CBRC Blue Book 1001 Bullets General Education

Author:
Carl E. Balita, RN, RM, RPT, MAN, DrHum, EdD

Contributors: Michael Prince Del Rosario, RN, LPT
Iah Seraspi, LPT
Vanessa Joy Gasat, RN, LPT
Circulation Manager: Ruel Nieva Jr.
Layout Artist: Katherine Ann Nieva, RN
Cover Design: Mark Lester Cruz
Circulation Staff: Humprey Nitural
Printer: RDLEN’S Printing Services
Published by
Ultimate Learning Series
2nd flr. Carmen Bldg., 881 G. Tolentino St.,
Sampaloc, Manila 1008
ISBN: 978-621-8042-01-8
This reviewer is protected by copyright. No part of it may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any
means-electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording or otherwise without
prior written permission of the author, except to pre-service teachers whose
schools have adopted this reviewer, and provided such instructors have given
due credit to this reviewer and its’ author.
This reviewer is a compilation of various information on generally
acceptable knowledge, concepts, principles, theories, and practices in
education. It adapts contents from various publicly acknowledged
publications, authors, theorists, authorities, and practitioners whose works
are commonly utilized in the academe.
The works of these authors, theorists, authorities, and practitioners
are indispensable to any review program, as they are vital for the
completeness of this material. This review material is primarily aimed at
helping
and assisting teachers and reviewees in the pursuit of teacher
professionalization.
Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information
presented. However, the authors, editor, and publisher are not responsible
for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of
information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with
respect to the content of the publication, especially relative to time and other
variables for which the information is used and applied. Any practice
described in this review material should be applied by the reader in
accordance
to professional standards of care used with regard to the unique
circumstances
that may apply in each situation. Comments and contributions may be sent
to cbrcrequest@gmail.com or by mail to Ultimate Learning Series, 881 G.
Tolentino St., Sampaloc, Manila or through www.carlbalita.com.
INTRODUCTION
Republic Act no. 7836 also known as the “Philippine Teachers
Professionalization Act of 1994” is an act to strengthen the regulation and
supervision of the practice of teaching in the Philippines and prescribing a
Licensure Examination for Teachers and for other purposes.
According to the latest statistics from the Commission on Higher
Education (CHED), for every 100 enrollees in teacher education programs in
the Philippines, only 16 will eventually graduate, on average. On their first
try, only five of these 16 graduates will pass the Licensure Examination for
Teachers (LET), an exam graduates need to take before they can teach in
public schools, given the country’s average national test-taker passing rate
of 30%. For the other eleven repeaters, the average gets lower.
The Board Licensure Examination for Professional Teachers (BLEPT)
comprises of two parts for the Elementary Education namely: General
Education (40%) and Professional Education (60%), and three parts for the
Secondary Education namely: General Education (20%), Professional
Education (40%), ad Specialization (40%). For both elementary and
secondary, Professional Education gets the highest percentage needed to
pass the BLEPT.
General Education topics include English, Social Science, General
Science, Math, Filipino.
This “1001 BULLETS” by Dr. Carl E. Balita, consists of the most
important concepts in General Education which is parallel to the BLEPT
examinations. This contains bullets that are substantial, simplified, and
easyto-understand. The reviewer includes the most salient points for General
Education subjects that are based
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Special thanks to the many people who in one way or another has
contributed to the fulfillment of this endeavor- my being a teacher
through shared knowledge.
My teachers!
… they must have shown me great example of this noble profession and
vacation. I was forced into nursing but evolved to become a teacher, and
pursued further
studies and became a doctor of education. From my teachers in basic
education to my professors in the graduate schools, and my future
teachers.
The hundreds of authors of my references
… whose works served as my substance from which I derived my form
My students, reviewees, trainees, and other incidental students and
mentee
… who forced me into becoming a teacher
My CBRC Family
… who facilitated my growth as a teacher, as well as my CEB group of
companies which provided me a classroom larger than life, especially to
Nancy, Lando, Bong, Jonathan, Bhum, Dang and Algie!
My parent, siblings and relatives
… who guided me through my maturation and education
My beloved family, my wife, Lyne who gave me four lovely kids:
Lyca, Lambert, Lyza and Lyra
… for having served as my reason for being and becoming
… for making my life complete and my journey worth beyond a lifetime
… for my immortal source of complete happiness
THE ULTIMATE PSYCHOLOGY OF TEST SUCCESS
. . . The BALITA Formula
Bring Out the Best in YOU
You are the greatest resource! During the exam proper, you only
have yourself moving towards the end-in-mind – passing the LET! While
Divine help is surely to come to those who seek for it and while other
people have helped you get through this far, the end of the battle is the
test to your sole determination and preparedness to emerge victorious.
This means you have to be so sure that you really have brought out the
BEST in you. To do this, acknowledge that you have all the potentials to
get to the peak of success. You have to unleash the power within and it
has to come from you, believing that you can and you will do it!
Here are few simple instructions to get to the road of success:
·
Place your hand over your chest, close to your heart
·
Close your eyes and take some few deep breaths
·
Say this slowly to yourself, “I will make it to this exam…I will bring
out the BEST in me…The power to succeed in this exam is within
me…the greatest power will help me through this.”
Ask yourself about the “BIG WHY?”!
Why should you pass this test? This is an important answer that will
continue to guide you through the preparation process. It may be hard
but there is a way to make everything easy, including this draining review
process. You have to enjoy it!!! Think about what you are getting from
the review process also offers the best opportunity for you to become
the best TEACHER you could be. The “BIG WHY?” could also come as a
source of inspiration, a continuous fuel that will keep the fire of desire
to succeed in you burning.
Listen to your body and soul!
Your body has needs and is communicated to you in different ways.
It needs your attention too. Assessing and evaluating how your body
performs to reaching your goals is inevitable part of your success. Never
force yourself too hard and too much more than what you actually need and
what you can actually do. If you are sleepy, go and take a rest or a nap. If
you’re hungry, find something to eat. In other words, listen to what your
body is asking you. After giving into what it wants, then it will be easier for
it to give you what you want in return. This is not a “depersonalizing”

experience, but rather a practical optimization of efforts and time. What’s
the use of pushing yourself to continue studying when all you want is to
eat or sleep? Enjoy the review process! This is going to be a nagging
reminder. If your body enjoys what it is going through, the soul could be
free finding its way to what it is envisioned to be. Don’t punish yourself in
the process of learning and growing!
Individualize your learning!
We are unique, in every way you can think of. This applies to learn.
We do have different learning styles. Remember that you are already an
ADULT. Find sense in what you are learning. Don’t just memorize
everything.
Internalize every theory and concept. Find meanings and relationships.
Many things slip our conscious mind because it is pushed to the unconscious
trash bin that we cannot easily access. That is simply because our adult
tendencies want the functional value of what we are learning after all.
Find your best mood, place, time, space, company, accessory (like music
and light), and environment. Don’t ever forget YOU are the boss here!
Trust that you have what it takes to be successful!
Let us accept that no one is ever perfect, but we are complete
enough to get through our tasks. Just like you, YOU have what it takes to be
a successful examinee. You only have to compete with yourself and you
have to make sure that you don’t compete with your greatest asset (that
may be your potentially greatest liability too). No one has to fail for you to
pass. Never use others as your benchmark or success indicators. Do not
compare yourself with others. Doing so sacrifices and aggrieves your
confidence.
Act now!
The mind is a wonderful domain. It offers all the best in life and
your imagination has to offer. But it should be complemented by a decisive
action to translate dreams and mindsets into tangible and measureable
indicators and results. The key here is ACTION! Options are a thousand,
choices are a lot, but the action you take is the choice that you make. And
the choice that you make defines what you will reap. It could either break
you or make you. Just don’t forget that HE has given us freewill and reason
to choose well.
NCBTS
National Competency-Based Teacher Standards
DOMAIN 1: SOCIAL REGARD FOR LEARNING (SRFL)The domain
of Social
Regard for Learning focuses on the ideal that teachers serve as positive &
powerful role models of the values of the pursuit of learning & of the
effort to learn, & that the teachers’ actions, statements, & different types
of social interactions with students exemplify this ideal.
Strands of Desired Teaching Performance
1.1 Teacher’s Actions demonstrative value for learning
1.2 Teacher demonstrates that learning is of different kinds and comes
from different source
DOMAIN 2: LEARNING ENVIRONMENT (LE)The domain of Learning
Environment focuses on importance of providing for a social and physical
environment within which all students, regardless of their individual
differences in learning, can engage the different learning activities and
work towards attaining high standards of learning.
2.1 Teacher creates an environment that promotes fairness
2.2 teacher makes the classroom environment safe and conductive to
learning
2.3 Teacher communicates higher learning expectations to each learner
2.4 Teacher establishes and maintains consistent standards of learner’s
behavior
2.5 Teacher creates a healthy psychological climate for learning
DOMAIN 3: DIVERSITY OF LEARNERS
The domain of Diversity of Learners emphasizes the ideal that teachers
can facilitate the learning process in diverse types of learners, by first
recognizing and respecting individual differences, then using knowledge
about students’ differences to design diverse sets of learning activities to
ensure that all students can attain appropriate learning goals.
3.1 Teacher determines, understands, and accepts the learners’ diverse
knowledge and experience
3.2 The teacher demonstrates concern for holistic development of learners
DOMAIN 4: CURRICULUM The domain of Curriculum refers to all

elements
of the teaching-learning process that work in convergence to help students
attain high standards of learning and understanding of the curricular goals
and objectives. These elements include the teacher’s knowledge of subject
matter, teaching-learning approaches and activities, instructional materials
and learning resources.
4.1 Teacher demonstrates mastery of the subject
4.2 Teacher communicates clear learning goals for the lessons that are
appropriate for learners
4.3 Teacher makes good use of allotted instructional time
4.4 Teacher select teaching methods, learning activities and the instructional
materials or resources appropriate to the learners and aligned to objectives
of the lesson
4.5 Teacher recognizes general learning processes as well as unique
processes
of individual learners
4.6 Teacher demonstrates skills in the use of Information and Communication
Technology in teaching and learning
DOMAIN 5: PLANNING, ASSESSING, AND REPORTING The domain
of Planning,
Assessing & Reporting refers to the aligned use of assessment and planning
activities to ensure that the teaching-learning activities are maximally
appropriate to the students’ current knowledge and learning levels. In
particular, the domain focuses on the use of assessment data to plan &
revise teaching-learning plans, as well as the integration of formative
assessment procedures in the plan and implementation of teaching-learning
activities.
5.1Teacher develops and utilizes creative and appropriate instructional plan
5.2 Teaching develops and uses a variety of appropriate assessment
strategies to monitor and evaluate learning
5.3 Teacher regularly monitors and provides feedback on learners’
understanding of content
5.4 Teacher communicates promptly and clearly to learners, parents, and
superiors the learner’s progress
DOMAIN 6: COMMUNITY LINKAGES The domain of Community

Linkages
focuses on the ideal that school activities are meaningfully linked to the
experiences and aspirations of the students in their homes and communities.
Thus the domain focuses on teachers’ efforts directed at strengthening the
links between school and community activities, particularly as these links
help in the attainment of the curricular objectives.
6.1 Teacher establishes learning an environment that responds to the
aspirations of the community
DOMAIN 7: PERSONAL GROWTH AND PROFESSIONAL
DEVELOPMENTThe
domain of Personal Growth and Professional Development emphasizes the
ideal that teachers value having a high personal regard, concern for
professional development, and continuous improvement as teachers.
7.1 Teacher takes pride in the nobility of teaching as a profession
7.2 Teacher builds professional links with colleagues to enrich teaching
practice
7.3 Teacher reflects on the extent of the attainment of professional
development goals
Ten Testmanship Tips from Ten Topnotchers

Michael Prince N. del Rosario, LPT
1st Placer – Lorma Colleges / Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State
University
“Treat this board exam as if your life depends on it. Practice! Practice!
Practice! Testmanship is one thing, working hard is another. Claim it. It’s
yours! The LET is yours!”
Iah B. Seraspi, LPT
2nd Placer – Romblon State University
“Always believe in the power of the CARL method and apply it in every
question. Don’t be afraid of the board exam. Be prepared enough and
make sure you bring all the guns and bullets you need. You can do it!”
Hazel Rose Deniega, LPT
3rd Placer – Sorsogon State College
“Practice shading even at home, simulate the real examination day by
using the prescribe shirt so that you will feel comfortable. Think about the
examination day and train yourself on how to overcome the pressures and
how to analyze. And most of all... pray and pray and pray.”
Caroline Ocaya, LPT
4th Placer, Elementary – University of the Philippines Diliman
“Question the answers. The best way to remember the answers to each
item is to be fully convinced that it is correct (especially for Prof Ed). If the
answer provided does not sit well with you, feel free to have your lecturer
explain why it is the best answer. If you’re still dissatisfied, you can always
do your own research on the Internet.”
Rothsen Mae Love Diamola, LPT
5th Placer – Surigao State College of Technology
“Budget your time, being employed while taking the review is never an
excuse to be able not to study; the CBRC materials are not just to be opened
during review class but for you to study at home. Being able to manage the
time for studying helps build positive attitude and confidence on the day
of the exam.”
Marjorie Aboga, LPT

6th Placer – Samar College
“Don’t pressure yourself to memorize concepts in an instant, especially if
you’re not good in memorization. Write down concepts in a manila paper
and paste it on the wall where you can see it usually. I even pasted one at
the back of my cell phone cover, back of our remote control or in a y object
that you usually use.”
Keith Nichie Tan Estrada, LPT
7th Placer – Polytechnic University of the Philippines
“Preparing and reviewing for LET is not easy, it’s frustrating, tiring and it
will
make you want to give up especially when you encounter unfamiliar topics
and words on the time of review. My advice is for them to just breathe, pray
and think of the reason why they like to pass and Top the exam, it will
motivate you to focus on your goal.”
Ralph Christian Currimao, LPT
8th Placer – d Mariano Marcos State University
“Always remember to TOP (Tap, Open and Pulp). First, tap all your
resources
from hard copies to soft copies (online). Next, open your heart and mind to
be able to prepare yourselves to read and read. Lastly, pulp all the ideas
from your review materials. The key ingredients to TOP: Trust, Optimism
and Perseverance.”
Ma Fatima Ofracio, LPT
9th placer, Elementary – Bacolod City College
“Start your journey by setting your quite ambitious yet realistic goal. Then,
strive hard to achieve it. Be sure to allot at least 30mins in reading and
answering LET Questions every day. Have confidence in yourself that you
can pass or even TOP the LET. Lastly, always put God in the center of your
life
and work.”
Rose Ann Sumaoang Tubay, LPT
10th Placer – Tarlac State University
“First, set a review schedule and your target objectives every day. Second,
write your goal somewhere to remind you every now and then of what you
are trying to achieve.”
THE LET PROGRAM

BOARD FOR PROFESSIONAL TEACHERS
Coverage of Examination for General Education
1.
ENGLISH
Study and Thinking Skills
Writing in the Discipline
Speech and Oral Communication
Philippine Literature
Master Works of the World
2.
FILIPINO
Komunikasyon sa Akademikong Filipino (Filipino 1)
Pagbasa at Pagsulat tungo sa Pananaliksik (Filipino 2)
Masining na Pagpapahayag (Filipino 3)
3.
MATHEMATICS
Fundamentals of Math
Plane Geometry
Elementary Algebra
Statistics and Probability
4.
SCIENCE
Biological Science - General Biology
Physical Science - with Earth Science
5.
SOCIAL SCIENCES
Philippine Government and the New Constitution (with Human
Rights)
Philippine History
Basic Economics, Taxation, Agrarian Reform
Society and Culture with Family Planning
Rizal and Other Heroes
Philosophy of Man
Arts
General Psychology
Information and Communication Technology
Here is the Table of Specifications/Coverage for the Licensure Examination
for Teachers (LET) - Elementary and Secondary Levels according to the
National Competency-Based Teacher Standards (NCBTS).
For (BEED) – Elementary Level Exam For (BSED) – Elementary L
Secondary evel Exam
General Education
40%
General Education
20%
Professional Education
60%
Professional Education
40%
Specialization/Major
40%
Coverage of Examination for General Education(GenEd)
ENGLISH 25%
1. Study and thinking skills
6%
1) Use English language correctly and appropriately
3%
2) Comprehend written text
3%
2. Writing in the discipline
5%
1) Use accurate, meaningful and appropriate language in
5%
written discourse.
3. Speech and Oral Communication
3%
1) Use accurate, meaningful, and appropriate language
3%
in oral discourse.
4. Philippine Literature
4%
1) Apply knowledge gained from local literary pieces
1%
2) Manifest comprehension to extract elements in major
1%
literary genres
3) Relate insights to given situations
2%
5. Master Works of the World
2%
1) Evaluate master works of the world
2%
FILIPINO 15%
Komunikasyon sa Akademikong Pilipino
6%
1) Nagagamit nang may lalong mataas na antas ng kasanayan
6%
at kahusayan ang Fiulipino sa akademikong larangan.
Pagbasa at pagsulat tungo sa pananaliksik
5%
1) Nababasa ng may wastong pang-unawa ang mga teksto
5%
sa iba’t-ibang disiplina
Masining pamamahayag
4%
1) Nagagamit nang may husay ang Filipino sa pagbuo ng isang 2%
sulating pananaliksik.
2) Solve, evaluate, and manipulate symbolic and numerical
problems in elementary algebra by applying
2%
fundamental rules, principles and processes
4. Statistics and Probability
1) Show mastery and knowledge of basic terms and concepts
in statistics and probability
1) Counting techniques
1%
2) Probability of an event
3) Measure of central tendency
4) Measures of variability
2) Solve, evaluate, and manipulate symbolic and numerical
problems in statistics and probability by applying
2%
fundamental rules, principles and processes
SCIENCE
20%
Biological Science (General Biology)
Physical science (Earth Science)
1) Identify scientific traits and attitudes exhibited in various
3%
situations
2) Use scientific inquiry to investigate materials, events and
5%
phenomena in the natural world
3) Use scientific knowledge to explain natural phenomena and
5%
protect earth’s resources
4) Analyze advantage and disadvantages of different solutions to
4%
particular problems
5) Analyze the impact of technology on living and non-living
3%
things
SOCIAL SCIENCES
20%
Philippine Government, New Constitution with Human Rights
3%
1) Demonstrate understanding of the various forms of
1%
government from the barangay to the present system
2) Explain the nature and provisions of the present constitution,
its advantages and disadvantages over the others
2%
in the past and its functions as fundamental law of the state.
Philippine History
4%
1) Trace the history of the Philippines from pre-colonial period to 2%
contemporary period.
2) Daw the implications of the historical evolution of the

2%
Philippines to its present socio-political condition.
Basic Economics, Taxation, Land Reform and Cooperative
3%
1) Manifest understanding of the Philippine economic
condition with respect to taxation, land reform and
2%
cooperative as well as to the growth of its Gross National
Product
2) Apply the fundamental economic principles to the current
1%
economic condition of the Philippines
Society and Culture and Family Planning
2%
1) Apply the basic concepts, theories, and perspectives which
1%
relate to society, culture and family planning in life.
2) Recognize cultural elements that are distinctly Filipino
1%
Rizal and other Heroes
2%
1) Analyze how Rizal’s life and works have contributed to the
1%
country’s dervelopment
2) Evaluate the contribution of other Philippine heroes and
1%
heroines to the development of the country
Philosophy
2%
1) Analyze the nature of the Filipino, the Filipino society and the
1%
emerging Filipino philosophy
2) Manifest a critical and analytical attitude toward specific issues 1%
and problems in daily life
Art Appreciations/Humanities
2%
1) Demonstrate understanding of the totality of human
experience by formulating a human perspective that integrates 1%
all areas of knowledge
2) Manifest appreciation of art as a result of an integrative and
1%
wholistic view of life
Psychology
2%
1) Apply the basic concepts and theories of human bvehavior.
2%
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
5%
1) Manifest mastery of fundamental concepts, principles and
3%
operations of information and communication technology
2) Identify varied and appropriate use of technology
1%
3) Analyze the effect/impact of ICT on the environment
1%
MATHEMATICS 20%
Fundamentals of Math
7%
1. Use of four fundamental operations in problem solving
4%
involving:
1) Operations with whole numbers, decimals, fractions and
4%
integers
2) Prime, composite, denominate numbers
4%
3) Prime factorization
4%
4) LCM, GCF
4%
5) Divisibility rules
4%
6) Ratio and proportion
4%
7) Percentage, Rate and Base
4%
8) Measurement and unit measure
2%
1) Perimeter
2) Area
3) Volume
2%
4) Capacity
5) Weight
6) Convert units in the metric system
1. Convert units in the metric system
1%
2. Plane Geometry
5%
1) Show mastery of basic terms and concepts in plane
geometry
1) Lines and curves, perpendicular and parallel lines
2) Angles, angle proportion
3%
3) Special triangles and quadrilaterals
4) polygons
2) Solve problems involving basic terms and concepts in
2%
plane geometry.
3. Elementary Algebra
5%
1) Show mastery of basic terms and concepts in elementary
algebra
1) Algebraic expressions
3%
2) Polynomials
3) Linear equations
4) Linear inequalities
GENERAL EDUCATION ENGLISH

• “A patriot is indefatigable in promoting political truth”. The statement
means a hero practices political truth.
• “As far back as I can remember, our family had always been an extended
one. Our grandmother was the mainstay in the family the silent strength
behind our mother who is her daughter.” The informal guide and honorary
household chief in the extended family is the grandmother.
• “Because of PROFANITY the program was suspended from television.”
The capitalized word means Obscenity.
• “Faster than a speeding bullet, the citizens of Metropolis saw Superman
flying overhead” has a misplaced modifier.
• “Holding wonder like a cup” is an example of simile.
• “How much money did you bring for shopping?” could be answered by
the statement: None, but I have a credit card
• “If you want the moon I will get it for you” is an example of hyperbole.
• “In the story, who is short?” is a question that falls under the Literal
Comprehension Level.
• “My head is bloody but unbowed,” is hyperbole.
• “Nothing happens in this world by chance; it is all of a grand design.”The
author speaks of one’s destiny
• “Speak when you are angry and you will make the best speech you will
ever regret” is a good advice for those who are ill-tempered and
impulsive.
• “Stephen Crane was born in 1971 in New Jersey, but his family settled
in New York. His father, a Methodist minister, died when Stephen was
nine years old. He came to know New York through its slum and street
life, particularly in Bowery.” The most appropriate heading of the
paragraph is Stephen’s family and boyhood.
• “The figures must be TRANSMUTED in order to understand the grade.”
The capitalized word means changed.
1

• “The rustling trees during winter” inspired Robert Frost in writing most
of his inspirational poem is an example of onomatopoeia.
• “The sun was a ball of fire over the mountain” is a Metaphor
• “To be or not to be”, the beginning of the soliloquy of Hamlet expresses
a feeling of indecision.
• A ballad often rhymes abcd is NOT true about ballad.
• A good writer supports his generalizations with concrete examples.
• A lengthy poem about a heroic figure usually with superpowers is called
epic.
• A number of endangered species living underwater are now extinct
because of illegal hunting and dynamite fishing. Sentence beginning
with “a number” always take a plural verb.
• A poem which is usually composed of fourteen lines which follow
specific patterns of rhyme is called sonnet.
• A story put together through an exchange of letters like Urbana and
Felisa is called epistolary literature.
• Abraham Lincoln wrote the oratorical piece The Gettysburg Address.
• According to the current linguistic theories, the best definition of the
meaning of a word is its use in a particular situation.
• According to the report done by the fire department, the explosion was
caused by a loose connection.
• Adults acquire new words and experience primarily through exposure
to their use.
• Agamemnon, the leader of the Acheans has a fondness for women which
is synonymous to penchant.
• Algie’s family lives (on, in) Ipil Street because on is used to indicate
days, complete dates and names of street, avenues, and boulevard.
2

• Allegory is a symbolic fictional account conveying meaning/s beyond
the literal.
• Alliteration is the repetition of the same sounds at the beginning of
words in lines of poetry and even in prose.
• Among crane, brine, pristine and quarantine, brine sounds like fine.
• An audience should be regarded as people who have views different
from you.
• An early tragedy about two teenage star-crossed lovers which end with
their suicides, uniting rival households of a long-running family feud is
Romeo and Juliet.
• Arnold would read any book or magazine he could lay his hands on and
read from cover to cover in one sitting, therefore, he is such a voracious
reader.
• Assumption does not belong with the words summary, synthesis and
generalization because all of them connotes “wrapping up” a particular
text.
• At the Philippine General Hospital, doctors reported on the abandoned
patients which mean the patients are left behind by relatives.
• Avoiding challenging tasks is NOT characteristic of people with a strong
sense of self-efficacy.
• Banks provide convenient service to customers 24 hours a day via ATMs.
• Becky Sharp, the main character of the novel “Vanity Fair” by Thackeray,
has been trying to forget about her first love, but she knows that doing
so takes a lifetime. The verb is in present perfect progressive tense.
• Bienvenido Santos is a Filipino migrant writer whose fiction stories
reflect the Filipino’s concepts of American culture.
• Children who have been watching a lot of television would likely suffer
from short attention span.
3

• Christian faith was the central focus of much of Philippine literature
during the Hispanic colonial period.
• Classical is an artistic tradition that seeks to revive past glory in various
forms.
• Considering the “tayo-tayo” mentality of the Filipinos, one goal for
CHANGE that should be worked on is to develop a sense of common
good.
• De Maupassant was the foremost French short story writer.
• Democracy was the dream realized by Nelson Mandela.
• Don Quixote, the hero of Cervantes’ immortal novel rode forth to defend
the oppressed and right the wrong.
• Drama (appears, appear) to be the most interesting co-curricular activity
of the year.
• During seminars or lecture forums you should clarify what you didn’t
understand by waiting for the open forum to politely ask questions.
• Edgar Allan Poe is known as the Father of Horror/Detective Stories.
Among his famous works are Annabel Lee, The Raven, The Fall of the
House of Usher and The Cask of Amontillado.
• Editorial section is the part of the newspaper where you can see the
opinions of people.
• Educational psychology is the application of the principles of theories
of human behavior in teaching and learning.
• Egyptian literature is identified as Mediterranean literature.
• Emily Dickinson is known for her candor about some issues on poetic
freedom meaning she exhibits frankness.
• Emphatic verbs are used to give certain emphasis like do, does and did.
• Equating the artist as an “improviser means he/she selects subjects at
random.
4

• Even when her friends betray her. Perla bears no rancor in her heart
because she is not Bitter.
• Fish and fries are my cousin’s favorite fast food meal. Fish and fries are
taken as a single entity.
• Free verse is a poem with irregular or no rhyme scheme and no meter at
all.
• Fricatives are sounds produced when the air stream is compressed and
passes through a small opening creating friction.
• Fyodor Dostoyevsky had been writing his last novel, Brother Karamazov
when he died. The sentence given is in the past perfect progressive
because the first past action is still happening when the second past
action transpired.
• Gabriel slept soundly in his air-conditioned room last night.
• Geoffrey Chaucer has always been called the Morning Star/Father of
English literature.
• Guy De Maupassant was the foremost French short story writer who
wrote some 300 short stories, six novels, three travel books, and one
volume of verse.
• Haiku is a traditional Japanese poem consisting of three lines totaling 17
syllables with nature as topic.
• He is the black sheep of the family is an example of a metaphor.
• He was excused because all he said were white lies. The idiomatic
expression means lines recited are excusable.
• He was like a snake in the night is a simile because the statement is
comparing the snake to the night using the word like.
• His discussion is excellent and connected to the case.
• Homer is the first mythical geographer who was recognized due to his
vivid descriptions of lands and people encountered by his hero Ulysses.
5

• How she made both ends meet, guided us in our studies and did small
acts of charity on the side was beyond me.” The mother’s financial
resources are limited.
• I can’t find my calculator; may I use yours, Michael?
• I die when the dawn breaks to herald the day is a line from Mi Ultimo
Adios by Jose Rizal.
• I thought the task was heavy for Reneboy and (us, me).
• I value a man for the size of his heart could be interpreted as Man’s
kindness is most important.
• I will not leave you to come hell or high water meaning the speaker will
not leave the person no matter what.
• Iah has not forgotten that she was betrayed by her best friend and carried
such rancor in her deeply offended heart for a long time.
• If I had taken my chance on love, I would have been happier.
• If the murder weapon is not found inside the bag of Aksionov, he will
not suffer imprisonment. This case is first conditional because it
speculates situations that are possible to happen at present time or in
the future.
• If the president listened to the wails of his people, he would have
stopped the killings in Mindanao. This case is third conditional because
it speculates situation that happened or did not happen in the past.
• If you chance upon the principal on your way out of the campus, please
send him my best wishes.
• If you drink poison, you die. This case is zero conditional because it
describes situations that are always true or factual.
• If you forgot your textbook, you can use mine, Karl.
• If you want to be recognized, have a finger in the pie meaning you have
to make an active part in something.
6

• Illogical conclusion is the logical fallacy in: “You once sponsored a project
of the governor, therefore you are the governor’s crony.
• In a Station of the Metro is a classic example of imagism as the poet, Ezra
Pound describes a moment in the Underground Metro Station in Paris
• In critical listening, the listener is concerned with acquiring new
knowledge for the purpose of improving skills in generalizing and
decision making.
• In Kerima Polotan Tuvera’s short story “The Virgin,” Ms. Mijares failed
to find a man to marry because she took care of her sick mother.
• In Macbeth, we see a man whose downfall was caused by overwhelming
ambition for power.
• In one of his poems, the Filipino author Zulueta da Costa used simile
when he said that the Filipinos are like the molave.
• In Paz Latorena’s short story “The Small Key,” old clothes and other
things
owned by the first wife are inside the chest when the second wife,
Solenad, opened it using the small key.
• In Psalm 23 otherwise known as “Psalm of David”, he will be provided
peace and prosperity is the closest meaning to the line: “He maketh me
to lie down in green pastures; he leadeth me beside the still waters.”
• In sentences with multiple adjectives, the order of adjectives must be
Determiner, Observation, Size, Shape, Age, Color, Origin, Material,
Qualifier just like in the case of: She drives an expensive black Japanese
sports car.
• In the Count of Monte Cristo, Edmond Dante was wrongfully imprisoned
on Devil’s Island.
• In the Loreto Paras Sulit’s short story, “The Bolo”, the Bolo that was
given to her by her husband is being treasured by the main character.
The obvious lesson in the short story “The Bolo” is heritage is more
important than physiological needs.
7

• In the School Paper, the Editor-in-Chief is in-charge of the entire
publication.
• In the speech process, resonation is concerned with amplifying and
enriching the voice, using human amplifiers such as the nose, windpipe,
and chest.
• In the state of confusion is meant by AT SIXES AND SEVENS in the
sentence: We moved into the house last week, but I’m afraid everything
is still at sixes and sevens.
• Informal Reading Inventory or IRI is a reading technique utilized when
a teacher asks his student to read a particular passage, then marks
mispronounced words.
• Is this spot where you had the accident?
• It is altogether fitting that we organize a literary seminar to pay homage
to a great Filipino writer.
• Jose Garcia Villa is a Filipino poet who uses punctuation marks
extensively in his pieces—most especially commas.
• Jose Garcia Villa was the first Filipino National Artist for Literature
awarded in 1973.
• Juncture is a suprasegmental that pertains to the pauses or rests in
speech.
• Let us campaign for the total ban on the use of harmful insecticides.
• Mario’s father is an alcoholic, a chain smoker, and a gambler. But Mario
is his contrast because he does not drink, smoke nor gamble. This case
proves that one’s value system is acquired.
• Mother finally found the time to rest after working the whole day.
• My father and I met a friend of ours in the shopping center.
• My goal, to be independently wealthy by the age of fifty, is looking
increasingly unrealistic contains an appositive phrase.
8

• Neither F. Scott Fitzgerald nor his contemporaries use their real names
in their writing career. In sentences with “neither, nor, and either, or”
the verb must agree with the closest noun.
• Neither his followers nor Walt Whitman was convinced that the ideas
of Emerson are out of this world.
• Neither Ralph Waldo Emerson nor his friends were present at the
meeting last night.
• Neither the teacher nor the students were present in the affairs.
• Nelson Mandela gave up armed struggle and chose the peaceful way to
freedom. He is a world leader who is a model of non-violence.
• Nelson Mandela realized his dream of free and non-racial South Africa
by forgiving his oppressors and negotiating in good faith for the peaceful
transition to democracy thereby demonstrated his trait of forgiving.
• Nelson Mandela’s dream for South Africa, which was realized was
democracy.
• Nick Joaquin is a Filipino writer whose stories and poems depict Filipino-
Spanish cultural beliefs and traditions.
• Of epigrams, the meaning of “A friend is one who knows all about you
and loves you just the same is true friendship.
• Omar Khayam wrote the Rubaiyat, which adheres to the carpe diem
movement that states that we should eat now, drink and be merry for
tomorrow we’ll die. The Rubaiyat has the theme “Grasping pleasure
while you can.”
• One of the outstanding and distinct features of Latin American Literature
is the use of magic realism.
• One of the questions which the epic Divine Comedy seeks for the reader
to ponder upon is: What is the purpose of life?
9

• Only 35% of the total number of students were able to pass the
comprehensive exam last year. Nouns in percent and in fraction take
plural verbs if paired with count nouns and singular verbs when paired
with non-count nouns.
• Ophelia Dimalanta is known for the love sonnets she wrote.
• Pastoral is a poem that describes life in rural areas in a romanticized
way.
• Pedro Bukaneg is the Father of Ilocano literature.
• Pitch is concerned about high and low in voice volume and quality.
• Pitch level 3 must be used in emphasizing or stressing the main idea in
a sentence according to traditional grammar rules.
• Posture is the way a body is carried while speaking.
• Ralph Waldo Emerson once said, “A little knowledge is a dangerous
thing.”
• Rig Veda is a collection of Indian sacred hymns while Upanishad is a
collection of religious texts.
• Rita is the smarter of the twins because it is at the comparative degree
of adjectives.
• Salvador Lopez is known as the rival of Jose Garcia Villa on issues
concerning the purpose of art.
• Security is the theme of the quote : “Have a good bank account, a good
cook, and a good digestion.”
• Several factors must be assessed to arrive at a sound decision.
• She hurt (himself, herself) when she was slicing the onions.
• She wrote a “first-rate” report. It implies the report was excellent.
10

• Skimming is reading to get the main idea while scanning is reading to
get specific information.
• Some scientists and Bible scholars agree with the prophecy that the
Earth is coming to an end.
• Stephen’s Writings includes ‘The Open Boat’ which he wrote as a result
of a shipwreck he experienced on his way to Cuba to report a war in
progress there”.
• Tanka is composed of 31 syllablles, 5 lines, with love and nature as the
topic.
• Technology in the field of medicine has improved tremendously since
the beginning of the 21st century.
• Thales of Mellitus is the first man to replace myth with natural laws and
causes observing that all living things are elements of nature.
• The (morality, moral) lesson of the story is that honesty is the best policy.
• The appropriate response to the question “Did you understand the
direction?” is “Thanks, I certainly did.”
• The audience exhibited enthusiasm for the play; they seem interested.
• The Bible goes for parallelism. It says “Blessed are the poor in spirit, for
theirs is the kingdom of heaven” which means poor spirit can be an
open gate to heaven.
• The brain can store ADMONITORY information. ADMONITORY means
warning to avoid danger
• The capitalized word means irrelevant in the statement: Your statements
are IMPERTINENT to the case.
• The capitalized word means loveliness in the statement: She is a vision
of feminine PULCHRITUDE.
• The capitalized word means obscenity in the statement: Because of
PROFANITY, the program was suspended from television.
11

• The capitalized word means prophetic in the statement: The writer’s
AP0CALYPTIC account suggests the end of the world.
• The capitalized word means verbose in the statement: We listened to a
LOQUACIOUS speaker.
• The Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe resembles the theme of the
poem “A Poison Tree.”
• The characters Kriemhild and Siegfried are found in the medieval German
epic Nibelungenlied.
• The collection of stories of animals which teach moral lessons is Aesop’s
Fables.
• The courage of the child who saved his brother from a raging fire is
worth emulating.
• The doctor recommended eating healthier meals and doing exercise.
• The empty board (was left, was leaving) on the table.
• The expression of “baduy” connotes awkward looking.
• The Filipinos are deeply religious; however, sometimes this religiosity
instills the NEGATIVE attitude of resignation and ends up into doing
nothing to improve one’s condition.
• The five skills essential for real reading to take place according to Jean
Chall are phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and
comprehension.
• The folk song “Atin Cu Pung Singsing” originated in Pampanga.
• The idea that a thing is like a white elephant means that it is beautiful
but useless.
• The line from the Koran, “Woe to every backbiter,” talks of Misery for
those who talks ill of others.
• The line, “Under the bludgeoning chance, My head is bloody but
unbowed depict the person’s determination.
12

• The main thought of William Shakespeare’s Merchant of Venice is that
mercy is spontaneous and freely given.
• The man in the mirror looks strange. If the subject is stationary and if
there is no object, the verb of sense functions as a linking verb and
requires an adjective.
• The members of the congregation are all together inside the conference
room already.
• The morning air smells sweet in the garden
• The most appropriate follow-up sentence to the statement I have been
searching for love is: And I can’t imagine doing anything else. The given
sentence is in the present perfect progressive tense.
• The ode “Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early
Childhood is authored by William Wordsworth.
• The overriding issue tackled in the epic Song of Roland is loyalty to God
and king.
• The Philippines is considered ESL nation because English is used as an
important medium in Mass Media, Law, Business, and in Education.
• The phrase for democracy will die is associated with President Ramon
Magsaysay.
• The proposed project (is, are) within the budget of the school.
• The Psalms of King David is the greatest lyric poem in the literature of
the world.
• The Senator approached the podium with his spiel. His hands were
shaking and he was sweating tremendously. He experienced stage fright.
• The significance of evaluation of the audience in speech is as assessment
of speech made.
• The spectators never fail to admire the great Greek tragedy writer
Sophocles whenever he narrates his drama.
• The statement “O wild west wind!” is an example of apostrophe.
13

• The student’s request to re-set the test (is, are) reasonable.
• The tribulations that I faced were (so much, too much) for me to
overcome. The word too must match the word for.
• The words “inappropriate, illegal, irresponsible, unaware” have
prefixes which are classified as negative
• There are times when we are forced to do things against our own
volitions thus violating our free will.
• There was an ESOTERIC lecture on holography. Esoteric means
understandable only by a selected group.
• These towels are too wet for us to dry the dishes.
• Think is an example of a word with voiceless /th/ sound. The vibrations
in the vocal chords determine if a particular sound is voiced or voiceless.
• Thomas Carlyle said, “The man without a purpose is like a ship without
a rudder” could be interpreted as there should be a strong driving
force in one’s life.
• Though nothing can bring back The hour of splendor in the glass, Of
glory in the flower, We will grieve not, Rather find strength in what
remains behind. This stanza expresses hope.
• To emphasize possession, the stress must be placed on the possessive
adjective “my” in the sentence: That is my boyfriend.
• TRANSCENDENTAL meditation is practiced in Yoga.
TRANSCENDENTAL
means supernatural.
• Upanishad is a collection of Indian sacred text.
• What is true to you is not true to me is the meaning of “Is the world
only an illusion, as the Chinese philosophers say, “You cannot visit the
same (flowing) river.
• William Blake is the writer of the poem “A Poison Tree”. The apple
represents a trap that the persona was able to make for his enemy.
• William Ernest Henley is the author of the poem Invictus.
14

• William Shakespeare is considered as the greatest English writer and
also known as the Bard of Avon.
• Wise people can cope with frustrations.
• Workers in the service sector should be trained to act as courteously as
possible.
• You should be ashamed of yourself for having such CARNAL desires.
CARNAL means worldly.
• Your boss isn’t working anymore, is he? If the base sentence is negative,
the tag must be positive.
15
GENERAL EDUCATION SOCIAL SCIENCE

• “Remembrance to my Hometown” was written by Rizal in memory of
Calamba which demonstrated his innate love of nature that ultimately
developed into a greater love of nation.
• “To the Filipino Youth” was a prize-winning poem by Rizal which proved
that an Indio was not only equal but also more superior than the Spaniards
in poetry writing.
• A Cartel is a combination of independent business organizations form
to regulate production, pricing, and marketing of goods by the members.
• A La Juventud Filipina was the title of Rizal’s work considered to be his
crowning glory as a young poet.
• A prisoner was made to confess his guilt. A lawyer of the respondent
was present during the confession. The violation was the confession
was made without a due consultant.
• A recently (1976) awarded national artist for sculpture was Napoleon V.
Abueva.
• Alibata is considered as the earliest form of writing in the Philippines.
• Among the Social Sciences, political Science is concerned with political
processes, power struggle and governments.
• An international convention where the Philippines can validate its claim
to the Spratlys and other territories in the West Philippine Sea is known
as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).
• Analects which are short and witty sayings that treat of moral values and
good human relation, are attributed to Confucius.
• Antonia Luna was the founder and editor of the newspaper “La
Independencia”.
• Art is the product of man’s need to express himself with a high degree
of sensitivity towards his environment. Carlos V. Francisco is the painter
of fisherfolks and farmers of his hometown in Rizal.
• As far as human right is concerned, “presumption of innocence” means
the suspect remains innocent until proven guilty.
16

• Augustinians are religious missionaries who first arrived in the
Philippines.
• Bicameralism best describes the division of the legislature into the
Senate and the House of Representatives.
• Bicameralism serves as the training ground for the national leaders.
• Blue collar mania can result owing to bias among parents and the youth
towards manual or technical occupations, eg. Masons, mechanics,
plumbers, etc.
• Check and Balance is a constitutional safeguard prevents one branch of
government from becoming powerful or abusive.
• China is the largest country in Asia.
• Clean Air Act requires industries to install anti-pollution devices and
bans the use of incinerators.
• Colonialism is an economic policy in the 16th century in Europe that
influenced Spain’s expansionist policy to discover new lands.
• Community tax is the tax required to be paid annually by all adult citizens
of the Philippines.
• Constitution is the fundamental law of the Philippines.
• Corregimientos are military provinces that were unpacified during the
Spanish period, that was usually led by a Corregidor, helped by a
lieutenant.
• Creoles (Mixed Hispanic Filipino blood) first used the name “Filipinos”
considering that native Filipinos in the Philippines were simply called
“indios.
• Crimea is a major land mass on the northern coast of the Black Sea that
is almost completely surrounded by water.
• Culture refers to everything which is socially learned and shared by
members of the society.
17

• Culture shock is the term for the unpleasant sensation or frustration
when a traditional-bound Filipino goes to the U.S. and observes the
open display of love and emotions.
• Debt refers to any liability to pay money arising out of a contract, express
or implied.
• Declaring an act of the President unconstitutional is a check on the
executive department by the judiciary in the principle check and balance
among branches of the government.
• Democracy refers to the involvement of all the citizens in the control of
the government. On the other hand, oligarchy delegates control of
government to a selected few.
• Democratic Republic is our present form of government and NOT a form
of government during the colonial period.
• Deposit is income saved but not used through investment.
• Deterioration of account position is the direct effect of slowing of import
growth in an economy.
• Diego de los Rios was the last Spanish Governor-General of the
Philippines.
• Dr. Jose Rizal’s La Liga organization could be likened to the national
socio-
civic organization according to present-day social groups/movements.
• During the 17th-18th century Hispanic era, governadorcillo was the
highest post a native or Chinese mestizo can attain at the municipal
level, equivalent to local bureaucrats namely the mayors today.
• During the Hispanic era, native and Chinese male mestizos 16-60 years
old are obligated to do forced labor called polo for forty days. However,
an exemption could be made by paying the falla.
• During the Spanish period, Indulto de Comercio refers to the privilege
of the provincial Governor to engage in trade.
• Father Pedro Pelaez was the Spanish mestizo priest who first led the
native secular clergy in the Secularization Movement in 1861.
18

• Felipe Agoncillo led the representation of the Filipino people during
the negotiation between the United States and Spain for the Treaty of
Paris.
• Ferdinand Marcos promised to make his country great again and ruled
for about twenty years.
• Financial assets is NOT among the many topics which the political
scientist needs to directly consider from a psychological approach to
improve statesmanship.
• Fiscal autonomy is a guarantee given by the Constitution to certain units
of government where their approved annual appropriations shall be
automatically and regularly released.
• Frailocracia was the term given by Marcelo H. De Pilar to hidden control
and domination by Spanish religious priests over the colonial
government.
• Gemeinschaft (Community) is characterized by shared experiences and
mutual responsibilities.
• General deposition to doubt since no facts can be definitely known is
philosophical skepticism.
• Gesellschaft (Society) features the exchange of goods, money, and
services.
• Governor General Despujol was popular with natives but aroused the
wrath of religious orders who are said to have paid 100,000 dollars for
his dismissal.
• Governor General Narciso Claveria was responsible for the use of
Spanish
surname by Filipinos.
• Graciano Lopez-Jaena was the first editor of La Solidaridad and an orator
of the Reform Movement.
• Gregoria de Jesus saw her husband Andres Bonifacio charge for treason
by fellow Filipinos who have formed the Philippine Revolutionary force
to fight Spain.
19

• Hongkong is not an ASEAN country.
• If you keep seeing your ways of doing things as the right way and
everybody else’s as the wrong way, you tend to have the attitude called
ethnocentrism.
• In economics, inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods
and services in an economy over a period of time.
• In order to avoid unnecessary stress in the ARMM election, postponing
the election to a later date were undertaken lately by the government.
• In point of population, China is the largest state with a population placed
at about 1.2 billion people.
• In the Philippine government, the earliest and smallest service of
governance is the barangay.
• Income tax is a tax imposed on all employed and practicing professionals.
• Indirect or representative is our present form of government that
characterizes our Republic which elects national and local officials in
government.
• Industrialized countries’ toxic disposed to poorer countries
demonstrates interconnectedness between social and environmental
injustice.
• Inheritance tax is a kind of tax on the right of the deceased person to
transmit his estate to his lawful heirs of beneficiaries.
• Initiative is the power of the people to propose amendments to the
Constitution.
• Jones Law enacted by the U.S. Congress in 1916 established a bicameral
legislature in the Philippines with the senator (upper house) and House
of Representative (lower house) to be composed of elected Filipinos.
• Jose Basco was the Spanish governor-general who established the
“tobacco monopoly in 1781.
20

• Jose Dela Cruz was the literary figure known as “Huseng Sisiw” while
Jose Corazon de Jesus is known as Huseng Batute.
• Jose Rizal was born in Calamba, Laguna on June 19, 1861.
• Just compensation refers to the full and fair equivalent of the property
take from its owner by the expropriator, and the gauge for computation
is not the taker’s gain but the owner’s loss.
• Kanya-kanya is divisive in interpersonal relationship in Philippine social
culture.
• Leaders are the product of their times is the social scientist’s explanation
of the relationship of a leader to history.
• Leadership by people of talent is the possible consequence of
meritocracy in a social system.
• Legislative department has the authority to make laws and to alter or
repeal them.
• Liberalization of media was the mechanism the government from 1971-
2003 use through mass media to stay for a decade-and-a-half in political
power.
• Lina adjusted the way she dresses upon advice by her
mother exemplifies
that culture is transmitted orally.
• Literary ideology and phraseology be characterized as crude during the
days of our pre-Hispanic folks.
• Lucio San Pedro the famous composer from Angono who is also a national
artist.
• Macario Sakay was the revolutionary leader who refused to surrender
to the Americans even after General Malvar’s surrender, and declared
himself President and Commander-in-Chief of the Supreme Government
of the Tagalog Archipelago.
• Marcelo H. del Pilar was the second editor of “La Solidaridad” with the
penname Dolores Manapat.
21

• Mercantilism is an economic policy in 16th century in Europe that
influenced Spain’s expansionist policy to discover new lands.
• Military, Civil, Commonwealth is the sequence of government that
happened during the American regime.
• Modern capitalism is the characteristic of entrepreneurship
• Monopoly is when one controls the supply/production of goods.
• National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) is an agency
tasked
to nurture Philippine Arts.
• Negritos were the aboriginal settlers in the islands, prior to succeeding
migrants who crossed the seas from the Southern Philippines.
• Of the accepted aims in studying Political Science, to win elections and
hold public office is NOT regarded as immediately relevant.
• Of the seven continents comprising continues land mass surrounded by
big bodies of water, the biggest (30.1 percent of the earth) is Asia.
• One instance of taking away the life of another person without due
process is salvaging.
• One of the advantages of the presidential system of government is the
principle of the separation of powers and checks and balances is
observed.
• One of the pledges of the President of the Philippines is to defend its
constitution.
• Originally written in Tagalog, the poem “Kundiman” is one of the only
two poems that Rizal wrote in his vernacular.
• Participation in governance, including the right to vote and seek public
office, is secured within the citizenry’s political rights.
22

• Patents patriae is prerogative inherent in the state where it is called
upon to protect those with less than full capacity to take adequate care
of their own interest.
• Personal income tax should be paid and filed every year by employees
and corporation. However, retired government employees receiving
only pensions are exempted from filing income tax returns.
• Philippine economy indices are closely related to the rise and fall of the
US Dollars.
• Philippine Independent Church is a religious institution serving as the
only living remnant of the Philippine Revolution of 1896 today.
• Political will is the determination of the government to relate to what is
perceived as beneficial to public interests and acts to implement its
decision on such order to achieve a better future for its citizens.
• Polo was the name of forced labor imposed during the Spanish regime.
• Preamble of the Jones Law contained the concrete promise of the
Americans to Filipinos independence “as soon as stable government
can be established”.
• Ramon Magsaysay was the Philippine president who was known as “the
Man of the Masses”.
• Reduccion is a Spanish policy which provided the resettlement of Filipino
communities to form town centers of cabeceras.
• Religious sector cannot participate under the party-list system of
representation.
• Republic Act 9994 is also known as the Expanded Senior Citizens’ act.
• Right against double jeopardy means that when a person is charged
with an offense and the case is terminated either by acquittal or
conviction or in any other manner without the express consent of the
accused, the latter cannot again be charged with the same identical
offense.
23

• Rio Grande de Cagayan is the longest river in the country that originates
from the mountains of Quirino and Nueva Vizcaya and drains the whole
Cagayan Valley existing through the town of Aparri and Cagayan.
• Rizal was eight years old when he wrote the poem Our Mother Tongue.
• Rizal’s loneliness is profoundly expressed in the poem “They Ask Me
for Verses.”
• San Francisco de Malabon Band played the Marcha Nacional Filipino of
the national anthem on June 12, 1898, during the declaration of
Philippine Independence.
• Sandiganbayan has jurisdiction over civil and criminal cases involving
graft and corrupt practices and such offenses committed by public
officers and employees in relation to their offices as may be determined
by the law.
• Sigmund Freud is considered as the father of modern psychology
• Since Philippines is a republic, democratic country, it elects its president
directly. Election Precinct is the smallest electoral unit of the government.
• Since the Philippines is a republic, democratic country, it elects its
president directly. Election precinct is the smallest electoral unit of the
government.
• Social justice is a state policy that provides for preferential attention to
the welfare of the less fortunate members of the Philippine Society.
• Squatters return to the squatters area is the reason that the housing
program for all these years did not succeed.
• St. Augustine’s philosophy gives prominence to faith in understanding
the existence of God.
• St. Thomas Aquinas’ philosophy advocated the use of reason in
understanding the existence of God.
• Suffrage is the right and duty Filipinos exercise when they participate in
ratifying a proposed constitution.
24

• Sulu Sultanate was the first Sultanate in the Philippines which was
founded by Abu Bakar in 1450.
• Supreme Court is the only constitutional court in the Philippines.
• Taoism is another Chinese Philosophy about the same period as
Confucianism, but more spiritual rather than ethical interest as it stressed
that nature contains a divine impulse that directs all life. Lao-Tzu is the
philosopher behind Taoism.
• Taxation is the power of the state that enables it to impose charge of
burden upon persons, property, or property of rights for the use and
support of the government in its discharge of appropriate functions.
• Territory is that definite or portion of the earth’s surface which is the
subject of sovereignty rights and interests.
• The statement both husband and wife are co-equal is guaranteed by
the Civil Code of the Philippines.
• The “La Liga Filipina” was a concrete evidence of Rizal’s desire to unite
the entire archipelago and fight injustice in the country.
• The 1987 Constitution was framed by Constitutional Commission.
• The Act/Law that led to the granting of the ten-year transition period is
The Tydings-McDuffie Act.
• The ancient civilization of China existed in Yellow River.
• The assumption “ceteris paribus” mean we assume a perfectly
competitive market.
• The author of “Flora de Filipinas” circa 1837, the botanical illustrations
of plant specimens that grew into the Philippines herbarium is Fr.
Manuel Blanco.
• The change of venue or place of trial can be ordered to avoid a miscarriage
of justice.
• The Commander of the American and Filipino forces in Bataan was
General Edward P. King.
25

• The Commission on Appointment has 25 members composed of the
Senate President as ex officio Chairman, 12 Senators and 12 Members of
the House of Representatives.
• The Commonwealth was our government under the 1935 Constitution.
• The complex set of relationships within the agricultural sector and
between tenure structure, production structure, and the structure of
supporting services is called agrarian structure.
• The culture of the Ilocanos can easily be felt through their ant’s dance
known as Kinnotan.
• The earliest mode of economic life in human history according to Karl
Marx is called primitive communism.
• The economic policy that good action is one that helps the greatest
number of people is called utilitarianism.
• The evidence of the success the cooperatives can eventually put up
banks on their own is that many banks in Metro Manila and Central
Luzon started out as cooperatives.
• The first American Civil Governor was William Howard Taft, who served
as President Commission until he became civil governor in September
1901.
• The fulfillment of the collective needs to the human species, including
global society is to pursue public interests.
• The function by which schools help children to participate effectively in
larger society is called socialization.
• The fundamental right invoked by filing the “writ of amparo” is the right
to life, liberty, and security.
• The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was a multilateral
agreement regulating international trade.
26

• The government wants a piece of private land for a government project.
The owner resisted the government’s demand. The government may
own the land through right of eminent domain.
• The highest mountain in the continent of Africa is Mt. Kilimanjaro.
• The International Race Research Institute (IRRI) was conceptualized
and
implement during the term of President Ferdinand Marcos.
• The Katipunan in Cavite was divided into two factions – the Magdiwang
and the Magdalo while the Magdiwang in Cavite was led by Mariano
Alvarez, Baldomero Aguinaldo led the Magdalo faction.
• The longest revolt in Philippine History is called the Dagohoy revolt,
which lasted for 85 years, from 1744-1829.
• The MAJOR RIVERS IN CHINA are the Hwang-Ho and Yangtze.
• The maxim “There is no such thing as free lunch” means every action
and the decision has a price that we need to pay.
• The most devastating typhoon in 2009 with a damage of 1.09 billion
dollars and 747 fatalities was known as Ondoy.
• The mountain that separates the continents of Asia and Europe is the
Ural Mountain range.
• The Nazi Holocaust or the extermination of the Jews during the World
War II is an example of ethnocentrism.
• The only officials removable by impeachment are the President, Vice-
president, members of the Supreme Court, members of the
Constitutional Commissions, and the Ombudsman.
• The order of Philippine preseidents: Aguinaldo-Quezon-Laurel-Osmeña-
Roxas-Quirino-Magsaysay-Garcia-Macapagal-Marcos-Cory Aquino-
Ramos-Estrada-Arroyo-Noynoy Aquino-Duterte.
• The ordering of human needs from highest to lowest is known as the
hierarchy of needs by Abraham Maslow.
27

• The party-list system shall constitute 20% of the total number of the
House of Representatives.
• The Philippine president who was known as “the man of the masses”
was Ramon Magsaysay.
• The Philippines was ruled by Spain though the Viceroy of Mexico until
1814.
• The Philippines, which is made up of thousands of islands is called
archipelago.
• The policy of the estate to pursue a Comprehensive Agrarian Reform
Program is clearly stated in its policy to establish owner-cultivatorship
of economic size farms.
• The preamble of the Jones Law contained the concrete promise of the
Americans to Filipinos independence “as soon as a stable government
can be established”.
• The president cannot validly declare martial law in the instance of
eminent danger.
• The president famous for the Filipino First Policy and Austerity Program
is Carlos Garcia.
• The principle of equity in taxation provides that taxpayers should be
taxed according to their professions and status in life.
• The process by which a person learns the requirements of the culture by
which he or she is surrounded, and acquires values and behaviors that
are appropriate or necessary in that culture is called enculturation.
• The province in the Philippines which was called “Ma-i” by the Chinese
in the 14th century is Mindoro.
• The provinces that were pacified and were already recognizing Spanish
rule were called Alcaldias.
• The regular election of the members of congress shall be held on the
second Monday of May.
28

• The religious schism which occurred in our country during the 1896
Revolution resulted in the formation of a religious sect popularly known
today as Philippine Independent Church.
• The report from congress registered rejection on the proposed bill
meaning the majority failed to get the group support.
• The Republic Act that requires the compulsory teaching of Rizal course
and the lives of other Filipino patriots is Republic Act 1425.
• The resettlement of the Filipino communities to town centers called
cabeceras was provided by the Spanish policy called reduccion.
• The right invoked in the “writ of habeas data” is the right to information
privacy.
• The sense of dependency among citizens is a condition that contradicts
the social justice mandate in the 1987 Constitution.
• The stage actress who brought fame to her country through her
international awards for her stage performance was Lea Salonga.
• The state of entire subjection of one person to the will of another is
called slavery.
• The study of human behavior is psychology.
• The use of Spanish surnames by Filipinos was ordered by Governor
General Narciso Claveria.
• The yellow race is also known as Mongoloids who probably originated
in what is now the North of Tibet.
• Through the Galleon Trade (1565-1815), the Philippines had extended
contacts with Mexico.
• To assure healthy banking industry, the Bangko Central has encouraged
bank merging.
• Underwood-Simmons Act established a full free trade in the Philippines.
29

• Union Obrera Democratica was the first labor union in the country
founded by Isabelo delos Reyes on July 1901.
• Ural mountain range forms a rugged spine in west-central Russia and
the major part of the traditional physiographic boundary between
Europe and Asia.
• Veto Power was the power to set aside certain by the Kingdom of Spain
to the Governor-General of the Philippines.
• Violation of human rights is a violation of the dignity of persons.
• Visayas is the location of the island known as the “Isla de Pintados” by
the Spaniards.
• Voting is a privilege in a democratic country. Those who are deprived of
their votes are normally disenfranchised.
• When one controls the supply/production of goods, this implies
monopoly.
• When parents decide to send their children to a private school and pay
their tuition fee instead of sending them to the public school, they don’t
get their share in the benefit derived from the taxes they pay. This is a
case of double jeopardy.
• With the Batasang Pambansa performing legislative and executive
powers in the Marcos regime, the form of government implemented
was parliamentary.
• Written in 1895, “Hymn to Talisay” were used against Rizal during his
trial in December 1896.
• San Francisco de Malabon Band played the Marcha Nacional Filipino of
the national anthem on June 12, 1898 during the declaration of Philippine
Independence.
• Ningas cogon represents a detrimental aspect of Philippine culture and
society.
30

• Every right has a built-in duty. I have the right to drive my car but I must
see to it that I obey traffic rules illustrates this correctly.
• Police Power is the power of the State to regulate individual’s rights
and behavior for the general welfare.
• As per the agreement in the Pact of Biac-na-Bato, Emilio Aguinaldo and
other leaders of the revolutionary government were to go into exile in
Hong Kong.
• Sergio Osmeña Sr. was the first elected Speaker of the House of the
Philippine Assembly.
31
GENERAL EDUCATION GENERAL SCIENCE
• Science provides knowledge through disciplined observation. Hearsay
is NOT a characteristic of scientific assertion.
• The plant cell will shrink when placed in a hypertonic solution.
• Yeast is an organism that feeds on necrotic and decaying matter?
• Linnaeus father of modern taxonomy and responsible for coining the
term Homo sapiens.
• The hierarchy of biology taxonomy has 8 levels.
• Kingdom Plantae includes Magnolidae.
• Organisms that decompose substances into products that can be useful
are called saprophytes.
• Grasshopper is a heterotroph.
• Walrus would most likely be in an arctic environment.
• Predation is a relationship exemplified by a hunter shooting a duck in
the forest and having it for dinner.
• A mango tree is planted beside a sampaguita plant in a garden. They
demonstrate competition.
• The following are homologous organs except fish tail.
• Leeches is a segmented worm that can be used to facilitate
anticoagulation.
• Monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides are types of
carbohydrates.
• If carbohydrates are hydrophilic-organic compounds, lipids are
hydrophobic organic compounds
• Photosynthesis produces oxygen as waste product.
• Photosynthesis is the process used by plants to convert the energy from
sunlight into chemical energy.
32
• Plants convert the energy from sunlight into chemical energy.
• Carbon dioxide is produced by plants in the evening.
• Cytokinins and auxins are the hormones responsible for plant growth,
promoting auxiliary bud growth and apical dominance.
• Ecological niche describe how species copes with everyday life.
• Eutrophication which causes the depletion of dissolved oxygen in water
results into diminished sea harvest.
• A forest suffered from wildfires and destroys the existing vegetation.
However, the soil remained viable. Five years later, trees and bushes
are seen flourishing in the forest once again. This phenomenon is called
secondary ecological succession.
• Releasing of fluorocarbons from aerosol cans reduces the level of ozone
in the atmosphere.
• Because it will adversely affect the populations’ food supplies, the most
disadvantageous source of energy is plants.
• Grafting is an example of asexual reproduction.
• Budding is a type of asexual reproduction occurs when a new organism
develops from an outgrowth as exemplified by corals.
• The world’s largest ecosystem of deserts is Antarctica.
• Turgor pressure is the pressure exerting on the plasma membrane
against the cell wall of bacteria, fungi, and plant cells.
• Cellular respiration is the cellular metabolic process that transmits
biochemical energy into ATP.
• Recessive genes will only have phenotypic expression if present as a
homozygous genotype
• Mutation occurs when DNA is damaged, not repaired and replicated,
the result is genetic disorder.
• Insulin is secreted by the pancreas.
33
• In vitro fertilization is the union of an ovum and a sperm inside the test
tube.
• The nasal cavities are part of resonators.
• Calcium is an element that has Ca as its symbol.
• After two pregnancies some of these mothers loose of teeth or so due
to lack of iron & other minerals in diet during pregnancies.
• Pascal is a measure of pressure, defined as one newton per square
meter.
• Perfumes contain organic compounds called esters.
• Milk is classified as colloid.
• Light travels fastest in air.
• 1/8 sheet of pad paper has the smallest mass when measured in an
equal arm balance.
• Manganese (III) fluoride is the CORRECT name for the compound MnF3.
• Copper is the metal most widely used in electrical wiring because it is a
better conductor than aluminum and cheaper than silver.
• When you carry a heavy load with one arm, you tend to hold your free
hand away from your body in order to change the center of gravity of
your body and load.
• Work is done when blowing a balloon because it moves outward as the
blowing force is exerted on.
• Apparently, the loss of weight of objects immersed in a fluid is due to
buoyant force.
• Sublimation occurs when dry ice, CO2 (s) is changed into CO2 (g).
• The molecules that contain an organism’s genetic make-up is called
nucleic acid.
34
• Cilia are the small hair-like structures that serve a sensory function in
eukaryotic cells.
• Microfilaments are the thin structure essential for cytokinesis, amoeboid
movement and changes in cell shape.
• A human arm, a bat’s wing and a seal’s flipper are examples of
homologous organisms.
• Probiotics such as Bifidobacterium is an example of a non-pathogenic
microorganism.
• Yeast is an example of a fungus.
• Microsporidia organism is classified under Kingdom Fungi.
• They combined chitins and glucans in their cell wall is the unique feature
of fungi.
• Cleaning up an oil spill by digesting hydrocarbons is an example of a
useful function for bacteria.
• Entamoeba histolytica is a protist that can cause dysentery.
• Dengue is an infectious disease transmitted by an organism classified
under which phylum Arthropoda.
• Microbial culture is a diagnostic test allows microorganism to multiply
in a medium under controlled laboratory condition in order to determine
the cause of an infectious disease?
• Conversion of light energy to chemical energy involves chloroplast.
• To decrease transpiration is the MOST likely reason for a desert plant to
have a few or no leaves.
• Bats are able to navigate in the dark without bumping into anything
because they emit sound waves whose returning vibrations can detect
the presence of objects:
• The source of water pollution is when water from a river is mixed with
the contents of a septic tank, is called hypertrophication.
35
• Hibernation is the term for slowing-down response by the frog’s
circulatory system during the cold season.
• Frog’s powerful hind legs to jump away from predators is an example of
physiological adaptation that allows survival among plants or animals
• Food web demonstrates the feeding connections between all life forms.
• Air like food and water is an essential element in human existence.
Carried by the wind, polluted air called acid rain falls to earth poisoning
fish and destroying vegetation.
• The Kyoto protocol, which requires countries to reduce greenhouse
emission, is a practice that advocates environmental protection.
• Destruction of habitat is the most significant cost of dwindling
biodiversity.
• Natural selection best explains the evolution of life forms or gradual
transformation of species.
• Exposure to radiation can lead to the formation of a new genetic trait.
• Lungs is the main organ for respiration.
• Niacin is a vitamin.
• Besides solids, liquids, and gas, plasma is the fourth form of matter.
• Compounds containing hydrocarbon characterizes organic compounds?
• The general equation (AB + energy A + B) shows endothermic
decomposition.
• Tellurium has Te as its symbol.
• The maximum number of electrons that can occupy a p orbital is 6.
• A toothpick can sit on the surface of water due to surface tension.
• Energy is obtained by getting nucleus of the atoms to break up or
split is
true of nuclear fission.
36
• The sum of the forces acting upon it is zero is true about textbook laid on
the table.
• The tilting of the Earth on its axis causes the seasons.
• Metalloids have properties of both metals and non-metals.
• In a flame test, the presence of boron in a solution is evident by bright
green flame.
• A metric carat is a unit of mass for measuring gemstones. It is equivalent
to 200 mg.
• When the North Pole is tilted towards the sun, it is summer and when
the sun shines all the time both day and night, this is called midnight
sun.
• Scientific method is a systematic way to solve problems with steps as
follows: 1. Identify the problem; 2. Formulate the hypothesis; 3. Test
the hypothesis, 4. Analyze/Verify the Results and 5. Formulate
Conclusions and Recommendations.
• Motion generally refers to a change in the position which can be
determined by the distance traveled, the time interval to reach the
distance, and the speed.
• In humans, the correct sequence of embryological development is
gametes®fertilization®zygote®cleavage®embryo
• The history of earth has been divided by scientist into eras. The
arrangement of these eras into the proper sequence from the oldest to
the most recent is Precambrian-Paleozoic-Mesozoic-Cenozoic.
• The main source of energy of our body is glucose, derived from
carbohydrates like bread and rice.
• The process by which the water molecules move from an area of higher
concentration to areas of lower concentration is diffusion, a type of
passive transport.
• The process where the molecules pass through a semi-permeable
membrane is osmosis.
37

• In a chemical reaction, a substance which speeds up or retards the
reaction without itself undergoing the change is called catalyst or
enzyme.
• The layers of the atmosphere are as follows: Troposphere-Stratosphere-
Mesosphere- Ionosphere-Thermosphere-Exosphere with troposphere
closest to the earth’s surface.
• The main difference between plant and animal cells is that plant cell
has a cell wall and animal cells do not.
• When walking, you push against the ground; the ground pushes back to
you is an application of the Law of Interaction.
• The force that holds together molecules of the same kind is a cohesive
force while the force that holds together molecules of different kind is
adhesive force.
• Global warming is the increase in earth’s temperature due to a buildup
of certain gases in the atmosphere.
• The correct sequence of the stages of mitosis is Prophase-Metaphase-
Anaphase-Telophase.
• Rickets, which is characterized by soft and fragile bones in the children,
results from a severe deficiency of Vitamin D.
• A chemical change in matter usually happens when new substances are
formed from the original substance.
• Mass is a measurable quantity referring to the amount of matter a body
contains while weight is a measurable quantity dependent on one’s
mass and the gravity of the location.
• The correct sequence of the level of organization from lowest to highest
for living things is Cells-tissues-organs-system.
• Boiling point is the temperature at which a substance changes from the
liquid phase to the gaseous phase while melting point is the the
temperature at which a substance changes from the solid phase to the
liquid phase.
38

• A chemical change in matter usually happens when new substances are
formed from the original substance while physical change is a change in
size, shape or state yet the substance keeps its chemical identity.
• Electrons are the composition of an atom that surrounds the nucleus
and has a negative charge. Protons are subatomic particles with positive
charge while neutrons have a neutral charge.
• Atomic number is equal to the number of protons or electrons. Atomic
weight is equal to the number of protons and number of neutrons.
• When large masses of rock in the Earth’s crust deform and break, the
sudden movement creates vibrations that travel through the Earth and
is felt as an earthquake.
• Epicenter refers to the spot directly above the focus on the surface of
the Earth while the focus is the place of origin of an earthquake.
• In heat transfer, heat flows from an object with higher temperature to
an object with lower temperature.
• Lenticels are the breathing organs of plants that are located in the stems
and trunks.
• The correct hierarchy of ecological organization is Ecosystem, Population,
Community, Biosphere
• A severed portion of a starfish grows into a full starfish through asexual
reproduction by the process called regeneration.
• Mitochondria is the site of cellular respiration thus they are considered
the “powerhouse” of eukaryotic cells.
• The feeding procedure wherein the mother bird partially digests the
food and places an amount into the young’s beak is termed regurgitation.
• The complete trip of the blood from the heart to all parts of the body
and back to the heart is referred to as systemic circulation.
• The phenomenon which allows certain traits not useful to the organisms
to remain in the population by chance is termed genetic drift.
39

• The average blood in the circulatory system of an average person is
5 liters.
• Studies show that there are parts of the body that have lost their
usefulness and which may later disappear. They are termed as vestigial
organs.
• General functions of cells include (a) the manufacture of proteins and
other materials that build the cell; (b) the manufacture of food for
energy
and (c) reproduction
• Ecosystem is the formed by the interaction of a community or organisms
with their physical environment. Activities in the ecosystem includes
nutrient cycling and energy transfer
• Food chain is the hierarchical series of organisms wherein each is
dependent on the next as a source of food. A system of interlocking and
interdependent food chains gives rise to food webs.
• A falling object has a constant acceleration of 9.8m/s2, whether it is
heavy or light meaning that the weight of the object has no effect on the
falling rate, provided that there is no air resistance affecting the object.
• When a pendulum is swinging, the total mechanical energy is conserved.
• The visible light fall, which is responsible for seeing an object, is located
between the infrared and ultraviolet radiation on the electromagnetic
spectrum.
• An object becomes positively charge when it loses electrons, meaning
the number of protons is greater than the number of electrons.
• The capsid is the protein shell that is usually a coiled structure composed
of proteins that enclose the nucleic acid of a virus.
• Artificial insemination is a technology technique is employed during
breeding in captivity in order to restore the populations of endangered
and threatened species to safe levels.
• Salvaging is an instance of taking away the life of another person without
due process.
40

• The Philippines lies in the Ring of Fire, an area where many volcanoes
are active.
• The energy source which is abundant in the Philippines but still not fully
developed is the gas.
• A species of fish lived in a lake. When a dam was constructed in the area
a group of fish was separated and populated a new pond. They then
developed differing characteristics and became a distinct species.
Geographical isolation explains this process of speciation.
• In the pacific area, a storm is called typhoon.
• Polysaccharides, triglycerides, polypeptides and nucleic acids are
classified as macromolecular.
• Lignite is the lowest rank of coal and is otherwise called brown coal.
• Iron is a ferromagnetic material.
• An atom of silicon with a mass number of 28 and an atomic number of 14
has 14 protons and electrons.
• Element X with an electron configuration of 1S2 2S2 2p2 belongs
to carbon
family.
• A plant cell will swell in a hypotonic solution and shrink in a hypertonic
solution.
• Serendipity is an accidental scientific discovery like the discovery of
penicillin by Sir Alexander fleming.
• The application of science knowledge to a practical problem is
technology.
• The earthworm squirms, when poked by a stick, displays irritability which
is one characteristics of living things.
• Studying the physical structure of the soil is NOT directly involved in the
study of biology.
41

• Homeostasis is a term used to describe the ability to maintain a constant
internal environment.
• Shedding leaves during summer is an example of behavioral adaptation.
• The cell wall of the plant is made of cellulose while that of fungi is
made of chitin.
• Petroleum is formed by the decay of microorganisms under heat and
pressure.
• Removal of collagen causes our bones to turn brittle and easily break.
• According to human structure, Iah who is 27 years old has 206 bones.
• Villi are the finger-like folds on the inner linings of the small intestine.
• Food in a semi-liquid form, partially digested and mixed with
hydrochloric acid is called chyme.
• Most reproductive species is NOT true among considerations that
humans are the master of other living organisms, as well as of the
nonliving on earth.
• In the hierarchy of biology taxonomy, if the domain is at the top, species
is at the bottom.
• An example of a useful function for bacteria is they can clean up an oil
spill by digesting hydrocarbons in petroleum.
• Plasmodium is the protist that causes malaria and carried by Anopheles
mosquitoes.
• Under the Five Kingdom System, recognized by most biologists today,
true bacteria, the bacteria-like organisms, and the blue-green algae
belong to Kingdom Monera.
• Energy first enters our living Planet Earth as radiant energy from the
sun.
• Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals are considered eukaryotic organisms
which possess a true nucleus in their cells.
42

• Under the Six-Kingdom system, multicellular forms with specialized
eukaryotic cells e.g. mosses and ferns but no ability for locomotion are
classified as plants.
• The process of photosynthesis occurs not only in plants but also in blue-
green algae or cyanobacteria.
• Sea star is capable of regeneration (regrowing of a body part) when cut
into parts.
• Among eukaryotes, the electron transport chain occurs in the
mitochondria.
• An organism has a natural environment where it lives and thrives is
called habitat.
• Frogs do not need a hard shell to protect its fertilized eggs.
• Noble gases include neon and helium and classified as group 8 in the
periodic table.
• Mitosis is the process in human sexual reproduction wherein the zygote
undergoes a series of cell division needed for the growth and maturation
of fetus.
• Fructose is an isomer of glucose.
• Hydroxyl group is the functional group that differentiates chitin from
cellulose.
• The rise in the temperature of Earth’s atmosphere due to increased
greenhouse gases is called global warming.
• Polar bear is an example of an animal under the order Carnivora.
• In the case of babies born through in vitro fertilization or IVF, IVF babies
are commonly referred to as test-tube babies.
• Hydrogen is the simplest atom that is made up of one proton and one
electron.
43

• Among the elements useful for the human body, calcium is the most
abundant mineral in the body that aids in the blood-clotting process.
• The flow of water in our planet, as it undergoes the processes of
evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, runoff, and
substance flow is called water cycle.
• Virus is an acellular infectious agent not capable of undergoing cell
division but instead requires a living cell in order to replicate.
• A protein that decreases the amount of energy needed for a chemical
reaction to occur is true of enzymes.
• Exacerbation of lung disease such as COPD is most likely consequences
of air pollution.
• Monkey-eating eagle is the Philippine species known as Pithecophaga
jefferyi that was listed as an endangered species by the 1975 Convention
on International Trade of Endangered Species.
• Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen are the four most abundant
elements found in living matter.
• An abnormality of chromosomes inheritance in which there are 3
copies
of chromosomes 21 is true of Trisomy 21 also known as Down syndrome.
• Obligated to be taken in the diet because it cannot be produced by the
body is true of essential amino acids.
• Chargaff’s rules state that in a given species, the amount of adenine is
equal to thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of
cytosine.
• Mule is produced by the mating or interbreeding of two closely related
species namely a female horse and a male donkey.
• They need much caring and cultivating is NOT one of the reasons why
Mendel selected garden peas for his experiments.
• Muscles and bones are directly involved when a boy kicks, a frog leaps,
or a bird flies.
44

• Microevolution pertains to slight quantifiable evolutionary
modifications within a population from generation to generation.
• The Philippines may be considered as a tropical rainforest.
• Bioremediation is the method which uses microorganism metabolism
to clean up toxic wastes.
• A decrease in the availability of carbon dioxide will decrease the rate of
photosynthesis.
• Scurvy as a disease caused by ascorbic acid vitamin deficiency.
• Disruption of natural habitats is the consequence of increased
urbanization.
• Parthenogenesis is a modified form of sexual reproduction seen among
bees in which unfertilized eggs may develop into a complete individual.
• Ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with nonliving
things in an environment.
• Deforestation is the removal of trees in order to provide areas where
human habitations are constructed.
• Galileo Galilee was called by Albert Einstein as the “Father of Modern
Science” for his use of scientific method in such experiments as falling
bodies, telescope that viewed the moons of Jupiter, and thermometer
based on the density of liquids.
• The segmented worm that can be used to facilitate anticoagulation is
the leech.
• The Bruntland Commission aims for sustainable development in the
present without compromising the future needs.
• The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 requires industries to install anti-
pollution devices and bans the use of incinerators.
45
GENERAL EDUCATION MATH

• (x + 5) (2x – 3) is the factor of 2x2 + 7x – 15.
• 0. 09 is equivalent to 9%.
• 0.0125 expressed as fraction in lowest term is 1/80.
• 1 gallon of 30% solution of hydrochloric acid should be added to 2
gallons
of 15% solution of the same acid to make a 20% solution.
• 1/8 in percent is 12.5%.
• 120 is the least common multiple of 12 and 60?
• 15 is 20% percent of 75.
• 2 is the value of x to make x:8=4:16 true.
• 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 are the prime factors of 120.
• 2 / 5 is the probability that both will be alive if the probability that a man
will be alive 25 years is 3/5 and that of his wife is 2/3.
• 2 square root of 5 is the distance between (3,2) and (-1,4).
• 3 and 5 are the prime divisors of 60.
• 120 is 4 / 5 of 150.
• 36 is 4 / 7 of 63.
• 3 is the number that must be subtracted from both numerator and
denominator of the fraction 11/23 to give a fraction whose value is 2/5.
• 32400 is a multiple of 8 because a number is divisible by 8 if the number
formed by the last three digits is divisible by 8.
• 4ð units is the circumference of a circle with an area of 4ð square units.
• 5:4=15:12 is a proportion.
• 50 pieces of 7 ½ in. wire can be cut from a 31 ¼ ft. roll of wire.
• 72 is ¾ of number 96.
46

• 10 is 25% of ½ of 80.
• 8 cubic ft. is the volume of a cube of edge 2 ft.
• A coefficient is a factor in a term.
• A decimal is an implied fraction with a denominator of 10, 100, 1000 . . .
• A meter stick was cut into two pieces at the 64 cm mark. The ratio of the
smaller piece to the largest piece is 9:16.
• A mixed number is defined as the sum of a whole number and a fraction.
• A negative number is one that is less than zero preceded by a minus sign
(-).
• A number is divisible by 2 if it ends in 0,2,4,6, or 8.
• A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of the digits is divisible by 3.
• A number is divisible by 4 of the number formed by the last 2 digits is
divisible by 4.
• A number is divisible by 5 if it ends in 0 or 5.
• A number is divisible by 8 if the number formed by the last 3 digits is
divisible by 8.
• A number is divisible by 9 if the sum of the digits is divisible by 9.
• A pancake was cut into 8 pieces. Three brothers ate one piece each so
5 / 8 part of the cake was left.
• A photographer can arrange 6 people in a row to pose for a photograph
in 720 ways. (6!)
• A polynomial is an algebraic expression consisting of one or more terms
that have real number coefficients.
• A positive number is that is greater than zero preceded by a plus
sign (+).
• A proportion is an equation, both sides of which are fractions.
47

• A ratio is a certain relation between 2 numbers expressed in terms of a
quotient.
• A receipt calls for 2 eggs for every cup of flour. If a head chef uses 28 cups
of flour, 56 eggs will be needed.
• A rectangular block steel has dimensions of 5 meters x 10 meters x 15
meters and weighs 1000N. The block should be placed on the 10 meters
by 15 meters side surface to exert the least pressure on the surface.
• A secret word that must be entered into the computer before a person
is allowed to get or change information is called password.
• A smaller standard deviation means the scores are near the mean.
• A Social Networking Service available through the computer is facebook.
• A Toyota car travelling at a rate of 70 km. per hour leaves the house
2 hours after a Kia car has left and overtakes it in 5 hours. Kia car was
travelling at 50 kms/hour.
• Activities connected by a computer system are described as network.
• All right angles are equal.
• An algebraic expression is any collection of variables, constants,
grouping symbols and symbols of operation.
• An equilateral triangle is a triangle with all equal sides.
• At 70 kph, Aren can reach his home within 50 minutes. He should drive
his car at a rate of 100 kph if he wants to reach home 15 minutes earlier.
• Bar graph illustrates a particular data series through rectangles.
• Ctrl + D is used to open the font command.
• Ctrl + O is the symbol used to open a document.
• Dave has Php15,000 in the bank. If he expects it to earn Php750 a year,
the rate of interest is 5%.
48
• Dupitas Company manufactures beds. In its catalog, a double bed is
priced at P5,000.00 less a discount to the trade of 20%. Factor Department
Store has to pay P4, 000. 00 for the bed.
• Each page has its own unique web address. URL stands for Uniform
Resource Locator.
• Fraction is defined as ratio or quotient of 2 numbers.
• Google is a search engine.
• If a letter is chosen at random from the English alphabet, the probability
that the letter to be chosen will be after the letter G is 19/26.
• If a month has 30 days like September, April, June and November, add
one day to the first day of the month.
• If a month has 31 days like January, March, May, July, August, October
and December, add two days to the first day of the month.
• If a pair of dice is rolled, the probability that the sum 8 will appear is
5 / 36.
• If a student has an average of 76 % on his first two tests and has an
average of 85 % on the next four tests, 82.0% is his final average on all six
tests
• If April 18, 2014 fell on Friday, April 18, 2016 will fall
on Monday because
2016 is a leap year.
• If each of the five members in a basketball team shakes hands with
every other member of the team before the game starts, there will be
10 handshakes in all.
• If Jeff buys 3 apples for Php50.00, she will pay Php400.00 for two dozens
of apples.
• If Kelvin was 25 years of age in 1983, he could have been born in 1958.
• If Neil will cut 4 ¼ yds of plastic cover from a bolt containing 35 1/8 yd,
30 7/8 yards will be left in the bolt.
49
• If September 25, 2014 fell on Thursday, September 25, 2016 will fall on
Sunday because 2016 is a leap year.
• If the average or arithmetic mean of x and -5 is 10, then 25 must be the
value of x.
• If the probability that it will rain today is 5/8, the probability that it will
NOT is 3 / 8.
• If we simplify: [(3x – 12) / (3x)] divided by (x – 4), the answer would be
1/x.
• If we simplify: 6 – [3 – (-4) + 11 + 8], the answer would be -20.
• If x is an odd integer and y is an even integer, x2+3y+1 is an even integer.
• In an English test, eight students obtained the following scores: 10, 15,
12, 18, 16, 24, 12, 14. Therefore, 14.5 is the median score.
• In multiplication of powers of the same base, add the exponents.
• In the example of 10 to the 5th power + 6x the exponent is 5.
• In writing a letter, word processing is the productivity tool used.
• Information technology is the process of storing, recovering and
disseminating recorded data through the computer
• It will take two days for A and B together, to finish a job which can be
done by A alone in 6 days and be alone in 3 days.
• It will take a typist 15 minutes to finish 10 pages if he can finish 4 pages
in 6 minutes.
• Joint probability is the probability of two events occurring
simultaneously in a single trial.
• Like the typewriter, the computer has a keyboard.
• Mean is the measure of central tendency mostly affected by extreme
scores or outliers.
50
• Median is the measure of central tendency is NOT influenced by outliers.
• Messages are easily transported anywhere in the world through the E-
mail.
• Mode is the measure of central tendency can best describe the style of
backpacks commonly used by travellers.
• Mode is the measure of central tendency that can best describe the size
of T-shirts commonly worn by teenagers.
• Monitor is NOT an input device.
• Oblique triangle: Area = s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c), where s = (a+b+c)/2
• Of input devices of the computer, mouse is the device for pointing and
selecting commands.
• One angle of a parallelogram is 35. The measures of the three other
angles are 145 °, 35°, 145°.
• Parallelogram: Area=base x altitude
• Parameter gives the numerical value of the population.
• Pentagon is a type of regular polygon whose interior angle measures
108 degrees.
• Percent is defined as an expression, which indicates the number of parts
take from a hundred.
• Php2,400 should be invested at 5% rate of interest so that it will earn
Php80 .00 in 8 months.
• Php244.11 is the exact interest of Php15,000.00, invested at 5.5% simple
interest rate for 108 days.
• Php60,875.00 is the final amount due in investing Php50,000.00 at a
simple interest rate of 14.5% for 18 months.
• There are 334 L in 353 quarts.
51
• The maximum number of books, each 1.4 cm thick that can be put
vertically in a shelf which is 64 cm long is 45.
• The circular pizza with radius of 13 cm has the largest parameter.
• Pie graph illustrates how a portion of the data relates with the whole.
• Pythagorean Theorem: (Hypotenuse)2=sum of the squares of the 2 legs.
(c2=a2+b2)
• Rectangle: Area = base x altitude
• Right triangle: Area = 1/2base x altitude
• Simplifying 3(x – 4y) – (4y – 3x) – (2x + y) would lead to 4x-17y.
• sin è / cos è is equal to tan è.
• Six persons can form a committee of 3 in 20 ways. ( C =20)
63
• Square: Area = (edge)2
• Supplementary angles have a total sum of 180 degrees.
• Term is any constant, variable or indicated product, quotient or roots of
constants and variables.
• The acronym HTML means Hyper Text Mark-up Language.
• The altitude of a triangle is 5 meters and the base is 20 meters. The area
of the triangle is 50 square meters.
• The area of a circle with a diameter of 8 inches is 16ð sq.in.
• The average of ½, ¼, and 1/3 is 13/ 36.
• The degree of the term -4x2y is 3rd.
• The diagonal of a square with an area of 16 sq. units is 4 square root of 2.
• The difference between gross profit and cost of goods sold is known as
net profit.
52
• The digit 7 will appear 20 times between 1 to 100.
• The edges of a cubical framer are made of plastic straws. The total length
of the plastic edges of a cube whose edge is 10 cm compared to a cube
whose edge is 8 cm is 24cm.
• The first day of September is Wednesday. The last day of September
would be Thursday.
• The formula for the volume of a right circular cylinder is V= ðr2h.
• The fraction halfway between 3/7 and 4/7 is ½.
• The greatest common divisor of 91, 39 and 78 is 13.
• The greatest common factor (GCF) of 22, 15, and 7 is 1.
• The Greatest Common Factor/Divisor of two numbers (a and b) is the
largest factor or divisor common to both a and b.
• The height of a flagpole which cast a shadow 45 ft. when the angle of
elevation of the sun was 45° is 45 ft.
• The information highway is called Internet.
• The island of Luzon is estimated to be 100, 000 square kilometers. In
exponential form, it can be expressed as 105.
• The large prime number less than 110 is 107.
• The least common Multiple (LCM) of 2, 3 and 4 is 12.
• The least common multiple of 18 and 24 is 72.
• The Least Common Multiple of 2 numbers (a and b) is the smallest
number that is divisible by a and divisible by b at the same time.
• The least common multiple of 5, 2, 7 is 70.
• The legs of one right triangle are 9 and 12, while those another right
triangle are 12 and 16. The perimeter of the larger triangle is 12 larger
than the perimeter of the smaller triangle.
53
• The measure of an angle is 25 more than its supplement. The measure
of the larger angle is 102. 5 degrees.
• The measure of the biggest angle is 90° if an 180° angle is divided into 3
with the ratio 1:2:3.
• The original price of a book is Php175.00 if it sells Php105.00 after a 40%
discount.
• The percentage decrease in the price of the TV set that originally cost
Php20,000 and now sold at Php18,000 is 10%.
• The perimeter of a rectangle with an area of 6x2 and with the length of
2x is 10x.
• The price of gasoline has gone high suddenly. The gas station ordered
120,000 liters before the price increase. However, only 1,500 liters were
sold. Therefore, 118,500 liters are now sold on the new price.
• The probability of the CEB basketball team winning all in a series of 3
games assuming the teams are evenly matched is 1 / 8.
• The probability that an event, E will occur that some event E has already
2
1
occurred is called conditional probability.
• The probability that the ball is NOT blue if you will draw a ball at random
from a box containing 3 red balls, 4 white balls, and 5 blue balls is 7 / 12.
• The property of real numbers which describes (5+6)-3 = -3+(5+6) is
commutative.
• The Pythagorean theorem states that the square of the hypotenuse is
equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.
• The school cafeteria raised the price of a plate of rice from P8 to P10. If
the same rate of increase was applied to a regular order of viand which
used to cost P20, an order of viand would cost P25.00.
• The smallest positive number that is a multiple of both 15 and 18 is 90.
• The sum of the 20 first counting numbers is 155 greater than the sum of
the first 10 counting numbers.
54

• If a die is rolled, the probability of getting a number divisible by 2 is ½.
• The sum of the sides of a polygon is the perimeter.
• The sum of three consecutive integers: 40, 41, 42 is 123.
• The thousandths digit of the number 1,234.5678 is 7.
• The total amount after adding interest of 8% on P10,000.00 for 3 years is
P12, 400.00.
• The total surface area of a box of dimensions 6 in. X 8 in. X 12 in. is
432 sq. in.
• The value in grams of 3.5 kilograms is 3500 grams.
• The value of 36° in radians is ð/5.
• The value of 3a2-2b2 if a=-2 and b=3 is -6.
• The value of -50 is 1.
• The value of k for which 7456k8 is divisible by 4 is 4 because the last
digits 48 is divisible by 4.
• The value of sec è / cos è – tan è / cot è is 1.
• The value of the car decreased by 5% if it had been depreciated by
Php20,000.00 and is now worth Php380,000.00.
• The volume of the rectangular solid with edges measuring
1.5 ft x 0.5 ft x 3 in. is 324 cubic inches.
• The youth is considered 55% of the voting population. Marikina has
1, 360 million voters, therefore 748,000 voters are the youth.
• There are 18 north maids and 12 south maids serving in a hotel. The ratio
of the north to the entire group is 3:5.
• There are 50 twenty thousands in one million.
55
• Three boys and two girls can be seated in a row in 120 ways. ( P =5!=120)
55
• Tiling means the graphics will be displayed more than once.
• To determine divisibility by 7, double the last digit and subtract it from
the rest of the numbers and if the result is divisible by 7, the number is
divisible by 7.
• To multiply two polynomials, use distributive law and laws of exponents.
• Trapezoid: ½(a+b)h
• Thales is considered as the first true mathematician. His deductive
reasoning principles are applied in geometry that is a product of Thales’
Theorem.
• The father of analytical geometry is Rene Descartes.
• Euclid is considered as the father of geometry. One of the earliest known
math books it his book Elements.
• Alan Turing is the father of computer science. Turing’s fame as a
mathematician can be attributed to his formulating of algorithms and
computations for a computer.
• The Sieve of Eratosthenes has been used to find prime numbers.
• Georg Cantor is the inventor of set theory. He also introduced the
cardinal and ordinal numbers.
• Hipparchus is the father of Trigonometry.
• Evariste Galois proved that there is no general algebraic method for
solving polynomial equations of degree greater than four.
• Ada Lovelace is considered as the world’s first computer programmer.
• Archimedes provided the exact numerical value of pi.
• Thales of Mellitus is the founder of abstract geometry.
56
• George Boole devised Boolean algebra which uses the operators AND,
OR and NOT.
• Pythagoras once said “Number rules the universe.”
• The Chinese first used the decimal numeration system with place value
concept.
• Apollonius Pergaeus is known as the “The Great Geometer.”
• Bombelli is often called the Inventor of Complex Numbers.
• Albert Einstein is the father of Physics.
• Aryabhata provided the definitions of trigonometric functions, complete
and accurate sine and versine tables, solutions to simultaneous quadratic
equations, accurate approximation for pi.
• The father of Statistics is Ronald Fisher.
• Diophantus is the father of Algebra.
• The father of Calculus is Gottfried Leibniz.
• Gottfried Leibniz developed a practical calculating machine using
binary
system.
• The Sumerians used the earliest documented counting and measuring
system.
• Gaspard Monge is the inventor of descriptive geometry.
• The Babylonians used clay tablets dealing with fractions, algebra and
equations.
• Leonhard Euler is regarded as the “King of Mathematics.”
• Rene Descartes is the man behind the use of superscripts to express
powers in Algebra.
• Leonardo Fibonacci introduced the Arabic numbering system.
57
GENERAL EDUCATION FILIPINO
• (Sina, Sila) Elmo at Elma ay pupunta sa Vigan.
• “Ang aking pag-ibig ay tanging sayo lamang” ay nasa di-karaniwang ayos
ng pangungusap.
• “Ang palasyo ay nag-anunsyo na walang pasok bukas” ay tayutay na
pagpapalit-tawag.
• “Apat na mga mata ang tumititig sa kanya” ay tayutay na pagpapalit-
saklaw.
• “Hindi ko kaya ang mabuhay sa mundo kung mawawala ka” ay isang
tayutay na pagmamalabis.
• “Kung anong bukambibig siyang laman ng dibdib” ay isang uri ng
salawikain.
• “Magandang gabi, bayan! (Noli de Castro)” ay isang halimbawa ng
idyolek.
• “Nakulong si Brian” ay nasa karaniwang ayos ng pangungusap.
• Ang “Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas” ay akda ni Aurelio Tolentino na
naging
sanhi ng kanyang pagkakakulong.
• Ang “Maupay na Aga” ng taga-Samar ay halimbawa ng lalawiganing antas
ng wika.
• Ang akdang “Fray Botod” ay isang akdang tumutuligsa sa kamangmangan
at pagmamalabis ng mga prayle na sinulat ni Graciano Lopez Jaena.
• Ang akdang Isang Libo at Isang Gabi ay naglalarawan sa pamahalaan at
lipunan ng Arabya at Persya.
• Ang akdang Uncle Tom’s Cabin ay nagbukas sa mga mata ng mga
Amerikano sa kaapihan ng mga lahing itim at naging simula ng paglaganap
ng demokrasya sa buong daigdig.
• Ang Alibata ang pinakaunang sistema ng pagsulat ng mga katutubong
Pilipino.
58
• Ang Alibata ay hango sa alpabetong Arabo na “alif-ba-ta” na may
17 titik: 3 patinig at 14 na katinig.
• Ang Alim ay epiko ng mga Ifugao.
• Ang Alim ay isang epiko na tungkol sa mga bathalang Ifugao ni
Punholdayan at Makanungan.
• Ang amoy-lupa ay nasa antas pampanitikan at isang idyoma na ang ibig
sabihin ay matanda na at malapit na mamatay.
• Ang anekdota ay kwento na ang pangyayari ay hango sa tunay na
karanasan, nakawiwili at kapupulutan ng aral.
• Ang anekdota ay mga pangyayari na hango sa tunay na buhay, karanasan
at kapupulutan ng aral.
• Ang antala ay ang saglit na pagtigil sa pagsasalita.
• Ang balbal ang pinakamababang antas ng wika na kadalasang ginagamit
sa usapang kalye.
• Ang balbal ay nagpapahayag ng lebel ng wika na impormal na nalikha at
nabuo sa pagsasama-sama ng mga salitang pinaikli o pinahaba.
• Ang Banaag at Sikat ay ang pinakamahalagang nobelang Pilipino na
tumalakay ng masinsinan sa paksang puhunan laban sa paggawa at
sosyalismo.
• Ang Biag ni Lam-ang ay isang akda ni Pedro Bukaneg at pinakasikat na
epiko ng mga Ilokano.
• Ang Bidasari ay epiko ng mga Muslim.
• Ang bodabil ay isang dula na sumikat nang humina ang zarzuela sa
Pilipinas.
• Ang boses (nang, ng) kabataan ang siyang dapat manaig.
• Ang Cebuano, Ilokano at Hiligaynon ay halimbawa ng dayalekto.
59
• Ang dayalekto ay isang barayti ng wika na tumutukoy sa isang wika na
sinasalita sa isang pook, rehiyon o lugar.
• Ang di niya makalimutan ay isang pangako ng anak niya bago umalis pa
Amerika.
• Ang diona ay awiting bayan na ginamit para sa panliligaw.
• Ang Doctrina Cristiana ang kauna-unahang aklat na nailimbag sa
Pilipinas.
• Ang duplo ay isinasagawa sa patulang pagtatalo at higit na
pinahahalagahan ang kahusayan sa paghabi ng mga taludtod.
• Ang epipora ay isang uri ng tayutay na kung saan inuulit ang huling bahagi
ng isang taludtod o pahayag.
• Ang gawi ng pagsasalita ay direksyon sa pangungusap na “Ipinadala niya
ang mga aklat sa mga kaklase.”
• Ang Gintong Panahon ng Panitikan ng Pilipinas ay ang panahon ng
Hapones.
• Ang grap ay sistematikong paglalarawan ng mga datos na estatistika.
• Ang haba ay makakapagpabago ng kahulugan ng salitang /kasa·ma/.
• Ang hayun ay isang panghalip pamatlig gaya ng doon, diyan at dito.
• Ang heograpiya ay naasa kayariang KPPKKPKPKP.
• Ang Hinilawod ay isang epiko tungkol sa kasaysayan ng pag-iibigan ng
mga bathala mula sa Iloilo, Antique at Aklan.
• Ang Ibalon at Aslon ay hulwaran ng mabubuting pamumuhay ng mga
taga-Bikol.
• Ang idyoma na hilong-talilong ay nangangahulugang litung-lito.
• Ang impresyonista ay dulog pampanitikan na nagbibigay ng diin ng
sariling panlasa ng bumabasa. Kilala rin ito bilang reader-response
theory.
60
• Ang Indarapatra at Sulayman ay isang kwento tungkol sa pagpapadala ng
prinsipe sa kanyang kapatid na lalaki upang patayin ang mga halimaw sa
kabilang bundok.
• Ang ingay ay kalabang mortal ng pakikinig.
• Ang Kabanata I ay bahagi ng pananaliksik kung saan matatagpuan ang
panimula, kaligiran ng pag-aaral at konseptuwal framework.
• Ang kahulugan ng “Neneng is the apple of Daddy’s eye” ay mahal ni
Daddy si Neneng.
• Ang kahulugan ng: May bank account is in the red ay malapit na maubos.
• Ang karagatan ay isang tulang patnigan at hango sa isang alamat ng isang
dalagang naghulog ng singsing sa dagat at ang sinumang binatang
makakakita nito ay siyang pakakasalan ng dalaga.
• Ang karangalan ng pagka-Unang Tunay na Makata para sa kanyang tulang
pinalalagay na may katangian ng tunay ng tula ay iginawad kay Jose
Corazon de Jesus.
• Ang kaswal ay pagbasa ng pansamatala o di palagian. Ginagawa ito kung
nais magpalipas ng oras.
• Ang kaugnayan ng pagkakapatay kina Burgos, Gomez at Zamora sa
panitikang Pilipino ay nakagising sa damdaming makabayan ng mga
Pilipino
• Ang kauna-unahang nagsalin sa Tagalog ng Mi Ultimo Adios ni Jose Rizal
ay si Andres Bonifacio.
• Ang kauna-unahang nobelang sinulat ng isang Pilipino gamit ang wikang
Ingles, ay ang “A Child Of Sorrow” na isang akda ni Zoilo Galang.
• Ang Kinting Kulirat ay HINDI naging sagisag panulat ni Marcelo H. Del
Pilar.
• Ang kolokyal ay isang halimbawa ng impormal na antas ng wika na kung
saan pinapaikli ang isang salita.
61
• Ang korido ay isang tulang maromansa na kung saan ang mga tauhan ay
may kapangyarihang supernatural at kaya naman ito ay hindi kapani-
paniwala.
• Ang Lagda ay isang epiko ng mga Bisaya na tungkol sa kalipunan ng mga
kautusan ng pamahalaan gaya ng Kodigo ni Kalantiyaw ng tribu ng
Aklan.
• Ang lathalain ay isang uri ng pamahayagan na nag-uulat ng mga tunay na
pangyayari batay sa pag-aaral, pananaliksik, o pakikipanayam at isinusulat
sa paraang kawili-wili.
• Ang Mahabharata ang pinakamahabang epiko ng buong daigdig na
naglalarawan sa kasaysayan ng pananampalataya sa India.
• Ang mahalagang ambag ni n’Severino Reyes sa dulang tagalog na ang
hangarin ay reporma sosyal at patriotismo ay ang Walang Sugat.
• Ang malaya ay uri ng sanaysay na pangkaraniwan ang paksa, waring
nakikipag-usap lamang.
• Ang malayang morpema ay tumutulong sa mga salitang nakapag-iisa at
may kahulugan. Kilala rin itong salitang-ugat.
• Ang malikhain ay uri ng pagsulat na ang pokus ay ang imahinasyon ng
manunulat upang pukawin ang damdamin.
• Ang may-akda ng “Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas” ay si Aurelio Tolentino.
• Ang may-akda sa tulang “Isang Dipang Langit” ay si Amado
V. Hernandez,
at siya ang tinagurian na “Makata ng Manggagawa.”
• Ang mga anak ni Mang Karyas ay (may, mayroon) kani-kanilang pamilya.
• Ang mga bahagi ng pananalita tulad ng laban sa, para sa at tungkol sa ay
mga halimbawa ng pang-ukol.
• Ang mga nobela ni Lualhati Bautista ay Dekada ’70, Gapo at Bulaklak ng
City Jail.
• Ang mga pamilang na isahan, waluhan, animan ay pamilang na patakaran.
62
• Ang mga sagisag panulat ni Dr, Jose Rizal ay Dimasalang, Laong-laan,
Agno at Calambeño.
• Ang mga salitang tanaw,aliw kamay, reyna ay mga halimbawa ng
diptonggo.
• Ang mga titik na HINIRAM NG ALPABETONG FILIPINO mula sa
Alpabetong
Ingles ay ang mga titik c, f, j, q, v, x, at z.
• Ang moro-moro ay isang tulang padula na nagpapakita ng hidwaan ng
mga Kristyano at ng mga di-Kristyano.
• Ang morpolohiya ay ang pag-aaral ng makabuluhang tunog ng isang wika.
• Ang naging pangalan ng wikang pambansa noong 1959 ay Pilipino.
• Ang oda, soneto at elehiya ay hindi tulang maromansa at ito ay mga
TULANG LIRIKO.
• Ang pabula ay tungkol sa kwento na ang nagsisiganap ay mga hayop.
• Ang pagbabagong morpoponemiko na matatagpuan sa salitang bakuran
ay pagpapalit ng ponema.
• Ang pagpapalitan ng mga ideya, opinion, salaysay sa pamamagitan ng
mga sagisag ay tinatawag na talastasan.
• Ang pagsasalita ay proseso ng paghahatid ng saloobin, opinion,
karunungan sa pamamagitan ng makabuluhang tunog.
• Ang pagyayabang ay isa sa mga di-mahalagang salik sa pagtatalumpati.
• Ang pahayag na “Kapalaran, huwag ka sanang mailap.” ay uri ng tayutay
na pagtawag.
• Ang pahayag na “Natutulog ba ang Diyos?” ay isang tanong retorikal.
• Ang pamukod ay uri ng pangatnig na ginagamit sa pagpili,pagbubukod at
pagtatangi.
• Ang pandiwa sa pangungusap na “Kapapasok pa lang nya sa silid” ay nasa
aspetong pangnagdaan.
63
• Ang parabula ay mula sa Biblia.
• Ang pokus ng pandiwa sa pangungusap na “Ipinanghalo ko ang sandok”
ay instrumental o gamit.
• Ang ponolohiya ay ang tawag sa pag-aaral ng mga ponema.
• Ang retorika para kay Cicero ay isang pagpapahayag na dinisenyo upang
makapanghikayat.
• Ang Romeo at Juliet ay hindi kabilang sa mga akdang pampanitikang
nagdala ng malaking impluwensya sa buong daigdig.
• Ang rutang dinaraanan ng mensahe ng tagapagsalita ay tinatawag na
tsanel.
• Ang sarbey (survey) ay isang disenyo ng pananaliksik na nagsisiyasat sa
pamamagitan ng palatanungan o pakikipanayam.
• Ang sarswelang higit na kaugnay ng pangalang Severino Reyes ay Walang
Sugat.
• Ang Satanas sa Lupa ay akda ni Celso Al Carunungan.
• Ang Senakulo ay isang dulang nagsasalaysay ng buhay at kamatayan ng
ating mahal na Poong Hesukristo at masasabing parang pasyong
itinatanghal sa entablado.
• Ang simbolong kumakatawan sa mga bagay at mga pangungusap nais
ipahayag ng tao sa kanyang kapwa ay wika.
• Ang sukat ay tumutukoy ito sa bilang ng pantig sa bawat taludtod ng tula.
• Ang tangi (kung, kong) mithiin ay mapasaya ka.
• Ang Teoryang Pooh-pooh ay ang teorya ng wika na nagsasabing ang wika
ay nailikha bunga ng masidhing damdamin ng tayo gaya ng sakit, tuwa,
sarap, kalungkutan, takot, pagkabigla at iba pa.
• Ang Tibag ay tulang padula tungkol sa paghahanap nina Reyna Elena at
Constantino sa kruds na pinagpakuan ni Hesus.
64
• Ang tinaguriang pinakasikat na epiko ng mga Ilokano, ay ang Biag ni
Lam-ang.
• Ang tinawag na madamdaming mananalaysay ni Carmen Guerrero Nakpil
ay si Teodoro A. Agoncillo.
• Ang titik na “ng” sa alpabetong Pilipino ay nagmula sa alpabetong
Abakada.
• Ang triumvirate ng kilusang propaganda ay sina Graciano Lopez Jaena,
Jose Rizal at Marcelo H. Del Pilar.
• Ang tulang patnigan ay uri ng akdang pampanitikan na patula ay tungkol
sa pangangatwiran at tagisan ng talino.
• Ang Umbay ay isang awiting bayan na tungkol sa paglilibing.
• Ang Urbana at Feliza ay aklat na sinulat ni Padre Modesto de Castro at ito
ay naglalaman ng pangaral tungkol sa kagandahang asal at wastong pag-
uugali.
• Ang uri ng pagsasaling-wika na tumutukoy sa mga akademiko, agham,
kalikasan at lipunan ay tinatawag na teknikal.
• Ang wastong kahulugan ng: The present problem is only a storm in a
teacup ay bale-wala.
• Ang wastong salin ng “You are the apple of my eye” ay “Ikaw ay
mahalaga
sa akin,”
• Ang wikang Filipino, ang wikang pambansa, ay itinalaga noon 1987 ayon
sa Saligang Batas.
• Babala ang gawa ng pagsasalitang ito: Iwasan ang imburnal, may
nagtatrabaho.
• Batay sa bilingual na edukasyon, mainam ang gamit ng Filipino sa Araling
Panglipunan dahil walang pag-aalinlangan ang pagsagot ng mga
mag-aaral sa wikang Filipino.
• Bukas ang isipan ay katangian ng mahusay na mananaliksik na marunong
tumanggap ng kritisismo para sa ikagaganda ng pananaliksik.
65

• Di-kombensyunal ang uri ng pamamatnubay kung saan ang mga reporter
ay lumilihis sa pamatnubay; lumilikha sila ng sariling paraan sa mga
gawaing pag-ulat.
• Ellipsis ang tawag sa paraan ng pagkuha ng balangkas na ginagamitan ng
sunud-sunod na tatlong tuldok para ipakita na may mga bahaging hindi
na sinipi sa talata.
• Ganapan o lokatib ang pokus ng pandiwa kapag ang paksa ng
pangungusap
ay ang lugar kung saan nangyari ang kilos na sinasaad ng pandiwa.
• Ginagamit ang IKA na may gitling kung mismong bilang ang sunod na
isusulat.
• Gitling ang bantas na ginagamit sa pagitan ng panlaping ika at tambilang.
• Huwag makisama kay Zoilo dahil buwaya siya. Ang salitang buwaya ay
tumutukoy sa kahulugang konotasyon.
• Ipinagmamalaki mo siya, BAHAG naman pala ANG kanyang BUNTOT.
Ang
ibig sabihin ng may malaking titik ay duwag.
• Isa, dalawa, tatlo; ang tatay mong kalbo ay halimbawa ng panunudyo.
• Isang awitin bayan na tungkol sa pakikipagkaibigan ang salagintok.
• Isang awiting bayan na ginamit sa pagpapatulog ng bata ay ang oyayi.
• Isang Cebuana na ipinalalagay na pinakapangunahing manunulat na
babae sa Ingles bago makadigma, ay si Estrella Alfon.
• Isang kwento hinggil sa pinagmulan ng sansinukuban ay kalipunan ng
iba’t ibang paniniwala sa mga diyos at diyosa ay mitolohiya.
• Isang mahabang tulang pasalaysay tungkol sa kabayanihan ng
pangunahing tauhan na may pambihirang katangian ay ang epiko.
• Isang manunulat na may sagi8sag panulat na Dimas-ilaw ay si Emilio
Jacinto.
66

• Isang paraan upang maipakita ang pagkokontrast ng mga ponema ay ang
paggamit ng pares-minimal.
• Isang satirikong bersyon ni Del Pilar sa akdang sinulat ni Padre jose
Rodriguez na may ganito ring pamagat ay ang Caiingat Cayo.
• Isang tanyag na manunulat na may sagisag-panulat na Agap-ito
Bagumbayan si Andres Bonifacio.
• Isang tulang maromansa na kung saan nakaharap sa mga
pakikipagsapalaran ang mga tauhan at hango sa tunay na buhay ay awit.
• Kabaliwan at paglulustay ang inyong ginagawa taun-taon. Higit na marami
ang maralitang nangangailangan ng salapi at dunong. Ang nagsasalita ay
praktikal.
• Kapag sinabing “Itaga mo sa bato ang aking pangako” siya ay nangangako
ng pagtupad sa pangako.
• Kolokyal ang tawag sa antas ng wika na ginagamit sa pang-araw-araw na
pananalita.
• Kung kilala ang Cebu sa kanyang Sinulog, kilala naman ang Kalibo sa
kanyang Ati-atihan.
• Laban ang salitang ugat ng PINAGLABANAN.
• Maingat ang angkop na pagpapakahulugan ng bilang at sukat kung
mangusap ang dalaga.
• Malay-Polenesyo ang angkang pinagmulan ng mga wika sa Pilipinas.
• Malungkot ANG MGA nagtapos na wala pang trabaho. Ang ang nasa
malaking titik ay pananda.
• Matapos alagaan at pakainin sa palad siya ay kinagat sa sariling kanang
kamay. Ito ay may kahulugan na kawalang utang na loob.
• Matatagpuan sa Kabanata II ng pananaliksik matatagpuan ang mga lugar
at babasahing mapagkukunan ng mga literatura at pag-aaral.
• May handa (raw, daw) tayo sa darating na Pasko.
67

• May sagisag panulat na Paralitiko at ang tinaguriang “Utak ng Himagsikan”
ay si Apolinario Mabini.
• Metatesis ang uri ng pagbabagong morponemiko na gumagamit ng
pagpapalit ng posisyon ng ponema sa salita.
• Minalas ang kahulugan ng idyomang ginamit sa pangungusap na “Marami
sa mga magsasaka ang INALAT dahil sa patuloy na pagbuhos ng ulan”.
• Muling basa ang paraan ng pagbasa na ginagamit kung ang akda ay
mahirap unawain.
• Nagsimula ang pagkakaroon ng modernisasyon ng wikang pambansa
noong 1987.
• Nakikipag-away ka sa speaker ay pakikinig na kombatib.
• Natalo siya upang muling manalo ay isang tayutay na pagsalungat o
epigram.
• Oo ate, (mag-aakyat, mag-akyat) na muna ako ng tubig.
• Orihinal: Mother cooked adobo for kuya Manuel. Salin: Si nanay ay
nagluto ng adobo para kay kuya Manuel. Ito ay pagsasaling literal.
• Pag-aalala ang angkop na damdaming napapaloob sa “Bakit gabi na’y
di pa siya dumarating?
• Pagbabahagi ng damdamin ang gawi ng pagsasalita: Kasiyahan ko nang
makitang kayo’y nagmamahalan.
• Pagtanggi ang gawi ng pagsasalita sa “Ayokong sumunod sa mga sinasabi
mo.”
• Pagtukoy ang gawa ng pagsasalitang “Kami ang kabataang siyang
magiging pag-asa ng bayan.”
• Pahalagahan ang pangaral nang hindi malihis ng landas.
• Penomenal ang pangungusap na tumutukoy sa pangyayaring
pangkalikasan o pangkapaligiran.
• Penomenal ang uri ng pangungusap na UMAARAW NA.
68

• Sa (ika-8, ika-walo) ng gabi gaganapin ang ang pulong sa mga kawani.
• Sa pagsasanay tungkol sa pagkilala sa kasarian ng mga pangalang ipakikita,
mabisang gamitin ang plaskard.
• Sa pamamagitan ng tulang Ala Juventud Filipino pinahalagahan ni Jose
Rizal ang mga kabataang Pilipino.
• Sa pangungusap na “ Malakas ang boses mo,” ang salitang malakas ay
isang pang-uri.
• Sa pangungusap na “Kumain si Janus”, ang pokus ng pandiwa
ay tagaganap
o aktor.
• Salitang-ugat ang pinakapayak na anyo ng salita na walang kahalong
panlapi.·
• Si Alejandro Abadilla ang may-akda ng tulang “Ako ang daigdig.”
• Si Andres Bonifacio ang “Ama ng Demokrasyang Pilipino”.
• Si Deogracias Rosario ay ang Ama ng Maikling Kwento sa Pilipinas.
• Si Genoveva Matute ay ang may-akda ng “Kwento ni Mabuti.”
• Si Hermogenes Ilagan ang may-akda ng dulang ang “Dalagang Bukid” na
siyang naging batayan ng awiting pan-zarzuela.
• Si Herninia dela Riva sa tunay na buhay ay si Amado Hernandez.
• Si Ildefonso Santos ay isang manunulat sa panahon ng Amerikano na
naging tanyag sa kanyang tulang “Ang Guryon.”
• Si Jesus Balmori ay isang manunulat sa wikang Kastila na may sagisag
panulat na Batikuling at nahirang na Makatang Laureado.
• Si Jose Corazon de Jesus ay ang “Makata ng Pag-ibig” at “Hari ng
Balagtasan” sa kanyang panahon.
• Si Jose Garcia Villa ay isa sa pinakatanyag na Pilipinong manunulat sa
Ingles at kilala sa kanyang sagisag panulat na “Doveglion.”
69
• Si Jose Palma ang sumulat ng titik ng Lupang Hinirang at nilapatan ng
musika ni Julian Felipe.
• Si Jose Rizal ang kilala bilang “dakilang manunulat” ng kilusang
propaganda.
• Si Juan Abad ang sumulat ng dulang ang Tanikalang Ginto na kung saan
inakyat ng mga alagad ng batas ang Batangas habang itinatanghal ang
dulang ito at dinakip ang may-akda.
• Si Liwayway Arceo ang may-akda ng kwentong “Uhaw ang Tigang na
Lupa.”
• Si Lope K. Santos ang nagbalangkas ng Abakada.
• Si Lope K. Santos ay isang tanyag na Pilipinong manunulat na may akida
ng Banaag at Sikat.
• Si Lualhati Bautista ay isang batikan at kilalang feministang manunulat
na kung saan ang kanyang akda ay nakapokus sa mga kababaihan.
• Si Marcelo H. Del Pilar ang Dakilang Political Analyst ng Kilusang
Propaganda.
• Si Marcelo H. Del Pilar ang may-akda ng Dasalan at Tocsohan.
• Si Mariano Ponce ang tanyag na Pilipinong manunulat na may sagisag-
panulat na “Kalipulako.”
• Si Pedro Paterno ay ang may-akda ng Ninay na kauna-unahang nobelang
panlipunan sa wikang Kastila na sinulat ng isang Pilipino.
• Si Severino Reyes (Lola Basyang) ang tinaguriang Ama ng Zarzuelang
Tagalog.”
• Si William Shakespeare ang nangungusap sa quotation na “Ang pag-ibig
ay hindi pag-ibig kapag nagbabago kung nakakakita ng pagbabago”.
• Siya ay MAY KUTSARANG PILAK nang ipinanganak. Nagpapahayag ito
na
siya ay mayaman.
70
• Sosyolek ang barayti ng wikang nabubuo ayon sa dimensyong sosyal
dahil sa ito ay nakabatay sa mga pangkat lipunan.
• Subjective generalization ang tawag sa pahayag na pasaklaw na nabubuo
sa pamamagitan ng personal na panlasa o pagpili.
• Syntax ang tawag sa pag-aaral ng mga tuntunin kung paano inaayos ang
mga salita sa loob ng pangungusap.
• Tulog na ang mga bata (nang, ng) dumating ang kanilang ama.
• Tumatalakay ang akdang Ang Sampaguitang Walang Bango sa
pagtataksil sa asawa.
• Tumutukoy ang diin sa taas-baba ng bigkas ng pantig ng isang salita upang
maging mabisa ang pakikipag-usap.
• Upang magkaroon ng diptonggo ang isang salita, hindi lang dapat
magkasunod ang isang patinig at ang malapatinig na w o y, kung hindi,
dapat din na ang dalawa ay nasa iisang pantig.
• Upang magkaroon ng klaster ang isang salita, hindi lang dapat magkasunod
ang dalawa o higit pa na katinig, kung hindi, dapat din na nasa iisang
pantig ang nasabing magkasunod na katinig.
71
APPENDIXES A
Republic Act 7836
December 16, 1994
Philippine Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994
AN ACT TO STRENGTHEN THE REGULATION AND
SUPERVISION OF THE PRACTICE
OF TEACHING IN THE PHILIPPINES AND PRESCRIBING A
LICENSURE
EXAMINATION FOR TEACHERS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
SECTION 1. Short Title. — This Act shall be known as the “Philippine
Teachers
Professionalization Act of 1994.”
Sec. 2. Statement of Policy. — The State recognizes the vital role of teachers
in nation-building and development through a responsible and literate
citizenry. Towards this end, the State shall ensure and promote quality
education by proper supervision and regulation of the licensure examination
and professionalization of the practice of the teaching profession.
Sec. 3. Objectives. — This Act has the herein objectives:
(a) The promotion, development and professionalization of teachers and
the teaching profession; and
(b) The supervision and regulation of the licensure examination.
Sec. 4. Definition of Terms. — For purposes of this Act, the following
terms
shall mean:
(a) “Teaching” — refers to the profession concerned primarily with
classroom
instruction, at the elementary and secondary levels in accordance with the
curriculum prescribed by the Department of Education, Culture and Sports,
whether on part-time or full-time basis in the private or public schools.
(b) “Teachers” — refers to all persons engaged in teaching at the
elementary
and secondary levels, whether on full-time or part-time basis, including
industrial arts or vocational teachers and all other persons performing
supervisory and/or administrative functions in all schools in the aforesaid
levels and qualified to practice teaching under this Act.
(c) “Board” — refers to the Board for Professional Teachers duly
established
and constituted under this Act.
(d) “Commission” — refers to the Professional Regulation Commission.
72
ARTICLE II BOARD FOR PROFESSIONAL TEACHERS
Sec. 5. Creation and Composition of the Board. — There is hereby created
under this Act a Board for Professional Teachers, hereinafter called the
Board,
a collegial body under the general supervision and administrative control of
the Professional Regulation Commission, hereinafter referred to as the
Commission, composed of five (5) members who shall be appointed by the
President of the Philippines from among the recommendees chosen by the
Commission. The recommendees shall be chosen from the list of nominees
selected by the accredited association of teachers, who duly possess all the
qualifications prescribed in Section 8 of this Act.
The chairman and the voice-chairman of the Board shall be appointed from
these five (5) members by the President: Provided, That the members of
the first Board appointed under this Act shall be automatically registered as
professional teachers and issued with the certificate of registration and
professional license upon payment of the fees for examination, registration,
and other fees prescribed by the Commission.
Sec. 6. Duties and Function of the Board. — The Board shall have the
following
duties and functions:
(a) Promulgate, administer and enforce rules and regulations necessary
for carrying out the provisions of this Act in accordance with the charter of
the Professional Regulation Commission;
(b) Determine and fix the frequency, dates, and places of examination,
appoint supervisors, proctors, and other personnel as needed who shall be
entitled to a daily allowance to be fixed by the Board for every examination
day actually attended, use buildings and facilities of public or private schools
for examination purposes;
(c) Issue, suspend, or revoke the certificate of registration for the practice
of the teaching profession;
(d) Prescribe and collect examination and other fees as it may deem
proper;
(e) Prescribe and/or adopt a code of ethical and professional standards
for the practice of the teaching profession. Such ethical standards, rules and
regulations to take effect sixty (60) days after its publication in the Official
Gazette or in any newspaper of general circulation;
(f) Administer oaths in connection with the administration of this Act;
(g) Supervise and regulate the registration, licensure and practice of
professional teachers in the Philippines;
(h) Adopt an official seal of the Board;
73
(i) Look into the conditions affecting the practice of the teaching
profession
and whenever necessary, adopt such measures as may be deemed proper
for the enhancement and maintenance of high professional and ethical
standards of the profession;
(j) Ensure that all educational institutions offering elementary and
secondary education comply with the essential requirements for curricula,
faculty and facilities for the elementary and secondary levels;
(k) Investigate such violations of this Act, the rules and the code of ethical
and professional standards for professional teachers as it may come to the
knowledge of the Board, and for this purpose, to issue subpoena and
subpoena duces tecum to secure the appearance of witnesses and the
production of documents in connection therewith; and
(l) Discharge such other powers, duties and functions as the Board may
deem necessary for the practice of the teaching profession and the upgrading,
enhancement, development and growth of education in the Philippines.
Sec. 7. Term of Office. — The members of the Board shall hold office for a
term of three (3) years from the date they assume office: Provided, That the
first appointees to the Board under this Act shall hold office according to
the following terms: one (1) member shall serve for one (1) year; one (1)
member for two (2) years; the chairman, vice-chairman, and one (1) member
for three (3) years. Vacancies shall be served for the unexpired term only.
No person who has served for two (2) consecutive terms shall be eligible for
reappointment. Appointment to fill an unexpired term shall be considered
an appointment to a complete term.
The chairman or any member shall take his oath of office prior to the
performance of his duties.
Sec. 8. Qualification of Board Members. — Each Board member must at
the
time of his appointment:
(a) Be a citizen and resident of the Philippines;
(b) Be at least thirty-five (35) years of age, of proven integrity, and
possessed of high moral values in his personal as well as professional
conduct
and has not been convicted of any offense involving moral turpitude;
(c) Be a holder of the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science in
Education and preferably a holder of a master’s or doctorate degree in
education, or their equivalents, from a university, school, college, academy
or institute duly constituted, recognized and/or accredited by the Philippine
government;
74
(d) Be a professional teacher with a valid certificate of registration and

valid professional license, save those members who shall compose the first
Board for Professional Teachers;
(e) Has been a professional teacher in the active practice of the teaching
profession for at least ten (10) years in the elementary and secondary level;
and
(f) Not be an official or member of the faculty of, nor have pecuniary
interest in any university, college, school, or institution conferring a
bachelor’s degree in education or its equivalents for at least three (3) years
prior to his appointment, and neither connected with a review center or
with any group or association where review classes or lectures in preparation
for the licensure examination are offered or conducted.
Provided, however, that, the membership to the Board shall be evenly
distributed to cover all levels of education, including equitable
representation of the different fields of specialization.
Sec. 9. Compensation of the Board. — The chairman, vice-chairman, and
members of the Board shall receive compensation comparable to the
compensation received by existing regulatory boards under the Professional
Regulation Commission, computed on the basis of the number of examinees/
candidates.
Sec. 10. Supervision of the Board and Custodian of its Records. — The
Board
shall be under the supervision and control of the Commission. All records,
including applications for examination, examination papers and results,
minutes of deliberation, administrative cases and investigative cases and
investigations involving professional teachers shall be kept by the
Commission.
Sec. 11. Secretariat and Support Services. — The Professional Regulation
Commission, through its chairman, shall provide the secretariat and other
support services to implement effectively the provisions of this Act.
Sec. 12. Removal of a Board Member. — The chairman or any member of
the
Board may be removed by the President of the Philippines upon
recommendation of the Commission for neglect of duty, incompetence,
unprofessional, unethical, immoral or dishonorable conduct, commission
or toleration of irregularities in the examination, after having been given
the opportunity to defend himself in a proper administrative investigation.
In the course of investigation, the President may preventively suspend the
respondent.
75
ARTICLE III EXAMINATION AND REGISTRATION
Sec. 13. Examination, Registration and License Required. — Except as
otherwise specifically allowed under the provisions of this Act, all applicants
for registration as professional teachers shall be required to undergo a
written examination which shall be given at least once a year in such places
and dates as the Board may determine upon approval by the Commission. A
valid certificate of registration and a valid professional license from the
Commission are required before any person is allowed to practice as a
professional teacher in the Philippines, except as otherwise allowed under
this Act.
Sec. 14. Scope of Examination. — The examinations for the elementary and
secondary school teachers shall be separate. The examination for teachers
in the elementary level shall consist of two (2) parts, namely: professional
education and general education. The examination for teachers in the
secondary level shall consist of three (3) parts, namely: professional
education, general education, and field of specialization.
Sec. 15. Qualification Requirements of Applicants. — No applicant shall
be
admitted to take the examination unless, on the date of filing of the
application, he shall have complied with the following requirements:
(a) A citizen of the Philippines or an alien whose country has reciprocity
with the Philippines in the practice of the teaching profession;
(b) At least eighteen (18) years of age;
(c) In good health and of good reputation with high moral values;
(d) Has not been convicted by final judgment by a court for an offense
involving moral turpitude;
(e) A graduate of a school, college or university recognized by the
government and possesses the minimum educational qualifications, as
follows:
(1) For teachers in preschool, a bachelor’s degree in early childhood

education (BECED) or its equivalent;
(2) For teachers in the elementary grades, a bachelor’s degree in
elementary education (BSEED) or its equivalent;
(3) For teachers in the secondary grades, a bachelor’s degree in education

or its equivalent with a major and minor, or a bachelor’s degree in arts and
sciences with at least ten (10) units in professional education; and
(4) For teachers of vocational and two-
year technical courses, a bachelor’s
degree in the field of specialization or its equivalent, with at least eighteen
(18) units in professional education.
76
Sec. 16. Report of the Results of the Examination. — The Board shall,
within
one hundred twenty (120) days after the examination, report the ratings
obtained by each candidate to the Professional Regulation Commission for
approval and appropriate action.
Sec. 17. Issuance of Certificate of Registration and Professional
License. —
The registration of a professional teacher commences from the date his
name is enrolled in the roster of professional teachers.
Every registrant who has satisfactorily met all the requirements specified in
this Act shall, upon payment of the registration fee, be issued a certificate
of registration as a professional teacher bearing the full name of the
registrant with serial number and date of issuance signed by the chairman
of the Commission and the chairman, vice-chairman, and members of the
Board, stamped with the official seal, as evidence that the person named
therein is entitled to practice the profession with all the rights and privileges
appurtenant thereto. The certificate shall remain in full force and effect
until withdrawn, suspended and/or revoked in accordance with law.
A professional license signed by the chairman of the Commission and
bearing the registration number and date of issuance thereof and the month
of expiry or renewability shall likewise be issued to every registrant who
has paid the annual registration fees for three (3) consecutive years. This
license shall serve as evidence that the licensee can lawfully practice his
profession until the expiration of its validity.
Sec. 18. Oath Before Practice. — Every registrant shall be required to take
his professional oath before practicing as a professional teacher.
Sec. 19. Periodic Merit Examination of Teachers. — To encourage
continuing
professional growth and development and to provide additional basis for
merit promotion, in addition to their performance rating, teachers may take
an oral and written examination at least once in five (5) years as basis for
merit promotion. In taking this examination, no fee shall be required.
Sec. 20. Failure to Pass the Merit Examination. — If a teacher fails to pass
the
merit examination, he or she shall be allowed to take the examination for a
second time. Should he or she fail to pass the merit examination for the
second time, then he or she shall be required to take a DECS accredited
refresher course or program before being allowed to retake the
examination.
Failure of any permanent teacher to pass the merit examination shall not,
however, be used as a ground for his/her dismissal or demotion.
Sec. 21. Incentives. — Teachers who pass the merit examination shall:
(a) Be awarded a diploma of merit by the Board;
77
(b) Earn merit points for purposes of promotion in salary or to a higher

position or grade level;
(c) Be placed in the priority list for government scholarship; and
(d) Enjoy such other benefits as may be promulgated by the Board.
Similar incentives shall be given to teachers who make inventions, develop
new methods of teaching, write a book or books and create works of artistic
merit.
Sec. 22. Integration of the Teaching Profession. — The teaching profession
shall be integrated into one national organization which shall be recognized
by the Board and the Commission as the one and only integrated and
accredited association of professional teachers. Upon registration with the
Board, every professional teacher shall be encouraged to become a member
of the integrated national organization. Those who have been registered
with the Board but are not members of the said integrated organization
shall be allowed to register as members of the said integrated organization
within three (3) years after the effectivity of this Act. Membership in the
integrated organization shall not be a bar to membership in other
associations of the teaching profession. The professional teachers shall
receive the benefits and privileges appurtenant to their membership in the
said integrated and accredited organization of professional teachers only
upon payment of the required membership fees and dues.
Sec. 23. Revocation of the Certificate of Registration, Suspension from
the
Practice of the Teaching Profession, and Cancellation of Temporary or
Special
Permit. — The Board shall have the power, after due notice and hearing, to
suspend or revoke the certificate of registration of any registrant, to
reprimand or to cancel the temporary/special permit of a holder thereof
who is exempt from registration, for any of the following causes:
(a) Conviction for any criminal offense by a court of competent
jurisdiction;
(b) Immoral, unprofessional or dishonorable conduct;
(c) Declaration by a court of competent jurisdiction for being mentally
unsound or insane;
(d) Malpractice, gross incompetence, gross negligence or serious ignorance
of the practice of the teaching profession;
(e) The use of or perpetration of any fraud or deceit in obtaining a
certificate
of registration, professional license or special/temporary permit;
(f) Chronic inebriety or habitual use of drugs;
78
(g) Violation of any of the provisions of this Act, the rules and regulations
and other policies of the Board and the Commission, and the code of ethical
and professional standards for professional teachers; and
(h) Unjustified or willful failure to attend seminars, workshops,
conferences and the like or the continuing education program prescribed
by the Board and the Commission.
The decision of the Board to revoke or suspend a certificate may be appealed
to the regional trial court of the place where the Board holds office within
fifteen (15) days from receipt of the said decision or of the denial of the
motion for reconsideration filed in due time.
Sec. 24. Registration by Reciprocity. — No teacher of a foreign nationality
shall be admitted to the examination, or be given a certificate of registration
or be entitled to any of the rights and privileges provided under this Act;
unless the country or state of which he is a subject permits Filipino
professional teachers to practice within its territorial limits on the same
basis as subjects or citizens of said country or state: Provided, that the
requirements of certification of teachers with said foreign state or country
are substantially the same as those required and contemplated under this
Act: Provided, further, That the laws of such state or country grant the same
privilege to Filipino professional teachers on the same basis as the subject
or citizens of such foreign country or state.
Sec. 25. Roster of Professional Teachers. — A roster of professional
teachers
containing the names and addresses of professional teachers, date of
registration or issuance of certificate, and other data which in the opinion
of the Board may appear pertinent shall be maintained. Copies of the roster
shall be provided by the Commission to the Board, the Department of
Education, Culture and Sports, and the integrated and accredited organization
of professional teachers.
Sec. 26. Registration and Exception. — Two (2) years after the effectivity
of
this Act, no person shall engage in teaching and/or act as a professional
teacher as defined in this Act, whether in the preschool, elementary or
secondary level, unless he is a duly registered professional teacher, and a
holder of a valid certificate of registration and a valid professional license
or a holder of a valid special/temporary permit.
Upon approval of the application and payment of the prescribed fees, the
certificate of registration and professional license as a professional teacher
shall be issued without examination as required in this Act to a qualified
applicant, who at the time of the approval of this Act, is:
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(a) A holder of a certificate of eligibility as a teacher issued by the Civil

Service Commission and the Department of Education, Culture and Sports;
or
(b) A registered professional teacher with the National Board for Teachers
under the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) pursuant to
Presidential Decree No. 1006; or
(c) Not qualified under paragraphs one and two but with any of the
following qualifications. to wit:
(1) An elementary or secondary teacher for five (5) years in good
standing
and a holder of Bachelor of Science in Education or its equivalent; or
(2) An elementary or secondary teacher for three (3) years in good
standing and a holder of a master’s degree in education or its equivalent.
Provided, That they shall be given two (2) years from the organization of the
Board for professional teachers within which to register and be included in
the roster of professional teachers: Provided, further, That those incumbent
teachers who are not qualified to register without examination under this
Act or who, albeit qualified, were unable to register within the two-year
period shall be issued a five-year temporary or special permit from the time
the Board is organized within which to register after passing the examination
and complying with the requirements provided this Act and be included in
the roster of professional teachers: Provided, furthermore, That those who
have failed the licensure examination for professional teachers shall be
eligible as para-teachers and as such, shall be issued by the Board a special
or temporary permit, and shall be assigned by the Department of Education,
Culture and Sports (DECS) to schools as it may determine under the
circumstances.
ARTICLE IV PROVISIONS RELATIVE TO THE PRACTICE OF
THE TEACHING
PROFESSION
Sec. 27. Inhibition Against the Practice of the Teaching Profession. —
Except
as otherwise allowed under this Act, no person shall practice or offer to
practice the teaching profession in the Philippines or be appointed as teacher
to any position calling for a teaching position without having previously
obtained a valid certificate of registration and a valid professional license
from the Commission.
Sec. 28. Penal Provisions. — The following shall be punishable by a fine of
not less than Five thousand pesos (P5,000.00) nor more than Twenty
thousand pesos (P20,000.00) or imprisonment of nor less than six (6) months
nor more than five (5) years, or both, at the discretion of the court:cralaw
(a) Any person who practices the teaching profession in the Philippines
80
without being certified in accordance with the provisions of this Act;
(b) Any person who represents or attempts to use as his own certificate of
registration that of another;
(c) Any person who gives any false, or fraudulent evidence of any kind to
the Board or any member thereof in obtaining a certificate of registration as
teacher;
(d) Any person who impersonates any registrant of the same or different
name;
(e) Any person who uses a revoked or suspended certificate of registration;
(f) Any person who, in connection with his name, otherwise assumes,
uses or advertises any title or description tending to convey or conveys the
impression that he is a teacher without holding a valid certificate; and
(g) Any person who violates or who abets the violation of any of the
provisions of this Act.
The penalty of fine or imprisonment or both, as provided in this section,
shall also apply to any school official who shall cause or be responsible for
the commission of any of the above-enumerated acts.
Sec. 29. Appropriations. — Such sums as may be necessary to carry out the
provisions of this Act shall be included in the 1996 General Appropriations
Act and thereafter.
Sec. 30. Implementing Guidelines. — The Board shall formulate and adopt
the necessary guidelines for the effective implementation of the provisions
of this Act within sixty (60) days of its approval.cralaw
The Board shall submit to both Committees on Education, Arts, and Culture;
and the Committees on Civil Service and Professional Regulation of the
Senate and House of Representatives, copies of the implementing rules
and guidelines within thirty (30) days after its promulgation.
Any violation of this section shall render the official/s concerned liable under
Republic Act No. 6713, otherwise known as the “Code of Conduct and
Ethical
Standards for Public Officials and Employees” and other pertinent
administrative and/or penal laws.
Sec. 31. Transitory Provision. — All incumbent teachers in both the public
and private sector not otherwise certified as professional teachers by virtue
of this Act, shall be given (5) years temporary certificates from the time the
Board for Professional Teachers is organized within which to qualify as
required by this Act and be included in the roster of professionals.
Provided, however, That the Professional Board Examination for Teachers
(PBET) shall still be administered by the Civil Service Commission and the
Department of Education, Culture and Sports for the year 1995.cralaw
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Sec. 32. Separability Clause. — If, for any reason, any section or provision
of
this Act or the application of such section or provision to any person or
circumstance is declared unconstitutional or invalid, no other section or
provision of this Act shall be affected thereby.
Sec. 33. Repealing Clause. — All laws, presidential decrees, executive
orders,
rules and regulations or parts thereof inconsistent with the provisions of
this Act are hereby repealed or modified accordingly.
Sec. 34. Effectivity Clause. — This Act shall take effect after fifteen (15)
days
following its complete publication in the Official Gazette or in two (2)
newspapers of general circulation.
Signed: December 16, 1994
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APPENDIXES B
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9293
AN ACT AMENDING CERTAIN SECS OF REPUBLIC ACT
NUMBERED SEVENTY-
EIGHT HUNDRED AND THIRTY-SIX (R.A. NO. 7836), OTHERWISE
KNOWN AS
THE “PHILIPPINE TEACHERS PROFESSIONALIZATION ACT OF
1994”
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines
in
Congress assembled:
SECTION 1. Section 15, (e) (3) of Republic Act No. 7836 is hereby amended
as
follows:
“SEC. 15. Qualification Requirements of Applicants. – No applicant shall be
admitted to take the examination unless, on the date of filing of the
application, he shall have complied with the following requirements:
“(e) A graduate of a school, college or university recognized by the
government and possesses the minimum educational qualifications, as
follows:
(1) For teachers in preschool, a bachelor’s degree in early childhood
education (BECED) or its equivalent;
(2) For teachers in the elementary grades, a bachelor’s degree in elementary
education (BSEED) or its equivalent;
(3) For teachers in the secondary grades, a bachelor’s degree in education or
its equivalent with a major and minor, or a bachelor degree in arts and
sciences with at least eighteen (18) units in professional education; and
(4) For teachers of vocational and two-year technical courses, a bachelor’s
degree in the field of specialization or its equivalent, with at least eighteen
(18) units in professional education.”
SEC 2. Section 26 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as follows:
“SEC. 26. Registration and Exception. – No person shall engage in teaching
and/or act as a professional teacher as defined in this Act, whether in the
preschool, elementary or secondary level, unless the person is a duly
registered professional teacher, and a holder of a valid certificate of
registration and a valid professional license or a holder of a valid special/
temporary permit.
83
Upon approval of the application and payment of the prescribed fees, the
certificate of registration and professional license as a professional teacher
shall be issued without examination as required in this Act to a qualified
applicant, who is:
(a) A holder of a certificate of eligibility as a teacher issued by the Civil
Service Commission and the Department of Education, Culture and Sports;
or
(b) A registered professional teacher with the National Board for Teachers
under the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) pursuant to
Presidential Decree No. 1006.
Professional teachers who have not practiced their profession for the past
five (5) years shall take at least twelve (12) units of education courses,
consisting of at least six (6) units of pedagogy and six (6) units of content
courses, or the equivalent training and number of hours, to be chosen from
a list of courses to be provided by the Board and the Department of
Education,
before they can be allowed to practice their profession in the country.
Those who have failed the licensure examination for professional teachers,
with a rating of not lower than five percentage points from the passing
general average rating, shall be eligible as para-teachers upon issuance by
the Board of a two-year special permit, renewable for a non-extendible
period of two (2) years. The para-teachers shall be assigned to areas where
there is a shortage or absence of a professional teacher, as identified and
provided by the Department of Education and the Autonomous Region for
Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) education department to the Board for
professional teachers and to the Commission. The special permit shall
indicate the area of assignment of the para-teacher.
A special permit may also be issued by the Board to a person who has
excelled
and gained international recognition and is a widely acknowledged expert
in his or her respective field of specialization.”
SEC 3. Section 31 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as follows:
“SEC. 31. Transitory Provision. – Special permits, with a validity of three (3)
and five (5) years, issued to para-teachers by the Board for Professional
Teachers before the effectivity of this Act shall be allowed to expire based
on the period granted therein: Provided, That only special permits with a
validity of three (3) years may be renewed upon expiration for a non-
extendible period of two (2) years.”
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SEC 4. References to the term “Department of Education, Culture and

Sports”,
in section 4 (a) and section 25, and the term “DECS” in section 20, of the
same Act, are hereby amended to read as “Department of Education” and
“Dep Ed”, respectively.
SEC 5. Separability Clause. – If, for any reason, any section or provision of
this
Act or the application of such section or provision to any person or
circumstance is declared unconstitutional or invalid, no other section or
provision of this Act shall be affected thereby.
SEC 6. Repealing Clause. – All laws, decrees, circulars, administrative
orders,
rules and regulations, and other issuances which are inconsistent with the
provisions of this Act are hereby repealed or modified accordingly.
SEC 7. Effectivity. – This Act shall take effect upon approval.
85
APPENDIXES C
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4670
June 18, 1966
THE MAGNA CARTA FOR PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS
I. DECLARATION OF POLICY COVERAGE
Sec. 1. Declaration of Policy. It is hereby declared to be the policy of this Act
to promote and improve the social and economic status of public school
teachers, their living and working conditions, their terms of employment
and career prospects in order that they may compare favorably with existing
opportunities in other walks of life, attract and retain in the teaching
profession more people with the proper qualifications, it being recognized
that advance in education depends on the qualifications and ability of the
teaching staff and that education is an essential factor in the economic
growth of the nation as a productive investment of vital importance.
Sec. 2. Title Definition. This Act shall be known as the “Magna Carta for
Public School Teachers” and shall apply to all public school teachers except
those in the professorial staff of state colleges and universities.
As used in this Act, the term “teacher” shall mean all persons engaged in
classroom teaching, in any level of instruction, on full-time basis, including
guidance counselors, school librarians, industrial arts or vocational
instructors, and all other persons performing supervisory and/or
administrative functions in all schools, colleges and universities operated
by the Government or its political subdivisions; but shall not include school
nurses, school physicians, school dentists, and other school employees.
II. RECRUITMENT AND CAREER
Sec. 3. Recruitment and Qualification. Recruitment policy with respect to
the selection and appointment of teachers shall be clearly defined by the
Department of Education: Provided, however, That effective upon the
approval of this Act, the following shall constitute the minimum educational
qualifications for teacher-applicants:
(a) For teachers in the kindergarten and elementary grades, Bachelor’s
degree in Elementary Education (B.S.E.ED.);
(b) For teachers of the secondary schools, Bachelor’s degree in Education or
its equivalent with a major and a minor; or a Bachelor’s degree in Arts or
Science with at least eighteen professional units in Education.
(c) For teachers of secondary vocational and two years technical courses,
Bachelor’s degree in the field of specialization with at least eighteen
professional units in education;
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(d) For teachers of courses on the collegiate level, other than vocational,
master’s degree with a specific area of specialization;
Provided, further, That in the absence of applicants who possess the
minimum educational qualifications as hereinabove provided, the school
superintendent may appoint, under a temporary status, applicants who do
not meet the minimum qualifications: Provided, further, That should
teacher-applicants, whether they possess the minimum educational
qualifications or not, be required to take competitive examinations,
preference in making appointments shall be in the order of their respective
ranks in said competitive examinations: And provided, finally, That the
results of the examinations shall be made public and every applicant shall
be furnished with his score and rank in said examinations.
Sec. 4. Probationary Period. When recruitment takes place after adequate
training and professional preparation in any school recognized by the
Government, no probationary period preceding regular appointment shall
be imposed if the teacher possesses the appropriate civil service eligibility:
Provided, however, That where, due to the exigencies of the service, it is
necessary to employ as teacher a person who possesses the minimum
educational qualifications herein above set forth but lacks the appropriate
civil service eligibility, such person shall be appointed on a provisional status
and shall undergo a period of probation for not less than one year from and
after the date of his provisional appointment.
Sec. 5. Tenure of Office. Stability on employment and security of tenure
shall be assured the teachers as provided under existing laws.
Subject to the provisions of Section three hereof, teachers appointed on a
provisional status for lack of necessary civil service eligibility shall be
extended permanent appointment for the position he is holding after having
rendered at least ten years of continuous, efficient and faithful service in
such position.
Sec. 6. Consent for Transfer Transportation Expenses. Except for cause and
as herein otherwise provided, no teacher shall be transferred without his
consent from one station to another.
Where the exigencies of the service require the transfer of a teacher from
one station to another, such transfer may be effected by the school
superintendent who shall previously notify the teacher concerned of the
transfer and the reason or reasons therefor. If the teacher believes there is
no justification for the transfer, he may appeal his case to the Director of
Public Schools or the Director of Vocational Education, as the case may be.
Pending his appeal and the decision thereon, his transfer shall be held in
abeyance: Provided, however, That no transfers whatever shall be made
three months before any local or national election.
Necessary transfer expenses of the teacher and his family shall be paid for
by the Government if his transfer is finally approved.
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Sec. 7. Code of Professional Conduct for Teachers. Within six months from
the approval of this Act, the Secretary of Education shall formulate and
prepare a Code of Professional Conduct for Public School Teachers. A copy
of the Code shall be furnished each teacher: Provided, however, that where
this is not possible by reason of inadequate fiscal resources of the
Department of Education, at least three copies of the same Code shall be
deposited with the office of the school principal or head teacher where
they may be accessible for use by the teachers.
Sec. 8. Safeguards in Disciplinary Procedure. Every teacher shall enjoy
equitable safeguards at each stage of any disciplinary procedure and shall
have:
a. the right to be informed, in writing, of the charges;
b. the right to full access to the evidence in the case;
c. the right to defend himself and to be defended by a representative
of his choice and/or by his organization, adequate time being given
to the teacher for the preparation of his defense; and
d. the right to appeal to clearly designated authorities.
No publicity shall be given to any disciplinary action being taken against a
teacher during the pendency of his case.
Sec. 9. Administrative Charges. Administrative charges against a teacher
shall be heard initially by a committee composed of the corresponding
School Superintendent of the Division or a duly authorized representative
who should at least have the rank of a division supervisor, where the teacher
belongs, as chairman, a representative of the local or, in its absence, any
existing provincial or national teacher’s organization and a supervisor of the
Division, the last two to be designated by the Director of Public Schools. The
committee shall submit its findings and recommendations to the Director
of Public Schools within thirty days from the termination of the hearings:
Provided, however, That where the school superintendent is the
complainant or an interested party, all the members of the committee shall
be appointed by the Secretary of Education.
Sec. 10. No Discrimination. There shall be no discrimination whatsoever in
entrance to the teaching profession, or during its exercise, or in the
termination of services, based on other than professional consideration.
Sec. 11. Married Teachers. Whenever possible, the proper authorities shall
take all steps to enable married couples, both of whom are public school
teachers, to be employed in the same locality.
Sec. 12. Academic Freedom. Teachers shall enjoy academic freedom in the
discharge of their professional duties, particularly with regard to teaching
and classroom methods.
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III. HOURS OF WORK AND REMUNERATION

Sec. 13. Teaching Hours. Any teacher engaged in actual classroom
instruction
shall not be required to render more than six hours of actual classroom
teaching a day, which shall be so scheduled as to give him time for the
preparation and correction of exercises and other work incidental to his
normal teaching duties: Provided, however, That where the exigencies of
the service so require, any teacher may be required to render more than six
hours but not exceeding eight hours of actual classroom teaching a day upon
payment of additional compensation at the same rate as his regular
remuneration plus at least twenty-five per cent of his basic pay.
Sec. 14. Additional Compensation. Notwithstanding any provision of existing
law to the contrary, co-curricular and out of school activities and any other
activities outside of what is defined as normal duties of any teacher shall be
paid an additional compensation of at least twenty-five per cent of his regular
remuneration after the teacher has completed at least six hours of actual
classroom teaching a day.
In the case of other teachers or school officials not engaged in actual
classroom instruction, any work performed in excess of eight hours a day
shall be paid an additional compensation of at least twenty-five per cent of
their regular remuneration.
The agencies utilizing the services of teachers shall pay the additional
compensation required under this section. Education authorities shall refuse
to allow the rendition of services of teachers for other government agencies
without the assurance that the teachers shall be paid the remuneration
provided for under this section.
Sec. 15. Criteria for Salaries. Teacher’s salaries shall correspond to the
following criteria:
(a) they shall compare favorably with those paid in other occupations
requiring equivalent or similar qualifications, training and abilities;
(b) they shall be such as to insure teachers a reasonable standard of life for
themselves and their families; and
(c) they shall be properly graded so as to recognize the fact that certain
positions require higher qualifications and greater responsibility than others:
Provided, however, That the general salary scale shall be such that the
relation between the lowest and highest salaries paid in the profession will
be of reasonable order. Narrowing of the salary scale shall be achieved by
raising the lower end of the salary scales relative to the upper end.
Sec. 16. Salary Scale. Salary scales of teachers shall provide for a gradual
progression from a minimum to a maximum salary by means of regular
increments, granted automatically after three years: Provided, That the
efficiency rating of the teacher concerned is at least satisfactory. The
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progression from the minimum to the maximum of the salary scale shall not
extend over a period of ten years.
Sec. 17. Equality in Salary Scales. The salary scales of teachers, whose
salaries
are appropriated by a city, municipal, municipal district, or provincial
government, shall not be less than those provided for teachers of the
National Government.
Sec. 18. Cost of Living Allowance. Teacher’s salaries shall, at the very least,
keep pace with the rise in the cost of living by the payment of a cost-of-
living allowance which shall automatically follow changes in a cost-of-living
index. The Secretary of Education shall, in consultation with the proper
government entities, recommend to Congress, at least annually, the
appropriation of the necessary funds for the cost-of-living allowances of
teachers employed by the National Government. The determination of the
cost-of-living allowances by the Secretary of Education shall, upon approval
of the President of the Philippines, be binding on the city, municipal or
provincial government, for the purposes of calculating the cost-of-living
allowances of teachers under its employ.
Sec. 19. Special Hardship Allowances. In areas in which teachers are exposed
to hardship such as difficulty in commuting to the place of work or other
hazards peculiar to the place of employment, as determined by the Secretary
of Education, they shall be compensated special hardship allowances
equivalent to at least twenty-five per cent of their monthly salary.
Sec. 20. Salaries to be Paid in Legal Tender. Salaries of teachers shall be paid
in legal tender of the Philippines or its equivalent in checks or treasury
warrants. Provided, however, That such checks or treasury warrants shall be
cashable in any national, provincial, city or municipal treasurer’s office or
any banking institutions operating under the laws of the Republic of the
Philippines.
Sec. 21. Deductions Prohibited. No person shall make any deduction
whatsoever from the salaries of teachers except under specific authority of
law authorizing such deductions: Provided, however, That upon written
authority executed by the teacher concerned, (1) lawful dues and fees owing
to the Philippine Public School Teachers Association, and (2) premiums
properly due on insurance policies, shall be considered deductible.
IV. HEALTH MEASURES AND INJURY BENEFITS
Sec. 22. Medical Examination and Treatment. Compulsory medical
examination shall be provided free of charge for all teachers before they
take up teaching, and shall be repeated not less than once a year during the
teacher’s professional life. Where medical examination show that medical
treatment and/or hospitalization is necessary, same shall be provided free
by the government entity paying the salary of the teachers.
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In regions where there is scarcity of medical facilities, teachers may obtain

elsewhere the necessary medical care with the right to be reimbursed for
their traveling expenses by the government entity concerned in the first
paragraph of this Section.
Sec. 23. Compensation for Injuries. Teachers shall be protected against the
consequences of employment injuries in accordance with existing laws.
The effects of the physical and nervous strain on the teacher’s health shall
be recognized as a compensable occupational disease in accordance with
existing laws.
V. LEAVE AND RETIREMENT BENEFITS
Sec. 24. Study Leave. In addition to the leave privileges now enjoyed by
teachers in the public schools, they shall be entitled to study leave not
exceeding one school year after seven years of service. Such leave shall be
granted in accordance with a schedule set by the Department of Education.
During the period of such leave, the teachers shall be entitled to at least
sixty per cent of their monthly salary: Provided, however, That no teacher
shall be allowed to accumulate more than one year study leave, unless he
needs an additional semester to finish his thesis for a graduate study in
education or allied courses: Provided, further, That no compensation shall
be due the teacher after the first year of such leave. In all cases, the study
leave period shall be counted for seniority and pension purposes.
The compensation allowed for one year study leave as herein provided
shall be subject to the condition that the teacher takes the regular study
load and passes at least seventy-five per cent of his courses. Study leave of
more than one year may be permitted by the Secretary of Education but
without compensation.
Sec. 25. Indefinite Leave. An indefinite sick leave of absence shall be granted
to teachers when the nature of the illness demands a long treatment that
will exceed one year at the least.
Sec. 26. Salary Increase upon Retirement. Public school teachers having
fulfilled the age and service requirements of the applicable retirement laws
shall be given one range salary raise upon retirement, which shall be the
basis of the computation of the lump sum of the retirement pay and the
monthly benefits thereafter.
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VI. TEACHER’S ORGANIZATION

Sec. 27. Freedom to Organize. Public school teachers shall have the right to
freely and without previous authorization both to establish and to join
organizations of their choosing, whether local or national to further and
defend their interests.
Sec. 28. Discrimination Against Teachers Prohibited. The rights established
in the immediately preceding Section shall be exercised without any
interference or coercion. It shall be unlawful for any person to commit any
acts of discrimination against teachers which are calculated to
(a) make the employment of a teacher subject to the condition that he shall
not join an organization, or shall relinquish membership in an organization,
(b) to cause the dismissal of or otherwise prejudice a teacher by reason of
his membership in an organization or because of participation in organization
activities outside school hours, or with the consent of the proper school
authorities, within school hours, and (c) to prevent him from carrying out
the duties laid upon him by his position in the organization, or to penalize
him for an action undertaken in that capacity.
Sec. 29. National Teacher’s Organizations. National teachers’ organizations
shall be consulted in the formulation of national educational policies and
professional standards, and in the formulation of national policies governing
the social security of the teachers.
VII. ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
Sec. 30. Rules and Regulations. The Secretary of Education shall formulate
and prepare the necessary rules and regulations to implement the provisions
of this Act. Rules and regulations issued pursuant to this Section shall take
effect thirty days after publication in a newspaper of general circulation and
by such other means as the Secretary of Education deems reasonably
sufficient to give interested parties general notice of such issuance.
Sec. 31. Budgetary Estimates. The Secretary of Education shall submit to
Congress annually the necessary budgetary estimates to implement the
provisions of the Act concerning the benefits herein granted to public school
teachers under the employ of the National Government.
Sec. 32. Penal Provision. A person who shall willfully interfere with, restrain
or coerce any teacher in the exercise of his rights guaranteed by this Act or
who shall in any other manner commit any act to defeat any of the provisions
of this Act shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not less than one
hundred pesos nor more than one thousand pesos, or by imprisonment, in
the discretion of the court.
If the offender is a public official, the court shall order his dismissal from
the Government service.
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Sec. 33. Repealing Clause. All Acts or parts of Acts, executive orders and
their implementing rules inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are
hereby repealed, amended or modified accordingly.
Sec. 34. Separability Clause. If any provision of this Act is declared invalid,
the remainder of this Act or any provisions not affected thereby shall remain
in force and in effect.
Sec. 35. This Act shall take effect upon its approval.
Approved: June 18, 1966
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CODE OF ETHICS FOR PROFESSIONAL TEACHERS

Pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (e), Article 11, of R.A. No. 7836,
otherwise known as the Philippine Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994
and paragraph (a), section 6, P.D. No. 223, as amended, the Board for
Professional Teachers hereby adopts the Code of Ethics for Professional
Teachers.
Preamble
Teachers are duly licensed professionals who possess dignity and reputation
with high moral values as well as technical and professional competence in
the practice of their noble profession, and they strictly adhere to, observe,
and practice this set of ethical and moral principles, standards, and values.
Article I: Scope and Limitations
Section 1. The Philippine Constitution provides that all educational
institution shall offer quality education for all competent teachers.
Committed to its full realization, the provision of this Code shall apply,
therefore, to all teachers in schools in the Philippines.
Section 2. This Code covers all public and private school teachers in all
educational institutions at the preschool, primary, elementary, and
secondary levels whether academic, vocational, special, technical, or non-
formal. The term teacher shall include industrial arts or vocational teachers
and all other persons performing supervisory and /or administrative
functions in all school at the aforesaid levels, whether on full time or part-
time basis.
Article II: The Teacher and the State
Section 1. The schools are the nurseries of the future citizens of the state;
each teacher is a trustee of the cultural and educational heritage of the
nation and is under obligation to transmit to learners such heritage as well
as to elevate national morality, promote national pride, cultivate love of
country, instill allegiance to the constitution and for all duly constituted
authorities, and promote obedience to the laws of the state.
Section 2. Every teacher or school official shall actively help carry out the
declared policies of the state, and shall take an oath to this effect.
Section 3. In the interest of the State and of the Filipino people as much as
94
of his own, every teacher shall be physically, mentally and morally fit.
Section 4. Every teacher shall possess and actualize a full commitment and
devotion to duty.
Section 5. A teacher shall not engage in the promotion of any political,
religious, or other partisan interest, and shall not, directly or indirectly,
solicit,
require, collect, or receive any money or service or other valuable material
from any person or entity for such purposes.
Section 6. Every teacher shall vote and shall exercise all other constitutional
rights and responsibility.
Section 7. A teacher shall not use his position or official authority or
influence
to coerce any other person to follow any political course of action.
Section 8. Every teacher shall enjoy academic freedom and shall have
privilege of expounding the product of his researches and investigations;
provided that, if the results are inimical to the declared policies of the State,
they shall be brought to the proper authorities for appropriate remedial
action.
Article III: The Teacher and the Community
Section 1. A teacher is a facilitator of learning and of the development of
the youth; he shall, therefore, render the best service by providing an
environment conducive to such learning and growth.
Section 2. Every teacher shall provide leadership and initiative to actively
participate in community movements for moral, social, educational,
economic and civic betterment.
Section 3. Every teacher shall merit reasonable social recognition for which
purpose he shall behave with honor and dignity at all times and refrain from
such activities as gambling, smoking, drunkenness, and other excesses, much
less illicit relations.
Section 4. Every teacher shall live for and with the community and shall,
therefore, study and understand local customs and traditions in order to
have sympathetic attitude, therefore, refrain from disparaging the
community.
Section 5. Every teacher shall help the school keep the people in the
community informed about the school and work and accomplishments as
well as its needs and problems.
95
Section 6. Every teacher is intellectual leader in the community, especially

in the barangay, and shall welcome the opportunity to provide such
leadership when needed, to extend counseling services, as appropriate,
and to actively be involved in matters affecting the welfare of the people.
Section 7. Every teacher shall maintain harmonious and pleasant personal
and official relations with other professionals, with government officials,
and with the people, individually or collectively.
Section 8. A teacher possesses freedom to attend church and worships as
appropriate, but shall not use his positions and influence to proselyte others.
Article IV: A Teacher and the Profession
Section 1. Every teacher shall actively insure that teaching is the noblest
profession, and shall manifest genuine enthusiasm and pride in teaching as
a noble calling.
Section 2. Every teacher shall uphold the highest possible standards of
quality
education, shall make the best preparations for the career of teaching, and
shall be at his best at all times and in the practice of his profession.
Section 3. Every teacher shall participate in the Continuing Professional
Education (CPE) program of the Professional Regulation Commission, and
shall pursue such other studies as will improve his efficiency, enhance the
prestige of the profession, and strengthen his competence, virtues, and
productivity in order to be nationally and internationally competitive.
Section 4. Every teacher shall help, if duly authorized, to seek support from
the school, but shall not make improper misrepresentations through
personal advertisements and other questionable means.
Section 5. Every teacher shall use the teaching profession in a manner that
makes it dignified means for earning a decent living.
Article V: The Teachers and the Profession
Section 1. Teachers shall, at all times, be imbued with the spirit of
professional loyalty, mutual confidence, and faith in one another, self-
sacrifice for the common good and full cooperation with colleagues. When
the best interest of the learners, the school, or the profession is at stake in
any controversy, teachers shall support one another.
96
Section 2. A teacher is not entitled to claim credit or work not of his own,
and shall give due credit for the work of others which he may use.
Section 3. Before leaving his position, a teacher shall organize for whoever
assumes the position such records and other data as are necessary to carry
on the work.
Section 4. A teacher shall hold inviolate all confidential information
concerning associates and the school, and shall not divulge to anyone
documents which has not been officially released, or remove records from
files without permission.
Section 5. It shall be the responsibility of every teacher to seek correctives
for what may appear to be an unprofessional and unethical conduct of any
associate. However, this may be done only if there is incontrovertible
evidence for such conduct.
Section 6. A teacher may submit to the proper authorities any justifiable
criticism against an associate, preferably in writing, without violating the
right of the individual concerned.
Section 7. A teacher may apply for a vacant position for which he is
qualified;
provided that he respects the system of selection on the basis of merit and
competence; provided, further, that all qualified candidates are given the
opportunity to be considered.
Article VI: The Teacher and Higher Authorities in the Profession
Section 1. Every teacher shall make it his duty to make an honest effort to
understand and support the legitimate policies of the school and the
administration regardless of personal feeling or private opinion and shall
faithfully carry them out.
Section 2. A teacher shall not make any false accusations or charges against
superiors, especially under anonymity. However, if there are valid charges,
he should present such under oath to competent authority.
Section 3. A teacher shall transact all official business through channels
except when special conditions warrant a different procedure, such as when
special conditions are advocated but are opposed by immediate superiors,
in which case, the teacher shall appeal directly to the appropriate higher
authority.
97
Section 4. Every teacher, individually or as part of a group, has a right to seek

redress against injustice to the administration and to extent possible, shall
raise grievances within acceptable democratic possesses. In doing so, they
shall avoid jeopardizing the interest and the welfare of learners whose right
to learn must be respected.
Section 5. Every teacher has a right to invoke the principle that appointments,
promotions, and transfer of teachers are made only on the basis of merit
and needed in the interest of the service.
Section 6. A teacher who accepts a position assumes a contractual obligation
to live up to his contract, assuming full knowledge of employment terms
and conditions.
Article VII: School Officials, Teachers, and Other Personnel
Section 1. All school officials shall at all times show professional courtesy,
helpfulness and sympathy towards teachers and other personnel, such
practices being standards of effective school supervision, dignified
administration, responsible leadership and enlightened directions.
Section 2. School officials, teachers, and other school personnel shall
consider
it their cooperative responsibility to formulate policies or introduce
important changes in the system at all levels.
Section 3. School officials shall encourage and attend the professional growth
of all teachers under them such as recommending them for promotion, giving
them due recognition for meritorious performance, and allowing them to
participate in conferences in training programs.
Section 4. No school officials shall dismiss or recommend for dismissal a
teacher or other subordinates except for cause.
Section 5. School authorities concern shall ensure that public school teachers
are employed in accordance with pertinent civil service rules, and private
school teachers are issued contracts specifying the terms and conditions of
their work; provided that they are given, if qualified, subsequent permanent
tenure, in accordance with existing laws.
98
Article VIII: The Teachers and Learners

Section 1. A teacher has a right and duty to determine the academic marks
and the promotions of learners in the subject or grades he handles, provided
that such determination shall be in accordance with generally accepted
procedures of evaluation and measurement. In case of any complaint,
teachers concerned shall immediately take appropriate actions, observing
due process.
Section 2. A teacher shall recognize that the interest and welfare of learners
are of first and foremost concern, and shall deal justifiably and impartially
with each of them.
Section 3. Under no circumstance shall a teacher be prejudiced or
discriminate
against a learner.
Section 4. A teacher shall not accept favors or gifts from learners, their
parents
or others in their behalf in exchange for requested concessions, especially
if undeserved.
Section 5. A teacher shall not accept, directly or indirectly, any remuneration
from tutorials other what is authorized for such service.
Section 6. A teacher shall base the evaluation of the learners work only in
merit and quality of academic performance.
Section 7. In a situation where mutual attraction and subsequent love
develop between teacher and learner, the teacher shall exercise utmost
professional discretion to avoid scandal, gossip and preferential treatment
of the learner.
Section 8. A teacher shall not inflict corporal punishment on offending
learners nor make deductions from their scholastic ratings as a punishment
for acts which are clearly not manifestation of poor scholarship.
Section 9. A teacher shall ensure that conditions contribute to the maximum
development of learners are adequate, and shall extend needed assistance
in preventing or solving learners problems and difficulties.
Article IX: The Teachers and Parents
Section 1. Every teacher shall establish and maintain cordial relations with
parents, and shall conduct himself to merit their confidence and respect.
99
Section 2. Every teacher shall inform parents, through proper authorities,
of the progress and deficiencies of learner under him, exercising utmost
candor and tact in pointing out the learner’s deficiencies and in seeking
parents’ cooperation for the proper guidance and improvement of the
learners.
Section 3. A teacher shall hear parents’ complaints with sympathy and
understanding, and shall discourage unfair criticism.
Article X: The Teacher and Business
Section 1. A teacher has the right to engage, directly or indirectly, in
legitimate income generation; provided that it does not relate to or
adversely affect his work as a teacher.
Section 2. A teacher shall maintain a good reputation with respect to the
financial matters such as in the settlement of his debts and loans in
arranging satisfactorily his private financial affairs.
Section 3. No teacher shall act, directly or indirectly, as agent of, or be
financially interested in, any commercial venture which furnish textbooks
and other school commodities in the purchase and disposal of which he
can exercise official influence, except only when his assignment is
inherently, related to such purchase and disposal; provided they shall be
in accordance with the existing regulations; provided, further, that
members of duly recognized teachers cooperatives may participate in the
distribution and sale of such commodities.
Article XI: The Teacher as a Person
Section 1. A teacher is, above all, a human being endowed with life for
which it is the highest obligation to live with dignity at all times whether
in school, in the home, or elsewhere.
Section 2. A teacher shall place premium upon self-discipline as the primary
principle of personal behavior in all relationships with others and in all
situations.
Section 3. A teacher shall maintain at all times a dignified personality which
could serve as a model worthy of emulation by learners, peers and all
others.
100
Section 4. A teacher shall always recognize the Almighty God as guide of his
own destiny and of the destinies of men and nations.
Article XII: Disciplinary Actions
Section 1. Any violation of any provision of this code shall be sufficient
ground for the imposition against the erring teacher of the disciplinary action
consisting of revocation of his Certification of Registration and License as a
Professional Teacher, suspension from the practice of teaching profession,
or reprimand or cancellation of his temporary/special permit under causes
specified in Sec. 23, Article III or R.A. No. 7836, and under Rule 31, Article
VIII, of the Rules and Regulations Implementing R.A. 7836.
Article XIII: Effectivity
Section 1. This Code shall take effect upon approval by the Professional
Regulation Commission and after sixty (60) days following its publication in
the Official Gazette or any newspaper of general circulation, whichever is
earlier.
101
About the Author

He is one Philippines’ most prominent personality in the field of
business.
He is a successful entrepeneur himself being behind the biggest review center
in
the country with 75 branches nationwide and branches in the ASEAN, Dubai,
UAE
and Qatar. He was a movie of the film “NARS” (2007) and “MAESTRA”
(2017) and
record producer OF IDREAM (2009), President of the Asian Academy for
Applied
Entrepreneurship, Director of the Spotlight Artist Center, owner of a Medical
Spa,
Kids Spa, which was twice awarded as Best Spa for Kids in Asia. He is a
business
leader who is president of the multi-awarded and biggest local organization
of
business people – the Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry –
Quezon City.
He is National Chairman of the TVET Committee of the Philippine Chamber
of
Commerce and Industry. He is a bestselling author of various reviewers
including
PROSPERITY which is a finalist in the 2012 International Book Awards. He
recently
launched his book “Entrepreneur in 12 Days” in Dubai.
An entrepreneur advocate:
He is host of the television and radio program Radyo Negosyo in ABSCBN
DzMM
which for the past 15 years have been airing over cable television, radio and
internet
platform of the Philippines’ biggest network. He has interviewed thousands
of
successful entrepreneurs and has helped more. He is probably the most
awarded
business talk show host in the country with Hall of Fame in the Catholic
Mass Media
Awards, KBP Golden Dove Awards, UP Gandingan Awards, St Scholastica’s
Hildegard
Awards, and Go Negosyo Awards. He was also finalist as Most Outstanding
Young
Entrepreneur in Asia Pacific by the Confederation of Asia Pacific Chambers
of
Commerce and Industry (CACCI) held in Nepal in 2012. The Philippine
Franchise
Association, the Association of Filipino Franchisers Inc., the UP-ISSI also
awarded
him, among others. His alma Mater, the University of Santo Tomas awarded
him
the highest award to its alumni – TOTAL Awards (The Outstanding
Thomasian Alumni)
in the field of Entrepreneurship. He was also awarded as one of the
outstanding
alumni in business during its quadricentennial celebration. His home
province
Oriental Mindoro has awarded him a Gawad MAHALTA for Business and
Entrepreneurship, the highest award given by the province to a Mindoreño.
The
Department of Science and Technology regards him as a Science
Ambassador.
An Educated Trainor:
He has talked and motivated millions, trained and empowered thousands in
his
young life of 45. He is probably one of the most educated in the training
industry. He
has three professional licenses, a Masters degree and two doctoral degrees –
Doctor
of Humanities and Doctor of Education. He is an international speaker and
has
lectured in various countries all over the world. He is a professor in the
graduate
school of Business of San Beda College and of the University of the
Philippines –
Institute for Small Scale Industry. Asian Wall Street Journal dubbed him as
“the man
who can electrify crowds and bring audiences on their feet.” He is regarded
as The
Entrepinoy Guru.
102
CARL E. BALITA, EdD, DrHum, RN, RM, LPT
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it to give you what you want in return. This is not a “depersonalizing”

DOMAIN 4: CURRICULUM The domain of Curriculum refers to all

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GENERAL EDUCATION ENGLISH

GENERAL EDUCATION ENGLISH

GENERAL EDUCATION ENGLISH

GENERAL EDUCATION ENGLISH

GENERAL EDUCATION ENGLISH

GENERAL EDUCATION ENGLISH

GENERAL EDUCATION ENGLISH

GENERAL EDUCATION ENGLISH

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GENERAL EDUCATION ENGLISH

GENERAL EDUCATION ENGLISH

GENERAL EDUCATION ENGLISH

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GENERAL EDUCATION SOCIAL SCIENCE

GENERAL EDUCATION SOCIAL SCIENCE

GENERAL EDUCATION SOCIAL SCIENCE

GENERAL EDUCATION SOCIAL SCIENCE

GENERAL EDUCATION SOCIAL SCIENCE

GENERAL EDUCATION SOCIAL SCIENCE

GENERAL EDUCATION SOCIAL SCIENCE

GENERAL EDUCATION SOCIAL SCIENCE

GENERAL EDUCATION SOCIAL SCIENCE

GENERAL EDUCATION SOCIAL SCIENCE

GENERAL EDUCATION SOCIAL SCIENCE

GENERAL EDUCATION SOCIAL SCIENCE

GENERAL EDUCATION SOCIAL SCIENCE

GENERAL EDUCATION SOCIAL SCIENCE

GENERAL EDUCATION SOCIAL SCIENCE

GENERAL EDUCATION GENERAL SCIENCE

GENERAL EDUCATION GENERAL SCIENCE

GENERAL EDUCATION GENERAL SCIENCE

GENERAL EDUCATION GENERAL SCIENCE

GENERAL EDUCATION GENERAL SCIENCE

GENERAL EDUCATION GENERAL SCIENCE

GENERAL EDUCATION GENERAL SCIENCE

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GENERAL EDUCATION MATH

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GENERAL EDUCATION FILIPINO

GENERAL EDUCATION FILIPINO

GENERAL EDUCATION FILIPINO

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