BRIEF HISTORY OF

INTERNET
INTERNET

• Interconnected Network or Internet is a network system that

connects millions of web servers.

• There’s a lot of meaning regarding Internet that can be explained

by a bunch of websites and organizations.
When did the Internet start?

• The internet started in the 1960s as a way for the government

researchers of sharing information.

• The Soviet Union’s launched of Sputnik satellite pushed the US

Defense Department to consider ways information could still be
disseminated even after a nuclear attack.
The Birth of the Internet

• January 1, 1983 was considered as the official birthday of the

internet.

• ARPANET and the Defense Data Network officially changed to the

TCP/IP standard on January 1, 1983, hence the birth of the
internet.
Who invented the internet

• No one person invented the internet. When networking technology

was first developed, a number of scientists and engineers brought
their research together to create the ARPANET. Later, other
inventors’ creations paved the way for the web as we know it
today.
WWW or World Wide Web

• WWW or World Wide Web was invented in 1989 by a British

scientist named Tim Berners-Lee.

• The web was originally conceived and developed to meet the

demand for automated information-sharing between scientists in
universities and institutes around the world.
3 Fundamental Technologies

By October of 1990, Tim Berners-Lee had written the three

fundamental technologies that remain the foundation of today’s
web:

• HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language

• URI (Uniform Resource Identifier

• HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

 Introduction to Web
System and Technologies
ITEC 50
The Website

A website or web site is a collection of related network web

resources, such as web pages, multimedia content, which are
typically identified with a common domain name, and published on
at least one web server.
The Website

The first web page went live on August 6, 1991. It was

dedicated to information on the World Wide Web project and was
made by Tim Berners-Lee.

The first ever website :

http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html.
Types of Website
E-commerce Website

An e-commerce website is a website people can directly buy

products from. You’ve probably used a number of e-commerce
websites before, most big brands and plenty of smaller ones have
one. Any website that includes a shopping cart and a way for you to
provide credit card information to make a purchase falls into this
category.
Business Website

A business website is any website that’s devoted to

representing a specific business. It should be branded like the
business (the same logo and positioning) and communicate the types
of products and/or services the business offers.
Entertainment Website

If you think about your internet browsing habits, you can

probably think of a few websites that you visit purely for
entertainment purposes
Media Website

Media websites collect news stories or other reporting.

There’s some overlap here with entertainment websites, but media
websites are more likely to include reported pieces in addition to or
instead of content meant purely for entertainment.
Brochure Website

Brochure websites are a simplified form of business websites.

For businesses that know they need an online presence, but don’t
want to invest a lot into it (maybe you’re confident you’ll continue
to get most of your business from other sources), a simple brochure
site that includes just a few pages that lay out the basics of what
you do and provide contact information may be enough for you.
Nonprofit Website

A nonprofit website is the easiest way for many potential

donors to make donations and will be the first place many people
look to learn more about a nonprofit and determine if they want to
support it.
Educational Website

The websites of educational institutions and those offering

online courses fall into the category of educational websites. These
websites have the primary goal of either providing educational
materials to visitors, or providing information on an educational
institution to them.
Personal Website

Not all websites exist to make money in some way or another.

Many people find value in creating personal websites to put their
own thoughts out into the world. This category includes personal
blogs, vlogs, and photo diaries people share with the world.
Sometimes these websites can evolve into something that
makes money if they become popular enough and the person who
started them wants to make that shift, but they primarily exist as a
way to share your feelings, insights, and art with any friends and
strangers that might be interested.
Web Terminology - Definitions
Domain name

A domain name is a unique name (e.g. google.com) used to

identify the location of a website on a web server. When you access
a website through a web browser like Google Chrome, the domain
name is translated to an Internet Protocol (IP) address (e.g.
172.217.12.206) which represents the server on which the website
is hosted. This translation is dynamically performed by a domain
name server (DNS).
DNS

Domain Name Servers are the Internet’s equivalent of a

phone book or directory. They keep an updated list of domain
names and translate them back into IP addresses. This is necessary
because, although domain names are easy for humans to remember,
computers (which include all devices that can connect to the
internet) use IP addresses to access websites.
URL

A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is the file address of a

resource on the Internet. A URL can represent a web page, an
image, a video, a style sheet, and much more. A URL typically
consists of several components, including but not limited to:
Web Server

Web Servers are used to store, process and deliver web pages
to clients (e.g. web browsers like Google Chrome). Although you
could purchase a server to run your website, most businesses use
cloud storage services such as Amazon Web Services (AWS) to host
websites due to the cost savings and added security.
Web Browser

A web browser, often referred to as a “browser” is a software

application used for accessing information on the Web. Some of the
most popular web browsers include Chrome, Firefox, Safari,
Internet Explorer, Edge, and Opera. As with all software
applications, web browsers have different features and
functionality, appealing to different user types.
IP Address

An Internet Protocol address is a unique numerical label

assigned to each device connected to the Internet, including
computers, phones, tablets, servers, cars, and more. A quick Google
search for “what is my IP address” will bring up the IP address
associated with your internet connection.
HTML

HTML, which stands for Hypertext Markup Language, is used

to identify the different elements on a page such as paragraphs,
titles, images, and links.
CSS

CSS, also known as Cascading Style Sheet, is used to give

your website its style. Fonts, colors, sizes, spacing, borders,
backgrounds, and shadows are just a few examples of what can be
adjusted using CSS.
JavaScript

JavaScript is a client side programming language which

means the source code is processed by the client’s web browser
rather than on the Web server. This allows the language to run
actions on a page after a page has been fully loaded. An example
would be sending an error message if there are missing form fields
without having to submit the request to the Web Server.
HTTP/HTTPS

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is the secure

version of HTTP, the protocol over which data is sent between your
browser and the website you’re connected to. To ensure a safe
connection for your website, you will need to get an HTTPS
certificate.