced by a light dependent resistor (LDR).

(i) In the space below, draw the circuit symbol for an LDR.

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[1]

H O
(ii) The LDR is moved from darkness into daylight.

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State what happens to the resistance of the LDR and the output voltage.

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resistance ..........................................................................................................................

output voltage ....................................................................................................................

98 T HID
[1]

(iii) A potential divider circuit can also be used to produce an output voltage that changes
with temperature.

48 TH S State the name of the component that is used instead of the LDR.
67 MA RO
..................................................................................................................................... [1]

OR
01 & R

(b) A simple bistable circuit contains NOR gates.

S U

(i) In the space below, draw the circuit symbol of a NOR gate.
IC UN
YS AM

[1]
PH . M

(ii) Describe what is meant by a bistable circuit.

...........................................................................................................................................
D
M

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 6]

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Q7.W20 v21 q10
10 Fig. 10.1 shows a wire of length l and cross-sectional area A.

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Fig. 10.1

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(a) State how the resistance of the wire in Fig. 10.1 depends on:

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(i) l

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..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(ii) A.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

48 TH S
(b) The cross-sectional area of a piece of metal wire is 7.5 × 10–4 cm2. The resistance of a 1.0 m
67 MA RO
length of the same wire is 6.4 Ω.

The wire is made from metal W.

Fig. 10.2 shows a solid cube of side 1.0 cm. It is also made from metal W.
01 & R
S U

B
A
IC UN

1.0 cm
1.0 cm
YS AM

1.0 cm

Fig. 10.2
PH . M

Calculate the resistance between the two opposite faces A and B of the cube.
D
M

resistance = ......................................................... [2]

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(c) The wire in part (b) is taped to a metre rule.

Fig. 10.3 shows that a 1.0 m length of the wire (resistance 6.4 Ω) is connected in series with a
switch, a cell of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 1.2 V and a resistor of resistance 9.6 Ω.

1.2 V
9.6 Ω

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0 cm

H O
wire

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Fig. 10.3

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The switch is closed.

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(i) Explain what is meant by electromotive force (e.m.f.).

...........................................................................................................................................

48 TH S ...........................................................................................................................................
67 MA RO
..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Calculate the potential difference (p.d.) across the 1.0 m length of the wire.
01 & R
S U
IC UN

p.d. = ......................................................... [3]

YS AM

(iii) One input terminal of an oscilloscope is connected to the wire at point P, the 0 cm mark
of the metre rule.
PH . M

The other terminal of the oscilloscope is connected to a sliding contact. Initially, this
contact touches the wire at point P.
D

The Y-gain setting on the oscilloscope is 0.20 V / cm.

M

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Fig. 10.4 shows the screen of the oscilloscope with a horizontal trace across the middle
of the screen.

trace

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1.0 cm

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1.0 cm

48 TH S Fig. 10.4
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The sliding contact is slowly moved along the wire until it reaches the other end of the
metre rule.

Describe and explain what happens to the trace on the screen.

01 & R
S U

...........................................................................................................................................
IC UN

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
YS AM

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(d) A second, identical 1.2 V cell is connected in parallel with the cell in the circuit in Fig. 10.3.
PH . M

(i) State one advantage of using two cells in parallel rather than a single cell.

...........................................................................................................................................
D

..................................................................................................................................... [1]
M

(ii) State and explain the effect on the trace in (c)(iii) of adding the second cell in parallel.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 15]
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 Section B

Q8. S20 v21 q8Answer two questions from this section. Answer in the spaces provided.
8 Fig. 8.1 shows a lamp from a car. It contains two metal filaments.

filament 1

filament 2

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Fig. 8.1

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(a) (i) Complete the boxes to describe the transfer of energy that takes place when the lamp is
switched on.

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........................ energy .................................. and .................................. energy

[3]
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(ii) The efficiency of the metal filament lamp is less than 10%.

State what is meant by efficiency.

...........................................................................................................................................
01 & R

..................................................................................................................................... [2]
S U
IC UN

(b) The two filaments are usually connected in parallel to a car battery.

A student investigates what happens when the filaments are connected in series, rather than
in parallel. He uses the same battery for the investigation.
YS AM

State whether the current, the voltage across each filament and the total power produced
increases, decreases or stays the same when the two filaments are connected in series.
PH . M

current ...............................................................................................

voltage ...............................................................................................
D

power ................................................................................................
M

[2]

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(c) Fig. 8.2 shows the current–voltage graph for the two filaments.

2.0

current / A

1.5

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1.0

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98 T HID
0.5

48 TH S 0
0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0
67 MA RO
voltage / V

Fig. 8.2
01 & R

(i) Calculate the total resistance of the two filaments when they are connected in parallel to
S U

a voltage of 12 V.
IC UN
YS AM
PH . M
D

resistance = ......................................................... [3]

M

(ii) The two filaments are made from the same type of metal and have the same length,
when uncoiled. They both operate at the same temperature.

Suggest why one filament has a resistance that is greater than that of the other filament.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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Q9. W19 V21 Q5
6 A 60 W filament lamp is powered by the 240 V mains electricity supply.

The lamp is switched on.

(a) Calculate:

(i) the current in the lamp

ER N
H O
7 C IL
current = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) the resistance of the lamp.

29 EA M
98 T HID
resistance = ......................................................... [2]

(b) The lamp is now unplugged from the mains supply and connected in series with two 1.5 V

48 TH S
cells. Fig. 6.1 is the circuit diagram.
67 MA RO
01 & R

A V
S U
IC UN

Fig. 6.1
YS AM

(i) State the reading on the voltmeter.

reading = ......................................................... [1]

PH . M

(ii) State and explain how the resistance of the lamp now differs from the value calculated in
(a)(ii).
D

...........................................................................................................................................
M

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii) When a filament lamp blows, it very often does so immediately after being switched on.

Suggest why this is the case.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 8]
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Q10. W19 V22 Q6
6 An electric circuit contains a 700 Ω resistor and a light-dependent resistor (LDR). Fig. 6.1 is the
circuit diagram.

12 V
S

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700 Ω

H O
LDR

7 C IL
29 EA M
oscilloscope

98 T HID
Fig. 6.1

The electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the battery is 12 V.

48 TH S
An oscilloscope is connected across the fixed resistor. Fig. 6.2 shows the oscilloscope, including
the settings of the timebase and the Y-gain controls. Line Q shows the position of the trace on the
67 MA RO
oscilloscope when the switch S is open.
01 & R

P
50 ms / division
S U
IC UN

timebase
YS AM

Q
PH . M
D

2.0 V / division
Y-gain
M

1 division

Fig. 6.2

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The switch S is closed and the trace on the oscilloscope moves to the position shown by line P in
Fig. 6.2.

(a) (i) Determine the potential difference (p.d.) across the 700 Ω resistor.

p.d. = ......................................................... [1]

(ii) Determine the resistance of the LDR.

ER N
H O
7 C IL
29 EA M
98 T HID
resistance = ......................................................... [3]

48 TH S
67 MA RO
(b) The intensity of the light incident on the LDR gradually increases.

State and explain how the trace on the oscilloscope screen moves.

...................................................................................................................................................
01 & R
S U

...................................................................................................................................................
IC UN

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]
YS AM

[Total: 7]
PH . M
D
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S19 V21 Q5
5 A student uses the circuit shown in Fig. 5.1 to investigate a resistor R.

V A

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H O
R

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29 EA M
Fig. 5.1

(a) Describe how the student uses the apparatus in Fig. 5.1 to obtain a range of ammeter and

98 T HID
voltmeter readings.

...................................................................................................................................................

48 TH S
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
67 MA RO
(b) The readings obtained are shown in Table 5.1.

Table 5.1
01 & R

voltmeter reading / V ammeter reading / mA

S U

7.6 320
IC UN

5.2 220
2.4 100
YS AM

(i) State Ohm’s law.

...........................................................................................................................................
PH . M

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]
D
M

(ii) Using the results in Table 5.1, show that the resistor obeys Ohm’s law.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(iii) The student has available an ammeter with five ranges marked:

• 0 − 10 A
• 0 − 200 mA
• 0 − 20 mA
• 0 − 2 mA
• 0 − 0.2 mA

Suggest how the student makes best use of the different ranges during the investigation.

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...........................................................................................................................................

H O
...........................................................................................................................................

7 C IL
...........................................................................................................................................

29 EA M
..................................................................................................................................... [1]

98 T HID
[Total: 5]
S21 V21 Q8

48 TH S
67 MA RO
01 & R
S U
IC UN
YS AM
PH . M
D
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8 Fig. 8.1 shows a circuit diagram containing a 2000 Ω resistor of constant resistance and a
thermistor.

thermistor

12 V

ER N
2000 Ω

H O
7 C IL
29 EA M
Fig. 8.1

98 T HID
(a) (i) At one temperature, the resistance of the thermistor is 1200 Ω.

Calculate the potential difference (p.d.) across the 2000 Ω resistor at this temperature.

48 TH S
67 MA RO
01 & R

p.d. = ......................................................... [2]

S U

(ii) Explain why the p.d. across the 2000 Ω resistor increases when the temperature
IC UN

increases.

...........................................................................................................................................
YS AM

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
PH . M

..................................................................................................................................... [2]
D
M

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